WO1986000455A1 - Procede et dispositif de production d'affichages multicolores - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production d'affichages multicolores Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986000455A1
WO1986000455A1 PCT/US1985/001160 US8501160W WO8600455A1 WO 1986000455 A1 WO1986000455 A1 WO 1986000455A1 US 8501160 W US8501160 W US 8501160W WO 8600455 A1 WO8600455 A1 WO 8600455A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
display system
graphics display
pixel
digital
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1985/001160
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Phillip E. Mummah
Kiran R. Mundkur
Original Assignee
Mummah Phillip E
Mundkur Kiran R
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mummah Phillip E, Mundkur Kiran R filed Critical Mummah Phillip E
Publication of WO1986000455A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986000455A1/fr
Priority to AU54563/86A priority Critical patent/AU5456386A/en
Priority to EP86901655A priority patent/EP0227691A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US1986/000345 priority patent/WO1986007650A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/52—Circuits or arrangements for halftone screening
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/10—Intensity circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K2215/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data
    • G06K2215/0082—Architecture adapted for a particular function
    • G06K2215/0091—Outputting only video data, e.g. Hard copy of CRT display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K2215/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data
    • G06K2215/0082—Architecture adapted for a particular function
    • G06K2215/0094—Colour printing

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to multi-color display systems, and more particularly to devices and methods for increasing the number of color shades and intensities ' available in raster scanned digital color displays.
  • the method of improved color gen ⁇ eration described herein is more directly applicable to computer generated graphics, the concept can also be applied to other video display equipment. Since certain limitations in color generation and related improvements originated with television, a description of the prior art must include these T.V. roots.
  • Raster displays have been standarized for tele ⁇ vision within the U.S. by the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) system.
  • System standards for color transmission are constrained by monochrome T.V. compatability requirements, a 6 MHz station bandwidth and a 4.5 MHz FM sound carrier.
  • Signal standards provide for a carrier which is amplitude modulated with color brightness, or luminance information, and a 3.579 MHz suppressed color subcarrier which is phase modulated with chrominance information.
  • Hue and saturation data is encoded and transmitted as color difference signals generated by subtracting the luminance signal from the three primary color components, red (R) , green (G) , and blue (B) , from the scene.
  • Chrominance information is contained within a 1.5 MHz bandwidth within the luminance bandwidth of 4.2 MHz.
  • chrominance elements are added to the luminance subcarrier to develop the three color components. These drive the grids of three electron guns within a cathode ray tube (CRT) , which are aligned so that their beams converge in an aperature of a metal shadow mask and diverge to impinge upon respective color phosphor dots on the screen. Beams are swept horizontally at 15,734 Hz and vertically at 60 Hz.
  • CTR cathode ray tube
  • Urich, in U.S. Patent No. 4,214,277 notes the "half tone" technique of representing a continuous tone image by use of only black and white levels so that the eye perceives a grey image. He achieves this by digitally subdividing analog picture elements into a matrix of black or white subelements.
  • Kurahashi , et al, in U.S. Patent No. 4,383,256 controls the excita ⁇ tion period of individual LED displays in accordance with image signal amplitudes in order to produce half-tone images.
  • Computer generated images may escape the trans ⁇ mission limitations of low video bandwidths, low sweep rates, and slow serial data transfer rabes by direct display on a memory mapped device.
  • controlling circuitry is adapted to work both with ordinary television sets using standard vertical and horizontal sweep frequencies as well as a wideband red, green and blue (RGB) color monitor.
  • Memory in the computer may be shared between the cen ⁇ tral processing unit (CPU) and the display controlling device which refreshes the display dot pattern.
  • Such display controllers continuously produce separate horizontal and vertical sync pulses needed by the display while reading out the updated memory between sync pulses to produce synchronized video data.
  • an output is generated for each dot on the screen, said output consisting of separate red, green and blue signals.
  • Each color input to the monitor can have an analog level which corrresponds to a shade, or intensity. By varying the input voltage, the shade of the color can be controlled.
  • the time each individual primary color is illumiated is independently varied in order to produce a variety of new color shades.
  • the intensity and color of a particular pixel is proportional to the energy imparted to it by the electron beam. This energy can be varied by controll ⁇ ing the amount of time the pixel is excited by the electron beam or beams. If the digital color monitor uses an intensity control line, the energy of the pixel can also be varied by controlling the amount of of time the intensity line (I) is exited for a given pixel.
  • Apparatus to implement the above concept may be easily added to or integrated with existing controller circuitry.
  • additional coded color input data lines are required to control pulse width modulation (PWM) using a higher frequency clock or digital delays.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the resulting coded PWM data is latched with a dot clock and decoded so as to form separate PWM data lines for each color output.
  • These separate data lines drive PWM sequence generators which are clocked by the high frequency clock.
  • the serial output of each sequence generator is the PWM gating signal for that color output.
  • Logical combination of the PWM gating signals and the RGB signal outputs from the conventional circuits will produce the new digital PWM color output. These new signals will now drive a standard digital RGBI monitor without change.
  • pulse width modulating the inten ⁇ sity signal to the digital color monitor By pulse width modulating the inten ⁇ sity signal to the digital color monitor, different intensity levels of each unique color are obtained. They can also be used to drive other digital display devices such as single gun digital color mintors, multiple color input digital monitors, digital Red, Green, Yellow (RGY) monitors and digital television.
  • digital display devices such as single gun digital color mintors, multiple color input digital monitors, digital Red, Green, Yellow (RGY) monitors and digital television.
  • Printers that can currently use this technique are ink-jet printers, laser printers and thermal printers.
  • the integration may consist of a set of discrete, standard or semi-custom or custom integrated circuits/ hybrid circuits.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional arrangement of a digital color graphics display controller ;
  • Fig. 2 presents tabular data showing color states available with the conventional arrangement of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a timing diagram showing relative signal states for a particular color state
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric section of a conventional shadow mask CRT showing the relationships between gun, mask and screen areas;
  • Fig. 5a is a pictorial isometric close up of an electron beam traversing a single pixel in a conven ⁇ tional arrangement
  • Fig. 5b presents the beam signal state with time associateed with Fig. 5a;
  • Fig. 6a is a pictorial isometric close up of an electron beam traversing a single pixel subject to the modulation conditions taught by this invention
  • Fig. 6b presents the beam signal state with time associated with Fig. 6a;
  • Fig. 6c is a pictorial isometric close-up of an ink-jet traversing a single printing-pixel with the jet open for its normal -pixie time;
  • Fig. 6d is a pictorial isometric close-up of an ink-jet traversing a single printing pixel, subject to the modulation conditions taught by this invention
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram, of an embodiment of a digital color graphics display controller arranged in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the sync circuit modifications associated with Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9a is a circuit diagram of a pissible implementation of the PWM circuit, using a high frequency crystal oscillator
  • Fig. 10 is a timing diagram showing relative signal states when multiple color intensities are produced in accordance with the concepts of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram of a conventional arrangement for a digital color graphics display controller system is presented for later reference comparison.
  • Central Processing Unit 1 CPU
  • program memory 2 under control of program memory 2 is shown in communication with display video controller 4 via system data bus 5.
  • Both CPU 1 and controller 4 have shared access to dual port raster memory 3, which is used for screen refresh updating. Shared control is implemented by the multiplexer 6 on the address lines.
  • the display controller 4 controls synchroniza ion of both data output from raster memory 3 to buffer 7 and data output from sync circuit 13 to the video display device 11. Reading out of screen data from random access memory 3 is performed in between initiation of sync pulses by the controller 4.
  • the address multiplexers 6 and data buffers 7 are switched by CPU control signals.
  • Data output from the buffer 7 is converted from parallel to serial at the converter 8 and is shifted out at a rate determined by the system dot clock 9.
  • This clock defines the number of pixels that can be obtained as the beam makes a scan across the screen.
  • a new color is defined by the four color controls, R, G, B, I.
  • the total set of output data is presented to video display device 11 on a group of 6 output lines 12.
  • the set includes 3 color lines for red, green, and blue, two sweep synchronization lines for horizontal and vertical raster control, and one line containing the screen intensity command. When this latter command goes high, color brightness or luminance is increased for each of the color components, resulting in a doubling of availble colors from 8 to 16.
  • Fig. 2 presents a tabulation of the total colors available.
  • Fig. 3 gives a timing diagram showing relative signal states for a chosen primary color.
  • the diagram is scaled to associate the time period for scanning one pixel with one cycle of the dot clock.
  • the red signal is arbitraily altered from low to high state for both corresponding conditions of the intensity bit.
  • Maximum luminance occurs at periods T2 and T4 with both the color and intensity bits at a logical one-. With the intensity bit low and a red high, as at T5, a lower brightness, or darker shade is obtained.
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric view of a typical shadow mask cathode ray tube, with a partial section of the mask and screen exploded for improved viewing .
  • Electron beams 13 are generated from each of three individual color guns 12 in the neck of the tube.
  • the shadow mask 14, a thin perforated metal electrode is placed close to the screen and registered with it such that each hole 17 in the mask coincides with a triad of three phosphor dots on the tube screen 15, one for each primary dot color 16.
  • Gun alignments are such that the electron beams 13 converge to a point 18 at the center of a shadow mask aperature, then diverge so that each beam impingment is only upon one color phosphor dot.
  • Beam sweeping is accomplished by means of an external deflection yoke 19, consisting of conventional line and field scanning coils.
  • FIG. 5a A pictorial isometric close up of a pixel window 16 being swept by the beam 22 is depicted in Fig. 5a. Associated with this sweep is the full-on condition 20 of the beam intensity while traversing the aperature 16 as shown in Fig. 5b. As the beam traverses the opening 17 in the mask 14 and illuminates the dot area 16, a dark cross hatched swath 23 indicates maximum phosphor excitation and luminance, or a bright color.
  • Fig. 6a shows a similar view of a beam sweep but under conditions of change in beam intensity during the aperature exposure time.
  • pulse width modulation is indicated by the intensity going low during about two-thirds of the on-target time.
  • a light cross hatched area 24 indicates the result of excitation for less than the full available pixel time. This results in lower illuminance, or a darker shade.
  • Fig. 6 ⁇ shows a view of a jet of printing-ink 25 issuing out of a nozzle 25 onto a printing media 27.
  • the nozzle 25 is open for a pixel time frame causing a dot 28 of bright coor of the printing-ink to be printed on the printing media 27.
  • Fig. 6d shows a similar view of an ink-jet printer under conditions of change in time that the nozzle 25 is open within a pixie time frame. This causes a dot 29 of lighter shade to be printed on the printing media 27. Hence, dot 29 has a less density filled spray of small dots than dot 28.
  • Fig. 7 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of a digital color display controller arranged in accordance with the principles of this invention.
  • a similar embodiment can be used to control ink-jet, laser and thermal printers in accordance with the principles of this invention. These principles can also be used in digital television sets.
  • General similarity of the system elements with those of Fig. 1 will be noted.
  • Hardware changes to accomplish the improvements are denoted by subscript A.
  • Pulse width modulation changes are primarily interfaced with the sync circuits in module element 10A. This module receives additional data line inputs containing coded PWM data and a higher frequency clock input.
  • the clock can be synchronized with and set at a multiple "K” times the system dot clock.
  • the selec ⁇ tion of "K” can be made based upon the color combina ⁇ tions desired.
  • the number of logically possible shades of color per digital color output line are (2K+1) .
  • Fig. 8 presents the synchronization circuit changes associated with Fig. 7.
  • the PWM circuit latches the coded PWM data from the raster screen memory into a PWM latch 13.
  • the dot clock 9 is used as the clocking signal for this PWM latch.
  • the latched data is decoded using a high speed data decoder 14 so as to form separate PWM data lines for each color output. These separate data lines in turn drive PWM sequence generators which are clocked by the high frequency clock 15.
  • the serial output of each sequence generator is the PWM gating signal for that color output.
  • a logical combination of the PWM gating signals and the RGBI serial outputs from the sync circuit is made at 16 to provide the digital PWM color outputs for the RGBI display device inputs.
  • a logical combination of the PWM gating signal with the intensity-bit serial output from the sync circuit provides additional variation of the intensity of each resultant color obtained in accordance with the prin ⁇ ciples of this invention.
  • Fig. 9a is a detailed circuit diagram of a possible implementation of the PWM circuit, using a high frequency oscillator.
  • a four times Dot Clock has been chosen.
  • the crystal oscillator 30 generates a high frequency, digital clock signal, which in this example is four times the Dot Clock.
  • This signal is split into inverting and non-inverting clocks with invertor 33. These two clocks drive the 74AS164 shift registers.
  • a finite state machine is formed with shift registers 31, 32 and the NAND gate 34, to produce the train of pulses of desired pulse widths. These pulses have a time period equal to that of the Dot Clock.
  • the pulses have duty cycles of 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 67.5%, 75%.
  • the above example uses commercial 74AS Series parts.
  • the circuit can be implemented in any other available technology.
  • the circuit could be imple ented as a custom or semi-custom chip or chip ⁇ set. It could also be implemented as a custom hybrid or by using Programmable Array Logic (PALs) .
  • PALs Programmable Array Logic
  • the high frequency crystal oscillator 30, could be replaced with a Dot Clock frequency oscillator and Digital Delays to generate RWM signals.
  • the Dot Clock 43 drives the Digital Delay device 44.
  • the Digital Delay device has 6 delay tappings.
  • the outputs D0, Dl and D2 of the Digital Delay device are successive time delayed outputs of the video dot clock. Outputs /D0, /Dl and D2 of the complementary signals of D0, Dl and D2 respectively. These 5 outputs are logically combined with the Dot Clock with gates 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 to produce the required train of PWM pulses.
  • These pulses have the same time period as the Dot Clock and have duty cycles as in the previous example. These pulses are fed to 8 by 1 multiplexers 35, 36, 37 and 38 and synchronized with line drivers 39, 4 ⁇ , 41 and 42 to produce the PWM Color and Intensity output signals.
  • Fig. 10 a timing diagram is presented in which the intensity control is varied in steps of 25% increments of time corresponding to five states shown.
  • the resultant color from the PWM combination of R, G and B lines is assumed to be constant for comparison.
  • (5) 625 total new colors are obtained.
  • the number of colors generated may- be computed as follows: These are

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif de production d'une multiplicité de nouvelles teintes de couleurs destinées à être utilisées dans des affichages alphanumériques ou graphiques en couleurs sur écrans de télévision, tels que des moniteurs numériques RGBI (11A) commandés par un ordinateur numérique (1), et dans des imprimantes thermiques, à jet d'encre ou à laser. En utilisant un système de balayage de trame d'affichage standard, le temps d'excitation du phosphore ou le temps d'impression d'un pixel individuel peuvent être réduits de manière à assombrir la teinte de couleur par rapport à une teinte produite par un faisceau de pleine intensité ou par une impression à densité totale. Une modulation de la largeur d'impulsion est utilisée dans chaque ligne de commande de couleur (B, G, R) (12A) et dans chaque ligne de commande d'intensité (I) (12A) pour obtenir la réduction de l'excitation. Une horloge de modulation (Kx) est synchronisée avec le balayage horizontal du pixel et est réglée à une fréquence plus élevée d'un facteur K. Avec ce réglage, (2K + 1)4 teintes sont logiquement possibles avec un système à trois couleurs possédant une commande d'intensité.
PCT/US1985/001160 1984-06-20 1985-06-18 Procede et dispositif de production d'affichages multicolores WO1986000455A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU54563/86A AU5456386A (en) 1985-06-18 1986-02-18 Method and apparatus for generating multi-color displays
EP86901655A EP0227691A1 (fr) 1985-06-18 1986-02-18 Procede et appareil de generation d'images-ecran multicolores
PCT/US1986/000345 WO1986007650A1 (fr) 1985-06-18 1986-02-18 Procede et appareil de generation d'images-ecran multicolores

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62257084A 1984-06-20 1984-06-20
US622,570 1984-06-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986000455A1 true WO1986000455A1 (fr) 1986-01-16

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PCT/US1985/001160 WO1986000455A1 (fr) 1984-06-20 1985-06-18 Procede et dispositif de production d'affichages multicolores

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0183842A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4605185A (fr)
WO (1) WO1986000455A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5161633A (en) * 1989-05-03 1992-11-10 Fiat Auto S.P.A. Vehicle speed control system

Citations (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786483A (en) * 1971-04-21 1974-01-15 Cit Alcatel Brightness control for a color cathode ray tube
US4030090A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Flat image display device utilizing digital modulation
US4278972A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-07-14 Apple Computer, Inc. Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display
US4303912A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-12-01 Burroughs Corporation Digitally controlled composite color video display system
US4364037A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-14 Cromemco Inc. Transition data image processor
US4388639A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-06-14 Zenith Radio Corporation Color control circuit for teletext-type decoder
US4390893A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-06-28 National Semiconductor Corporation Digital color modulator
US4393378A (en) * 1980-09-29 1983-07-12 Tandberg Data A/S Generation of a light intensity control signal
US4410887A (en) * 1980-05-25 1983-10-18 Michael Stolov Large electronically controlled liquid crystal displays of one or more colors
US4464676A (en) * 1980-12-15 1984-08-07 National Semiconductor Corporation Digital color modulator
US4467322A (en) * 1982-08-30 1984-08-21 Sperry Corporation Digital shade control for color CRT background and cursors
US4516118A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-05-07 Sperry Corporation Pulse width modulation conversion circuit for controlling a color display monitor

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786483A (en) * 1971-04-21 1974-01-15 Cit Alcatel Brightness control for a color cathode ray tube
US4030090A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Flat image display device utilizing digital modulation
US4278972A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-07-14 Apple Computer, Inc. Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display
US4303912A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-12-01 Burroughs Corporation Digitally controlled composite color video display system
US4410887A (en) * 1980-05-25 1983-10-18 Michael Stolov Large electronically controlled liquid crystal displays of one or more colors
US4393378A (en) * 1980-09-29 1983-07-12 Tandberg Data A/S Generation of a light intensity control signal
US4390893A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-06-28 National Semiconductor Corporation Digital color modulator
US4464676A (en) * 1980-12-15 1984-08-07 National Semiconductor Corporation Digital color modulator
US4388639A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-06-14 Zenith Radio Corporation Color control circuit for teletext-type decoder
US4364037A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-14 Cromemco Inc. Transition data image processor
US4467322A (en) * 1982-08-30 1984-08-21 Sperry Corporation Digital shade control for color CRT background and cursors
US4516118A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-05-07 Sperry Corporation Pulse width modulation conversion circuit for controlling a color display monitor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5161633A (en) * 1989-05-03 1992-11-10 Fiat Auto S.P.A. Vehicle speed control system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4605185A (en) 1986-01-24
EP0183842A1 (fr) 1986-06-11

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