WO1994005159A2

WO1994005159A2 - Nutrient-enriched milk drink

Info

Publication number: WO1994005159A2
Application number: PCT/BE1993/000060
Authority: WO
Inventors: Anne Steils; Jean-Michel Gerome; Jean-Charles Pirlet; François WATS
Original assignee: La Societe Cooperative Mont-Blanc
Priority date: 1992-09-10
Filing date: 1993-09-10
Publication date: 1994-03-17
Also published as: BE1006217A6; WO1994005159A3

Abstract

A milk drink enriched with various nutrients for optimizing the nutritional condition of an elderly person while avoiding any risk of excessive intake is disclosed. The nutrients containing at least one vitamin, mineral salts and trace elements, particularly selenium, zinc and iron.

Description

MILK BEVERAGE ENRICHED WITH NUTRIENTS

The present invention relates to a milk product enriched with various nutrients in such a way that it more particularly meets the nutritional needs of the elderly person, that is to say the age group to which the subjects aged 60 years belong. and more. It is intended to be delivered to the consumer via the retail trade.

Nutritional status of the elderly

A. Current situation

In our country, the number of people over 65 represents 16% of the Belgian population and it is estimated that this value will reach 25% in the year 2020. In parallel with the increase in life expectancy, society evolves as does the concept of food, diet and the concept of "good health".

Currently in our "rich" societies, food is no longer considered as essential substances for survival but as the guarantor of an OPTIMAL state of health, certainly including the absence of disease but also leading to physical well-being (state of form), aesthetic well-being (state of "beauty"), and psychic well-being (state of equilibrium). The elderly group includes a significant proportion of apparently healthy subjects, whose nutritional status, in particular vitamin and mineral, abnormally low, is associated with discrete, non-specific clinical signs, for example fatigue, nervousness, skin disorders. If it appears on this precarious state of health, any pathology that it is infectious, traumatic, cancerous or an emotional disorder, this pathology causes undernutrition, sometimes serious, of the subject.

Food and aging are closely linked.

It must be recognized that, for multiple reasons related to aging, in particular to living conditions, eating habits and food themselves, the older the subject, the greater the risk of developing nutritional deficiencies likely to destroy his quality of life and even his life expectancy.

B. Etiologies

1) The most important cause of nutritional deficiencies in the elderly is the insufficient use of foods with high nutritional density, due to:

dental problems making it difficult to eat meat, fruit, vegetables; loss of appetite (anorexia) especially in the event of loneliness, depression, retirement; a decrease (alteration) in taste sensations; socio-economic factors forcing the subject to store food (loss of vitamins), often reheating leftover preparations (made for 2 or 3 days, provided by a social service, loss of vitamins); ignorance can lead during cleaning and / or when cooking food to significant losses in certain minerals and vitamins; financial difficulties limit certain purchases (tender meat for example); physical changes making it difficult to prepare hot meals (vision loss, tremors, muscle weakness ...).

2) Nutritional deficiencies also come from an increase in needs related to:

a gradual decrease in digestive secretions, a gradual decrease in digestive otility, a gradual decrease in digestive absorption, - a decrease in secretions of estrogens, later of androgens, .... The problems arise in particular for proteins, calcium, iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium.

3) These nutritional deficiencies can also be the consequence of drug interference. The senior citizen takes an average of two to five different medications each day.

When taking certain diuretics, sulfonamides, anti-epileptics, anti-inflammatory drugs, neurosedatives, antibiotics, hypolipants, oral anti-diabetics, hypotensors, anti-acids, anti-cancer, corticosteroids, laxatives ..., digestion , the absorption, the effectiveness of certain nutrients (constituent elements of our food ¹ ) can be altered in a more or less selective, more or less important way. In addition, chronic diseases which are all the more frequent as the age advances, expose the organism even more to nutritional deficiencies by increasing needs and following various disturbances linked to the disease: anorexia, malabsorption, drug treatment, surgical treatment, inadequate and / or untimely dietetic treatment. Finally, the old person's prejudices towards certain foods and erroneous or insufficient information, can lead to undernutrition, for example eggs make "liver pain", red meats "make tension rise", .... mistrust with regard to frozen food. C) Implications for health

The insufficient or limited consumption of high-density foods rarely induces major typical pathologies such as scurvy, beriberi ... but experimental studies suggest that delayed healing, immune disturbances, greater sensitivity to infections, certain cancers, disorders of the general state, an acceleration of aging can be attributed to nutritional deficiencies.

These deficiencies are to be put in large part in connection with the insufficiency of the nutritional density of the food.

II. Product suitability

A) Description of the problem

To remedy these deficiencies, a large number of subjects must receive vitamin and mineral supplements, and the invention is based on the idea of supplementing a staple food with high nutritional density rather than administering mineral and vitamin complexes separately. oral and / or parenteral.

The present invention aims to cover most of the quality nutritional needs of the elderly. Thus, the daily consumption of half a liter of milk drink will cover at least 50% of these essential needs. However, heavy consumption of the drink will not run any risk of excessive intake of these various nutrients.

It offers a drink with a very high nutritional density by its starting composition and by the enrichment studied, easy to consume, in order to prevent deficiencies and improve the state of health in the subject over 60 years old, thus making him less vulnerable and more able to take advantage of the many years available to him.

B) Composition

The invention relates to a milk drink enriched with nutrients, characterized in that it is composed of semi-skimmed milk treated by high temperature ultra-filtration (UHT) and a concentrate containing at least one vitamin, salts minerals and trace elements.

In a particular embodiment, the milk drink contains: 30 to 200 micrograms of selenium / liter of milk, preferably 60 micrograms of selenium / liter of milk, and 1 to 50 mg of vitamin E, preferably 10 g per liter of milk.

According to a development of the invention, the milk drink contains: 20 to 800 mg of vitamin C per liter of milk, preferably 70-180 of vitamin C per liter of milk 5 to 50 milligrams of zinc / liter of milk, preferably 15 milligrams of zinc / liter of milk, and 3 to 30 milligrams of iron / liter of milk, preferably 15 milligrams of iron / liter of milk.

It is also indicated to enrich the milk drink with from 50 to 2000 micrograms of folic acid / liter of milk, preferably 300 micrograms / liter of milk.

In a preferred embodiment, the drink consists of semi-skimmed milk subjected to a UHT treatment and prepackaged per half liter of milk, so as to be enriched up to a total content per liter of milk of the following components:

60 micrograms of selenium / liter of milk;

15 milligrams of zinc / liter of milk;

15 milligrams of iron / liter of milk;

300 micrograms of folic acid / liter of milk;

70 milligrams of vitamin C / liter of milk, and 10 milligrams of vitamin E / liter of milk.

The characteristics and details of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description below. C. Response offered by the milk drink to the needs of the elderly

The nutritional needs of the elderly are collated in the following table 1:

Table 1:

Nutritional needs of the elderly per day. Based on "Reco mended Dietary Allo ances" National Academy of Sciences, Washington revised 1989.

subject female subject male total protein: 50 to 63 g animal protein: 25 to 31.5 g selenium 55 to 70 ug zinc 15 mg iron 10 mg calcium 800 mg folic acid 180 to 200 yg (1980: 400 μg) vitamin C 60 mg vitamin E 8 to 10 mg

(α-tocopherol) vitamins D 10 _V g

(1) proteins

Half a liter of semi-skimmed milk, an amount that can easily be ingested daily by an elderly person, provides one third of the minimum nutritional requirements for total protein and two thirds of the minimum nutritional requirements for animal proteins (again called "high biological value") of the elderly.

Milk proteins are excellent proteins, like those of meats, leaving little waste (uric acid for example), and UHT treatment ensures the maintenance of their nutritional properties.

Insufficient protein intake will cause muscle wasting, a decrease in digestive secretions (increasing deficiencies in both protein and minerals, vitamins, etc.), physical asthenia, psychic asthenia, less resistance to infections, impaired healing processes ... which can lead to death in a state of cachexia!

(2) lipids

Semi-skimmed milk has the advantage on the one hand of limiting too much ingestion of fat, a source of energy which can favor in the event of excess the occurrence of obesity, and on the other hand, of promoting absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (the reabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins is coupled at the intestinal level).

On the other hand, aging decreases the activity of certain enzymes, (in particular delta-6-desaturase) and therefore, the enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid) is not justified (even is may not be recommended) in the elderly.

It is for these reasons in particular that the addition of ingredients rich in unsaturated vegetable fats is not suggested. This practice would also have modified the taste of milk and it should not be overlooked that for many elderly people, the pleasure of taste affects "quality of life".

(3) lactose

Semi-skimmed milk is a source of lactose, a slow carbohydrate that promotes the absorption of calcium and iron; helping to maintain a good intestinal flora; to fight against constipation.

(4) calcium and vitamin D

Half a liter of semi-skimmed milk provides a supply of 600 mg of calcium which guarantees that the minimum daily requirement is met.

The INDISPENSABLE nature of a sufficient calcium intake in people of 3 4 and 4th age is widely described in the general and specialized literature. There is a large echo in the context of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in menopausal women and later in the elderly male subject. The milk drink according to the invention not only provides calcium, but also lactose, promoting its resorption and a little vitamin D. On this subject, it may be worth remembering that 3/4 of Vitamin D requirements are met not by food but by the action of ultraviolet light in the skin on a vitamin D precursor derived from cholesterol and that to be active, Vitamin D must undergo double hydroxylation at liver level and kidney level. However, given the low amount of sunshine in our country and the fact that the elderly do not go out much, and especially in sunny weather, an addition of vitamin D will be considered for our country and those who would enjoy climatic conditions similar to ours.

Adequate daily calcium intake is required, aging decreases the adaptive capacity of the digestive absorption of calcium during the variation of intakes.

(5) iron

Various physiological changes linked to aging, eating habits and the after-effects or damage of pathological processes make iron deficiency very common in the elderly.

Iron is a mineral salt generally very poorly absorbed by both young and old people. Certain elements favor better absorption of iron, in particular the origin of iron: iron of plant origin is much less absorbed than iron of animal origin (meat, organ meats, etc.). However, the elderly often do not eat enough good quality meat.

the presence of organic acids such as ascorbic acid or vitamin C, improves the absorption of iron; unfortunately, the elderly too often neglect the fruits (problems of chewing, taste ...) or when they consume it, it is not at the same time as the consumption of meat,

- good gastric acidity releases iron from food complexes and allows reduction of the ferric ion into absorbable ferrous ion. With age, there is a decrease in digestive secretions, in particular gastric and therefore a decrease in the acidic environment of the stomach,

lactose, a specific sugar in milk, facilitates the absorption of iron (hence the advantage of enriching iron with a food containing lactose).

Other factors alter the bioavailability of iron in the intestinal cell and therefore alter its absorption.

It's like that :

phytates present in whole grains (interesting in the elderly to help him fight constipation);

oxalates present in vegetables, certain fruits,

also the _. tanates found in tea, polyphenols in coffee can reduce up to

50% absorption of iron.

Symptoms of an even slight iron deficiency will be asthenia, reduced physical and intellectual performance .... anemia is a later manifestation of it, signifying a significant, more serious deficiency, with in addition repercussions on the cardiovascular system.

The milk drink according to the invention is not only enriched in iron but also in vitamin C and it is naturally rich in lactose. All these elements contribute to a good absorption of iron capable of avoiding, or even possibly correcting, the states of deficiency.

(6) zinc

Zinc is an essential trace element for the human body. A study by Professor LEDERER published in the journal "Belgian Medical News" No. 345, page 13 (1992) reveals that zinc deficiency is common in geriatrics. Moderate zinc deficiency in the elderly is responsible for anorexia, skin disorders, reduced immune defenses, poor healing and

5 hypogeusia (i.e. loss of taste).

Zinc deficiencies are most often due to an inadequate diet, little varied, providing few minerals in combination 10 _. with proteins of animal origin.

Very often, these mineral deficiencies are associated with vitamin deficiencies having the same origin. 5

These nutritional deficiencies lead to an immunodeficiency which is added to the decrease in immune function linked to aging, making the organism very fragile and very little resistant.

(7) fiery acid

Among these multiple deficiencies are the 5 folate deficiencies, the frequency of which would be more or less 65% in elderly hospitalized subjects.

Mundane mental disorders wrongly attributed to age or arteriosclerosis (memory disorders, disorientation syndrome, confusion), asthenia, apathy, vulnerability to infection, delayed healing are common in folate deficiency states . Various doctors 5 automatically recommend supplementation both deficiency is frequent and disabling in the subject after 60 years.

The intakes recommended by the RDA "Recommended Dietary Allowances" (1989) are 200 yg per day (400 yg were recommended by the RDA in 1980 and still is in nutritional practice). These intakes are difficult to cover by feeding the elderly, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Fiery acid contents per 100 grams of food

oysters 240 yg, liver 30 yg, eggs 13 yg, asparagus, spinach 110 yg, other vegetables 10 yg, beef 9 yg, potatoes 6 yg, white bread 15 yg,

The other foods are less rich. In addition, folates are sensitive to oxidation, to light, to heat (losses greater than 60% during cooking). However, we know that the elderly subject very often warms up their preparations. In addition, certain anti-epileptic drugs, intestinal disinfectants, treatments for hyperlipemia, gout, diabetes, cancer ... also very strongly disturb the absorption of folic acid). (8) Selenium and vitamin E

It appears from numerous publications and recent studies that SELENIUM and vitamin E play an important role in the fight against aging. Indeed, various studies carried out in the world have made it possible to establish a relationship between the absorption of selenium and vitamin E and:

- cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, immunological aging, certain inflammatory diseases.

Vitamin E is synthesized by plants and is found in significant quantities in oils (which the elderly should not abuse given their energy richness).

^L Vitamin E is a powerful anti¬ oxidant; its consumption in sufficient quantity leads to a decrease in platelet aggregation (and therefore a reduction in the risks of thrombosis, embolism ...) and an increase in immune defenses (cell-mediated).

Selenium and vitamin E are powerful antioxidants which increase the destruction of "peroxides", dangerous substances formed in the body, capable of causing serious damage to the very structure of our cells and which play a role in carcinogenesis . Vitamin E decreases the quantity of nitrosamines (potentially highly carcinogenic substances) formed in the intestine. Based on consumption studies (Professor M. Deelstra and H. Robberecht, 1982), the daily ration of selenium in Belgium is too low (30 to 60 yg for needs estimated at 50 to 200 yg) and in addition the scientists claim that a selenium supplement in our diet can only be beneficial to the body (below 800 yg per day).

The essential nature of selenium is so well recognized by the scientific world that some countries like Finland have decided to enrich the soil with fertilizers supplemented with selenates.

(9) Vitamin C

The best-known vitamin C, water-soluble, with antioxidant properties. In addition to its own effects such as the polymerization of the connective tissue which is necessary for scarring, and the stimulation of the body's defense reactions, it protects vitamin E from oxidation and improves the resorption of iron.

Vitamin C needs are around 60 to 100 mg per day under adequate hygienic conditions: smoking, living in a polluted atmosphere double these needs. In addition, an additional intake would not be harmful if however less than 1000 mg. However, the only sources of vitamin C are fresh, raw vegetables, certain fresh fruits, foods often shunned by elderly people (especially men). In summary, the present invention therefore suggests enriching UHT-treated semi-skimmed milk with a certain number of nutrients, the deficiency of which has been proven to be frequent in the elderly and impair their quality of life, so that the coverage in these nutrients is ensured without constituting a risk of harmful excessive intake even during heavy consumption.

Table 3: Composition and role of the milk drink according to the invention

Components quantity present Coverage in half a liter of daily semi-skimmed milk requirements

UHT at: subject subject female male

protein + / 17 g 33 26% total protein 17 g 68 54% animal selenium 30 yg 55 43% zinc 7,5 mg 50 50% iron 7,5 mg 50 50% calcium 600 mg 75 75% folic acid 150 pg 40 84 %

(and vice versa according to the reference

RDA 1989-1980) vitamin C 35 mg 58 - 58% vitamin E 5 mg 62 to 50% vitamin D 2.5 yg 50% - 50% The invention also relates to a nutrient concentrate intended to be added to semi-skimmed milk at the rate of 300 mg per liter of milk or equivalent quantity of milk powder obtained from semi-skimmed milk.

This concentrate consists of:

sodium selenite: 0.13 mg zinc oxide: 18.70 mg iron iron gluconate: 134.30 mg folic acid 0.44 mg vitamin C 110 mg vitamin E 50% CWS / F: 26 mg vitamin A 250 CWS: 0.92 mg (: 230 international units) vitamin D3 100 CWS 2.50 mg (= 250 international units) lactose: 7.01 mg

Total 300 mg

This composition includes a certain overdose of nutrients to compensate for the depletion secondary to the heat treatment and storage period.

Claims

1. Milk drink enriched with nutrients, characterized in that it is composed of semi-skimmed milk and a concentrate containing at least one vitamin, mineral salts and trace elements.

2. Beverage according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains:

30 to 200 micrograms of selenium / liter of milk, preferably 60 micrograms of selenium / liter of milk, and

1 to 50 mg of vitamin E, preferably 10 mg per liter of milk.

3. Drink according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains:

20 to 800 mg of vitamin C / liter of milk, preferably 70-180 mg of vitamin C / liter of ^milk

5 to 50 milligrams of zinc / liter of milk, preferably 15 milligrams of zinc / liter of milk;

3 to 30 milligrams of iron / liter of milk, preferably 15 milligrams of iron / liter of milk.

4. Drink according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains 50 to 2000 micrograms of folic acid / liter of milk, preferably 300 micrograms / liter of milk.

5. Drink according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains semi-skimmed milk treated by high temperature ultra-filtration (UHT).

6. Drink according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains semi-skimmed milk subjected to a UHT treatment and is prepackaged per half liter of milk, so as to be enriched up to a content total per liter of milk of the following components:

60 micrograms of selenium / liter of milk; 15 milligrams of zinc / liter of milk;

15 milligrams of iron / liter of milk;

300 micrograms of folic acid / liter of milk;

70 milligrams of vitamin C / liter of milk, and

10 milligrams of vitamin E / liter of milk.

7. Drink according to claim 6, characterized in that it is also enriched up to a total content per liter of milk of the following components:

1 to 25 micrograms of vitamin D, preferably 5 micrograms / liter of milk;

100 to 100,000 IU of vitamin A, preferably 5,000

IU / liter of milk; 0.2 to 300 milligrams of vitamin B1, preferably 1.2 milligrams / liter of milk;

0.2 to 300 milligrams of vitamin B2, preferably 1.4 milligrams / liter of milk;

0.2 to 200 milligrams of vitamin B6, preferably 2.2 milligrams / liter of milk; 0.1 to 50 micrograms of vitamin B12, preferably 3 micrograms / liter of milk; 3 to 100 milligrams of niacin (vitamin PP), preferably 16 milligrams / liter of milk.

8. Nutrient concentrate intended to be added to milk so as to form a nutrient-enriched milk drink according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of:

sodium selenite: 0.13 mg zinc oxide: 18.70 mg iron gluconate: 134.30 mg folic acid 0.44 mg vitamin C 110 mg vitamin E 50% CWS / F: 26 mg vitamin A 250 CWS: 0 , 92 mg (= 230 international units) vitamin D3 100 CWS: 2.50 mg (= 250 international units) lactose: 7.01 mg

Total: 300 mg

and is intended to be added to semi-skimmed milk at the rate of 300 mg per liter of milk or equivalent quantity of milk powder from semi-skimmed milk.