WO1981000050A1 - Process for producing hepatitis b vaccine - Google Patents

Process for producing hepatitis b vaccine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1981000050A1
WO1981000050A1 PCT/US1980/000834 US8000834W WO8100050A1 WO 1981000050 A1 WO1981000050 A1 WO 1981000050A1 US 8000834 W US8000834 W US 8000834W WO 8100050 A1 WO8100050 A1 WO 8100050A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hbsag
vaccine
precipitate
fraction
particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1980/000834
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
P Maupas
A Goudeau
Original Assignee
Alpha Therapeutic Corp
P Maupas
A Goudeau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alpha Therapeutic Corp, P Maupas, A Goudeau filed Critical Alpha Therapeutic Corp
Priority to DE19803049690 priority Critical patent/DE3049690A1/en
Publication of WO1981000050A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981000050A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2730/00—Reverse transcribing DNA viruses
    • C12N2730/00011—Details
    • C12N2730/10011—Hepadnaviridae
    • C12N2730/10111—Orthohepadnavirus, e.g. hepatitis B virus
    • C12N2730/10122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for producing a hepatitis B vaccine containing HBsAg particles as main component thereof, and more particularly, to a process for producing said vaccine which com- prises removing human plasma components possibly causing adverse effects and components capable of causing hepatitis B infection by in ⁇ corporating a step of fractionation using a polyethylene glycol into the purification, process with success, and further carrying out a treatment for inactivating the infectious virus without causing any impairment of the antigenicity.
  • HBsAg (HBs antigen) is known to be a constituent of a virus capable of causing hepatitis B (HBV). However, most of it is present as minute particles lacking infectivity and it can be found in the human or chimpanzee plasma. Electrophoretically, the HBsAg belongs to the class of human plasma globulin proteins.
  • an HBs antibody-containing globulin preparation is administered so as to produce passive immunity, but the effect is of short duration. It goes without saying that the active immunization with a vaccine is the most preferable, as can be seen in the prevention of usual viral infections.
  • a vaccine against hepatitis B is provided by isolating a hepatitis B virus substance and inactivating the same by an appropriate method or by separating the unchanged virus from an HBsAg followed by supplementary inactivation.
  • This vaccine when ad ⁇ ministered to man or animal, induces production of antibodies against the hepatitis B virus and thus can prevent the infection with hepatitis B.
  • Many attempts have been made to produce HBsAg vaccines.
  • One method of inactivating the viral infectivity consists in heat treatment at 60 C for 10 hours or at 100°C for 2 minutes. The heat treatment, however, cannot assure sufficient decomposition of nucleic acids (DNA) which the HBV contains. Therefore, the technique now coming into wide use is the inactivation of HBV by formalin treatment.
  • the most generally employed methods of isolating and puri ⁇ fying the HBsAg are ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography. By using these techniques, almost pure HBsAg particles can be obtained.
  • the conventional methods of isolation are generally complica ⁇ ted and present difficulties in industrial utilization thereof. More ⁇ over, a slight amount of concomitant human plasma proteins, once modi ⁇ fied by the formalin treatment, may, on administration to man, cause adverse effects, and therefore such proteins should be removed as co - pletely as possible. This trace amount of accompanying human plasma components cannot be removed even by repeated runs of ultracentrifuga ⁇ tion or affinity chromatography, so that some researchers took the view that such components should be present in the form bound to the HBsAg.
  • the present inventors have paid their attention to the fact that polyethylene glycols exhibit excellent performance in fractiona- tion of human plasma proteins, and, as a result of investigations on the conditions of incorporation of the step of fractionation with polyethylene glycols into the process for producing HBsAg particles, have succeeded in obtaining highly pure HBsAg particles in high yields.
  • the present invention consists in a process for producing a hepatitis B vaccine containing as main component thereof HBsAg (HBs antigen) particles free from human plasma components capable of causing hepatitis B infection, which comprises the steps of adjusting to approximately neutral the pH of an aqueous suspension of a crude HBsAg prepared from an HBsAg-containing human serum or plasma by
  • OMPI removing therefrom most of plasma protein components, adding to said suspension a polyehtylene glycol to a concentration of 5-6% and thereby removing Dane particles capable of causing hepatitis B infection and immune complexes both as a precipitate, adding a further amount of a polyethylene glycol to the supernatant and thereby collecting HBsAg particles as a precipitate, recovering from said precipitate a specific fraction of HBsAg particles having a particle size of 22 nm and a
  • the HBs antigen is recovered from the HBsAg-positive serum or plasma provided by healthy donors, and purified.
  • a serum having an HBsAg titer of 1:16 or more as measured by the counter electrophoresis technique (CEP) may selectively be used for effective vaccine production.
  • the two roughly classifiable subtypes "ad” and "ay” may be treated separately.
  • the method of recovering the crude HBsAg is not limited, pro ⁇ vided that it is suited for large-scale purification.
  • adsorption and elution on a colloid gel such as colloidal silica, for example, may preferably be employed.
  • the crude HBsAg is the one from which most of the plasma protein components has been removed.
  • the HBsAg is recovered as a precipitate by increasing the PEG concentration in the HBsAg-containing supernatant.
  • the final PEG con ⁇ centration is 10-20% (w/v).
  • the HBsAg-containing precipitate so obtained is then sub ⁇ jected to equalization or uniformization of the HBsAg particles and to removal of salting out reagents and other additives added during the production process.
  • conventional techniques may be used, such as dialysis, gel filtration and ultracentrifugation.
  • molecular sieve carriers applicable to substances having molecular weights between several hundred thousand and several million, such as Agarose (Sepharose 4B, 6B), cross-linked dextran and other high molecular polysaccharide granules, are employed.
  • the recovery of the HBsAg fraction is carried out while assaying the HBsAg-positive fractions by immunological methods.
  • the zonal centrifugation is pre ⁇ ferred, with a linear gradient of the concentration of cesium chloride
  • the so-obtained HBsAg particles medicinally as a vaccine are desalted by dialysis, further sterilized by filtra ⁇ tion, and moreover inactivated so as to eliminate the possibility of remaining infectivity of the HBV.
  • the inactivation is effected by adjusting the antigen purified in the manner mentioned above to a CEP titer of 1:20 and treating the antigen with 0.1-0.02% (w v) formalin, preferably 0.04% (w/v) formalin. After the formalin treatment, the final titer is adjusted to 1:4 as measured by the CEP. Finally, sterilization by filtration is carried out by using a 0.22 ⁇ ⁇ millipore filter.
  • the vaccine may be administered at any dosage level and by any method of administration that will bring the vaccine into body fluids and make the same effectively act on the immunization mechanisms within the body so as to produce antibodies.
  • the activity of the vaccine may be increased by admixing aluminum hydroxide or some other adjuvant known to those skilled in the art.
  • the vaccine of the present invention is administered intra ⁇ muscularly or subcutaneously or via some other appropriate route. How ⁇ ever, intramuscular administration is preferred.
  • intramuscular administration is preferred.
  • the HBsAg vaccine so obtained, it was administered to the chimpanzee known to be the only animal species other than the human that could be infected with the HBV. Actually, however, no chimpanzee was infected. This fact revealed the safety of the vaccine and at the same time strongly suggested that the HBsAg vaccine might be effective in the prophylaxis of HBV, because the chimpanzees given the vaccine showed the production of HBs anti ⁇ bodies in the blood.
  • this vaccine was then administered to actual patients under dialytic treatment. No adverse effects were observed, and the incidence rate of hepatitis B in the group of patients given the vaccine was significantly lower than that in the control group of patients. Thus the effectiveness of the vaccine has been established.
  • the HBs antigen was obtained from an HBsAg-positive plasma from healthy blood donors by purifying said plasma.
  • the plasma employed for the production of a vaccine had an HBsAg titer of not less than 1:16 when measured by the CEP (on a HYLAND Electrophoresis apparatus).
  • the HBsAg subtypes "ad” and "ay” were purified separately.
  • fibrin was removed together with ⁇ - lipoproteins by Mann's precipitation technique.
  • the HBsAg was eluted from the Aerosil with one liter of a deoxycholate-containing borate buffer (0.01M sodium borate, 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate, pH 9).
  • the elution was conducted at 37°C for 2 hours under stirring with a magnetic sti rrer.
  • the Aerosil was separated by centrifugation on a Beckman TJ6 centrifuge at 1,600 g for 10 minutes.
  • the supernatant ob- tained in the centrifugation contained the HBsAg.
  • the supernatant was adjusted to pH 7,2 with 1N-HC1. (At a pH below 7, the deoxycholate becomes insoluble and precipitates out.)
  • PEG 6,000 was added to a concentration of 5.5% (w/v). Stirring was effected with a magnetic sti rrer for 10 minutes to complete dissolu ⁇ tion. The mixture was then allowed to stand at 4°C for 5-6 hours. The resultant precipitate was removed by centrifugation at 1,600 g for 30 minutes. To the HBsAg-containing supernatant was added a further amount (12.5%) of PEG 6,000 to a final concentration of 18% (w/v). After stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes to complete dissolution, the mixture was allowed to stand at 4°C overnight. There ⁇ after the mixture was centrifuged at 25,000 g for 15 minutes (Beckman J 21). The pellet contained the HBsAg. 55. Dissolution of PEG 6,000 pellet
  • the gel filtration was carried out on a Sephadex 4B column ( 50/100, 50 mm in diameter, 1 in length, Pharmacia Fine Chemical, Uppsala, Sweden).
  • the chro atographic gel was used after precoating with a normal human serum (50 ml). 15
  • the equilibration of the column was performed with a PBS buffer having the following composition and the pH:
  • the rate of eluent flow was 120 ml/h.
  • the HBsAg-positive fractions were detected by the CEP, pooled, and concentrated on an Ami con Cell (XM 100 membrane DIAFL0) to a final 5 vol ume of 50 ml .
  • the zonal ultracentrifugation at a linear cesium chloride concentra ⁇ tion gradient (density: 1.10-1.40) was performed on a zonal rotor (Type 0 Ti 14 Beckman L 5.65) at 43,000 rpm for 20 hours.
  • the HBsAg-positive fractions (1.18-1.22) was pooled, and dialyzed against 9% sodium chloride.
  • the antigen so purified was adjusted to a CEP titer of 1:20.
  • the 35 subtypes "ad” and “ay”, after adjustment to equal titers and equal volumes, were pooled, and then subjected to formalin (30%) treatment.
  • the formalin treatment was carried out by allowing the mixture at a formalin concentration of 1/2500 (i.e. 0.04%) to stand at 37°C for 48
  • a sterilized aluminum hydroxide suspension was added to a final concentration of 0.1%.
  • Test Example a Safety evaluation in chimpanzees.
  • the vaccine prepared on a large scale was tested for its safety in 5 chimpanzees, there could not be obtained any chemical or serological evidence that they had been in ⁇ fected with the HBV.
  • liver biopsy any histological sign of hepatic failure could not be found, either.
  • 5 chimpanzees were injected intravenously with 5.0 ml of a concentrated HBsAg vaccine (CEP titer 1:8) twice at a one month interval. Three to four months later, 1.0 ml of the same vaccine preparation was administered to each animal by intramuscular injection.
  • any of the five chimpanzees did not show any hepatic failure from both the laboratory and histological stand- points. Neither HBsAg nor anti HBs could be detected.
  • the latex test was made, in the chimpanzees given the vaccine, to detect the possible existence of antiglobul n antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, antimitochondria anti ⁇ bodies and antismooth muscle antibodies. As a result, any autoantibodies could not be detected in any of the chimpanzees.
  • the same vaccine preparation was administered to 353 men.
  • the efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by the appearance of humoral immune response to the HBsAg (anti HBs antibodies) and by an epide iological survey of the subjects given ⁇ the vaccine and the subjects not given the vaccine.
  • the results obtained during the two year period after the immunization have proved that the vaccine preparation of the present invention can produce a prophylactic effect even in the circumstances where the risk of HB infection is high. No subjects given the vaccine preparation of the present invention showed any clinical or biological signs suggestive of autoimmune diseases.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Abstract

A hepatitis B vaccine is prepared by adjusting the pH of an aqueous suspension of a crude HBsAg to neutral by removing plasma protein components. Polyethylene glycol is added to a 5-6% concentration to thereby remove Dane particles and immune complexes as a precipitate. A further amount of a polyethylene glycol is added to thereby collect HBsAg particles as a precipitate. A specific fraction of HBsAg particles having a particle size of 22 nm and a specific gravity of 1.19-1.21 g/cm3 is recovered from the precipitate by gel filtration and ultracentrifugation. The virus contained in the fraction is inactivated and the fraction is made into a vaccine preparation.

Description

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HEPATITIS B VACCINE
This invention relates to a process for producing a hepatitis B vaccine containing HBsAg particles as main component thereof, and more particularly, to a process for producing said vaccine which com- prises removing human plasma components possibly causing adverse effects and components capable of causing hepatitis B infection by in¬ corporating a step of fractionation using a polyethylene glycol into the purification, process with success, and further carrying out a treatment for inactivating the infectious virus without causing any impairment of the antigenicity.
HBsAg (HBs antigen) is known to be a constituent of a virus capable of causing hepatitis B (HBV). However, most of it is present as minute particles lacking infectivity and it can be found in the human or chimpanzee plasma. Electrophoretically, the HBsAg belongs to the class of human plasma globulin proteins.
According to one method of protection against infection with HBV, an HBs antibody-containing globulin preparation is administered so as to produce passive immunity, but the effect is of short duration. It goes without saying that the active immunization with a vaccine is the most preferable, as can be seen in the prevention of usual viral infections.
Theoretically, a vaccine against hepatitis B is provided by isolating a hepatitis B virus substance and inactivating the same by an appropriate method or by separating the unchanged virus from an HBsAg followed by supplementary inactivation. This vaccine, when ad¬ ministered to man or animal, induces production of antibodies against the hepatitis B virus and thus can prevent the infection with hepatitis B. Many attempts have been made to produce HBsAg vaccines. One method of inactivating the viral infectivity consists in heat treatment at 60 C for 10 hours or at 100°C for 2 minutes. The heat treatment, however, cannot assure sufficient decomposition of nucleic acids (DNA) which the HBV contains. Therefore, the technique now coming into wide use is the inactivation of HBV by formalin treatment.
The most generally employed methods of isolating and puri¬ fying the HBsAg are ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography. By using these techniques, almost pure HBsAg particles can be obtained. However, the conventional methods of isolation are generally complica¬ ted and present difficulties in industrial utilization thereof. More¬ over, a slight amount of concomitant human plasma proteins, once modi¬ fied by the formalin treatment, may, on administration to man, cause adverse effects, and therefore such proteins should be removed as co - pletely as possible. This trace amount of accompanying human plasma components cannot be removed even by repeated runs of ultracentrifuga¬ tion or affinity chromatography, so that some researchers took the view that such components should be present in the form bound to the HBsAg. It is an object of the present invention to provide a commer¬ cial process for producing a hepatitis B vaccine containing HBsAg par¬ ticles as main component thereof, which comprises removing plasma pro¬ tein components which may possibly become a cause for adverse effects, while maintaining the antigenicity of the HBsAg particles, then re- covering the HBsAg, and further inactivating the possibly accompanying HBV, that is Dane particles.
The present inventors have paid their attention to the fact that polyethylene glycols exhibit excellent performance in fractiona- tion of human plasma proteins, and, as a result of investigations on the conditions of incorporation of the step of fractionation with polyethylene glycols into the process for producing HBsAg particles, have succeeded in obtaining highly pure HBsAg particles in high yields.
The present invention consists in a process for producing a hepatitis B vaccine containing as main component thereof HBsAg (HBs antigen) particles free from human plasma components capable of causing hepatitis B infection, which comprises the steps of adjusting to approximately neutral the pH of an aqueous suspension of a crude HBsAg prepared from an HBsAg-containing human serum or plasma by
OMPI removing therefrom most of plasma protein components, adding to said suspension a polyehtylene glycol to a concentration of 5-6% and thereby removing Dane particles capable of causing hepatitis B infection and immune complexes both as a precipitate, adding a further amount of a polyethylene glycol to the supernatant and thereby collecting HBsAg particles as a precipitate, recovering from said precipitate a specific fraction of HBsAg particles having a particle size of 22 nm and a
3 specific gravity of 1.19-1.21 g/cm by gel filtration and ultracentri¬ fugation, inactivating the virus contained in said fraction and making the fraction into the form of a vaccine preparation.
In the practice of the present invention, the HBs antigen is recovered from the HBsAg-positive serum or plasma provided by healthy donors, and purified. A serum having an HBsAg titer of 1:16 or more as measured by the counter electrophoresis technique (CEP) may selectively be used for effective vaccine production. The two roughly classifiable subtypes "ad" and "ay" may be treated separately.
The method of recovering the crude HBsAg is not limited, pro¬ vided that it is suited for large-scale purification. Thus, adsorption and elution on a colloid gel such as colloidal silica, for example, may preferably be employed. Preferably, the crude HBsAg is the one from which most of the plasma protein components has been removed.
From the resulting crude HBsAg, trace amounts of contaminants such as the infectious component of the HBV and the immune complexes are removed as a precipitate by fractionation using a polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycols (hereinafter PEG) having molecular weights of 2,000-10,000 are used. The treatment conditions are such that the aqueous solution is kept neutral (pH 6-8) and the temperature is maintained at 2-10 C (lower temperatures being preferable). The PEG concentration is 5-6% (w/v), preferably 5.3-5.7% (w/v). The time re- quired for the treatment is generally 3-7 hours. The resulting .precipi¬ tate is removed as a foreign matter.
The HBsAg is recovered as a precipitate by increasing the PEG concentration in the HBsAg-containing supernatant. The final PEG con¬ centration is 10-20% (w/v). The HBsAg-containing precipitate so obtained is then sub¬ jected to equalization or uniformization of the HBsAg particles and to removal of salting out reagents and other additives added during the production process. For these purposes, conventional techniques may be used, such as dialysis, gel filtration and ultracentrifugation.
- - EXζj-
OMFI In the gel filtration, molecular sieve carriers applicable to substances having molecular weights between several hundred thousand and several million, such as Agarose (Sepharose 4B, 6B), cross-linked dextran and other high molecular polysaccharide granules, are employed. The recovery of the HBsAg fraction is carried out while assaying the HBsAg-positive fractions by immunological methods.
In the ultracentrifugation, the zonal centrifugation is pre¬ ferred, with a linear gradient of the concentration of cesium chloride
3 (CsCl), sodium bromide, etc. (1.10-1.40 g/cm ). Those HBsAg particles
3 that fall under the density range of 1.19-1.21 g/cm are recovered.
In using the so-obtained HBsAg particles medicinally as a vaccine, they are desalted by dialysis, further sterilized by filtra¬ tion, and moreover inactivated so as to eliminate the possibility of remaining infectivity of the HBV. The inactivation is effected by adjusting the antigen purified in the manner mentioned above to a CEP titer of 1:20 and treating the antigen with 0.1-0.02% (w v) formalin, preferably 0.04% (w/v) formalin. After the formalin treatment, the final titer is adjusted to 1:4 as measured by the CEP. Finally, sterilization by filtration is carried out by using a 0.22 ~ι millipore filter.
The vaccine may be administered at any dosage level and by any method of administration that will bring the vaccine into body fluids and make the same effectively act on the immunization mechanisms within the body so as to produce antibodies. The activity of the vaccine may be increased by admixing aluminum hydroxide or some other adjuvant known to those skilled in the art.
The vaccine of the present invention is administered intra¬ muscularly or subcutaneously or via some other appropriate route. How¬ ever, intramuscular administration is preferred. * For the confirmation of the safety of the HBsAg vaccine so obtained, it was administered to the chimpanzee known to be the only animal species other than the human that could be infected with the HBV. Actually, however, no chimpanzee was infected. This fact revealed the safety of the vaccine and at the same time strongly suggested that the HBsAg vaccine might be effective in the prophylaxis of HBV, because the chimpanzees given the vaccine showed the production of HBs anti¬ bodies in the blood.
Therefore, this vaccine was then administered to actual patients under dialytic treatment. No adverse effects were observed, and the incidence rate of hepatitis B in the group of patients given the vaccine was significantly lower than that in the control group of patients. Thus the effectiveness of the vaccine has been established.
Example 1. Ant gen material
The HBs antigen was obtained from an HBsAg-positive plasma from healthy blood donors by purifying said plasma.
The plasma employed for the production of a vaccine had an HBsAg titer of not less than 1:16 when measured by the CEP (on a HYLAND Electrophoresis apparatus). The HBsAg subtypes "ad" and "ay" were purified separately.
As the material was a plasma, fibrin was removed together with β- lipoproteins by Mann's precipitation technique.
2. Adsorption of HBsAg on colloid silica To the supernatant resulting from Mann's precipitation, there was added Aerosil R380 (colloidal silica; Degussa, West Germany) to a con¬ centration of 2.5% (w/v). The mixture was then stirred gently by means of a magnetic sti rrer at 37°C for 3 hours. The reaction suspension was centrifuged on a Beckman TJ6 centrifuge at 1,600 g for 10 minutes. The HBsAg-containing Aerosil pellet was washed four times with one liter of a buffered EDTA (0.15M) -NaCl (0.15M) solution {pH 7.6).
3. Elution of HBsAg from Aerosil with deoxycholate-containing borate buffer
After the final washing, the HBsAg was eluted from the Aerosil with one liter of a deoxycholate-containing borate buffer (0.01M sodium borate, 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate, pH 9).
The elution was conducted at 37°C for 2 hours under stirring with a magnetic sti rrer. The Aerosil was separated by centrifugation on a Beckman TJ6 centrifuge at 1,600 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant ob- tained in the centrifugation contained the HBsAg.
4. Fractionation and concentration with PEG 6,000
The supernatant was adjusted to pH 7,2 with 1N-HC1. (At a pH below 7, the deoxycholate becomes insoluble and precipitates out.)
Then PEG 6,000 was added to a concentration of 5.5% (w/v). Stirring was effected with a magnetic sti rrer for 10 minutes to complete dissolu¬ tion. The mixture was then allowed to stand at 4°C for 5-6 hours. The resultant precipitate was removed by centrifugation at 1,600 g for 30 minutes. To the HBsAg-containing supernatant was added a further amount (12.5%) of PEG 6,000 to a final concentration of 18% (w/v). After stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes to complete dissolution, the mixture was allowed to stand at 4°C overnight. There¬ after the mixture was centrifuged at 25,000 g for 15 minutes (Beckman J 21). The pellet contained the HBsAg. 55. Dissolution of PEG 6,000 pellet
To the pellet was added 50 ml of 0.0175M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and the mixture was homogenized by stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 4 hours, and then centrifuged at 1,600 g for 30 minutes. The supernatant (50 ml) contained the HBsAg. 106. Gel filtration chromatography
The gel filtration was carried out on a Sephadex 4B column ( 50/100, 50 mm in diameter, 1 in length, Pharmacia Fine Chemical, Uppsala, Sweden). The chro atographic gel was used after precoating with a normal human serum (50 ml). 15 The equilibration of the column was performed with a PBS buffer having the following composition and the pH:
NaCl (sodium chloride) 0.14M
Na2HP0» (d sodium hydrogen phosphate) 0.0113M
NaH2P0, (sodium dihydrogen phosphate) 0.0017M 0 NaN3 (sodium azide) 0.02% pH 7.2
The rate of eluent flow was 120 ml/h.
The HBsAg-positive fractions were detected by the CEP, pooled, and concentrated on an Ami con Cell (XM 100 membrane DIAFL0) to a final 5 vol ume of 50 ml .
7. Zonal ultracentrifugation with linear cesium chloride concentration gradient
The zonal ultracentrifugation at a linear cesium chloride concentra¬ tion gradient (density: 1.10-1.40) was performed on a zonal rotor (Type 0 Ti 14 Beckman L 5.65) at 43,000 rpm for 20 hours. The HBsAg-positive fractions (1.18-1.22) was pooled, and dialyzed against 9% sodium chloride.
8. Inactivation
The antigen so purified was adjusted to a CEP titer of 1:20. The 35 subtypes "ad" and "ay", after adjustment to equal titers and equal volumes, were pooled, and then subjected to formalin (30%) treatment. The formalin treatment was carried out by allowing the mixture at a formalin concentration of 1/2500 (i.e. 0.04%) to stand at 37°C for 48
~ hours and then at 4 C for 8 days. After the formalin treatment, the preparation was adjusted to a final antigen titer of 1:4 as measured by the CEP. Finally, the preparation was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 u millipore filter. 9. Addition of adjuvant
A sterilized aluminum hydroxide suspension was added to a final concentration of 0.1%.
Test Example a) Safety evaluation in chimpanzees. When the vaccine prepared on a large scale was tested for its safety in 5 chimpanzees, there could not be obtained any chemical or serological evidence that they had been in¬ fected with the HBV. On liver biopsy, any histological sign of hepatic failure could not be found, either. More particularly, 5 chimpanzees were injected intravenously with 5.0 ml of a concentrated HBsAg vaccine (CEP titer 1:8) twice at a one month interval. Three to four months later, 1.0 ml of the same vaccine preparation was administered to each animal by intramuscular injection. During the six month period follow¬ ing the first administration, any of the five chimpanzees did not show any hepatic failure from both the laboratory and histological stand- points. Neither HBsAg nor anti HBs could be detected. Considering the possibility of autoimmune response, the latex test was made, in the chimpanzees given the vaccine, to detect the possible existence of antiglobul n antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, antimitochondria anti¬ bodies and antismooth muscle antibodies. As a result, any autoantibodies could not be detected in any of the chimpanzees. b) After the safety test and efficacy test in the five chimpanzees, the same vaccine preparation was administered to 353 men. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by the appearance of humoral immune response to the HBsAg (anti HBs antibodies) and by an epide iological survey of the subjects given^the vaccine and the subjects not given the vaccine. The results obtained during the two year period after the immunization have proved that the vaccine preparation of the present invention can produce a prophylactic effect even in the circumstances where the risk of HB infection is high. No subjects given the vaccine preparation of the present invention showed any clinical or biological signs suggestive of autoimmune diseases.
OMPI

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
A process for producing a hepatitis B vaccine from an aqueous suspension of a crude HBsAg prepared from an HBsAg-containing human serum or plasma by the steps of adjusting the pH of the aqueous suspension and removing most of the plasma protein components approx¬ imately to neutral, characterized in the further steps of adding to the suspension a polyethylene glycol to a concentration of 5-6% and thereby removing Dane particles capable of causing hepatitis B in¬ fection and immune complexes, both as a precipitate, adding a further amount of polyethylene glycol to the supernatant and thereby collect¬ ing HBsAg particles as a precipitate, recovering from said precipitate a specific fraction of HBsAg particles having a particle size of 22 nm
3 and a specific gravity of 1.19-1.21 g/cm by gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, inactivating the virus contained in said fraction and making the fraction into a vaccine preparation.
U .
PCT/US1980/000834 1979-07-05 1980-07-03 Process for producing hepatitis b vaccine WO1981000050A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803049690 DE3049690A1 (en) 1979-07-05 1980-07-03 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HEPATITIS B VACCINE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP79/85493 1979-07-05
JP8549379A JPS5610119A (en) 1979-07-05 1979-07-05 Manufacture of b type hepatitis infection preventive vaccine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1981000050A1 true WO1981000050A1 (en) 1981-01-22

Family

ID=13860454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/000834 WO1981000050A1 (en) 1979-07-05 1980-07-03 Process for producing hepatitis b vaccine

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5610119A (en)
GB (1) GB2065473B (en)
WO (1) WO1981000050A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0112506A2 (en) * 1982-11-29 1984-07-04 Green Cross Corporation A process for producing a hepatitis B infection preventing vaccine
EP0155007A2 (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-18 Juridical Foundation The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute Method for purification of HBs antigen
FR2561256A1 (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-20 Pasteur Institut Process for purifying HBs antigen type biological particles by flotation ultracentrifugation in a density gradient
EP0159749A1 (en) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-30 Stichting Centraal Laboratorium van de Bloedtransfusiedienst van het Nederlandse Rode Kruis Activated hepatitis B surface antigen product
EP0291586A3 (en) * 1981-08-31 1988-12-07 Genentech, Inc. Recombinant hepatitis b surface antigen and vaccine containing it
EP0294071A2 (en) * 1987-06-03 1988-12-07 Merck & Co. Inc. Hepatitis B vaccines made with pre-formed aluminum hydroxide gels, and processes thereof
EP0384058A1 (en) * 1989-02-09 1990-08-29 Development Center For Biotechnology Isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen from transformed yeast cells
EP0533492A2 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Amgen Inc. A hepatitis B vaccine formulation incorporating a bile acid salt

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0625069B2 (en) * 1981-01-29 1994-04-06 ブリティッシュ・テクノロジー・グループ・リミテッド Method for producing hepatitis B vaccine
FR2560890B1 (en) * 1984-03-07 1987-10-16 Grp Genie Genetique COMPOSITION USEFUL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VACCINES CONTAINING PARTICLES CARRYING THE SURFACE ANTIGEN OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND THE POLYMERIZED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN RECEPTOR, ANIMAL CELLS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SUCH PARTICLES
JPS60258127A (en) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-20 Green Cross Corp:The Preparation of hepatitis b vaccine

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3415804A (en) * 1962-01-03 1968-12-10 South African Inventions Fractionation of mixtures of proteinaceous substances using polyethylene glycol
US3630840A (en) * 1969-03-15 1971-12-28 Bayer Ag Process for purifying solutions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus
US3838144A (en) * 1971-09-09 1974-09-24 Pfizer Purification of australia antigen by ultracentrifugation
US3951937A (en) * 1973-12-20 1976-04-20 The Community Blood Council Of Greater New York, Inc. Large scale purification of hepatitis type B antigen using polyethylene glycol
US3989818A (en) * 1970-08-14 1976-11-02 South African Inventions Development Corporation Influenza virus vaccine
US3994870A (en) * 1974-01-31 1976-11-30 The Community Blood Council Of Greater New York, Inc. Purification of hepatitis B surface antigen
US4087519A (en) * 1975-12-23 1978-05-02 Institut Merieux Medicament for the treatment of hepatitis and/or acute or chronic infections due to the virus of hepatitis B
US4118479A (en) * 1975-03-14 1978-10-03 The New York Blood Center, Inc. Vaccine for active immunization containing hepatitis B surface antigen and associated antigen
US4118478A (en) * 1975-03-14 1978-10-03 The New York Blood Center, Inc. Vaccine manufacture for active immunization containing hepatitis B surface antigen and associated antigen
US4206014A (en) * 1977-11-09 1980-06-03 Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft Process for removing detergents from virus-antigen suspensions

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3415804A (en) * 1962-01-03 1968-12-10 South African Inventions Fractionation of mixtures of proteinaceous substances using polyethylene glycol
US3630840A (en) * 1969-03-15 1971-12-28 Bayer Ag Process for purifying solutions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus
US3989818A (en) * 1970-08-14 1976-11-02 South African Inventions Development Corporation Influenza virus vaccine
US3838144A (en) * 1971-09-09 1974-09-24 Pfizer Purification of australia antigen by ultracentrifugation
US3951937A (en) * 1973-12-20 1976-04-20 The Community Blood Council Of Greater New York, Inc. Large scale purification of hepatitis type B antigen using polyethylene glycol
US3994870A (en) * 1974-01-31 1976-11-30 The Community Blood Council Of Greater New York, Inc. Purification of hepatitis B surface antigen
US4118479A (en) * 1975-03-14 1978-10-03 The New York Blood Center, Inc. Vaccine for active immunization containing hepatitis B surface antigen and associated antigen
US4118478A (en) * 1975-03-14 1978-10-03 The New York Blood Center, Inc. Vaccine manufacture for active immunization containing hepatitis B surface antigen and associated antigen
US4087519A (en) * 1975-12-23 1978-05-02 Institut Merieux Medicament for the treatment of hepatitis and/or acute or chronic infections due to the virus of hepatitis B
US4206014A (en) * 1977-11-09 1980-06-03 Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft Process for removing detergents from virus-antigen suspensions

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chemical Abstracts, Volume 78, No. 11, 19 March 1973 (Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.) Melnick J: page 304, column 1, abstract No.69975z, & U.S. Nat. Tech. Inform. Serv. P B REP. 1972, No. 211812, 9pp. (Eng.) "Removal or Inactivation of the Agent of Hepatitis from Blood and Blood Components" *
Chemical Abstracts, Volume 85, No. 13, 27 September 1976 (Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.) VNEK, J, Prince A: page 449, column 1, abstract No. 91973p; & J. Clin. Mocrobiol. 1976, 3(6); 626-631 (Eng.) "Large Scale Purification of Hepatitis B surface Antigen" *
Chemical Abstracts, Volume 89, No. 18, October 30, 1978 (Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.) F. Barin, M. Andre, A. Goudeau, P. Coursaget, P. Maupas, page 358, column 2, abstract No. 152622e; & Ann. Microbiol. (Paris), 1978, 129B() : 87-99 (Eng.) "Large Scale Purification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)." *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0291586A3 (en) * 1981-08-31 1988-12-07 Genentech, Inc. Recombinant hepatitis b surface antigen and vaccine containing it
US4565697A (en) * 1982-11-29 1986-01-21 Green Cross Corporation Process for producing a hepatitis B infection preventing vaccine
EP0112506A3 (en) * 1982-11-29 1985-05-22 The Green Cross Corporation A process for producing a hepatitis b infection preventing vaccine
EP0112506A2 (en) * 1982-11-29 1984-07-04 Green Cross Corporation A process for producing a hepatitis B infection preventing vaccine
FR2561256A1 (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-20 Pasteur Institut Process for purifying HBs antigen type biological particles by flotation ultracentrifugation in a density gradient
EP0155007A2 (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-18 Juridical Foundation The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute Method for purification of HBs antigen
EP0155007A3 (en) * 1984-03-16 1988-12-07 Juridical Foundation The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute Method for purification of hbs antigen
EP0159749A1 (en) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-30 Stichting Centraal Laboratorium van de Bloedtransfusiedienst van het Nederlandse Rode Kruis Activated hepatitis B surface antigen product
EP0294071A2 (en) * 1987-06-03 1988-12-07 Merck & Co. Inc. Hepatitis B vaccines made with pre-formed aluminum hydroxide gels, and processes thereof
EP0294071A3 (en) * 1987-06-03 1990-08-01 Merck & Co. Inc. Hepatitis b vaccines made with pre-formed aluminum hydroxide gels, and processes thereof
EP0384058A1 (en) * 1989-02-09 1990-08-29 Development Center For Biotechnology Isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen from transformed yeast cells
EP0533492A2 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Amgen Inc. A hepatitis B vaccine formulation incorporating a bile acid salt
EP0533492A3 (en) * 1991-09-18 1994-08-10 Amgen Inc A hepatitis b vaccine formulation incorporating a bile acid salt

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2065473B (en) 1984-02-29
GB2065473A (en) 1981-07-01
JPS5610119A (en) 1981-02-02
JPS5721246B2 (en) 1982-05-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4464474A (en) Non-A, non-B hepatitis assay and vaccine
US4542016A (en) Non-a non-b hepatitis surface antigen useful for the preparation of vaccines and methods of use
US3994870A (en) Purification of hepatitis B surface antigen
CA1168579A (en) Non-a, non-b hepatitis virus
CA1212625A (en) Methods for preparation of hb.sub.sag free gamma globulins and products
CA1066191A (en) Hepatitis b vaccine
JPS61280438A (en) Improved isolation purification of hepatitis b surface antigen
WO1981000050A1 (en) Process for producing hepatitis b vaccine
JPH0331691B2 (en)
JPS6323896A (en) Inactivation of virus and purification of active protein
US4565697A (en) Process for producing a hepatitis B infection preventing vaccine
JPS63183539A (en) Production of immunoglobulin pharmaceutical for intravenous injection
JPS61145125A (en) Preparation of hepatitis-b-virus non-infective high purity gamma globulin
CA1066190A (en) Vaccine for active immunization containing hepatitis b surface antigen and associated antigen
JPS6078999A (en) Purification of hbs antigen
CA1117010A (en) Vaccine for active immunization containing hepatitis b surface and/or e-antigens
CA1203169A (en) Method of preparation of pure antigene hbs from human plasma
KR830000366B1 (en) Manufacturing method of waxy for the prevention of hepatitis B infection
SU728720A3 (en) Method of preparing vaccine for hepatitis v control
JPS61103895A (en) Purification of hbsag
KR0159716B1 (en) Process for the purification of hepatitis b surface antigen
KR100307186B1 (en) Purification method of ubns4e12-ii
JPS5840930B2 (en) Manufacturing method for hepatitis B vaccine
JP2721961B2 (en) Blood products
JPH0723319B2 (en) Method for removing blood group antibodies from blood products

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE GB US

RET De translation (de og part 6b)

Ref document number: 3049690

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19820218

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 3049690

Country of ref document: DE