WO1989008047A1 - Sailing vessels - Google Patents

Sailing vessels Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1989008047A1
WO1989008047A1 PCT/GB1989/000206 GB8900206W WO8908047A1 WO 1989008047 A1 WO1989008047 A1 WO 1989008047A1 GB 8900206 W GB8900206 W GB 8900206W WO 8908047 A1 WO8908047 A1 WO 8908047A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
sail
spar
luff
pivot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1989/000206
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gonzalo Fernandez Puentes
Original Assignee
Lamb, John, Baxter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lamb, John, Baxter filed Critical Lamb, John, Baxter
Publication of WO1989008047A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989008047A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B63H9/10—Running rigging, e.g. reefing equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B1/125—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising more than two hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
    • B63B2015/0025—Bipodded masts, e.g. A-type masts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
    • B63B2015/005—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull
    • B63B2015/0075—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull with mast foot adapted for being moved, e.g. athwartship

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sailing vessels and. more especially, to rigs for sailing vessels.
  • the present invention provides a sailing vessel, generally a multi-hulled vessel such as a catamaran or trimaran, provided with a generally triangular sail attached to a luff spar, the luff spar being supported (i) at or adjacent its lower end by support means permitting transverse movement of the lower end of the spar across the vessel in the forward part thereof; and (ii) at a point above its lower end by of pivot located above the first support means, the pivot being supported on a support structure fixed to the hull of the vessel.
  • a sailing vessel generally a multi-hulled vessel such as a catamaran or trimaran, provided with a generally triangular sail attached to a luff spar, the luff spar being supported (i) at or adjacent its lower end by support means permitting transverse movement of the lower end of the spar across the vessel in the forward part thereof; and (ii) at a point above its lower end by of pivot located above the first support means, the pivot being supported on a support structure fixed to the hull of the vessel.
  • the first, lower support means (i) will generally comprise a tube or rail, which may be straight or curved, extending generally across the vessel towards the bow thereof.
  • the support structure bearing the pivoted support (ii) may be mounted forward or abaft the first lower support means (i).
  • Figures 1 and 2 are plan and side views, respectively, of a catamaran rigged in accordance with the invention, the supporting structure being mounted abaft the lower support means;
  • Figures 3 and 4 are plan views (omitting the sail and luff spar) of trimarans rigged in accordance with the invention.
  • Figures 5 and 6 are a side view and plan view respectively of a catamaran rigged in accordance with the invention and provided with support means mounted forward of the lower support (ii); and
  • Figures 7 and 8 are a plan view and side view respectively of a trimaran rigged in accordance with the invention and having a pair of headsails.
  • numeral 1 represents a hull of a vessel
  • numberal 2 represents a transverse rail (forming the lower support) on which is slidably mounted luff spar 3 bearing sail 4, luff spar 3 being pivotably mounted at pivot 5 on support structure 6 attached to the hull or hulls 1.
  • Additional sails e.g. headsails, are indicated by humeral 7.
  • the drawings are substantially self-explanatory but, with reference, for example, to Figures 1 and 2, it will be appreciated that the attitude of the sail 4 will be controlled (a) by the position of the lower end of luff spar 3 upon rail 2, (i.e.
  • the sail is a soft sail but, of course, other forms of sail such as a wing sail, rigid sail or semi-rigid sail may be employed, provided that it has a luff spar (or equivalent member) mounted as described above.
  • the rig of the invention is so arranged that the foot of the sail is generally parallel and close to the water. Furthermore under conditions of maximum heeling torque (i.e. close hauled and/or in strong winds) the sail leans in towards the wind (i.e. acts as a so-called "inverted" sail) with its foot directly above the water on the leeside of the vessel and its upper apex leaning towards the centre of resistance of the vessel so that the resultant force passes through the centre of resistance or nearby thus markedly reducing heeling torque and, also, producing a lifting force.
  • maximum heeling torque i.e. close hauled and/or in strong winds
  • the sail leans in towards the wind (i.e. acts as a so-called "inverted" sail) with its foot directly above the water on the leeside of the vessel and its upper apex leaning towards the centre of resistance of the vessel so that the resultant force passes through the centre of resistance or nearby thus markedly reducing heeling torque and, also, producing a lifting force.
  • (1) - the crew can be on the weather side (as is conventional in sailing vessels);
  • the inclination of the sail can be increased by leaning the supporting structure to weather and thereby decreasing heeling torque and increasing : lifting force, alternatively the inclination of', the sail may be increased by sliding the pivot across the support structure, sliding the foot of the sail or simply by letting the sheet go;
  • the sail can be adapted to be reefable, preferably by rotation of the luff spar, alternatively reefing may effectively be achieved by allowing the foot of the sail and the lower end of the luff spar to rise, to bring the sail more horizontal;
  • the hulls of a catamaran, or floats of a trimaran can be assymetric in order to generate the desired lift and/or may be provided with hydrofoils;
  • - leeboards may be raised or lowered, as appropriate, when tacking.
  • the intermediate hull can be used to reduce the drawbacks due to the distance between the two hulls of a catamaran, namely provision of a fixed structure for calm waters and a flexible structure for choppy waters.
  • the rig of the invention may be provided with an additional headsail supported by a stay or span forward of the main luff spar connected at its upper end to the said main luff spar and at its lower end to a strut or boom extending forwardly of the main luff spar and attached to the lower part thereof.
  • a headsail would have sheets to control, in a conventional manner, and its luff would, of course, move with main luff- spars,
  • the lower support (i) of the luff spar will be forward of the pivoted support (ii), as indeed is shown in the drawings.
  • the luff spar may suitably be substantially vertical as viewed from the side.
  • the vessel of the invention is undirectional.
  • the sails and hulls are independent in that the attitude of the sails is not controlled by moving a hull or float, i.e. the luff or clew of a sail is not attached to a moveable hull or float.
  • the support means at or adjacent the lower end of the luff spar can comprise more than one rail or tube. This construction might facilitate control of the horizontal angle of the sail.
  • the support structure which supports the pivot means supporting the luff spar at the point above its lower end can be rigidly fixed to the hull of the vessel.
  • the support structure may be fixed to the hull using an articulated connection.
  • the pivoting point itself does not need to be a fixed point.
  • the pivot connection will be capable of sliding up and down, along the luff spar, and transversely and horizontally along the upper part of the support structure.
  • the foot of the sail is close to the water. This arrangement brings down the centre of effort, and permits lee hull to absorb non-zero heeling torques. If under extreme conditions there is a sudden gust of wind, and it is not possible to move the pivot to weather, then the sheet can be let go, or the foot of the luff spar can be allowed to lift.

Abstract

A sailing vessel is provided with a generally triangular sail (4) attached to a luff spar (3), the luff spar being supported (i) at or adjacent its lower end by support means (2) permitting transverse movement of the lower end of the spar across the vessel in the forward part thereof; and (ii) at a point above its lower end by pivot means (5) the pivot being supported on a support structure fixed to the hull of the vessel.

Description

"Sailing Vessels"
The present invention relates to sailing vessels and. more especially, to rigs for sailing vessels.
Basically the present invention provides a sailing vessel, generally a multi-hulled vessel such as a catamaran or trimaran, provided with a generally triangular sail attached to a luff spar, the luff spar being supported (i) at or adjacent its lower end by support means permitting transverse movement of the lower end of the spar across the vessel in the forward part thereof; and (ii) at a point above its lower end by of pivot located above the first support means, the pivot being supported on a support structure fixed to the hull of the vessel.
The first, lower support means (i) will generally comprise a tube or rail, which may be straight or curved, extending generally across the vessel towards the bow thereof. The support structure bearing the pivoted support (ii) may be mounted forward or abaft the first lower support means (i). In order to permit of transverse movement of the lower and of the luff spar across the vessel, it may be necessary to provide for movement of the pivoted support and this may be achieved, for example, by having the pivot between luff spar and support slidably connected to the luff spar or by allowing the pivot support means to move backwards or forwards at its upper end.
In order that the invention may be well understood reference will be made to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2 are plan and side views, respectively, of a catamaran rigged in accordance with the invention, the supporting structure being mounted abaft the lower support means;
Figures 3 and 4 are plan views (omitting the sail and luff spar) of trimarans rigged in accordance with the invention; and
Figures 5 and 6 are a side view and plan view respectively of a catamaran rigged in accordance with the invention and provided with support means mounted forward of the lower support (ii); and
Figures 7 and 8 are a plan view and side view respectively of a trimaran rigged in accordance with the invention and having a pair of headsails.
In all the drawings, numeral 1 represents a hull of a vessel, numberal 2 represents a transverse rail (forming the lower support) on which is slidably mounted luff spar 3 bearing sail 4, luff spar 3 being pivotably mounted at pivot 5 on support structure 6 attached to the hull or hulls 1. Additional sails, e.g. headsails, are indicated by humeral 7. The drawings are substantially self-explanatory but, with reference, for example, to Figures 1 and 2, it will be appreciated that the attitude of the sail 4 will be controlled (a) by the position of the lower end of luff spar 3 upon rail 2, (i.e. as to whether it is to port, as shown, or to starboard of the centre line of the vessel) and also one or more sheets attached to the clew of the sail, in a conventional manner, to enable the sale to be hauled downwardly and aft. The position of the foot of the luff spar of 3 on rail 2 may be adjusted, as desired, by a pair of sheets (not shown) . When reaching and running the luff spar and the clew of the sail can be so arranged that the resultant sail force passes in a generally horizontal plane, sufficiently close to the centre of the resitance for it to be absorbed by the rudders. When gybing the luff spar and clew can be put over the ship by means of the sheets.
As shown in the drawings, the sail is a soft sail but, of course, other forms of sail such as a wing sail, rigid sail or semi-rigid sail may be employed, provided that it has a luff spar (or equivalent member) mounted as described above.
It is an advantage of the rig of the invention that it possible to bring the sail close to water level and thereby reduce heeling moments. Indeed, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rig is so arranged that the foot of the sail is generally parallel and close to the water. Furthermore under conditions of maximum heeling torque (i.e. close hauled and/or in strong winds) the sail leans in towards the wind (i.e. acts as a so-called "inverted" sail) with its foot directly above the water on the leeside of the vessel and its upper apex leaning towards the centre of resistance of the vessel so that the resultant force passes through the centre of resistance or nearby thus markedly reducing heeling torque and, also, producing a lifting force. This, of course, makes it possible to use a relatively tall rig or, vice versa, a narrower overall beam. To make it possible to have a taller rig with regard to overall beam the following additional techniques may be adopted:
(1) - the crew can be on the weather side (as is conventional in sailing vessels);
- the inclination of the sail can be increased by leaning the supporting structure to weather and thereby decreasing heeling torque and increasing : lifting force, alternatively the inclination of', the sail may be increased by sliding the pivot across the support structure, sliding the foot of the sail or simply by letting the sheet go;
- the sail can be adapted to be reefable, preferably by rotation of the luff spar, alternatively reefing may effectively be achieved by allowing the foot of the sail and the lower end of the luff spar to rise, to bring the sail more horizontal;
- the hulls of a catamaran, or floats of a trimaran can be assymetric in order to generate the desired lift and/or may be provided with hydrofoils;
- leeboards and/or rudders can be made to lean inwardly;
- leeboards can be placed well to weather and facing towards the centre of symmetry of the boat;
- leeboards may be raised or lowered, as appropriate, when tacking.
In a trimaran, the intermediate hull can be used to reduce the drawbacks due to the distance between the two hulls of a catamaran, namely provision of a fixed structure for calm waters and a flexible structure for choppy waters.
If desired other sails may be incorporated in the rig and thus there is the possibility that a pair of symmetrical inwardly leaning sails may be placed forward or aft of the sail of the rig of the invention. This would increase sail area.
Further, the rig of the invention may be provided with an additional headsail supported by a stay or span forward of the main luff spar connected at its upper end to the said main luff spar and at its lower end to a strut or boom extending forwardly of the main luff spar and attached to the lower part thereof. Such a headsail would have sheets to control, in a conventional manner, and its luff would, of course, move with main luff- spars,
In most cases, when the vessel of the invention is not provided with sails forward of the rig of the invention, the lower support (i) of the luff spar will be forward of the pivoted support (ii), as indeed is shown in the drawings. However, where the rig is provided with a pair of headsails, the luff spar may suitably be substantially vertical as viewed from the side.
The vessel of the invention is undirectional. The sails and hulls are independent in that the attitude of the sails is not controlled by moving a hull or float, i.e. the luff or clew of a sail is not attached to a moveable hull or float.
If desired, the support means at or adjacent the lower end of the luff spar can comprise more than one rail or tube. This construction might facilitate control of the horizontal angle of the sail.
The support structure which supports the pivot means supporting the luff spar at the point above its lower end can be rigidly fixed to the hull of the vessel. However, it is not necessary for the support structure to be rigidly fixed. For example, the support structure may be fixed to the hull using an articulated connection.
The pivoting point itself does not need to be a fixed point. In most cases, the pivot connection will be capable of sliding up and down, along the luff spar, and transversely and horizontally along the upper part of the support structure.
In a preferred sailing vessel of this invention, the foot of the sail is close to the water. This arrangement brings down the centre of effort, and permits lee hull to absorb non-zero heeling torques. If under extreme conditions there is a sudden gust of wind, and it is not possible to move the pivot to weather, then the sheet can be let go, or the foot of the luff spar can be allowed to lift.

Claims

1. A sailing vessel provided with a generally triangular sail (4) attached to a luff spar (3), the luff spar being supported (i) at or adjacent its lower end by support means (2) comprising a rail or tube extending across the vessel and permitting transverse movement of the lower end of the spar across the vessel in the forward part thereof; and (ii) at a point above its lower end by pivot means (5) the pivot being supported on a support structure fixed to the hull of the vessel.
2. A sailing vessel as claimed in claim 1 which is a multi-hull (7) vessel.
3. A sailing vessel as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 in which the foot of the sail (4) is generally parallel and close to the water.
PCT/GB1989/000206 1988-03-02 1989-03-02 Sailing vessels WO1989008047A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB888804942A GB8804942D0 (en) 1988-03-02 1988-03-02 Boat
GB8804942 1988-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989008047A1 true WO1989008047A1 (en) 1989-09-08

Family

ID=10632691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1989/000206 WO1989008047A1 (en) 1988-03-02 1989-03-02 Sailing vessels

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3290789A (en)
ES (1) ES2014578A6 (en)
GB (1) GB8804942D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1989008047A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2409184A1 (en) * 1977-11-22 1979-06-15 Biart Jean Pierre Sailing vessel mast mounting - consists of bipod allowing mast to be at angle when hull is upright
FR2537943A1 (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-06-22 Dudouyt Jean Paul LIGHT VEHICLE SAILING WITH MAT MOBILE EMPLANTURE
FR2577194A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 Sylvain Chevalley Rigging making it possible to incline the mast of a sailing boat laterally
WO1987001346A1 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-03-12 Foigny Jean Luc Adjustable rig free of guys

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2409184A1 (en) * 1977-11-22 1979-06-15 Biart Jean Pierre Sailing vessel mast mounting - consists of bipod allowing mast to be at angle when hull is upright
FR2537943A1 (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-06-22 Dudouyt Jean Paul LIGHT VEHICLE SAILING WITH MAT MOBILE EMPLANTURE
FR2577194A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 Sylvain Chevalley Rigging making it possible to incline the mast of a sailing boat laterally
WO1987001346A1 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-03-12 Foigny Jean Luc Adjustable rig free of guys

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8804942D0 (en) 1988-03-30
AU3290789A (en) 1989-09-22
ES2014578A6 (en) 1990-07-16

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