WO1989007537A1 - Process and device for determining the fitness to drive of the driver of a vehicle - Google Patents

Process and device for determining the fitness to drive of the driver of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989007537A1
WO1989007537A1 PCT/EP1988/001159 EP8801159W WO8907537A1 WO 1989007537 A1 WO1989007537 A1 WO 1989007537A1 EP 8801159 W EP8801159 W EP 8801159W WO 8907537 A1 WO8907537 A1 WO 8907537A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
driver
vehicle
computer
evaluation
reaction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1988/001159
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Spies
Gerhard KÄLBERER
Original Assignee
Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm filed Critical Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm
Publication of WO1989007537A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989007537A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/02—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
    • B60K28/06—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver
    • B60K28/066—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver actuating a signalling device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for determining the fitness to drive of a vehicle driver, in particular after a long driving time.
  • Another device as is known from DE 3447536 AI, has a stimulus signal generating device which generates stimulus signals for the driver of a motor vehicle in an uninterrupted sequence. The device should then react to acknowledgment signals from the driver.
  • a disadvantage of such a system is that it requires additional activity and effort for the acknowledgment, which in turn leads to or increases fatigue and that the acknowledgment device willfully e.g. can be bridged or e.g. can fail due to a defect. This makes safe precaution against accidents at least doubtful, if not impossible.
  • the invention has the task of a pre-warning and accident prevention.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of a motor vehicle dashboard.
  • Fig. 4 shows a device with control and evaluation computer.
  • the device for determining the fitness to drive consists of the following units:
  • a suitable device e.g. a camera 3 is installed, which uses a pulsed infrared light source 4, in particular, to image the driver's eye area.
  • a pulsed infrared light source 4 in particular, to image the driver's eye area.
  • For stimulation of the driver stimulation lights 5 are attached in the visible area on the dashboard 1 or on the steering wheel 2 or on the instruments 6 to be read anyway.
  • the eyes are swiveled from a viewing point A to a viewing point B according to FIG. swiveling according to line 1 or line 2.
  • a video control computer 7 clocks the pulsed infrared light source 4 for the driver's eye area.
  • the driver's eye area is shown on the CCD sensor.
  • the video control computer 7 evaluates the position, change in length, angle, change in angle and absolute angle of view of the eyes. This information goes to the evaluation computer 8 for eye movements.
  • This evaluation computer 8 stimulates the driver via visible stimulation lights 5 in the instrument area 6 and, in accordance with FIG. 3, evaluates the location or path errors of the initial alignment and the time until the eyes are aligned as well as the total reaction time and outputs them first via the interface 9 to the vehicle an acoustic or visual warning signal on the alarm device 10.
  • the device intervenes with the aid of the adaptive computer system in the engine throttling (overrun cutoff) or in the brakes of the vehicle by means of an actuator 11.
  • a recorder 12 which of course can also be part of a hazard or central computer, such as on a tachograph.
  • Acceleration and deceleration are linked to the evaluation of eye movements and a condition of fatigue or condition can be derived from this. Since the evaluated information differs individually, the system is designed to be adaptive, which means that the camera can be assigned by measuring the distance between the eyes, the facial contours and the structures of the iris and retina. The reaction speeds of the person thus recognized are recorded and stored by the system and compared with the measured values that occur during the entire journey. At 10, the warning or intervention by means of actuator 11 is derived from the comparison; if this comparison has shown that the evaluated eye reactions are outside of predetermined tolerances (threshold values). Depending on the degree of deviation, a warning is then given, for example, then the throttle valve is closed, thrust switched off or braked.
  • the grading / coordination of the intervention is also based on the connection of information about current driving conditions / conditions with the information about the eye reaction of the controlled person from the video system.
  • the computer correlates this, in particular with the help of an entered algorithm, e.g. on the dependency on driving speed and reaction time by adjusting the relevant threshold values.
  • the invention does not generate stimulus signals in an uninterrupted sequence and also not time-controlled on its own, but rather the adaptive computer system largely takes into account all influences which arise from the respective person (driver) or the current traffic situation (driving conditions).
  • the adaptive computer system can increase the frequency of the stimulation if the driver overlooks warning signals from the distance warning system due to falling below threshold values or if particularly large or rapid alternating steering angle supplements have been made (right, left) or also. Driving maneuvers that indicate uncontrolled jerky driving without the need to do so.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Process and device for determining the fitness to drive of the driver of a vehicle, in particular after driving for a prolonged period, while driving, in which fatigue or impaired vigilance are established by evaluating reactions of the eyes to an irritant stimulus. A suitable device, for example a camera in the visual field of a test subject, test the individual instantaneous reaction of the subject following stimulation by irritant light. The evaluation is carried out with the aid of an adaptive computer system.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Fahrtauglichkeit eines Fahrzeugführers Method and device for determining a driver's fitness to drive
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Fahrtauglichkeit eines Fahrzeugführers, insbesondere nach längerer Fahrzeit.The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the fitness to drive of a vehicle driver, in particular after a long driving time.
Es sind bereits Vorrichtungen bekannt, z.B. aus der EP 0059225, die einen Fahrer warnen, wenn er infolge Übermüdung - auch kurzzeitig - eingeschlafen ist. Eine Alarmvorrichtung soll ihn dann aufwecken. Eine Erhöhung der allgemeinen Fahrsicherheit auf den Straßen dürfte auf diese oder ähnliche Weise kaum möglich sein.Devices are already known, e.g. from EP 0059225, which warn a driver if he has fallen asleep, even briefly, as a result of fatigue. An alarm device should then wake him up. An increase in general driving safety on the roads should hardly be possible in this or a similar way.
Eine andere Vorrichtung, wie sie aus der DE 3447536 AI bekannt ist, weist eine Reizsignal-Erzeugungsvorrichtung auf, die in ununterbrochener Folge Reizsignale für den Fahrer eines Kraftfahrzeuges erzeugt. Die Vorrichtung soll dann auf Quittierungssignale von dem Fahrer reagieren. Nachteilig bei einem solchen System ist, daß es zusätzliche Aktivität und Aufwand für die Quittierung erfordert, der seinerseits zur Ermüdung führt bzw. diese verstärkt und daß die Quittierungseinrichtung wil¬ lentlich z.B. überbrückt werden kann oder z.B. durch Defekt ausfallen kann. Hierdurch ist eine sichere Vorsorge vor Unfällen zumindest zweifelhaft, wenn nicht unmöglich.Another device, as is known from DE 3447536 AI, has a stimulus signal generating device which generates stimulus signals for the driver of a motor vehicle in an uninterrupted sequence. The device should then react to acknowledgment signals from the driver. A disadvantage of such a system is that it requires additional activity and effort for the acknowledgment, which in turn leads to or increases fatigue and that the acknowledgment device willfully e.g. can be bridged or e.g. can fail due to a defect. This makes safe precaution against accidents at least doubtful, if not impossible.
Die Erfindung hat die Aufgabe einer VOR-Warnung und Unfallverhütung.The invention has the task of a pre-warning and accident prevention.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Auswerten von Augenreaktionen auf stimulierende Reize. Gestaltungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen niedergelegt.This task is solved by a method and a device for evaluating eye reactions to stimulating stimuli. Designs and refinements of the invention are laid down in the patent claims.
Mit der Erfindung sind Warnungen und Eingriffe in das Verkehrsgeschehen möglich, bevor es überhaupt zu einem Unfall kommen kann. Die Zeichnung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung zeigt inWith the invention, warnings and interventions in the traffic situation are possible before an accident can even occur. The drawing of an embodiment of the invention shows in
Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt aus einem Kfz-Armaturenbrett;Figure 1 shows a section of a motor vehicle dashboard.
Fig. 2 eine Aufzeichnung von Augenreaktionen (Wege);2 shows a record of eye reactions (pathways);
Fig. 3 eine Aufzeichnung der Augenreaktion im Hinblick auf Genauigkeit und Zeit als Funktion der Ermüdung3 is a record of the eye response in terms of accuracy and time as a function of fatigue
Fig. 4 eine Vorrichtung mit Steuerund Auswerterechner.Fig. 4 shows a device with control and evaluation computer.
Die Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Fahrtauglichkeit besteht nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel aus folgenden Einheiten:According to the exemplary embodiment, the device for determining the fitness to drive consists of the following units:
Entsprechend Fig. 1 ist im Armaturenbrettt 1 eine geeignete Vorrichtung, z.B. eine Kamera 3 eingebaut, die mittels einer gepulsten Infrarot- Lichtquelle 4 insbesondere die Augenpartie des Fahrers abbildet. Zur Reizstimulation des Fahrers sind Stimulationsleuchten 5 im sichtbaren Bereich am Armaturenbrett 1 oder am Lenkrad 2 oder an den sowieso abzulesenden Instrumenten 6 angebracht.According to Fig. 1, a suitable device, e.g. a camera 3 is installed, which uses a pulsed infrared light source 4, in particular, to image the driver's eye area. For stimulation of the driver stimulation lights 5 are attached in the visible area on the dashboard 1 or on the steering wheel 2 or on the instruments 6 to be read anyway.
Nach bekannten Untersuchungen erfolgt ein Schwenken der Augen von einem Betrachtungspunkt A zu e nem Betrachtungspunkt B entsprechend Fig. 2 durch z.B. ein Schwenken entsprechend der Linie 1 oder der Linie 2.According to known investigations, the eyes are swiveled from a viewing point A to a viewing point B according to FIG. swiveling according to line 1 or line 2.
Nach Fig. 3 kann die Ermüdung (v) oder mangelnde Aufmerksamkeit dadurch beurteilt werden, daß die Zeit (t) des Ausrichtens der Augen von einem definierten Punkt länger (Ä'nderungsgeschwindigkeit geringer) wird und außerdem die allererste Ausrichtung des Augapfels mit zunehmender Ermüdung ungenauer wird. Deshalb wird hier ein Toleranzbereich für die Erstausrichtung festgelegt. Die Auswertung dieser Effekte kann nach Fig. 4 wie folgt durchgeführt werden:According to FIG. 3, the fatigue (v) or lack of attention can be judged by the fact that the time (t) of alignment of the eyes of a defined point longer (Ä 'nderungsgeschwindigkeit lower) is and also the very first orientation of the eyeball with increasing fatigue inaccurate becomes. Therefore, a tolerance range for the initial alignment is specified here. 4, these effects can be evaluated as follows:
Ein Video-Steuerrechner 7 taktet die gepulste Infrarot-Lichtquelle 4 für die Augenpartie des Fahrers. Die Augenpartie des Fahrers ist auf dem CCD-Sensor abgebildet. Der Video-Steuerrechner 7 wertet Lage, Längen¬ änderung, Winkel, Winkeländerung und absoluten Blickwinkel der Augen aus. Diese Informationen gehen dem Auswerterechner 8 für Augenbewegungen zu. Dieser Auswerterechner 8 stimuliert den Fahrer über sichtbare Stimulationsleuchten 5 im Instrumentenbereich 6 und wertet entsprechend Fig. 3 die Orts- bzw. Wegefehler der Erstausrichtung und die Zeit bis zur Ausrichtung der Augen überhaupt sowie die totale Reaktionszeit aus und gibt über die Schnittstelle 9 zum Fahrzeug zuerst ein akustisches oder optisches Warnsignal am Alarmgeber 10. Wenn darauf vom Fahrer nicht reagiert wird, greift die Vorrichtung mit Hilfe des adaptiven Computer- Systems in die Motordrosselung (Schubabschaltung) oder in die Bremsen des Fahrzeugs mittels Aktor 11 ein. Jede Alar gebung und/oder jeder Eingriff werden auf einem Schreiber 12, der natürlich auch Teil eines Gefahrenoder Zentral-Rechner sein kann, wie auf einem Fahrtenschreiber, registriert.A video control computer 7 clocks the pulsed infrared light source 4 for the driver's eye area. The driver's eye area is shown on the CCD sensor. The video control computer 7 evaluates the position, change in length, angle, change in angle and absolute angle of view of the eyes. This information goes to the evaluation computer 8 for eye movements. This evaluation computer 8 stimulates the driver via visible stimulation lights 5 in the instrument area 6 and, in accordance with FIG. 3, evaluates the location or path errors of the initial alignment and the time until the eyes are aligned as well as the total reaction time and outputs them first via the interface 9 to the vehicle an acoustic or visual warning signal on the alarm device 10. If the driver does not react to this, the device intervenes with the aid of the adaptive computer system in the engine throttling (overrun cutoff) or in the brakes of the vehicle by means of an actuator 11. Each alarm and / or intervention is registered on a recorder 12, which of course can also be part of a hazard or central computer, such as on a tachograph.
Über diese Reaktionsprüfung durch statische Stimulation hinaus können über die Schnittstelle 9 zum Fahrzeug Werte wieIn addition to this reaction test by means of static stimulation, values such as
Lenkwinkel - ABSSteering angle - ABS
Gaspedalaccelerator
BlinkerbetätigungTurn signal activation
DrehzahlmessungSpeed measurement
Daten des AbstandswarnsystemsDistance warning system data
Beschleunigung und Verzögerungen mit der Auswertung der Augenbewegungen verknüpft werden und daraus ein Ermüdungs- oder Konditionszustand abgeleitet werden. Da die ausgewerteten Informationen individuell verschieden sind, wird das System adaptiv ausgelegt, d.h. über die Kamera geschieht durch Messung des Augenabstands, der Gesichtskonturen sowie der Strukturen von Iris und Retina eine personelle Zuordnung. Die Reaktionsgeschwindig¬ keiten der damit erkannten Person werden vom System erfaßt und einge¬ speichert und während der ganzen Fahrt mit den anfallenden Meßwerten verglichen. Aus dem Vergleich wird bei 10 die Warnung oder der Eingriff mittels Aktor 11 abgeleitet; wenn dieser Vergleich ergeben hat, daß die ausgewerteten Augenreaktionen außerhalb vorgegebener Toleranzen (Schwellwerte) liegen. Je nach dem Grad der Abweichung wird dann z.B. zuerst gewarnt, dann die Drosselklappe geschlossen, Schub abgeschaltet oder gebremst.Acceleration and deceleration are linked to the evaluation of eye movements and a condition of fatigue or condition can be derived from this. Since the evaluated information differs individually, the system is designed to be adaptive, which means that the camera can be assigned by measuring the distance between the eyes, the facial contours and the structures of the iris and retina. The reaction speeds of the person thus recognized are recorded and stored by the system and compared with the measured values that occur during the entire journey. At 10, the warning or intervention by means of actuator 11 is derived from the comparison; if this comparison has shown that the evaluated eye reactions are outside of predetermined tolerances (threshold values). Depending on the degree of deviation, a warning is then given, for example, then the throttle valve is closed, thrust switched off or braked.
Die Abstufung/Abstimmung des Eingriffs richtet sich auch nach der Verknüpfung von Informationen über momentane Fahrtbedingungen/-zustände mit den Informationen über die Augenreaktion der kontrollierten Person aus dem Videosystem. Der Computer korreliert diese, insbesondere mit Hilfe eines eingegebenen Algorithmus, z.B. über die Abhängigkeit von Fahrgeschwindigkeit und Reaktionszeit durch Anpassung diesbezüglicher Schwellwerte.The grading / coordination of the intervention is also based on the connection of information about current driving conditions / conditions with the information about the eye reaction of the controlled person from the video system. The computer correlates this, in particular with the help of an entered algorithm, e.g. on the dependency on driving speed and reaction time by adjusting the relevant threshold values.
Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik werden bei der Erfindung nicht Reizsignale in ununterbrochener Folge erzeugt und auch nicht allein zeitgesteuert, sondern das adaptive Computer-System berücksichtigt weitgehend alle Einflüsse, die von der jeweiligen Person (Fahrer) oder der momentanen Verkehrssituation (Fahrbedingungen) ausgehen.In contrast to the state of the art, the invention does not generate stimulus signals in an uninterrupted sequence and also not time-controlled on its own, but rather the adaptive computer system largely takes into account all influences which arise from the respective person (driver) or the current traffic situation (driving conditions).
Z.B. kann das adaptive Computer-System die Frequenz der Reizstimulation erhöhen, wenn der Fahrer Warnsignale vom Abstandswarnsystem wegen Unterschreitung von Schwellwerten übersieht oder wenn besonders große oder in schnellem Wechsel ± (rechts, links) aufeinanderfolgende Lenk- winkelzuschläge vorgenommen wurden oder auch. Fahrmanöver, die auf unkontrolliertes ruckartiges Fahren ohne entsprechende Notwendigkeit hindeuten. For example, the adaptive computer system can increase the frequency of the stimulation if the driver overlooks warning signals from the distance warning system due to falling below threshold values or if particularly large or rapid alternating steering angle supplements have been made (right, left) or also. Driving maneuvers that indicate uncontrolled jerky driving without the need to do so.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Fahrtauglichkeit eines Fahrzeug¬ führers, insbesondere nach längerer Fahrzeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Ermüdung oder mangelnde Aufmerksamke t durch Auswerten von Augen¬ reaktionen auf stimulierende Reize festgestellt werden.1. A method for determining the fitness to drive of a vehicle driver, in particular after a long driving time, characterized in that fatigue or lack of attention are determined by evaluating eye reactions to stimulating stimuli.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß optische Reize erzeugt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that optical stimuli are generated.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Lichtquellen im Fahrzeug auf die Augenpartie eines Fahrers ausgerichet und kurzzeitig eingeschaltet werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that light sources are aligned in the vehicle on the eye area of a driver and briefly turned on.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Blickbereich der kontrollierten Person eine geeignete Vorrichtung z.B. eine Kamera die Reaktion nach einer Stimu¬ lation durch Lichtreize testet.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a suitable device e.g. a camera tests the reaction after stimulation by light stimuli.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Informa¬ tionen über den Betriebszustand des Fahrzeuges und/oder über zu hohe Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit für den Fahrtauglichkeitstest für die Auswer¬ tung mit herangezogen wurden.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that information on the operating state of the vehicle and / or on too high approach speed for the roadworthiness test was used for the evaluation.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Auswertung der Reaktionen mit Hilfe eines adaptiven Computer-Systems erfolgt, das die Informationen von jeder individuellen kontrollierten Person während der Fahrt speichert und vergleicht, ob Reaktionsabweichungen innerhalb oder außerhalb vorgegebener Toleranzen (Schwellwerte) liegen. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the evaluation of the reactions takes place with the aid of an adaptive computer system that stores the information of each individual controlled person while driving and compares whether reaction deviations within or outside of predetermined tolerances (Threshold values).
7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennze chnet, daß eine geeignete Vorrichtung, z.B. ein optischer Sensor oder eine Halbleiterkamera Teil eines Video-Systems bildet, indem ein Steuer- und Auswerterechner(-com- puter) eine gepulste Strahlenquelle taktet und die Kamera die Augen¬ partie des Fahrers und damit die Reaktion der Augen auf das Anstrahlen mit Licht über (eine) vorbestimmte Zeit(en) abbildet.7. Device for performing a method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a suitable device, e.g. an optical sensor or a semiconductor camera forms part of a video system in that a control and evaluation computer (computer) clocks a pulsed radiation source and the camera transmits the eye area of the driver and thus the reaction of the eyes to the illumination with light maps (a) predetermined time (s).
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auswerterechner über eine Schnittstelle zum Fahrzeug Informationen über momentane Fahrtbedingungen/-zustände erhält, die er mit den Informa¬ tionen über die Reaktion der kontroll erten Person aus dem VideoSystem korreliert.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the evaluation computer receives information about current driving conditions / conditions via an interface to the vehicle, which it correlates with the information on the reaction of the person under control from the video system.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auswerterechner bei überschreiten vorgegebener Toleranzen (Schwell- werte) nach Vergleich mit Hilfe eines Alarmgebers ein Warnsignal auslöst und/oder in das Fahrgeschehen, insbesondere durch Drosselung, Schubab¬ schaltung oder Bremsen, je nach Grad der Abweichung, eingreift.9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the evaluation computer, when predetermined tolerances (threshold values) are exceeded, triggers a warning signal after comparison with the aid of an alarm transmitter and / or in the driving action, in particular by throttling, Schubab¬ switching or braking, depending on the degree of deviation.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Einheit, z.B. der Zentral- oder Gefahren-Rechner oder ein Schreiber jede Auslösung und jeden Eingriff registriert. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that a unit, e.g. the central or hazard computer or a clerk registers every triggering and every intervention.
PCT/EP1988/001159 1988-02-09 1988-12-15 Process and device for determining the fitness to drive of the driver of a vehicle WO1989007537A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883803916 DE3803916A1 (en) 1988-02-09 1988-02-09 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE DRIVABILITY OF A DRIVER
DEP3803916.8 1988-02-09

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