WO1990012989A1

WO1990012989A1 - Equipment for the utilization of solar energy, especially for the production of electric energy

Info

Publication number: WO1990012989A1
Application number: PCT/HU1989/000016
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gábor GÖDE
Original assignee: Goede Gabor
Priority date: 1988-01-22
Filing date: 1989-04-27
Publication date: 1990-11-01
Also published as: HU51370A

Abstract

The subject of the invention is an equipment for the utilization of solar energy, especially for the production of electric energy, consisting of a paraboloid collector adjustable against the direction of the sunrays, set up of arched segments with double shell construction, turnable on its convex side, around its shaft at least in two directions and supplied in its focus with a receiver, where fixed to the rim of the collector are at least three supports in equal division turned to the focus and fixing the receiver and at least two driving mechanisms connected to the outer surface of the collector; further connected to the receiver and containing also the heat receiver an energy transformer and storage unit. The equipment according to the invention comprises a telescopic main console (5) connected to the collector by a spherical joint (12), supporting the collector (1) at the level of its axis of rotation, enabling the optional turning of the collector (1) between its limiting end positions, fixed at its lower end and operated preferably hydraulically, further the rim (3) of the collector (1) and a circular ring (4) of smaller diameter situated in a parallel plane with the rim (3) are constructionally strengthened, where to the constructionally strengthened rim (3) in equal division at least three tightening ropes (7) are connected, supplied at their upper end with 25 tightening mechanism (9), and fixed at their lower end to the footing (8).

Description

Equipment for the utilization of solar energy, especially for the production of electric energy

Technical Field

The object of the invention is an equipment for the utilization of solar energy, especially for the production of electric energy, consisting of a paraboloid collector cons¬ tructed of arched segments with double shell construction which can be turned on its convex side around a shaft in two directions and having a receiver in its focus. To the collec¬ tor are attached in equal division three supports fixed to the rim and protruding towards the focus and supporting the receiver; further at lea^'st two controlling mechanisms are connected to the outer surface of the collector and to the receiver an energy transformer containing also a heat trans¬ mitter and in a given case an energy storing unit is connec¬ ted as well.

Background Art

One of the most advantageous methods of energy production from the point of environmental protection is the utilization of solar energy and its transformation to another kind of energy conveyable to longer distances. The possibilities hidden in solar energy have already been recognized in ancient times, however its utilization with due efficiency for industrial use has been applied only recently. The reason for this lies in the relatively low density of the radiating energy of the sun, which is diffused and highly depends on the incident rays depending on the geographical location, the season and the time of day. Thus, all varieties starting with a few dozen W/m2 to 1 kW/m2 density and intensity of radiated energy can be found. The fluky nature and periodicity of solar energy flow and its intensity limits the diffused energy.

For the utlization of solar energy in industrial dimen¬ sions the following main process and equipment types are used:

1) The essence of photoelectric (photovoltaic) process is that in the solar elements acting as semi-conductors electric current is induced under the influence of the inci¬ dent rays. The advantage of the system is the capability of direct current production. Its disadvantage is (and therefore it is not competitive from the point of view of energy pro- duction) that the elements are produced from expensive silicon monocrystals , polycrystals of lower efficiency or the mass production of which is difficult to solve. 2) With flat sheet collectors, by heating the water in the pipeline system built into the fixed, flat screens directly put to solar radiation circulation is induced where the hea¬ ted water discharges its heat energy in an exchanger and the evaporated freon produces current in a turbo-generator. (The pumped water discharges its heat energy into the freon in a heat exchanger which (the freon) evaporates. The over- pressurized freon gas expands in a special turbo-generator and will be condensed). Here we talk about a so-called Rankine circulation the heat resource of which is water heated to 60-90 C. The peak efficiency of transforming solar energy in these systems is around 5-11 per cent. These flat collectors in spite of their low thermodynamical efficiency are nevertheless suitable for the supply of electric current in small-scale plants, agricultural centres.

3) The significance of solar energy concentrating equip¬ ment lies in the high temperature to be reached by the opti- cal concentration of solar energy the uppermost theoretical limit of which is 6000 °C. In test plants already 2800 °C temperature has been achieved. The concentration can be realized by moving the collectors to follow the sun. The main types of concentrating equipment are the parabolical, cylind- roparabolical collectors, spherical mirrors and Fresnel-len- ses. According to the literature these systems are more eco¬ nomical as that using a flat sheet collector, since in accor¬ dance with the Carnot-principle the efficiency increases with the concentration and the temperature of the heat resource. With better thermodynamical utilization of the heat energy a specifically higher mechanical output can be achieved. Beside the innumerable advantages of solar energy plants operating according to the Fresnel-principle have the disadvantage that their area demand is very high (3-7 sq. km) and therefore the distance between the heat recipient tower and the heliostats is also high (max. 2 - 3 km), further the intensity of heat and light rays refracted by the mirrors is significantly reduced by the air temperature, air movements and the shading effect of suspended dust specks. During the passing through of the focused rays the air has a certain energy absorbing effect acting as a cooling agent which increases redoubled by the increase of the distance. The greater part of the invest- ment costs make out the expenses for the tanks and the tower serving to store the heat.

The US-PS 4,608,964 describes a suπray collecting, tau¬ tened mirror assembled from segments into a paraboloid sur¬ face the inside of which is coated with reflecting material and in the middle of the paraboloid a circular opening is left. In the opening is situated the heat exchanger tower fixed to the earth. Lifting and lowering of the mirror is executed by tightening ropes led through pulleys fixed to the earth and to the supports fixed to the outer perimeter of the mirror's rim in a circular form. The other end of the ropes is fixed to the tightening drums anchored to the earth. The disadvantage of this solution is that the sun collector (mirror) can be moved only vertically and thus following the movement of the sun is unsolved. The EP-PS No. 0 170 610 describes a parabola mirror assembled from a few pieces in which the inner surface of the paraboloid construction assembled from radial arched rib elements and connected together by radially and cross-strin¬ ged staves is covered by reflecting sheets. Though in this soluiton it is possible to execute an in-situ assembly, but after that it is impossible to shift them into an exact posi¬ tion or to modify their bearing.

The GB-PS No. 2 060 926 describes a sunray utilizing equipment where the collector is situated on a supporting stay fixed to the earth by a spherical bearing on the collec¬ tor's concave surface, and the movement of the collector is done by two driving mechanism one end of which is fixed to the rim of the collector, while the other end to the earth. In this solution the protection against wind load is not solved. It is also impossible to move the relatively high surfaced parabola mirror horizontally in the plane of the earth surface. The aim of this invention is to eliminate the disadvan¬ tages of the known equipments and to create such an equipment taking up minimal land area; in which the distance between the reflecting and heat receiving apparatuses does not even reach a tenth of that in the traditional solar power plants and therefore the losses on account of atmospherical causes can be taken for minimal, further there is no need to build a tower and with this and by the reduction of the dimensions of the very expensive heat storing tanks or by their cheaper execution significant expenses can be economized with equal output. Further, the aim of the invention is to build an equipment which can be equally situated on land or water surface and in which both protection against wind load and rolling sea is ensured.

The invention sets off from the perception that the supporting and driving mechanism of a paraboloid collector of great dimension (100 - 300 m diameter) can be executed simp¬ ler if the collector is made of a light construction, and its transport and assembly can be solved easily, if the structure is built up of module panel elements. A further weight reduction can be achieved by putting up the paraboloid col¬ lector on water. In this solution the unlimited availability of the cooling agent required for the condensation is also solved .

Disclosure of the Invention

The aim of the invention can be achieved most generally by an equipment, where a telescopic positional main console is connected with the collector by a spherical bearing, supporting the collector on-line with its axis of rotation, enabling its discretional turning between the terminus points; the main con-sole being fixed at its bottom and driven hydraulically. FurtTier, the rim of the collector and the circular ring of smaller diameter parallel with the rim has a constructionally strengthened form and where in equal divi¬ sion to the rim at least three tightening ropes are attached, supplyed at their upper end with a tightening mechanism and fixed at their bottom end to the footing. The support or the movement of the collector is advan¬ tageously secured by forming an equipment according to the invention, where along with the rim of the collector and parallel with it, coπstructionally strengthened circular ring, in equal distance to each other at least three tele- scopic driving elements are connected; these are revolving in all directions and are driven hydraulically . Their other end are also revolving and attached to the support.

In an other advantageous embodiment of the equipment as per the invention a second body of revolution, favourably hemisphere or a spherical calotte of lesser surface is formed on the outer surface, axis symmetrically to the collector in a way that the common arc of the two bodies of rotation is lesser than or equal to the strengthened circular ring of the collector. In this case constructional brace elements are situated between the collector and the calotte, and the telescopic main console is connected with it in the common axis of the calotte and the collector.

In another embodiment of the equipment following the movement of the sun, the telescopic driving element is con- nected with the collector by an auxiliary driving mechanism consisting of cog-wheels and toothed bar where the wheels are mounted on the motor shaft connected to a turnable base around the shaft in one direction and controlled by electric signal; the shaft is fixed to the upper end of the telescopic driving element, whereas the toothed bar is connected with the collector by a spherical bearing.

In case of an exceptionally high wind load an advanta¬ geous solution can be achieved by an auxiliary anchoring, wherein on both sides of the collector a tubular tower is fix to the base by tightening ropes and connected to the upper end of the tower by ropes revided in equal distance from each other on the rim of the collector.

The tightening mechanism of the ropes of the present invention is fixed to the rim and consists of a cable drum, transmission drive, driving motor and electromagnetic posi¬ tional fixing device. The hydraulic control unit operating the telescopic main console and telescopic driving elements and the applied tightening mechanisms are supplied with control accesses controlled by electric signals and are con¬ nected to the control system of a computer ensuring electro¬ nic, synchronized control.

The equipment under the invention can equally be situa- ted on land or water. In case of land erection, for instance in a desert, the equipment should be situated in a concrete lined pit of suitable dimensions, under the surface of the earth and having a rim extending preferably over the surface; the pit should correspond to the displacement of the equipment in a way that in its basic position the rim paral¬ lel with the horizon should be at a height over the earth surface. In such a case the collector and the calotte consist of arched fields of equal constructional solution, where the arched fields are formed from arched rib-elements and single ribcarcass and the space among them is filled out with a single layer of lattice-work.

For the protection against sandstorms the pit coated by reinforced concrete shell a protecting wall is applied; encircling the pit preferably in form of a circular ring, being constructed of a few meter high concrete or light structure elements and spragged from inside by supports. For the protection of the collector sunk under the upper rim of the pit coated by concrete shell on both sides a cover sheet is applied which can be drawn to the middle of the pit by a driving mechanism situated on the opposite side and driving ropes of suitable length corresponding with the diameter of the pit; the cover sheet has undercuts corresponding with the supports or is devided into two parts. For the support of the cover sheet props are applied which go through the holes made in the rim of the pit's shell over the earth surface and run parallel with each other or put into the notches made in the concrete shell.

In case of erecting the equipment under the invention on water, the pedestal is situated in all cases under the surfa¬ ce of the water, while the rim of the collector over this. The telescopic moving elements of the collector are covered by flexible, watertight casing of variable dimension and the collector is supplied from its outer surface on the eastern and western side with air bags comprising a plurality of hole chambers separated from each other by walls. The ear bags become gradually thinner towards their edges. In case of necessity the pedestal is situated on stilted footing placed into the lower soil. In the variant situated on water the collector and the calotte is formed of arched fields of equal constructional solution, where all of the fields constituting the collector and the calotte consist of arched, double rib elements. The external and internal rib carcasses are conπec- ted by distance panel elements; the space between the arched rib elements and the panel elements is filled out by a multi¬ layer lattice-work, where the layers are connected to each other by joining elements and covered from the external side by casette elements joining with the rim of the reinforced lattice structure, while the edges of the casette elements and the surfaces of the joining elements on one side are closed by glued, elastic plastic strips. The casette elements are made of synthetic resin reinforced with glass fibre and are preferably glued to the rim. In case of the equipment of the invention being situated on water the regulated water surface is surrounded by a dam provided with sluices and wind abating elements situated on its top. The wind abating ele¬ ments are connected to the dam by fix joining or by tele¬ scopic moving elements driven hydraulically . Out of the equipment under the invention a power plant can also be implemented so that more solar collector will be situated on the regulated water surface surrounded by the dam with sluices. In case of necessity and advantageous configura¬ tion of the terrain, for instance in case of a high seashore, it is expedient to implement beside the power plant, slightly lower than the high tide level a low-lying water reservoir and corresponding to the configuration of the terrain height an upper reservoir, or in case of other water surface, eveπtually in case of disadvantageous configuration of the terrain, a reservoir displaced higher than the natural water level will be connected to it with a water conduit, pumps turbines and generators for the purpose of generating elect- ric energy in the period of peak load or in lack of solar radiation .

The collector applied in the equipment of the invention is covered from inside with reflecting plates being directed to the focus of the collector, having a reflective surface on the concave side, being made preferably of glass fibre rein¬ forced synthetic resin and being fixed on the inner side of the collector by spring screwed connection adjustable through the bores made on the rib elements. The arched rib elements, the distance panel elements, the lattice-works and other constructional elements are also made of a multilayer, glass fibre reinforced synthetic resin basic material and are con¬ nected to each other by bolting or glueing.

The equipment under the invention can be attained in a way that the elements of the heat recipient and energy transforming system will be situated in the receiver, while the heat storage tanks supplied with suitable heat insulating casing and ensuring the short energy storage will be situated in the spherical calotte.

In case of collectors of greater diameter, the equipment under the invention can also be advantageously accomplished so that the heat recipient will be situated in the receiver, and the elements of the energy transforming system and the insula¬ ted heat storage tanks ensuring a short energy storage in the calotte. With this embodiment, the elements of the energy transforming system will be situated in a container kept during the moving of the collector always in a horizontal position, suspended on both sides of the supporting construc¬ tion joined with the calotte and driven hydraulically by tele¬ scopic moving elements. The container is joined to the circu- lar ring of the collector and its rib carcass by one or more shock absorber and to a suitable bracing construction.

Finally, the equipment under the invention can also be coπstructed so that the heat recipient will be situated in the receiver, the elements of the energy transforming system and the heat storing tanks ensuring a short energy storage beside the collector, on a platform over the water surface or in case of mainland displacement outside the concrete lined pit, on the soil level.

The energy transforming system in the equipment under the invention consists of the elements of the Brayton gas-circu¬ lation, i.e. compressor, pre-heater, gas heater and turboge- nerator units or equipment applying liquid sodium as trans¬ mitting agent, consisting of a steam generator, turbogenera¬ tor, condenser, pre-heater feed-water supplier and if requi¬ red heat storage units.

With the energy transforming system built out of equip- ment applying liquid sodium as transmitting ageηt, for the further utilization of the energy released during the conden¬ sation the condenser can also be connected with the equipment of the Rankiπe circulation (evaporator /Rankine boiler/, turbogenerator, condenser) or with the equipment of seawater desalination (for inst. multi-bodied vacuum destillator) . In another advantageous and possible variant of the equipment a hydrogene producing system with transmitting agent is utilized parallel with the energy transforming system or instead of it.

Brief Description of the Drawing The invention is illustrated herebelow in more detail, on basis of the drawing showing examples of the preferred embodimets of the invention, where Fig. 1 shows one of the advantageous embodiments of the supporting and moving construction of the equipment according to the invention, Fig. 2 another advantageous embodiment of the supporting and moving construction of the equipment under the invention,

Fig. 4 a still another embodiment of the supporting and moving construction of the equipment under the invention, Fig. 5 a variant of the equipment under the invention situated in a pit sunk into the earth, Fig. 6 top-view of the protective elements applied in the equipment under the invention, Fig. 7 displacement scheme of the protecting elements according to Fig. 6, Fig. 8 constructional detail of the covering sheets according to Fig. 6, Fig. 9 top-view of the constructional displacement of the protecting wall as per Fig. 6,

Fig. 10a top-view of the supporting bars serving the support of the covering sheet as per Fig. 6, Fig. 10b schematic view of the displacement of the supporting bars in the concrete shell serving the support of the covering sheet as per Fig. 6,

Fig. 11a schematic view of the equipment under the invention situated on water, Fig. lib top-view of the displacement of air bags applied in the variant as per Fig. 11a, Fig. 12 schematic view of the variant of the equipment under the invention, situated on water and supplied with footing, Fig. 13 schematic view of the equipment under the invention situated on water and supplied with protecting dam, Fig. 14a possible embodiment of the protecting dam with wind abating elements applied in the variant of Fig. 13, Fig. 14b another possible embodiment of the protecting dam with wind abating elements applied in the variant as per Fig. 13, Fig. 15 schematic view of the power plant implemented from the equipment under the invention and completed with water reservoir, Fig. 16 schematic view of the tightening mechanism applied with the equipment under the invention, Fig. 17 schematic view of the telescopic moving element with watertight casing applied in the equipment under the invention, situated on water, Fig. 18 schematic view of the telescopic moving element applied in the equipment under the invention, situated on the mainland, Fig. 19 a possible embodiment of the collector's shell construction of the equipment under the invention, Fig. 20 schematic view of the spherical calotte formed under the collector of the equipment under the invention , Fig. 21a cross-section of the spherical calotte of the equipment under the invention, containing the energy transfmoring and storing tanks, in vertical position,

Fig. 21b cross-section of the spherical calotte of the equipment under the invention containing the energy transforming and storing tanks, in inclined position, Fig. 22 arrangement scheme of the energy transforming units situated in the container as per the embodiment according to Fig. 21, Fig. 23 arrangement scheme of the delivery conduits of the transmitting agent starting from the receiver and the receiver itself, contained in the equipment under the invention,

Fig. 24a a possible embodiment for the construction of the receiver applied in the equipment under the invention , Fig. 25 a variant of the equipment under the 'invention situated on water and the energy transforming units put up beside the equipment, Fig. 26 cross-section of. the conduit for the transmitting agent enclosed in the multilayer heat insulating tube applied in the embodiment as per Fig. 25, Fig. 27 view of the inner surface of the collector applied in the equipment under the invention, Fig. 28 the rib carcass filled by a one-layer lattice-work, forming the collector, Fig. 29 the double-walled, filled with multilayer lattice- work rib carcass, forming the collector,

Fig. 30 the interrelation of the distance panels and rib elements applied with the double-walled rib carcass, Fig. 31 the fitting-iπ of the connecting toothed elements covering the end of the distance panel elements, Fig. 32 a possible variant of the extension for the rib elements, Fig. 33 perspective view of the solution as per Fig. 32, Fig. 34 the fittiπg-in of the casette elements covering the outer surface of the double-walled rib carcass, Fig. 35 a further possible variant for the fitting-in of the distance panel elements, Fig. 36 perspective view of the displacement as per Fig. 35, Fig. 37 a possible variant of the crosswise joining of the rib elements, Fig. 38 the connecting element applied with the multilayer lattice-work and Fig. 39 the fixing of the rib elements and the reflecting plates to each other.

Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

On Fig. 1 can be seen the most simple embodiment of the equipment under the invention. On the Figure the collector 1 is supplied at its bottom with a spherical calotte 2. To the calotte 2 from below is connected the telescopic main console 5 hydraulically driven by a spherical joint 12. The bottom end of the telescopic main console 5 is fixed to the footing 13. To the strengthened rim 3 of the collector 1 are fixed the tightening ropes 7 supplied with the truss 9. The other ends of the ropes 7 are fixed to the supports 8. Beside this, three supports 11 fixing in the focus the receiver 10 extending towards the focus are connected to the rim of the collector 1. The main console 5 connecting the spherical joint under the focus point of the collector's shaft may move the collec¬ tor only in vertical direction by moving its hydraulic cylin¬ der. To move sideways is hindered by the fixed position at the bottom of the main console 5. The movement of the collec¬ tor following the movement of the sun is carried out by the tightening ropes 7 of the truss 9 controlled by a computer. In the embodiment illustrated on Fig. 2 the supporting and driving mechanism of the equipment under the invention is so modified that the collector 1 is supplied with a circular ring 4 constructioπally strengthened along the arc contacting the calotte or on a greater arc, where the telescopic moving element 6 hydraulically driven is joined to the circular ring 4 at least by three at equally devided distance and can be turned in either direction. The telescopic moving elements 6 at their lower end can be also turned in either direction and are joined to the footing 13 along the periphery of the strengthened circular ring having the same or greater diame- ter bottom ring, in equal division. In order to have the line of effect of the load coincide with the axis of the piston- rod, the moving elements 6 are suspended on both their ends by spherical joints. At the embedment of the joints the suitable lateral movement is ensured by stops. In the variant illustrated on Fig. 3 beside the tighte¬ ning ropes serving the stabilization of the equipment from the telescopic moving elements only a northern or southern moving element or rigid support 6 can be found on the upper end of which a triangle shaped platform IS with its vertex showing downward and turπable around a shaft, and on the platform an electric drive motor 15 with multistage clutch and controlled by the computer is situated. On the shaft of the motor 15 sits a cog-wheel 16 connected to the toothed bar 17 by the spherical joint 20 of the collector 1. The toothed bar 17 is indented on both sides and at the same height with the cog-wheel 16 driven by the motor 15, on the other side of the bar a free turning cog-wheel pressing close the cog-wheel 16 to the toothed bar is situated.

For the protection of the collector against greater wind pressure or against gusts serves the embodiment according to Fig. 4, where a tower 21 made of rust-proof steel tube is situated perpendicularly to the axis of the collector outside the sphere of the collector's movement and fixed N-S direc¬ tion into a concrete block embedded into the soil. To the rim 3 of the collector 1 a circular ring is connected with bol¬ ting to each vertical, outer rib end to which in a correspon¬ ding number and distance the ends of holding ropes 23 are fixed. The other ends of the ropes are coiled onto the drum a the top of the tower 21 (inside). The drive of the drums is executed by a multistage electric motor with clutch and transmission-gear, controlled by a computer. Into both tower 21 the holding ropes 23 from the opposite side are led and tightened to such a degree that they should not hinder the movement of the collector. The continuous shortening and lengthening (coiling and loosening) of the ropes 23 is synch¬ ronized with the collector's movement. For the stabilization of the tower 21 serves the anchoring by the tightening ropes 22.

The variant of the equipment under the invention sunk into the soil is illustrated in Fig. 5. In a mainland envi¬ ronment rich in solar radiation, for instance in case of setting up in a desert, the equipment will be situated in a concrete lined pit 31, formed under the earth level

30, having suitable dimensions according to the movement of the equipment; the pit has a rim extending over the sur¬ face. In basic position the rim 3 parallel with the horizon is over the soil surface 30. On the horizontal bottom of the concrete lined pit 31 will be situated the hydraulic dri¬ ving mechanisms. The computer can be set up together with the control mechanism and the battery units within the pit of outside. The energy transforming unit 28 will be situated outside the pit over the earth surface 30 and connected by a pipeline to the collector 1 and the receiver 10 situated in its focus. Beside the energy transforming unit 28 will be erected the cooling tower 29 of type Heller serving for the cooling of the condenser. The surface of sand around the pit will be covered by low shrub binding the sand or sui- tably shaped sand retaining screen and culvert. In case of a storm outbreaking a collapsible screen made of light material (plastic) will be drawn over the sunk collector by a driving mechanism.

Fig. 6 to 10 illustrates such protecting elements which in case of mainly mainland, especially desert displacement will be suitable for the protection of the equipment from greater amount of sand, dust. In the embodiment according to the Figure the collector 1 situated in the concrete lined pit 31 is surrounded by a few meters high protecting wall 34 made of concrete or light structural elements 34, strengthened from within by supports 33. For the protection of the collector 1 from contamination, sunk under the upper level of the rim of the concrete lined pit 31, on both sides a covering sheet 38 is applied which has a dimension corresponding to the diameter of the pit 31, coiled on the shaft 35, having on the opposite side a driving mechanism 36 by drawing ropes 37 and can be drawn to the middle of the pit; the covering sheet 38 has undercuts 39 corresponding to the supports 11 of the receiver 10, or is devided into two parts. For the support of the covering sheet 38 props 40 are applied, put through parallel to each other and perpendicu¬ larly to the moving direction of the sheet through the holes made on the rim of the concrete lining of the pit, over the earth surface, or placed into the cuts made on the rim of the concrete lined pit 31.

The moving mechanism 36 performing the movement of the covering sheet 38 can be manually driven, but it might have a driving motor as well. At the meeting point of the covering sheets 38 hooks 41 are situated which slide into each other after drawing the cover sheets 38 together and hinder their slipping .

Fig. 11a shows the equipment under the invention situa- ted on water, where the collector 1 is placed onto a water surface with regulated level in a way that the footing 13 is situated under the water level 42, while the rim 3 of the collector 1 in all cases over the water level 42. The collec¬ tor 1 is supplied from the outside with air bags 44 with hole spaces separated from each other by walls on the eastern and western side; the air bags are continuously thinning towards their edges. On the footing 13 is also situated the hydraulic control unit 43. However, the control unit can be also situated on a platform over the water surface. On Fig. lib the top-view of the air bags 44 is illustrated.

Fig. 12 shows also a variant displaced on water. With this variant the footing 13 is placed on stilted supports 45 embedded into the lower soil. Fig. 13 illustrates variant displaced on water, where the water surface with regulated level 42 is surrounded by a dam 46 with sluices and by wind abating elements placed over it. The wind abating elements 47 are connected to the dam 46 in the variant according to Fig. 14a with fix joining, and to that according to Fig. 14b with pins 48 and with preferably hydraulically driven telescopic moving elements 49. Fig. 13 shows the basic position of the collector 1 in a sunk position, where the rim 3 of the collector 1 is in horizontal plane. This position has to be adjusted during shutdown, from sundown to sunrise or when the wind load and the rolling sea exceeds the permissible value on account of a storm. A further possibility for increasing the protection is given by flooding the collector 1 with water. The level height of the regulated water surface belonging to the solar power plant is controlled by measuring instruments and the re-establishment of the water level is done in case of the level's reduction by opening the sluices, or in case of necessity by pumping water into the reservoir. Fig. 15 shows the power plant implemented from equipments according to the invention, supplemented by a water reser¬ voir. In case of sea water the protecting dam should be constructed at such a height that it should exceed the highest tide and the height of the waves. To the water reser- voir belongs a lower reservoir lying about 1.5-2 m lower than the highest tide (the data referring to the bottom level of the reservoir), from where the contained water will be pumped to the upper one. The fill-up of the lower reservoir with water takes place by lifting the sluices. The water collected in the upper reservoir is discharged during the cloudy hours or peak load first into the lower reservoir through the turbines driving the generators, then at the time of ebb through the turbines driving further generators, back to the sea. Fig.16 illustrates the schematic view of the tightening construction applied in the equipment under the invention, fixed to the rim 3 of the collector 1. The construction 9 consists of cable-drum 24, driving mechanism 25 with trans- mission, driving motor 26 and electromagnetic positioning device 27. The tightening ropes 7 fixed to the footing 8 at their lower end and the tightening devices 9 executing their tightening and slackening ensure the directional and posi- tional stability of the collector 1 even in case of greater wind load. The displacement of the collector 1 to follow the movement of the sun and controlled by a computer and hydrau¬ lically operated telescopic driving elements 6 the tightening ropes 7 have to follow too, therefore the control of the drive motor 26 of the tightening device 9 is also carried out by computer. Slackening of the tightening rope 7 is hindered by the electromagnetic positioning mechanism 27. When a quick movement of the collector is required, the positioning mechanism 27 is lifted by the operating electromagnet, ensuring the free run of the tightening rope 7 from the cable-drum 24. With the equipment situated on water such hydraulically operated telescopic moving elements 6 should be applied which are surrounded as per Fig. 17 by flexible, watertight casing 53 of variable dimensions. In case of mainland disposition, as it can be seen from Fig. 18, there is no need for watertight casing around the moving elements 6. The dimension of the lower 54 and upper 55 spherical joint, and the stopper illustrated on the figure determine the margin of the moving element 6. In the middle variant instead of the lower joint a fix joining can be seen. This corresponds to the telescopic main console 5.

Fig. 19 illustrates one of the possible forms of the collector's 1 shell construction applied with the equipment under the invention. The collector 1 is fixed to the spheri- cal joint 12 embedded onto a suitably dimensioned bronze bushing, connected with the upper end of the main console 5, where in this execution has such a double shell construction where betwen the external and internal wall greater storage spaces are situated limited by bracings. Within this spaces are situated for instance the isolated heat storage tanks 57 ensuring the short time energy storage.

With the embodiment according to Fig. 20 a spherical calotte 2 is formed under the collector 1 of the equip- ent. In this embodiment the spherical joint 12 is connected with the calotte, fixed at the upper end of the main console 5. The space between the collector 1 and the calotte 2 is trussed by aracing struts. In this space are situated the isolated heat storage tanks 57 ensuring the short time heat storage.

The utilization of a spherical calotte 2 of greater dimension is illustrated in Fig. 21a and 21b. In this examp¬ le the isolated heat storage tanks 57 and the container 56 enclosing the energy transforming units are situated in the spherical calotte 2. In order to separate the equipment of the energy transforming system from the sun-following movement of the collector, the container 56 is suspended over its centre of gravity on one side with hydraulically operated telescopic moving elements 59, on the other side with rigid supports connected at its upper end to joints to the support construction 79 connected with the calotte 2. The container 56 is connected to the strengthened circular ring 4 of the collector and the bracing construction 79 suitably formed and connected to the rib carcass of the collector by shock absorbers 58.

The container 56 suspended over its centre of gravity and thus the enclosed energy transforming equipment are always in horizontal position. This is ensured in E-W direction by the suspension, while in N-S direction by the telescopic moving mechanisms 59. During the quick movement of the collector 1, for hindering the eventual wobbling of the container 56 and the resonancy serve the shock absorbers 58. The pipes leading to and from the container are of spiral form and flexible with suitable heat isolation.

On Fig. 22 can be seen the displacement of the energy transforming units in the container 56. Into the container 56 the pipeline for the flow of the transmitting agent 64 through the steam generator 60 is led. The steam generator 60 is connected with the feedwater supply tank 61 with its pump and condenser 63. The steam generator 60 is connected by the prime steam-pipe with the high pressure steam turbine 62a, while the secondary steam-pipe 66 for the steam re-heating with the medium pressure steam turbine 62b. The latter's steam-pipe is led into low pressure turbines 62c from where the expanded steam is delivered through pipeline 67 to the condenser 63. The steam turbine with common rotation axis is connected with the generator 62d. The pipeline 69 delivering the cooling agent serving for the cooling of the condenser 63 is also led through the container 56 is continued in a flexible form.

The hot sodium as transmitting agent evaporates the water in the steam generator 60 and overheats the generated steam. The overheated steam flows at a temperature of 538 C into the high pressure steam turbine 62a, where it expands. The steam will be heated up to the required temperature in a re-heater - heated by the drawπ-off steam of the high pressure turbine or by the heat exchanger (steam generator) inserted into the sodium cycle - and the re-heated steam operates the medium pressure steam turbine 62b. This latter turbine's discharging steam is expanded to condensation pressure by the low pressure steam turbines 62c. Their discharged steam is precipitated in the condenser 63 and the feedwater from there is pumped to the regenerative feedwater pre-heaters from where the feedwater heated to suitable temperature will be pumped back to the steam generator 60 and with this the cycle is completed. The turbines drive the suitably dimensioned electricity generating generators. A smaller portion of the generated current serves for the operation of the system, while an ovεrwhealming part of it for the production of hydrogεne or feeding it into the electric network, and in peak period a part of it serves for the operation of the energy storing pump. The energy transformation can be naturally realized by the equipment of the Brayton-cycle as well. The description of the equipment of the Brayton-cycle and their operation can be found among other in the No. 45 of the Science & Tεchnic for 1977 under the heading "Centrale thermodynamique solaire" and in the No. 160 of the Fortschrittberichte der VDI Zεitschriften for 1984 under heading "Dptimierung von solar beheizten Hohlraumstrahlungsempfangεrn mit Paraboloidkollek- toren" .

Fig. 23 shows the layout of the pipeline 64 delivering the transmitting agent, setting out from the receiver 10 and the receiver 10 itself. The pipεlinε for thε transmitting agent 64 run for a certain distance in the hollow of the supports 11, then led through a hole to the axis point of the paraboloid collector 1 and from there again through a hole into the inside of the calotte 2 and end in the heat exchan¬ ger tank or tanks of the steam generator. In the recεiver of the collector 1 set against the sun, in the pipe system of the heat transmitting sheets sodium will be heated up and when its temperature reaches 593 °C the εlectromagnetic pumps at the discharge end of the sheets start to operate, control opens the valves and deliver the hot sodium into the pipelinε of the transmitting agent 64. Therefrom the hot sodium gets through a throttle into the steam generator 60, where the heat energy is discharged, and the cooled sodium is pumped back through the ascεnding pipε 64 into the pipeline system of the heat receiving sheets of the receiver 10, thus closing the sodium cycle. On the approach of the midday hours, when the intensity of solar radiation and the flow speed of the sodium cycle reaches a determinεd valuε, the regulating valvε at the bottom of the pipeline 64 delivεring the hot sodium opens the feeding pipeline of the heat storage tanks and thus starts the gradual filling of the tanks and lasts until the final filling of the "hot" tanks (excεpt the casε of temporary clouding) .

In case of temporary clouding the regulating valve opens the way of the hot sodium from the heat storing tank to the steam generator 60 and it will be pumped from thε hot hεat storagε tanks through the heat generator into the εmpty sodi¬ um storage tanks. This process continues until the intensity of the solar radiation does not reach a respectivε lεvel, or until thε hot sodium containεd in the storage tanks is not spεnt. After the temporary clouding is reducεd or finished the original sodium cyclε is reset by the regulating valve. The feεd back of the sodium having lost its heat energy is regulated by the valve and the pumps delivers it from the steam genεrator 60 and thε cold sodium tanks into the recei¬ ver 10 containing the heat receiver 68.

After operation the pipeline in the receiver, further the pipelinε for thε transmitting agεπt conπεcting thε tanks, the receiver and the steam generator have to be emptied. The hot sodium from one of the heat storage tank will be pumped before the morning shift into the pipelinε of thε receivεr and the tanks contained in it. Fig. 24a illustrates thε rεcεivεr 10, whεrε thε εnergy transforming units, for inst. the steam generator 60, the feed water supply tank supplying the generator with pre¬ heated feedwater, the turbogenerator 62 transforming thε stεam energy (overheated steam) produced in the generator and connectεd with it, further the condenser 63 coupled with the turbogenerator 62 are situated in the pit over the pipline of the heat rεcεiver 68. The condenser for the supply of the required cooling liquid for its operation is connected with the cooling tank situated under the water level by pipeline formed inside the receiver. The receiver 10 is in an arched, conical body of revolution containing a concave truncated cone from inside. The dimension of the aperture and depth (surface) of the hole made in the receiver 10 is - taking into consideration thε quantity (amount) of the concentrated energy - so determinεd that the enεrgy amount per one square meter of the black, concave truncated cone surface of the receivεr should not cause a higher temperaturε flux than 2 MW/sq.m in ordεr to rεduce the thermic stress of the heat receiving pipes 68 on the surface. The recessed heat receiver is supplied with radial heat exchanger surfaces in a way that the half meter wide and one meter long sheεts arε shaped into segmεnts of truncatεd coπε. Each shεet containes small diameter pipes (their inner dia being 2 cm) welded together a fitting membranε of truncated cone. On thε rear side of the flat wall of the pit shaped as a concave truncated cone, the pipes led very near to each other and led spiralically are also welded onto a membranε. The solar rays collεctεd from thε rεflecting surface of the paraboloid collector and concεπtratεd in its focus strikε against the inner surface of the heat recεivεr, whεre the black cover collects the heat. The sodium cooling liquid entering the central leading opening of the sheet at a temperature of about 320 °C, will be hεatεd up and delivers the hεat. Thε sodium flow's temperature is controlled between the sheets by electromag¬ netic sensors in order to have the temperature of the hot sodium at thε dischargε opnεings at 593 °C, not regarding the changes of the solar rays' intensity. The inner (rεar) sidε of thε sheets arε insulatεd in thε interest of reducing thermic losses.

According to the variant illustrated in Fig. 24b only the pipεline of the heat receiver 68 and the coππectεd elemεπts in a narrower sense are located in the receiver 10. Thesε arε thε collector tank 70 connected to the^' pipline of the heat recεiver 68, the degasifiεr valve 71 and the equalizεr tank 72 connεctεd to thε collector tank 70. The degasifier valve 71 serves during filling the removal of the air, later the evolving gas bubbles and the pressurε εqualization of thε system.

Fig. 25 shows the variation of the equipmεπt undεr the invention located on water, where the energy transforming units are placεd on stilted support 78 embeddεd undεr thε watεr surfacε onto a rεinforcεd coπcrεte footing. These are: the stεam gεnεrator 60, the turbogenerator 62, the feedwater tank 61, The condenser 63 and the heat storage tanks 57. The heat receiver and the steam generator are connεctεd by a flεxiblε pipe of the transmitting agent 64 with multilayer isolation, led through the lowermost point of the calotte 2; wherε thε pipeline starts from the heat rεceivεr and bεlongs to thε sodium cyclε. In this solution thε collector equipmεπt located directly along each other can also be connectεd to thε common εnergy transforming equipment.

The pipe of the transmitting agent 64 led through the bore of thε bottom part of thε calottε 2 with watεrtight sealing and fixed by supporting elements is helically shaped following the movement of the collector 1 and so that in case of the utmost turning of the collector the elongation of the pipeliπe should be without any stress. The advantage of this solution is that the location of the energy transforming units is independent of the collector's movement and occurs in a stable, fixed way. Fig. 26 illustrates a detail of the pipεlinε-sεction , lεd under the watεr surface, surrounded by multilayer isolation serving for the delivery of the transmitting agent 64, appliεd in thε εmbodimeπt according to Fig. 25. The pipeline for the transmitting agent 64 is surrounded by heat isolation tubes 73 and 74. This multilayer pipeline is placed into a helical, felxible tube 76 so that betwεεn thε heat isolating tube 74 and the tube 76 distance elements 75 are located. In the outer, watertight metal tube 77 is located the helical pipeline for the transmitting agent 64 with multilayer isolation.

Fig. 27 shows the construction of the inner surface of the collector applied in the equipment under the invention. The arched constructional elements required for the collector are made of epoxy-resine strεngthεned with multilayer glass fibre. The carcass of the collector is composed of vertical and horizontal arched rib elements 81 connected to each other by dowel pins and glueing. The inner rib carcass shaped as a netting is strεngthεnεd by transverse bracing ribs 83. On the inner surface of the ribs 81 are bore holes 85 located perpendicularly, at regular distance from each other. For the covering of the trapeze surface formed by the ribs 81 intersecting each other pεrpendicularly reflecting sheets 84 made of synthetic rεsin and strεngthened by glass fibre, their inner surface having a concave surface are located at the bore holes 85 by elastic bolting. The sheets extend to the axis 82 of the ribs 81.

Fig. 28 shows one of the arched fields constituting the collector and the spherical calotte, where the trapezoid surface bordered by the rib elements 81 is filled out by a siπgle-layεr trellis 87. The partial fields of the trellis 87 having also trapezoid shaped arched fields are supplied in case of the collector located on water, by external watertight covering. The watertight cover consists of casεtte elemεπts 92 fixεd into thε rim 95 on the edge of the trεllis 87 and glued to the edges by plastic isolating strips 93. The fitting-in of the casette elemεnts 92 to thε rim 95 of thε rib εlements 81 and their covering by plastic strips 93 is illustrated in Fig. 34.

Fig. 29 shows a detail of the collector formed from the rib carcass filled out with double-walled, multilayεr trεllis. In this variant thε innεr and outεr rib carcass is connεctεd by distancε panel elements 86, while the single layers of the multilayer trellis 87 by joining elements 94 made out of tubes having at thεir εnds transvεrsal cuts, as shown in Fig. 29.

Fig. 30 illustrates the connection of the distance panels applied in the double-walled rib carcass and the rib elεmεnts. Thε distance panεl εlεmεnts 86 joining on both sidεs the outer and inner ribs 81 constitute sandwich- elements joined to each other by indented joining elements shown in Fig. 31. The ends of the ribs 81 have a pinned 88 form and are fixεd to εach other by glueing. During assembly the forced glueing material through the bore holes 85 serves for the rigid, solid fixing.

Fig. 32 and 33 show a possible variant for the elongation of the rib elements 81, where they are shaped by hollow and pinned ended bores. After fitting togεthεr and gluε prεssεd into thε borε holεs 85 the full stability of the fitted together elements can be secured.

With the variant illustrated on Fig. 35 the distance panel elemεnts 86 arε fittεd together by toothed εnd. On Fig. 36 parallel with the toothed part a line of bores with quadratic openings are madε, fitting to thε pinned end of the distance holder 86 placed vertically. In this variant the horizontal and vertical ribs 81 arε joined by connecting elεmεnt 96.

Fig. 37 shows another possible coππεctioπ of the rib elements in a crosswise way. In this variant thε horizontal and vertical ribs 81 having pinned and dented ends are conπεctεd with εlεments 97 having pins and bores. Thε orientation of the paraboloid collεctor concentrating the solar energy into the central computer is ensurεd by the run of the programme previously set according to the geographycal location, the calendar day and the daily schedule, further by thε signals given from the one-one pair of photodiodes mounted to the upper rim of the collector and oriented E-W and N-S. The photodiodes are used for correcting the failures arising out of the eventual inaccuracy of the computer programme.

The hydraulic system is most suitable in the form of a closed cycle with variable flow and direction, synchronized, slow and quick, ungraded, suitable for speed controlled movemεπt with direction switch and with single operated cylinders and brake-switch.

The data storage of the central computer contains a programme corresponding to the geographycal location

(geographycal coordinates), to all days of the full calendar year and within thε days to the starting and finishing time of operation, to the time-divioπs (schεdule) within the programme (period of day, hour, minute). The computer will select out of these previously input programme elaborated to the calendar year the daily operational programme and starts it in the morning. The automatic control according to the programme can be set into manual control in case of necessity (for instance longer, early morning clouding over, rain etc.).

At the time of a storm or a greater wind pressure being over the pεrmissiblε value, the positioning of the paraboloid collector into horizontal basic position, or in casε of a brεak-dowπ its setting into an opposite direction against the sun, or in case of emergency the flooding of the collector synchronized with its lowering is carried out by thε computer as well.

The control, steering and counterchεckiπg tasks rεquirεd for the fully automatic operation of the solar εnεrgy plant is carried out by a high-output computer with a grεat storing capacity and εnsures thε sεlf-rεgulation of thε system.

The computer is connected to a highly exact watch, to a wind-pressure meter and other measuring instruments, further to all operating εquipments of a solar power plant. Beside the operating computεr there is also a stand-by one, which in case of a breakdown of the first, takes over automatically all control, operational functions of the faulty computer. The equipmεnt according to the present invention due to its location and other advantageous possibilities can be especially beneficial for the production of hydrogeπe. According to this, a hydrogεπε producing systεm with transmitting agent is situated parallel or instead of the energy transforming system applied in the equipment according to the invention. The system may operate for instance by thε hybrid electrolysing process of Z. Takehara & S. Yosizawa or by the so-called Yokohama cycle. With the equipment of the invention a part of thε sodium hεatεd up in the receivεr will be pumped into the hydrogenε producing equipment, and the coolεd down sodium will be pumped back into the recεiver.

One of the possible methods of further utilization of the freεd hεat εnergy in the coπdεnsεr is to supply thε seewater desalinating equipment with energy. For this purpose ultibodied vacuum distillers are most advantagεously usεd. In another possible variant this energy can be utilized in a further energy producing cycle, the so-called Raπkiπe-cycle. The advantages of using light structural material can be further couplεd with advantagεs, like the great strength realized by fibre strengthening, during the production of the elements the dimensional accuracy and at the assembly in situ the lasting, rigid connenciton ensurεd by glueing and finally the resistaπcε against corrosion. The invention ensurεs the condensation causing well- known serious problems in other kinds of power plants, locating the equipmεnt on water by utilizing the unlimited, available amount of cooling agent, at a very cheap investment and coupled with other kind of enεrgy utilizing solutions (sεe-water dεsalination or Rankinε-cyclε) .

Claims

Claims :

1. Equipment for the utilization of solar energy, especially for the production of electric energy, consisting of a paraboloid collector adjustable against the direction of the sunrays, set up of arched segments with double shell construction, turπable on its convex side, around its shaft at least in two directions and supplied in its focus with a recεiver, whεrε fixed to the rim of the collector are at least three supports in equal division turned to the focus and fixing thε rεcεivεr and at least two driving mechanisms connected to the outer surface of the collector; further connected to the receiver and containing also the heat rεceiver an επεrgy transformer and storage unit, characteri¬ zed in that connected to the collector (1) by a spherical joint (12), supporting the collector (1) at the -same level at its axis of rotation and enabling the optional turning of the collector (1) between its limiting end positions, fixed at its lower end, hydraulically operated telescopic fixing main console (5) is situated, further that the rim (3) of the collector (1) and the circular ring (4) of smaller diameter situated in a parallel plane with the rim (3) is construc- tionally strengthenεd, where to the constructionally streng¬ thened rim (3) in equal division at least three tightening ropes (7) are connectεd, supplied at their upper end with tightening mεchanism (9), and fixεd at their lower end to the footing (8).

2. Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that along the constructionally strengthened circular ring (4), formed parallel with the rim (3) of the collector (1) in equal division at least three telescopic moving elεmεnts (6) are connected, operating hydraulically and turπable in each direction, while their other ends are coπnεctεd turnablε in εach direction to the footing (13) along the perimeter of a basic circle of a diameter equal to or grater than the diameter of the constructional strengthened circular ring (4).

3. Equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the external surface of the collector (1) axially symmertical with it another body of revolution, preferably a hemisphere or a spherical calotte (2) of lesser surface is formed so that the common arc of the two bodies of revolution has the same dimension or smaller than the streπgthεnεd circular ring (4) of thε collεctor (1), further that in the space surrounded by the collεctor (1) and thε spherical calotte (2) constructional bracing elεmεnts (14) arε situatεd, whilε thε telescopic main console (5) is connεctεd to thε calottε (2) in thε common liπε of axis of the calotte (2) and the collector (1).

4. Equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that the telescopic moving elεments (6) are connεctεd by an auxiliary moving mechanism consisting of gears (16) and gear bar (17) to the collector (1), where the gears (16) are situated on the shaft of the motor (15) fixed to thε platform (19) turnable in one direction around a shaft (18) coπnectεd to thε uppεr εnd of thε tεlεscopic moving element (6), while the gear bar (17) is connected to the collector (1) with a sphεrical joint (20).

5. Equipmεnt according to any of claims 1 to 4, characteri¬ zed in that beside the collector (1) on two sides a tubular towεr (21) is fixεd to the footing (8) by tightening ropes (22), and to the uppεr εnd of the tubular tower (21) suppor¬ ting ropes (23) are coπnεctεd along thε rim (3) of thε col- lector (1) in equal division.

6. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 5, characteri¬ zed in that the tightening mεchanism (9) of thε tightεning ropε (7) is attached to the strengthεπεd rim (3) and that the tightening mechanism (9) consists of a drum (24), gear drive (25), drive motor (26) and electromagnetic position-fixing device (27).

7. Equipmεnt according to any of claims 1 to 6, charactεri- zed in that the hydraulic control unit operating the telesco¬ pic main console (5) and the telescopic moving elεments (6), and the applied tightening mechanisms (9) are supplied with control inputs controlled by electric control signals and that thesε inputs are connected to computer controlled elect¬ ronic control system ensuring synchronized control.

8. Equipment according to any of claims 2 to 7, characteri¬ zed in that it is located in a coπcrεtε linεd pit (31) having a rim extending over the soil level, the pit being of suitable dimensions according to the shifting dimensions of the equipment in such a way that in basic position the rim (3) being parallel with the horizon will be over the soil levεl (30), furthεr that the collector (1) and the spherical calotte (2) consist of arched fields of equal constructional solution (50), and where all of the arched fields (80) coπs- tituting the collector (1) and the spherical calotte (2) are formed from a single rib carcass built of arched rib elεmεnts (81) and that thε space surrounded by the rib elεmεnts (81) is filled-in by a single layer of trεllis (87).

9. Equipmεnt according to claim 8, charactεrizεd in that for thε protεction of the concrete lined pit (31) against sand storms a protecting wall (34) is applied spragged from within by props (33) and constructεd from light construction ele¬ ments (32) of a few meter height surrounding the pit in a circlε; furthεr that for the protection of the collector (2) against pollution having been sunk under thε upper rim of the concretε linεd pit (31) on both sides a covering sheet (38) of suitable diameter with respect to the pit length, the sheεt bεing rollεd onto a shaft (35), drivεπ by driving ropes (37) and drivε mechanism (36) located on the opposite side and can be drawn to the middle line of thε pit: thε shεet has undercuts (39) corresponding to the supports (11) of the recεivεr (10) or is divided into two parts, further for thε support of the cover sheet (38) props (40) arε applied and drawn through the bore holes shaped on the rim over the soil level (30) of the concrete lined pit (31), perpεndicularly to thε shifting dirεction of thε covεr shεεt (38), or placεd into the gaps formed on the concrete shell.

10. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the collector (1) is located on a water surface (42) with regulated level so that the footing (13) is situated under the water surface (42), while the rim (3) of the collector (1) in each.case over thε watεr lεvel (42); the telescopic moving elements (6) moving the collector (1) are aurroundεd by flexible, watertight casing (53) of variable dimension and that the collector is furnished from outside with air bags (44) on thε Wεsterπ and Eastεrn side, with holes separated from each other, gradually thinning towards their edge and the footing (13) is placed onto heightεniπg supports (45) embeddεd into thε lower earth layer; further that the collector (1) and the spherical calotte (2) is formed by arched fields (80) of equal constructional solution, wherε all of thε archεd fields (80) constituting the collector (1) and the spherical calotte (2) consist of rib carcass built from double, arched rib elements (81), the external and internal rib carcass are connected by distance panel elεmεπts (86), thε spacε εnclosεd by the double, archεd rib εlεmeπts (81) and the distance panel elements (86) is filled up by a multilayer trellis (87), the layers being connected to each other by connecting joints (94) and closed from the outsidε by casette elements (92) fitting onto the rim of thε trellis (87) and the rib elemεnts (81), while the edges of the casette elemεnts (92) and thε surface of the connecting elemεπts arε covεrεd on oπε sidε by εlastic, plastic strips (93) with gluεd surface and where the casette elεmεπts (92) arε adε of synthεtic rεsiπ strεngtheπed with glass fibrε and are prefεrably gluεd to thε rim surface.

11. Equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that thε water surfacε (42) of rεgulatεd level is surrounded by a dam (46) with sluices and wind abating elemεnts (47) placεd on top of the dam where the elements (47) are connected to the dam (46) by fix joints or pins (48) and have preferably hyd¬ raulically driven telescopic moving elεmεnts (49).

12. Thε εquipmεπt according to claim 11, characterizεd in that onto thε watεr surfacε of regulated level (42) surroun¬ ded by a dam (46) with sluices more solar collectors consti¬ tuting a power plant are located to which powεr plant - in casε of necessity and advantageous configuraion of the terrain (i.e. a high seasidε coast) - a suitably situatεd lowεr watεr reservoir under the tide lεvεl and an uppεr watεr reservoir (50) situated a.t a suitable height to the confi¬ guration of the terrain is built, or in case of disadvanta- gεous configuration of the terrain or other water surface a single water resεrvoir situated higher than the level of the natural water surface is located with a pipeline and pumps which have for the peak load or cloudy whethεr turbinεs and gεnerators and discharge tubes for the production of elεctric energy .

13. Equipment accorciπg to any of claims 1 to 12, characte¬ rized in that the collector (1) is covered inside by reflec¬ ting plates (84) turned to its focus, made of synthetic resin and strengthened with glass fibre, which have a rεflecting surface on their concave side and are fixed on the inner surface of the collector (1) by spring bolts adjustable through the bores (85) made on the rib elεmeπts (81), further the archεd rib elemεnts (81), the distance panel elements (86), the trellises (87) and the other constructional ele¬ ments are madε of synthetic resin basic material strengthened with glass fibre and are connected to each other with pin bolts and preferably glueing.

14. Equipment according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the elεments of the heat receiver (68) and of the energy transforming system arε situated in the recεivεr (10), while the heat storage tanks (57) supplied with suitable heat insulating cover, ensuring the short energy storage are located in the spherical calotte (2).

15. Equipment according to claims l.to 13, charactεrized in that the heat recipient (68) is located in the recεivεr (10), while the lements of thε energy transforming system and the heat storage tanks ensuring the short enεrgy storagε (57) arε located in the spherical calotte (2) in a way that the ele- mεnts of the enεrgy transforming system are located prefe¬ rably by telεscopic moving elements (59) on the support construction (79) coππεctεd with the calotte in a container (56) suspended on both sides by its part over the point of gravity and kept during thε movεment of the collεctor in a horizontal position, where the container is connected to the circular ring of the collector by one or more shock absorber (58) and to the suitably constructed stiffening structure connected to the circular ring and rib carcass.

16. Equipmεnt according to claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the tieat rεcipieπt (68) is located in the receiver (10), while the elements of the enεrgy transforming systεm and thε heat storage tanks (57) ensuring the short energy storage, with isolatεd walls arε situated on a support over the water surface or in case of mainland location on the soil level (30) outside the pit (31).

17. Equipmεnt according to claim 14, characterized in that the energy transformer system consists of the equipment of Brayton's gas cycle, i.ε. condenser, preheater, gas heatεr and turbogεπεrator units.

18. Equipmεπt according to any of claims 14 to 16, charactε- rizεd in that thε energy transforming system consists of equipment applying liquid sodium as transmitting agent, i.e. steam^' gεnerator (60), turbogenεrator (62), coπdεnsεr (63), fεεdwater supply (61) and as per rεquirεment of heat storage (57) units.

19. Equipment according to claim 18, characterizεd in that thε coπdεπser is coπnectεd with thε εquipmεπt (Rankine- boiler, turbogenεrator and condenser) of the Rankinε's cyclε.

20. Thε equipment according to the claim 18, characterized in that the condeπsεr is connεcted with a seawater desalinating equipment.

21. Equipment according to any of claims 1 to 19, characte- rized in that parallεl with thε energy transforming system or instead of it a hydrogene producing system with transmitting agent is appliεd.