WO1992001771A1

WO1992001771A1 - Method of turning wastes into solid body and method of burning such solid body

Info

Publication number: WO1992001771A1
Application number: PCT/JP1991/000961
Authority: WO
Inventors: Muneo Azegami; Shozo Suzuki
Original assignee: Prand Research Institute
Priority date: 1990-07-20
Filing date: 1991-07-19
Publication date: 1992-02-06

Abstract

When turning wastes (G) into a solid body (S) through processes performed in a waste receiving pit (1), first crusher (3), first screen (5), second crusher (7), second screen (9), mixing-storing reactor (13), compression molding machine (17), and drying-neutralizing reactor (19), treatment of wastes with the application of an optimum alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO to any one or a plurality of processes in said waste receiving pit (1), first crusher (3), second crusher (7), and mixing-storing reactor (13) enables the provision of a solid body (S) effective as a raw material of environmentally clean fuel or material for construction work. An optimum quantity of CaO to be added can be found on the basis of a quantity of organic substance (U) calculated from analysis and measurement of water content (W), a quantity of plastics (P), that of inorganic substances (M), and that of re-usable substances (W) that constitute the wastes (G) with an index of 100. Further, feed-back of an appropriate quantity of wastes having passed the mixing-storing reactor (13), mixing-deaerating reactor (15), or drying-neutralizing reactor (19) to the mixing-storing reactor (13) ensures a solid body (S) far more uniform in quality. By mixing the solid body (S) thus made from wastes with a natural fuel, an excellent hybrid fuel can be obtained. When an intermediate product obtained in the course of the above treatment of wastes into the solid body (S) is directly charged into an incinerator (37), clean burning is possible.

Description

1 1 1 Description

Method for producing solid matter from waste and method for incineration

Technical field

The present invention targets flammable waste that has been treated and disposed of in a conventional municipal solid waste incinerator, by subjecting it to a physical and chemical reaction treatment to produce solids that can be used as recycled resources (hereinafter referred to as the product). In addition, the product is used as a hybrid fuel suitable for the purpose by directly using the product as it is and mixing it with a solid fuel such as coal as appropriate. The present invention also relates to an incineration method in which the solids are put into an incinerator and incinerated.

Background art

In recent years, flammable waste discharged from households and offices is not only mixed with various inorganic substances such as glass bottles and empty cans, but also contains a wide variety of chemical substances such as plastics. It has come to include. For this reason, the improvement and improvement of the conventional methods for treating waste have been rapidly promoted as follows.

First, incineration technology is intended to uniformly burn chemicals such as plastics in waste, so that conventional incineration technology will be improved to a more advanced combustion technology, for example, by introducing a fluidization method. Became. In connection with this, new technologies are being developed for exhaust gas treatment, such as measures against NOx and the removal of harmful chemicals such as dioxins.

Secondly, the development of a system to separate and collect waste from sources and a system to crush and sort incoming waste has also developed technologies to remove these inorganic and harmful chemicals before incinerators. Under these circumstances, remarkable progress has been made in resource recovery technology and technology for recovering residual heat from combustion gas.

As the waste management system becomes more technically advanced, the social costs paid for waste management increase significantly, and the financial burden on local governments becomes a major problem. Have been. So Combustible on, in recent years in relation to the challenges be consistent with the conservation measures of the earth谭境, necessary to suppress the co ₉ to be discharged from the incinerator is generated, which has relied so far as "incineration" to "landfill" in the It has become necessary to fundamentally change the treatment method for municipal waste.

Indeed, as one of the new treatment methods, the development of technology for converting combustible waste into fuel has gained worldwide attention. The waste fuel of natural (fossil) for the purpose of alternative fuel, extensive research is advanced in each country Merare, of course solve urban waste problems, the suppression of emissions of co _2, the amount of fossil fuel With the reduction of emissions, the effects on global environmental conservation have come to be expected. Many attempts have been made to convert waste into fuel since the early 1970s, and large-scale projects have been implemented in the United States and elsewhere, especially in the wake of the oil crisis. However, most of these attempts have not been successful for the following reasons.

The first reason is that glass scraps and iron scraps contained in wastes have hindered the stable operation of fuel manufacturing brands. Furthermore, the quality of the products themselves has changed over time and regions with changes in the quality of waste, making it difficult to ensure stable quality. Pretreatment such as sorting is provided, but even in this case, problems such as the bad working environment of the high-cost factory hindered the spread of technology.

The second reason is that the organic matter contained in combustible waste is biologically unstable, and when used as fuel, emits offensive odors, generates methane gas, breaks down products, etc. This had a negative effect on the environment inside and outside the factory, and caused trouble in the transport and storage operations. In addition, methane gas caused fire and explosion accidents.

The third reason is that, despite fossil fuel market prices tending to stabilize at low prices, technological development of boilers and cement kilns at power plants that accept fuels has been delayed, resulting in a stable fuel supply. It was preventing the market from being secured. In particular, with conventional fuel technology, 350 calories -^-

In many cases, the fuel is used alone, and when used alone as a fuel, the boiler has a negative effect of lowering the efficiency.

The first object of the present invention is to improve the conventional waste disposal method that relied on incineration and landfill, and to convert so-called combustible waste into substances that can be used as recycled resources In particular, the present invention provides a method for producing solids from waste, which solves the above-mentioned difficult reasons that have been faced in the field of `` fuel conversion '', in which natural fuels can be used as substitutes. Nime O ₀

A second object of the present invention is to chemically and physically treat perishable organic substances, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc., contained in waste with additives such as alkaline earth metal oxides. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid fuel that can be converted into a biologically stable substance, thereby enabling long-term storage and stable combustion.

Furthermore, a third object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the hybrid fuel by mixing the resulting "products" alone or in combination with coal, and mixing with other natural fuels. It is to provide.

In addition, a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a waste pre-treatment step to carry out the chemical reaction and physical operation according to the present invention in order to improve the existing incineration technology from the aspect of environmental protection. the by modifying, plant sanitation in storage process of the waste, with dripping also the effect of prevention of odor-causing, at C a 0 ₂ effects of Al force Li earth metals, such as added in the combustion process It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for incinerating solids that has the effect of cleaning exhaust gas.

Disclosure of the invention

According to the present invention, after the waste such as municipal waste is put into a waste receiving tank, it is solidified by a dry neutralization reactor through a first crusher, a second crusher, and a mixed distillation reactor. When manufacturing, the addition amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide according to the characteristics of the waste is added to rationalize physical and chemical This is a method for producing solids from waste, which is characterized by conducting a reaction treatment. .

In the method for producing a solid material from the waste, the waste receiving tank or the first crusher is added with 0 to 30% of the total amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide added to the waste. Physical and chemical reaction treatment, or in the second crusher, physical and chemical reaction treatment by adding 0 to 50% of the total addition amount of alkaline earth metal oxide to the waste. Alternatively, in the mixed storage reactor, a physical and chemical reaction treatment is performed by adding 2 to 100% of the total amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide to the waste. Further, the total amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide is added at an appropriate ratio in a plurality of locations of the waste receiving tank, the first crusher, the second crusher, and the mixed storage reactor. It is desirable to perform physical and chemical reaction treatment.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a solid by adding an alkaline earth metal oxide to waste, analyzing and measuring water W%, plastic P%, inorganic M%, and resource R%, U = 1 0 0— (W + P + M + R), calculate the organic matter U%, and determine the optimal addition amount A of the alkaline earth metal oxide as A = KXU [where K = f (P, W )] And a method for producing solids from wastes, characterized by adding an alkaline earth metal oxide to the wastes. Preferably, the value of K is in the range of 0.2 to 1.2.

According to the above invention, the waste receiving tank, the first crusher, the second crusher, the mixed storage reactor, and the dry neutralization reactor pass through the waste receiving tank, the first crusher, the second crusher, and the like from the municipal waste. By adding an appropriate alkaline earth metal oxide to one or more of the crusher, the second crusher, and the mixed storage reactor, and performing a physical and chemical reaction treatment, It is possible to obtain solids that are effective as fuels and materials for civil engineering and construction materials.

The solids obtained in this way are physically, chemically and biologically 1

5 Since it is chemically stabilized, it can be stored for a long period of time and is a solid that does not cause gas explosion or dust explosion.It is effectively used as a material for clean fuel and civil engineering and building materials. Things.

The alkaline earth metal oxide added in each of the above processes can reduce 11% of organic matter by analyzing and measuring water, plastics, inorganic substances, and resource substances that constitute waste such as municipal solid waste. It is possible to calculate and obtain an effective and optimum addition amount based on the percentage of the organic matter U.

In addition, the present invention provides a mixing and storage reactor in which an appropriate amount of an additive containing alkaline earth metal oxide is charged into a mixing and storage reactor, and the waste which has been previously crushed and from which incombustibles have been removed is added. After the reaction, the reacted first product waste is charged into a mixed degassing reactor, and an appropriate amount of an additive containing an alkaline earth metal oxide is added as necessary, to perform the mixing reaction and The reaction product gas is degassed, the reacted second product waste is put into a compression molding machine to perform compression molding, and then the compression molded third product waste is put into a dry neutralization reactor. Dry neutralization reaction, and, if necessary, sieving with a sieving machine to obtain solid fuel.

Further, in the production method, the reaction in the mixed storage reactor is performed in a closed state, at a temperature of 60 to 100 and at a temperature of not more than 1 hour, and the reaction in the mixed deaeration reactor is performed in an exhausted state. It is preferable to perform at least 5 minutes at a higher temperature for at least 5 minutes.

Further, in the method for producing a solid fuel from the waste, the waste was coarsely crushed by a first crusher and non-combustibles were selectively removed in order to obtain finely crushed waste, and then crushed. An appropriate amount of additive containing alkaline earth metal oxide is added to the waste, crushed by the second crusher, and the incombustibles contained in the composite material of the waste are separated and removed. Further, the waste is finely crushed by a third crusher, and further, the reacted first generated waste, the degassed second generated waste, or sieved by the sieve. Powder waste as needed At the same time, it is desirable to reflux only a necessary amount to the mixed storage reactor.

According to the above-mentioned invention, a solid material serving as a clean fuel can be obtained from waste such as refuse. The resulting solids are physically, chemically and biologically stabilized and can be stored for long periods of time. In addition, it is possible to provide safe waste fuel without gas or dust explosion.

In addition, when sufficient characteristics are not obtained in each step, reflux is performed, so that a solid fuel with stable quality can be obtained.

Further, the present invention is a method for producing a hybrid flint, which comprises performing a compression molding process or a granulation process after mixing a natural fuel with a waste solid fuel and then subjecting the mixed fuel to a natural fuel.

According to the present invention, the hybrid fuel contains waste fuel at a constant rate, and therefore can be manufactured at a lower cost than the conventional cost of 100% natural fuel. . In addition, since solid fuel contains alkaline earth metal oxides such as Ca0, it absorbs acidic gas contained in exhaust gas, resulting in a clean fuel with no environmental pollution. can do.

This hybrid fuel can be used as fuel for small boilers such as simple stoves, etc., and its quality is close to that of anthracite, and it contains solid fuel from waste. The quality is as effective as a binder, making it easier to granulate. It has a calorific value equivalent to that of low-grade coal, which is intermediate between solid fuels made from natural fuels and wastes, and can be sufficiently used as industrial fuels, and can be used for many uses of various fuels.

Further, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a waste container, comprising: inserting waste such as municipal solid waste into a waste receiving tank, and then charging the waste into an incinerator to incinerate the waste; It is characterized in that the physical and chemical reaction treatment is performed rationally by adding the amount according to the characteristics of the waste. Waste incineration method.

When waste such as municipal solid waste is put into the waste receiving tank, and then put into the incinerator via the first crusher to incinerate the waste, both the waste receiving tank and the first crusher or A waste incineration method characterized by adding an amount of an alkaline earth metal oxide according to the properties of the waste to one of the two and rationally performing a physical / chemical reaction treatment.

When waste such as municipal solid waste is put into a waste receiving tank and then put into an incinerator via a first crusher, a first sorter and a second crusher to incinerate the waste, the characteristics of the waste The appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal oxide is added to one or more of the waste receiving tank, the first crusher and the second crusher according to This is a waste incineration method characterized by the following:

After the waste such as municipal waste is put into the waste receiving tank, it is put into the incinerator via the first crusher, the first sorter, the second crusher, the second sorter, and the mixed distillation reactor, and is disposed of. At the time of incineration of the waste, according to the characteristics of the waste, one or more of the waste receiving tank, the first crusher, the second crusher, and the mixed storage reactor may be used as alkaline earth metal. This is a waste incineration method characterized in that an appropriate amount of oxide is added and a physicochemical reaction is performed rationally.

According to the invention described above, an appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal oxide is added in the processing steps up to the waste receiving tank, the first crusher, the second crusher, or the mixed storage reactor to provide physical and chemical By injecting into the incinerator after performing the reaction treatment, the incineration treatment can prevent corrosion due to water formation, eliminate acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides, and achieve high efficiency You can get lean energy. It can also be applied efficiently to co-firing with refuse in coal-fired plants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 shows a conceptual process diagram for obtaining solids (fuel) from collected waste and incinerating an intermediate product according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a process chart of an embodiment of a production method for producing a hybrid fuel by mixing solid fuel and natural fuel by the waste obtained in the process shown in FIG. is there.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a process for obtaining solids from collected waste and incinerating an intermediate product according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, for example, waste G such as garbage removed from households and offices is composed of combustible materials such as paper, cardboard and fiber, and non-combustible materials such as iron, aluminum, glass, and soil. It is composed of the water contained therein, is transported by trucks, packers, and other transport vehicles, and is once put into a waste receiving tank 1 consisting of pits and the like. From the waste receiving tank 1, only the required amount is fed into the first crusher 3 at the required time.

The first crusher 3 is, for example, a hydraulic low-speed driven tear crusher, and its detailed structure is omitted because its specific structure is publicly known, but it has two or three shafts whose rotation speeds are different from each other, The outer periphery of each shaft is provided with a plurality of blade forces.

Thus, the input waste G is gripped by a two- or three-axis rotary tearing blade with different rotational speeds, tears through, breaks through to a strong one, and is driven by a low-speed, high-torque hydraulic drive. Is slowly torn and discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the body. The drive of the first crusher 3 is of a hydraulic drive type. By using a variable discharge axial piston pump, the load can be increased at high speed and low torque under normal load. Since the shaft speed can be varied according to the need for low-speed, high-torque operation and load during large hours, operation control can always be performed in an optimal state for the crushing load.

The first waste G 1 roughly crushed by the first crusher 3 is sent to a first sorter 5 composed of, for example, a belt conveyor. The first separator 5 is provided with a magnetic separator, which removes metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals and harmful hazardous materials. In the first sorter 5, medium-sized inorganic substances such as bottles and blocks are sorted and removed.

When metals and inorganic substances are removed by the first sorter 5, the second waste G 2 is sent to the second crusher 7. The second crusher 7 is made of, for example, a hammer mill. The second crusher 7 further crushes the waste G2.

The third waste G3 finely crushed by the second crusher 7 is sent to a second separator 9 including, for example, a separator, a sieve, a specific gravity separator, and the like. In the second sorter 9, metal and inorganic substances that could not be completely removed by the first sorter 5 are removed, and the fourth waste G 4 is sent to the third crusher 11. The third crusher 11 further crushes the fourth waste G4 by using, for example, a ring glider mill. However, when the required crush particle size can be obtained in the second crusher 7, the crusher may be omitted without being charged into the third crusher 11.

Into the second crusher 7, an appropriate amount of an additive containing an alkaline earth metal oxide such as Ca 0 is fed together with the second waste G 2 sorted by the first sorter 5. As a result, the second waste G 2 is crushed and uniformly mixed and contacted with the alkaline earth metal oxide C a O. Once contacted, C a (OH) ₂ becomes the C a 0 is alkali earth metal oxide and water (H ₂ 0) included in the second waste G 2 are reacted, the C a (OH) ₂ is dispersed in the solid second waste G2. This reaction starts in the second crusher 7, and the next second sorter 9 and third crusher It is completed in the mixed storage reactor 13 through the crusher 11. The input amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide Ca 0 is 2 to 5%, preferably about 3%, based on the input amount of the waste.

Fifth waste G5 finely crushed by the third crusher 11 and an appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal oxide Ca0 are charged into the mixed storage reactor 13. The mixed storage reactor 13 is composed of, for example, a rotary hexagonal mixer, a ribbon mixer, or a moving screw-type stirrer, and is mixed for a certain period of time while being stored. The reaction rate can be increased by heating the mixed storage reactor 13 with hot air or a heating tube if necessary. It is preferable to conduct the treatment in a closed state, for example, at a temperature of 60 to 1 1 〇 for 1 hour or more.

The mixed storage reactor 13 contained the sixth waste G 6 (first generated waste) generated by the reaction and an appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal oxide C a 0 as necessary. The additive material is introduced into the mixed degassing reactor 15 to perform a mixing reaction and degas ammonia and the like. That is, it is preferable to perform the heating at a temperature at least 5 or more higher than the above-mentioned temperature for 5 minutes or more under the exhaust state. Next, the reacted seventh waste G7 (second waste product) is put into a compression molding machine 17, where the density is increased by a compression action, and then extruded to be formed into granules. The eighth waste G 8 (third generated waste) formed into granules by the compression molding machine 17 is supplied to the dry neutralization reactor 19. In this dry neutralization reactor 19, the temperature is raised to 130 to 230, sterilization is performed, thermochemical changes are completed, moisture is removed, and at the same time, the alkali (Ca Co) H) ₂ etc. are neutralized with co ₂ gas and solidified to obtain a solid S.

The solid matter S thus obtained can be sieved with a sieve 21 as needed to be taken out as a solid fuel, or taken out as a material for civil engineering and building materials and used. Is widely applied to industry That is, the following operation occurs between the mixed storage reactor 13 and the dry neutralization reactor 19.

Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids contained in organic matter are denatured by the action of heat and alkali, and some are hydrolyzed. By the action of alkali and mechanical action, paper, wood, plant residues, etc. are loosened in a fibrous form and bacteria are killed.

In addition, acidic substances (HnS, organic acids, etc.) generated by organic spoilage or decomposition are neutralized, ammonia evaporates, moisture evaporates, and the residue is dried.

Unreacted C a (OH) ₂ is neutralized with C 00 in the drying gas in a drying neutralization reactor 19 to form insoluble C a CO. Occurs.

Biological Finally, additional material is consolidated in the dried and C a C 0 ₃ generates, combines the other substances, atomized waste by Al force Li of low moisture and C a (OH) " Is chemically stabilized.

The granular waste thus obtained is sieved by a sieving device 21 as necessary to remove solid fuel S as a solid.c

Of the solids sieved by the sieving device 21, powder smaller than a certain size does not have a certain size. Refluxed and recharged.

The sixth waste G6 mixed while being stored in the mixed storage reactor 13 is checked for quality stabilization before being fed into the mixed degassing reactor 15, and a certain If the quality has not been achieved, it is returned to the mixed storage reactor 13. The ratio of this reflux depends on the reaction time and reaction conditions in the mixed distillation reactor 13, but it is sufficient to reflux up to 50%. In short, when the quality of the sixth waste G6 satisfies a certain level, it is fed into the mixed degassing reactor 15.

In addition, the 7th waste G7 reacted in the mixed degassing reactor 15 maintains a certain rate of reaction achievement before it is injected into the compression molding machine 17. If a certain reaction achievement rate has not been achieved after a check has been made, the mixture is returned to the mixed storage reactor 13. Therefore, only the eighth waste G8, which maintains a certain reaction achievement rate, is injected into the compression molding machine 17.

Thus, the sixth waste G 6 reacted in the mixed storage reactor 13, the seventh waste G 7 reacted in the mixed degassing reaction 15 or dried and neutralized in the dry neutralization reactor 19 The solids that have been combined and sieved in the sieve 21 are fed back many times until they reach a certain material composition, a certain reaction completion rate, and a certain size. However, the final solid (fuel) can be taken out as a homogeneous and clean fuel.

In the process from the second crusher 7 to the mixed degassing reactor 15, an additive containing Ca 0, which is an alkaline earth metal oxide, is charged in the required amount in each stage, and the chemical reaction In addition to removing spoilage and odor, and biologically stabilized, the obtained solid can be stored as fuel for a long period of time, and methane gas is not generated and gas explosion does not occur. , Can be used as a safe fuel.

The properties of the eighth waste G8, which is an intermediate product heated and compression-molded by the compression molding machine 17, are different from those in the case of fuel production and in the case of civil engineering building material production. This can be easily selected based on the mechanical performance of the compression molding machine 17 or the replacement of parts. It is necessary to select the properties of fuel tanks for fuel tanks, such as co-firing with coal and charging into a fluidized-bed boiler and storage-force type boilers. In this example, it was confirmed that the production of a fuel particularly suitable for a fluidized-bed boiler is effective because of its low mechanical load and combustion characteristics. It is mechanically easy and effective to produce granules of approximately 5 mm to 10 mm.

When the above-mentioned waste G is put into the waste receiving tank 1 and processed through the processing steps up to the dry neutralization reactor 19 to produce the solid S, For example, C a 0 as an alkaline earth metal oxide is added to the waste receiving tank 1 or the first crusher 3 to the waste G such as garbage for the purpose of deodorization and control of spoilage enzyme. Physical and chemical reaction processes are performed. In this case, the addition amount of Ca 0 is preferably about 0 to 30% of the total addition amount. Even if it exceeds 30%, it does not show much effect. In other words, by actually introducing C a 0 into the waste receiving tank 1 or the first crusher 3, the receiving and storing of municipal solid waste that this type of facility had to overcome in common The generation of foul odors from the facilities can be prevented. The action of calcium has the effect of suppressing spoilage and the development of insects.

In addition, in the first crusher 3 that disintegrates municipal solid waste, odor is introduced in advance to prevent bad smell and prevent corrosion of the brand due to adhesion of anaerobic fermentation products. can do. It is desirable that the input amount to the waste receiving tank 1 should be within the range of 10% to 20% of the total input amount.

In addition, when the second waste G2 sorted by the first sorter 5 is charged into the second crusher 7, C a0 is also charged together, and mixed and mixed according to the first C a0. Let the chemical reaction take place. In this case, the addition of CaO is desirably performed in a physical / chemical reaction treatment by adding 0 to 50% of the total amount.

The purpose of feeding into the second crusher 7 is to promote uniform reaction between C a 0 and refuse in the second crusher 7 and at the same time mechanical contact between solids and solids to promote the reaction by C a O. Can be done. Conventionally, municipal dust generated from this type of crushing process has been biologically active, and the effects of pathogenic bacteria on the environment have been recognized to some extent. In this regard, the introduction of CaO into the second crusher 7 not only promotes the reaction but also has a remarkable effect on the improvement of the working environment in the factory.

The addition rate of C a 0 is usually 10% to 20% of the total input force; In some cases, it is appropriate to input up to 50%.

Further, the mixed storage reactor 13 may be charged with the fifth waste G5 pulverized by the third crusher 11 at the same time as charging Ca0. In this case, the added amount of Ca 0 is desirably 20% to 100% of the total added amount. The purpose of introducing C a 0 in this step is to complete the reaction with C a O.

In some cases, it is also possible to add Ca 0 to a plurality of locations of the waste receiving tank 1, the first crusher 3, the second crusher 7, and the mixed storage reactor 13 in appropriate amounts.

Therefore, it is a process for adding Ca 0, reacting with municipal solid waste, converting it to a stable substance by physical and chemical reaction treatment, and excluding N 0 X components such as ammonia from the solid waste. The compression-formed granular intermediate product has a temperature of 50 or more due to heating and the exothermic reaction of Ca0.

This is removed in the next drying step, and solidified by the reaction between calcium and carbon dioxide in the combustion gas, so that a solid that can be easily handled is obtained. This can be used as fuel as it is.

In the example of municipal solid waste in Japan, the lower calorific value per kilogram is close to 400 kcal, and in the example of Europe it is 350 kcal, and in any case, the coal boiler It becomes a fuel with optimal physical and chemical properties and biologically stable storage characteristics for co-firing _c. Next, the above-mentioned waste G is put into the waste receiving tank 1 and then dried and neutralized Solids S are obtained through the processing steps up to the reactor 19, but the C a 0 added to the waste receiving tank 1, the first crusher 3, the second crusher 7, and the mixed storage reactor 13 is obtained. The total amount is preferably determined by the following means.

That is, the waste G such as municipal solid waste is set at 100%, and when analyzed, this waste G contains moisture, plastics, inorganic substances, and resources. Then, the moisture is reduced to W% using a dryer, etc. By determining P, M, and R% of plastics, inorganic substances, and recyclables by visual selection analysis, which is a common analytical method, the organic matter U.% can be calculated as U = 100— (W + P + M + R).

The added amount A of C a 0 is A = K x U (where K is a constant), and K is represented by K = f (P, W) which is a function of P and W, and C a Correction term for determining the O addition rate, which is determined by the ratio of the plastic mixing rate (P) to the water content (W). In principle, this is a term that is corrected by calculating the amount of CaO required to neutralize chlorine in the garbage contained in plastics, etc. during the combustion process.

In this example, the method of determining the optimal addition rate in the range of K-0.2 to 1.2 as a result of investigating the adaptability to waste quality in various countries around the world is specified.

The W term corrects for the effective addition of C a O to organic matter when moisture is excessive.

Based on the addition rate A% of C a 0, the waste receiving tank 1 or the first crusher 3 is about 1 to 2%, the second crusher 7 is about 2%, and the mixed-bed storage reactor 13 Then, it is desirable to add 1 to 5% C a 0 and to perform physical and chemical reaction treatment. In this way, by adding C a0 and physically and chemically treating in each treatment step of treating waste G, fuel or civil engineering material as a biologically stable solid S is obtained. Material can be obtained.

In the above embodiment, the force described using Ca 0 as a column of the alkaline earth metal oxide << The force obtained by mixing Mg 0 into Ca 0 may be used, or only Mg 0 may be used. Alternatively, C a (OH) ₂ or a mixture thereof may be used.

Next, Fig. 2 shows a production method in which a hybrid fuel is obtained by mixing solid fuel S from waste obtained by the above-mentioned production method and natural fuel N, which mainly uses coal. This will be described with reference to FIG. No. 2 In the figure, solid fuel S. from waste is put into a crusher 23 and crushed to a finer particle size by the crusher 23. The fine-grained solid fuel crushed by the crusher 23 is fed into a specific gravity separator 25, which further removes impurities (incombustibles) such as glass and iron scraps. Is done.

The granular solid fuel from which impurities have been removed by the specific gravity difference separator 25 is charged into the mixer 27, and the natural fuel N, which is mainly coal, is charged into the mixer 27. Therefore, in the mixer 27, the particulate solid fuel and the natural fuel N are mixed at a fixed rate for a fixed time.

The mixture subjected to the mixing treatment in the mixer 27 is, for example, charged into a compression molding machine 2 and compression-molded, and further subjected to a drying treatment under a certain condition in a dryer 31 to thereby obtain, for example, a charcoal or briquette. Haiburi head fuel H _a solid consisting of size will be obtained.

The mixture subjected to the mixing treatment in the mixer 27 is charged into a granulator 33 in some cases. Water or C a (OH) ₂ is added to the granulator 33 and granulated under certain conditions. Further, by drying under a certain condition in the dryer 35, a layer of natural fuel N adheres to the outer periphery with the solid fuel S as waste as a core, and a granular material having a size of, for example, soybean is obtained. the fact that the granules hybrid fuel H _B is obtained.

The solid hybrid fuel H _A and the granulated hybrid KH _B obtained in this way contain a certain percentage of solid fuel S from waste, so the conventional 100% It can be manufactured at lower cost than the cost of natural fuel N, and the acid gas generated by the combustion of sulfur and chlorine contained in natural fuel N is converted to solid fuel S from waste. It is absorbed by the reaction with the contained C a 0.

As described above, the solid fuel S from waste is contained at a certain ratio, and the solid fuel S contains Ca0, so that the exhaust gas is cleaned and the environment is reduced. Clean fuel without pollution Becomes

This hybrid fuel can be used as fuel for small boilers such as simple stoves, etc., and its quality is close to that of anthracite, and it also contains solid fuel S as waste. From this, it becomes a fiber, has an effect as a binder, and is easily granulated. It has a calorie equivalent to that of low-grade coal, which is intermediate between natural fuel Ν and solid fuel S made from waste, and is sufficiently usable as a fuel, and is suitable for many uses of various fuels. It can be used.

The above-mentioned waste G is put into the waste receiving tank 1, and the intermediate products obtained in the processing steps up to the dry neutralization reactor 19 are put into the incinerator 37 shown in Fig. 1. Can be incinerated.

In addition, the required amount of waste G is put into the waste receiving tank 1, and the Ca 0 is added in an appropriate amount according to the required amount and the characteristics of the waste G. After performing the physical and chemical reaction treatments, as shown by the dotted line, without entering the first crusher 3, the refuse in the waste receiving tank 1 can be directly injected into the incinerator 37 even if incinerated. It is possible to prevent the decay of the gas and to effectively absorb the acid gas in the combustion process.

Further, physical and chemical reaction treatment is performed by charging Ca 0 in an appropriate amount in the first crusher 3 and the first waste G 1 is not flown to the first sorter 5 and is indicated by a dotted line. As shown in, high efficiency and clean combustion can be performed even if it is put into the direct incinerator 37 and incinerated.

Also, in the second crusher 7, a suitable amount of C a0 is charged, a physical / chemical reaction treatment is performed, and the third waste G3 does not flow to the second selector 9, but is indicated by a dotted line. As shown in the figure, high efficiency and clean combustion can be achieved even if the waste is put into the direct incinerator 13 and incinerated.

Industrial applicability

As described above, the solid matter S obtained by the method for producing solid matter from waste according to the present invention is considered to be first effectively used as fuel. In both cases, fuel costs are reduced. Blending with natural fuels also reduces the use of natural fuels. Also, this solid

By injecting the S fuel directly into the incinerator 37, clean combustion is performed and the energy is used. Furthermore, the obtained solids S are effectively used as materials for civil engineering and construction materials in addition to fuel.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. After the waste such as municipal waste is put into the waste receiving tank (1), it is being dried through the 铕 1 crusher (3), the second crusher (7), and the mixed distillation reactor (1 3). When the solidified product is manufactured by drying and solidifying in the sum reactor (19), the physical and chemical reaction treatment can be rationally performed by adding an amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide according to the characteristics of the waste. A method for producing solid matter from waste, characterized in that it is performed.

2. In the waste receiving tank (1) or the first crusher (3), 0 to 30% of the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxide is added to the waste, and The method for producing a solid from waste according to claim 1, wherein the solid is subjected to a chemical reaction treatment.

3. In the second crusher (7), a physical-chemical reaction treatment is performed by adding 0 to 50% of the total amount of the alkaline earth metal oxide to the waste. A method for producing a solid matter from the waste according to claim 1.

4. In the mixed storage reactor (13), a physical and chemical reaction treatment is performed by adding 20 to 100% of the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxide to the waste. A method for producing a solid matter from waste according to claim 1.

5. Total addition of earth metal oxides at multiple locations of the waste receiving tank (1), the first crusher (3), the second crusher (7) and the mixed storage reactor (13) 2. The method for producing a solid substance from waste according to claim 1, wherein the physicochemical reaction treatment is performed by adding an appropriate amount of the solid substance.

6. When solid waste is produced by adding alkaline earth metal oxide to waste, water W%, plastic P%, inorganic matter M%, and resources R% that constitute the waste are removed. Analytically measure and calculate the organic matter U% based on 11 = 100-(W + P + M + R), and determine the optimal amount A of alkaline earth gold oxide as A = KXU [ , K = f (P, 2/01771 PCT / JP91 / 00961

20 ~-

W)], and adding an alkaline earth metal oxide to the waste.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the value of K is in the range of 0.02 to 0.12.

8. The pre-crushed waste and an appropriate amount of additive containing alkaline earth metal oxide are put into the mixing and storage reactor (13), mixed and reacted, and then reacted. Into the mixed degassing reactor (15), add an appropriate amount of additive containing alkaline earth metal oxide as necessary, and mix and react. The produced gas is degassed, the reacted second product waste is put into a compression molding machine (17) to perform compression molding, and then the compression molded third product waste is dried and neutralized. A method for producing solids from waste, characterized in that the solids are introduced into a reactor and subjected to a dry neutralization reaction, and, if necessary, sieved with a sieve to obtain solids.

9. The reaction in the mixed storage reactor (13) is carried out in a closed state at a temperature of 60 to 10 ° for 1 hour or more, and the reaction in the mixed degassing reactor (15) is exhausted. 9. The method for producing solids from waste according to claim 8, wherein the method is performed at least 5 minutes or more at a high temperature.

10 0. In order to make the waste finely crushed in advance, the waste is roughly crushed by the first crusher (3), and the non-combustible material is selectively removed. Then, an appropriate amount of force is applied to the crushed waste. An additive containing an earth metal oxide is introduced, crushed by a second crusher (7), and non-combustible materials are removed by screening. If necessary, crushed by a third crusher (11) 9. The method for producing solids from waste according to claim 8, wherein the waste is crushed waste.

1 1. The reacted first product waste, the degassed second product waste, or the powder waste sieved by the sieving device (21) as required 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a required amount of the mixture is refluxed to the mixed storage reactor (13). Production method.

1 2. Solid fuel solid waste (S) is mixed with natural fuel (N) and then subjected to compression molding or kidnapping to obtain hybrid fuel. Method of manufacturing a product.

1 3. When waste such as municipal solid waste is put into the waste receiving tank (1) and then put into the incinerator (37) for incineration of waste, the waste receiving tank (1) is placed in the waste receiving tank (1). A waste incineration method, characterized in that a rational addition of an amount of an earth metal oxide according to the characteristics of the waste is performed to perform a rational physical / chemical reaction treatment.

1 4. After injecting waste such as municipal solid waste into the waste receiving tank (1), pass it through the first crusher (3) to the incinerator (37) to incinerate the waste. The waste receiving tank (1) and / or the first crusher (3) are added in an amount corresponding to the characteristics of the waste of the alkaline earth metal oxide to a reasonable ratio. A waste incineration method characterized by performing physical and chemical reaction treatments.

1 5. After the waste such as municipal solid waste is put into the waste receiving tank (1), it goes through the first crusher (3), the second sorter (5) and the second crusher (7), When the waste is put into (37) and incinerated, the waste receiving tank (1), the first crusher (3) and / or the second crusher (7) can be used in several places or in any place. A waste incineration method characterized by adding an amount of an earth metal oxide according to the properties of the waste to perform a physicochemical reaction rationally.

1 6. After the waste such as municipal waste is put into the waste receiving tank (1), the first crusher (3), the first sorter (5), the second crusher (7), the second sorter The waste receiving tank (1), the first crusher (3), and the second crusher (3) are put into the incinerator (37) through the crusher (9) and the mixed storage reactor (13) to incinerate the waste. The crusher (7) and / or the mixed storage reactor (13) are added to multiple or any of the mixed storage reactors (13) at an appropriate amount according to the characteristics of the waste of the alkaline earth metal oxide. · Perform chemical reaction processing Waste incineration method. .