WO1990014627A1 - Method for generating maps - Google Patents
Method for generating maps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990014627A1 WO1990014627A1 PCT/US1990/002880 US9002880W WO9014627A1 WO 1990014627 A1 WO1990014627 A1 WO 1990014627A1 US 9002880 W US9002880 W US 9002880W WO 9014627 A1 WO9014627 A1 WO 9014627A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- geographic
- sites
- data
- map
- coordinate data
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/05—Geographic models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B29/00—Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram
- G09B29/003—Maps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B29/00—Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram
- G09B29/003—Maps
- G09B29/005—Map projections or methods associated specifically therewith
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to cartography or map-making, and more particularly, to a method for generating a composite map from information contained in a plurality of data bases identifying a plurality of locations by various geographical coordinate data. Specifically, the invention provides a method for generating a composite map corresponding to existing and potential environmentally hazardous locations impacting a parcel of real estate.
- FIGURE 4 is a computer generated map of geographic sites for the same area as Figures 2 and 3 plotted from geographic coordinate data contained in the
- Table 1 lists the geographic locations subject to environmental contamination for one specific area of Troy, Michigan in the Federal Superfund data base.
- the first step in the present map generating method is to input the coordinate data of each of the sets of sites within the plurality of data bases into a computer 24.
- a computer keyboard 26 wherein an operator manually enters the coordinate data into the computer 24 or by magnetic tape wherein the computer is programmed to read the coordinate data directly from the magnetic tape.
- the computer 24 is programmed with a geographic information systems program capable of plotting a plurality of sites in a two-dimensional coordinate system.
- the geographic information systems program includes commercially available software written in various computer languages.
- the software can be run on any level computer hardware from a personal computer to a main frame computer.
- An example of such software is produced by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., of California, under the registered trademark pc ARC/INFO*.
- the pc ARC/INFO ⁇ system is a vector-based geographic information system software program for storing, managing, analyzing, and displaying spacially oriented geographic data. Similar geographic information systems software are commercially available.
- the computer is also provided with a database compatible with the geographic information systems program suitable for generating a map of the geographic area involved.
Abstract
A method for generating a composite map (38) of geographic locations from a plurality of data bases (12) is disclosed. Each data base (12) includes a set of geographic coordinate data using various geocoding systems. The method comprises the steps of inputting the coordinate data into a computer (24), generating a map corresponding to each data base (28) and comparing and correcting (30) each of the generated maps. The method further includes the steps of preparing a composite data base (36) of all the corrected data (34) and generating a composite map (38).
Description
METHOD FOR GENERATING MAPS
Background of the Invention Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to cartography or map-making, and more particularly, to a method for generating a composite map from information contained in a plurality of data bases identifying a plurality of locations by various geographical coordinate data. Specifically, the invention provides a method for generating a composite map corresponding to existing and potential environmentally hazardous locations impacting a parcel of real estate.
Description of the Related Art
Environmental contamination of a real estate often results in the diminution of its economic value. Investigating the environmental integrity of the property is therefore crucial in the purchasing decision. Traditional methods of investigating the condition of real estate include questionnaires, title reports, surveys and appraisals. However, the inaccessibility of information relating to environmental contamination of property makes the investigation difficult.
Federal, state and local government agencies compile information regarding known and potential environmentally hazardous sites. Environmentally hazardous sites include real estate property subject to
environmental contamination, property located near earthquake faults or in floodplains, or any property having undesirable characteristics which affect the value of the property. The information is recorded in data bases, such as the list of Federal Superfund Sites, the National Priority List of Superfund Sites, listings of state superfund sites, state landfill and disposal sites, state hydrocarbon production sites of environmental contamination as well as local or county listings of environmentally hazardous sites. This information is regarded as "nominally public" because separate inquiries must be sent to each of the agencies responsible for placing a hazardous site in its respective database.
Furthermore, the information contained in various data bases may be recorded under different geocoding systems, such as street address, metes and bounds description, or by a plat description. Oftentimes, the address corresponding to one site in one data base does not correlate with the address for the same site in a different data base. These variations make it difficult to produce a single map containing information derived from a plurality of databases.
It can therefore be seen that there is a need for a method for generating a composite map from data recorded in a plurality of data bases in different geocoding or geographical coordinate systems.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a method for generating a composite map of geographic locations from a plurality of data bases. Each one of the plurality of data bases identifies a set of geographic sites. Each site in each set is described by geographic coordinate data using various geocoding systems. The sites within a single set may also be recorded in different geocoding systems. The claimed method comprises the steps of inputting the coordinate date of each set of geographic sites into a computer also provided with an application program for generating the map itself, and generating a plurality of maps, each map corresponding to one of the plurality of data bases. Each generated map graphically shows the location of each geographic site within the corresponding data base.
The method further includes the steps of comparing each of the generated maps with the others of the generated maps for consistency of geographic characteristics of the location of each geographic site and correcting any inconsistent coordinate data. By consistency is meant accuracy in site location as well as uniformity between data bases in describing each site in the same geocoding system.
The method also includes the steps of compiling a composite data base including all the corrected geographic coordinate data for each set of geographic
sites within each of the plurality of data bases as well as inputting the composite data base into the computer and generating a composite map of all the locations corresponding to the sites contained in the composite data base.
The plurality of data bases used for generating the composite map may include any information for which a composite map is needed. For example, the present invention is directed to generating a composite map identifying environmentally hazardous geographic locations. Data bases such as the list of Federal Superfund Sites, the National Priority List of Superfund Sites, lists of state superfund sites, state landfill and disposal sites, state hydrocarbon production sites with environmental contamination as well as equivalent local or county listings are all possible data bases which can be used within the present method to generate a composite map correctly identifying all known environmentally hazardous locations. The method claimed herein allows the user to generate a composite map of all the sites identified in a plurality of data bases. The composite map produced by the claimed method is both more accurate and more complete than those which could be produced by the prior "art. These and other advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent from the drawings, discussion, description and claims which follow.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIGURE 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the map generating method of the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a computer generated map of a specific area having geographic sites subject to environmental contamination plotted from geographic coordinate data contained in the Federal Superfund data base;
FIGURE 3 is a computer generated map of geographic sites for the same area as Figure 2 plotted from geographic coordinate data from the Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination data base;
FIGURE 4 is a computer generated map of geographic sites for the same area as Figures 2 and 3 plotted from geographic coordinate data contained in the
Oakland County, Michigan, Listing of Environmental
Contamination data base; and
FIGURE 5 is a composite computer generated map of the area of Figures 2-4 showing all the sites subject to environmental contamination generated by one embodiment of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Referring now to the drawing, Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the map generating method of the present invention. The method generates a composite map of geographic locations from a plurality of data bases, generally indicated at 12, portions of which are
6 shown in tables 1, 2 and 3, respectively, below. Each of the data bases 12 identifies a set of geographic sites by geographic coordinate data using various geocoding systems. For example, the sites in each data base 12 may be recorded by a metes and bounds description, a street address, longitude and latitude description or by a plat description. The sites contained in each data base may correspond to any subject which is capable of being plotted on a two-dimensional map, such as the environmentally hazardous locations including locations near earthquake faults or floodplains, locations of real estate having undesirable characteristics, and in the illustrated embodiment, locations subject to environmental contamination. Other locations may also be plotted.
There is often difficulty, however, in plotting the geographic sites contained within each data base 12. Different geocoding systems may be used to describe the same parcel of real estate which may also be incorrectly recorded. For example, Table 1 lists the geographic locations subject to environmental contamination for one specific area of Troy, Michigan in the Federal Superfund data base.
Table 1: Federal Superfund Data Base Map Reference Site Name Location/Address 14 Acme Dump 3000 Lake Ridge Rd.
16 Smith Tool & Die 12202 Harrison Rd.
Table 2 lists locations subject to environmental contamination for the exact same area in the corresponding state data base. Table 2; State Sites of Environmental Contamination Map Reference Site Name Location/Address 14 Acme Dump 1500 Lake Ridge Rd.
18 Jones Disposal Co. SW 1/4 NE 1/4 Sec.20 20 John's Gas Station 12778 Apple Rd.
Table 3 lists the corresponding county listing of geographic locations subject to environmental contamination for the identical area.
Table 3: County Listing of Sites of Environmental Contamination
Map Reference Site Name Location/Address 14 Acme Dump 1500 Lake Ridge Rd.
22 Hill an Landfill 23333 Boyer Ridge Rd.
As can be seen from the geographic sites identified in each of the above tables, discrepancies exist between locations/addresses as well as the geocodings systems used to describe the sites. Also, the different data bases include different sites even though each data base is meant to include all sites subject to environmental contamination for the same specific area. For example, the state data base of sites of environmental contamination list three geographical sites whereas the federal and county data bases list two sites.
Only one of the sites is the same in all three data bases.
The first step in the present map generating method is to input the coordinate data of each of the sets of sites within the plurality of data bases into a computer 24. This can be done by a computer keyboard 26 wherein an operator manually enters the coordinate data into the computer 24 or by magnetic tape wherein the computer is programmed to read the coordinate data directly from the magnetic tape.
The computer 24 is programmed with a geographic information systems program capable of plotting a plurality of sites in a two-dimensional coordinate system. The geographic information systems program includes commercially available software written in various computer languages. The software can be run on any level computer hardware from a personal computer to a main frame computer. An example of such software is produced by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., of California, under the registered trademark pc ARC/INFO*. The pc ARC/INFOβ system is a vector-based geographic information system software program for storing, managing, analyzing, and displaying spacially oriented geographic data. Similar geographic information systems software are commercially available. The computer is also provided with a database compatible with the geographic information systems program suitable for generating a map of the geographic area involved.
After all of the sets of geographic coordinate data from a data base 12 has been inputted into the microprocessor, the geographic information systems program generates a map of the locations corresponding to each site within that data base. The present method also contemplates manually plotting the geographic sites. Figures 2, 3 and 4 are examples of maps generated by the geographic information systems software for the federal, state and county data bases described above. Map references 14-22 described above have been plotted for an area of Troy, Michigan. Obviously, this area has been chosen as an example only, and is not meant as a limitation upon the present invention. The present invention can be utilized to plot coordinate data for other areas as well. Figure 2 is a map of the sites recorded in Federal Superfund database. Figure 3 is a map of the state sites of contamination and Figure 4 is a map of the county listing of sites of environmental contamination. As shown, the Acme Dump site 14 is plotted on all three database maps, 2, 3 and 4. However, there is a discrepancy between the site address as plotted on Figure 2 and that which is plotted on Figures 3 and 4. Figure 2 locates the site at 3000 Lake Ridge Road while Figures 3 and 4 plot the location address at 1500 Lake Ridge Road. This a common example of inconsistent and inaccurate geographic coordinate data between one or more data bases. Site 16, Smith Tool and Die, is plotted on
Figure 2 but does not appear on Figures 3 and 4. This is a common example of omissions made by government agencies in reporting geographical site data in data bases.
Jones Disposal Company 18, plotted on Figure 3, reports an incorrect section number for the city within which it is located. Verification, as will be discussed in detail below, indicated that Jones Disposal Company 18 is actually located within Section 2, not Section 20 as reported in the state database. This is also an example of inconsistent geocoding within the same data base.
John's Gas Station 20 as shown in Figure 3, provides an address in the database not sufficient for plotting. The actual address for John's Gas Station is South Apple Road, not Apple Road as listed in the database, making plotting impossible. "This is a common example of insufficient reporting of addresses.
The Hillman Land Fill 22 as shown in Figure 4 and listed in the county listing of environmental contamination sites is reported under a completely incorrect street address. Furthermore, the site is not shown in Figures 2 and 3, nor listed in the respective databases. All of the above errors, make it impossible for the geographic information system software to accurately plot geographic coordinate data for sites which aare reported in different data bases.
After the initial computer generated maps 2, 3 and 4 are made by the software, the next step is to compare each of the generated maps with the others of the
generated maps for consistency in plotting the coordinate data. The comparison 30 may be done visually or by a mechanical comparator which compares significant points on one two-dimensional coordinate plot to significant points on another. Also, the initial computer generated maps of Figures 2, 3 and 4 may be plotted on transparent plastic overlays so that one map may be placed directly over another to permit easy visual comparison of locations. Verifying the geographic coordinate data in the plurality of data bases is the next step in the method of the present invention. Verification may be done by physically visiting the site or location or by telephoning the site to request a proper address. After the verification has been completed, the next step is to correct 34 the inconsistent locations/addresses in the data bases. Correction 34 can be done manually and also includes identifying omissions between data bases 12 and rectifying them by supplying proper geocoding to enable accurate plotting of the sites into the geographic information system.
The next step in the method is to compile 36 a composite data base including all of the corrected and verified geographic coordinate data for each set of geographic sites from each data base 12. This can be done by inputting the composite information into the computer 24 through the use of the computer keyboard 26 or through magnetic tape as described above. Table 4
lists the composite data base compiled using the above referenced Federal, state and county data bases 12 for the illustrated example, including the correct geographic coordinate data. Table 4: Composite Data Base of
Sites of Environmental Contamination
Map Reference Site Name Location/Address 14 Acme Dump 1500 Lake Ridge Rd.
16 Smith Tool & Die 12202 Harrison Rd.
18 Jones Disposal Co. S 1/4 NE 1/4 SEC 2
20 John's Gas Station 12778 S. Apple Rd.
22 Hillman Land Fill 2333 Boyer Ridge Rd. The geographic information system software resident in computer 24 then generates a composite map as shown in Figure 5 containing the corrected locations subject to environmental contamination for that particular parcel of real estate. In light of the foregoing, it should be apparent that many variations are possible within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the foregoing drawings, discussion and description are merely meant to be illustrative of particular embodiments of the invention and not limitations upon the practice thereof. It is the following claims, including all equivalents, which define the scope of the invention.
Claims
Claims 1. A method for generating a composite map of geographic locations from a plurality of data bases, each of said plurality of data bases including a set of geographic sites recorded therein by means of geographic coordinate data using various geocoding systems, said method comprising the steps of: inputting the coordinate data of each set of geographic sites into a computer having an application program for generation of maps; generating a map of geographic locations each having geographical characteristics from the coordinate data of each of said sets of geographic sites, said generated map corresponding to one of the plurality of data bases; comparing each of said generated maps with the others of said generated maps for consistency of geographic characteristics of the geographical locations thereon; correcting any inconsistent geographic characteristics; compiling a composite data base of geographic sites including geographic coordinate data corresponding to the correct geographical characteristics for each geographic site; and inputting said geographic coordinate data from said composite data base into said computer to generate
14 a composite map including geographic locations corresponding to the correct coordinate data for each geographic site.
2. The method as in claim 1, further including the steps of verifying the geographic coordinate data of each of said sets of sites.
3. A method for generating a composite map identifying environmentally hazardous geographic locations, said method comprising the steps of: . inputting into a computer having a program for generation of maps, geographic coordinate data from a plurality of data bases, each of said plurality of data bases identifying a set of geographic sites by various geocoding systems; generating a map corresponding to each of said plurality of data bases and having geographic locations having geographic characteristics thereon corresponding to each of said sites identified by the various geocoding systems; comparing each of said generated maps with the others of said generated maps for consistency of geographic characteristics of the geographic locations thereon; correcting any inconsistent geographic characteristics;
15 compiling a composite data base including correct geographic coordinate data corresponding to the correct geographical characteristics for each geographic site; and 5 inputting said composite data base into said computer to generate a composite map including geographic locations corresponding to the correct coordinate data for each geographic site.
4. The method as in claim 3, further including 0 the step of verifying the geographic coordinate data of each of said sets of sites.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US35195689A | 1989-05-15 | 1989-05-15 | |
| US351,956 | 1989-05-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1990014627A1 true WO1990014627A1 (en) | 1990-11-29 |
Family
ID=23383157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1990/002880 WO1990014627A1 (en) | 1989-05-15 | 1990-05-14 | Method for generating maps |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5933990A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990014627A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0526027A2 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-02-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for topographic processing |
| AU639185B2 (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1993-07-15 | Walt Disney Company, The | Animation logistics system |
| WO1994018655A1 (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-18 | Hughes Training, Inc. | Terrain and culture generation system and method |
| EP0619554A2 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-10-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | A method for geo-registration of imported bit-mapped spatial data |
| DE4404795A1 (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-08-10 | Foerderung Angewandter Informa | Automatic recognition of whole bodies from fragments, e.g. archeological artifacts |
| FR2739707A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Editor for updating three-dimensional digital map from photographs |
| WO2001073585A2 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-04 | Provar Inc. | System and method for performing flood zone certifications |
| US7123274B2 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2006-10-17 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Combining drawing system, combining drawing method, and recording medium |
| US7167187B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2007-01-23 | Sourceprose Corporation | System and method for georeferencing digital raster maps using a georeferencing function |
| WO2015108820A1 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and device for detection and spatial mapping of mercury concentration in water samples |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4843569A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1989-06-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Data input apparatus for picture data base management system |
| US4873513A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1989-10-10 | Geodisplay Technology Limited Partnership | Automated map display system |
| US4891761A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1990-01-02 | Mets, Inc. | Method for accurately updating positional information provided on a digital map |
-
1990
- 1990-05-14 WO PCT/US1990/002880 patent/WO1990014627A1/en unknown
- 1990-05-14 AU AU59339/90A patent/AU5933990A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4843569A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1989-06-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Data input apparatus for picture data base management system |
| US4873513A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1989-10-10 | Geodisplay Technology Limited Partnership | Automated map display system |
| US4891761A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1990-01-02 | Mets, Inc. | Method for accurately updating positional information provided on a digital map |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU639185B2 (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1993-07-15 | Walt Disney Company, The | Animation logistics system |
| EP0526027A2 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-02-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for topographic processing |
| US5444618A (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1995-08-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for topographic processing |
| EP0526027A3 (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1995-01-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus and method for topographic processing |
| US5359526A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-10-25 | Hughes Training, Inc. | Terrain and culture generation system and method |
| WO1994018655A1 (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-18 | Hughes Training, Inc. | Terrain and culture generation system and method |
| EP0619554A2 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-10-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | A method for geo-registration of imported bit-mapped spatial data |
| EP0619554A3 (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1995-07-05 | Ibm | A method for geo-registration of imported bit-mapped spatial data. |
| DE4404795A1 (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-08-10 | Foerderung Angewandter Informa | Automatic recognition of whole bodies from fragments, e.g. archeological artifacts |
| FR2739707A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Editor for updating three-dimensional digital map from photographs |
| WO2001073585A3 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2002-05-23 | Provar Inc | System and method for performing flood zone certifications |
| WO2001073585A2 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-04 | Provar Inc. | System and method for performing flood zone certifications |
| US6631326B1 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2003-10-07 | Sourceprose Corporation | System and method for performing flood zone certifications |
| US6678615B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2004-01-13 | Sourceprose Corporation | System and method for performing flood zone certifications |
| US6842698B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2005-01-11 | Sourceprose Corporation | System and method for performing flood zone certifications |
| US7167187B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2007-01-23 | Sourceprose Corporation | System and method for georeferencing digital raster maps using a georeferencing function |
| US7123274B2 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2006-10-17 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Combining drawing system, combining drawing method, and recording medium |
| WO2015108820A1 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and device for detection and spatial mapping of mercury concentration in water samples |
| US10365214B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2019-07-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and device for detection and spatial mapping of mercury concentration in water samples |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5933990A (en) | 1990-12-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6873998B1 (en) | System and method for updating a geographic database using satellite imagery | |
| Marx | The TIGER system: automating the geographic structure of the United States census | |
| US7536025B2 (en) | Process, system, or method for the determination of the percentage of area of a parcel of land available for development or preservation and the production of a report and map therefor on a fixed tangible medium | |
| CN101509783A (en) | Data checking method and device applying to navigation electronic map production | |
| CN103514235B (en) | A kind of method for building up of incremental code library and device | |
| WO1990014627A1 (en) | Method for generating maps | |
| Przewięźlikowska | Legal aspects of synchronising data on real property location in polish cadastre and land and mortgage register | |
| Huxhold et al. | ArcGIS and the digital city: a hands-on approach for local government | |
| CN109308294A (en) | Point of interest input system and method | |
| McMaster et al. | The national historical geographic information system (NHGIS) | |
| CN112883139A (en) | Automatic checking method for spatial data and service data based on GIS vector calculation | |
| CN113722781A (en) | Heterogeneous engineering file display processing device | |
| Lemarié et al. | Cartographic database updating | |
| JP2003223450A (en) | Matching method for address information with position coordinates | |
| Bekker et al. | Quality Control for Crowdsourcing Large Scale Topographic Maps | |
| Moellering | Opportunities for Use of the Spatial Data Transfer Standard at the State and Local Level | |
| Munguia | CREATING A WEB GIS SOLUTION FOR COLLECTING, ANALYZING AND VIEWING GPSED WATER METERS IN TUCSON, ARIZONA | |
| Mancaș et al. | Inspection results map module for a metrological calibration and verification system to support the Smart City Vision | |
| Krogulecki et al. | A prototype decision guide and audit log for preparation of spatial databases | |
| Greaves | GIS and the collection of travel survey data | |
| Payne | Applied Toponymy in the United States | |
| McGowan | Unit 12: Planning a Digitizing Project | |
| Lobo | A Framework for the Detection of Utility Conflicts Using Geo-Spatial Processing | |
| Leyland | Survey of Geographic Base Files | |
| Burrage | The Digital Cadastral Database for Papua New Guinea: Designing a sustainable DCDB in a developing country |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU BR CA JP SU |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |