USRE35815E - Method for treating waste material - Google Patents
Method for treating waste material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE35815E USRE35815E US08/296,533 US29653394A USRE35815E US RE35815 E USRE35815 E US RE35815E US 29653394 A US29653394 A US 29653394A US RE35815 E USRE35815 E US RE35815E
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- diluent
- liquid
- slurry
- solids
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/041—Breaking emulsions with moving devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/042—Breaking emulsions by changing the temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/044—Breaking emulsions by changing the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/047—Breaking emulsions with separation aids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/009—Heating or cooling mechanisms specially adapted for settling tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
- B01D21/245—Discharge mechanisms for the sediments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
- B01D21/2488—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks bringing about a partial recirculation of the liquid, e.g. for introducing chemical aids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of waste material.
- the invention relates to a method of and apparatus for removing solid and liquid mixtures, i.e., sludge, from various containers and the subsequent separation thereof.
- the invention relates to the removal and separation of liquid hydrocarbons and solids, such as catalyst fines, which co-mingle and settle as a sludge to the bottom of storage tanks.
- the sludge In the petrochemical industry and other industries, vast quantities of waste material, both solid and liquid in combination, are produced by various processes, the sludge accumulates in storage containers such as tanks, vats, ponds, and the like. In typical applications of the subject invention, situations are encountered where the sludge is a solid at ambient temperatures. This is particularly common for sludges containing a high percentage of catalyst fines.
- a principal technique for cleaning out these industrial containers has been to vacuum out as much material as possible with a vacuum truck or other such apparatus. Thereafter, workmen enter the container to remove the remaining material with shovels, buckets, etc. In some instances when most of the material has solidified, an aperture is cut into the tank, vessel, or other container, whereupon mechanical equipment such as a front-end loader or the like is used to remove the remaining material.
- Diluent such as diesel or light crude oil
- a heating vat where it is heated to about 20 degrees Fahrenheit below the lowest flash point of the material or sludge to be removed or the diluent, whichever is the lowest.
- the heated diluent is then pumped to the container to be cleaned.
- the container in a preferred embodiment, has disposed therein a wash manifold preferably internal of and central to the container.
- the heated diluent is delivered to such manifold where it is directed against the sludge through one or more ports in the manifold or through one or more hoses connected to the port or ports.
- Steam is also directed against the sludge from steam lines or hoses extending into the container. Normally, the steam and hot diluent are directed toward the same portion of sludge. The steam and diluent convert the sludge into a slurry containing the solid particles, having a viscosity that will allow the slurry to be readily pumped out of the container.
- the separated solids are deposited in a solids box for subsequent transfer to a disposal site.
- the remaining liquid material is pumped from the separator to a recovery tank or back to the diluent storage tank to be reused. Eventually, the liquid goes to the recovery tank.
- the liquid will be made up of the diluent, the water from the steam, and whatever hydrocarbons are separated from the solid portion of the sludge. The hydrocarbons can be separated from the water and salvaged.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of the apparatus for practicing the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the apparatus for practicing the method of this invention.
- the apparatus in the form depicted in the drawings are for separating and removing hydrocarbons, such as oil or the like, and the solids, which are co-mingled in a sludge, from tanks, ponds, pits, vessels, and other containers.
- hydrocarbons such as oil or the like
- solids which are co-mingled in a sludge
- the teachings of the present invention are equally applicable to non-petrochemical applications where it is desirable to remove solid waste material and reclaim other chemicals from a storage container and accordingly it is not intended that the invention be limited to the removal of waste and the subsequent separation of merely hydrocarbons from the solids.
- sludge has solidified (i.e., the temperature is below the pour point of the liquid in the sludge) in a container such as a pond, pit, tank, or other vessel, depicted in FIG. 1 generally as tank 30. It is accordingly desirable to provide means for evacuating the tank 30 of the sludge, including the solid material.
- the apparatus of FIG. 1 includes storage tank 12 that contains a diluent selected to dilute the liquid in the sludge and form a pumpable slurry that will support the solids in suspension.
- a diluent selected to dilute the liquid in the sludge and form a pumpable slurry that will support the solids in suspension.
- a representative such material found to be effective in many petrochemical applications is diesel fuel or light crude oil.
- the diluent is pumped through pipe 14 by means of any appropriate pump 16 through pipe 18 to a heating vat 20 in which steam is being injected (shown schematically as arrow 22).
- steam shown schematically as arrow 22
- the diluent When the diluent has thereby been heated to the desired temperature, it is pumped through pipe 24 by means of centrifugal pump 26 and from pump 26 through pipe 28 to manway 32 extending through the wall of tank 30.
- an internal conduit 48 is shown internally of tank 30 terminating in wash manifold 50, which connects pipe 28 and manifold 50.
- the manifold is basically comprised of a termination with a plurality of apertures whereby when the heated diluent is delivered to the manifold, it is ejected under pressure through the apertures and against the walls of tank 30 in various radial directions shown by arrows 52.
- manifold 50 is located generally in the center of tank 30.
- hoses 52 will be connected to the manifold through which workmen can direct the diluent against selected portions of the sludge, converting it to a slurry, and moving on to another portion.
- steam may be injected into tank 30 to heat the sludge and to maintain the slurry formed at a proper temperature for pumping.
- a plurality of distribution headers or spargers are provided, each for one of manways 34, 36, and 38.
- the purpose of the spargers is to distribute steam, as shown by arrows 40, 42, 44, and 46, into the tank in a dispersal pattern such as that shown by the lines forming a square therein.
- the steam source and conduits to deliver such steam at the locations shown by the arrows has not been depicted, this may be effected in a number of ways well known in the art. Again, in large tanks, the steam will be supplied to hoses that can be directed by workmen against the same portion of the sludge receiving the heated diluent.
- second pump 56 pumps the slurry from the tank. More particularly, such material is pumped through pipe 54 by means of pump 56 through pipe 58 to heating pot 60.
- pot 60 The purpose of pot 60 is to maintain the pumpability of the slurry that usually must be pumped to a location somewhat removed from the tank for further treatment as will be described hereinafter. Accordingly, as schematically illustrated by arrows 62 and 64, steam and additional heated diluent, respectively, are introduced in the heating pot 60 as required to maintain the slurry at the proper viscosity.
- the pot may be located 100 yards or more from tank 30 so long as the flow of material in the piping is maintained.
- the slurry is pumped through pipe 66 to blending manifold 68, the purpose of which is to make any final adjustments in the temperature and viscosity of the slurry by steam addition (shown by arrow 70) and/or heated diluent (shown by arrow 72) for optimum solids separation.
- steam addition shown by arrow 70
- heated diluent shown by arrow 72
- the separator in this embodiment is a vibrating screen having two sections of screen cloth in series, the first of which is disposed in a generally horizontal position while the following screen is inclined at about a 5 degree angle from the horizontal.
- the purpose of this incline is to permit maximum retention of waste material on the screen temporarily to insure that maximum separation of the liquid phase contained therein occurs prior to the solids separated by the screens being deposited through pipe 78 to solids box 80.
- the liquid phase is pumped by means of pump 84 through pipe 82 and pipe 86 into recovered oil tank 88.
- Solids contained in box 80 are transferred to a disposal site by conventional means.
- the screen mesh size may be determined in a conventional manner known in the art from laboratory testing of samples of the pumped waste material for particle sizes in order to enhance the solid and liquid separating function of separator 76.
- the temperature of the diluent, and volume thereof, as well as the volume of steam employed introduced at locations proximate to reference numbers 40-46, 50, 62-64, and 70-72 may all be adjusted as desired to facilitate maximum pumpability of the slurry containing the waste material as well as separability of the solids and liquid phases of the material.
- separator 94 is a centrifugal separator rather than the screen shaker type of separator 76 as used in FIG. 1.
- the centrifugal separator is required to separate the extremely fine particles of the waste material from the liquid. Obviously, if the solid portion of the sludge is made of fines that are 50 microns or less, it would be difficult to screen them out of the liquid. In fact, in some cases, it may be necessary to use the screens to take out the large particles, say 50 microns and above, and then have a centrifugal separator downstream to remove the very fine solids.
- FIG. 2 Another change in FIG. 2 from FIG. 1 is the addition of line 90 through which the diluent can be returned to diluent storage rather than sending it directly to the recovered oil tank.
- line 90 allows the operator to recycle the diluent and the water from the steam until it reaches a point where it is too contaminated with water and hydrocarbons picked up from the sludge to do an adequate job.
- the operator can close valve 96 and open valve 98 and pump contaminated diluent straight to the recovered oil tank.
- the agitating and motivating effect of the steam and heated diluent makes possible the pumping of solids material contained within the tank 30. This is significant for several reasons. In the prior art, it has been convention to simply remove the solids material from within the tank 30 for disposal. However, in many processes this solid material contains valuable liquids suitable for recycling which are otherwise lost. By heating the solids within tank 30 according to the present method and apparatus, not only are these solids rendered pumpable, simplifying their removal in a more safe and efficient manner, but because of this they enter the portion of the system that can recapture these materials from the waste.
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- central location within said container..!.. .10. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of injecting a first quantity of said steam is at a plurality of locations disposed radially outwards of and about said central location and within said container..!.. .11. The method of claim 10 wherein said waste material includes at least one hydrocarbon; and wherein said diluent is heated to a temperature no higher than about twenty degrees Fahrenheit less than the flash point of the hydrocarbon in said at least one hydrocarbon having the lowest flash point..!.. .12. A method of removing and separating liquid hydrocarbons and solids that have settled as sludge to the bottom of a container comprising injecting liquid diluent in which the hydrocarbons are soluble into the container and heating the sludge to convert the sludge into a pumpable slurry of diluted liquids and suspended solids, pumping the slurry out of the tank, adding heat as required to adjust the viscosity of the slurry for separation of the solids from the liquids in the slurry, and separating the solids from the liquid..!.. .13. The method of claim 12 in which adding heat includes adding additional heated diluent..!.. .14. The method of claim 12 in which the diluent is heated to a temperature just below the lowest flash point temperature of the material making up the sludge or the flash point of the diluent, whichever is the lower..!.. .15. The method of claim 12 in which the solids are separated from the liquid by centrifugal
- force..!..Iadd. A method for removing waste material having solid and liquid phase components from a container and separating said components, comprising: heating a diluent; injecting a first quantity of steam and said diluent into said container directly against said waste material in an amount sufficient to cause a portion of said solid phase to flow; establishing a flow of a portion of said liquid phase and said portion of said solid phase of said waste material from said container; injecting a second quantity of steam and said diluent into said flow of waste material in an amount sufficient to maintain said flow; injecting a third quantity of said steam and said diluent into said flow of waste material injected with said second quantity of said steam and diluent, said steam and diluent being in an amount functionally related to said waste material in said container to optimize said separating of said liquid and solid phases; separating said liquid and said solid phases of said waste material from said flow of said waste material by centrifugal force; and collecting volumes of said liquid and said solid phases of said waste material from said separated liquid and solid phases..Iaddend..Iadd.17. A method of removing and separating liquid hydrocarbons and solids that have settled as sludge to the bottom of a container comprising injecting liquid diluent in which the hydrocarbons are soluble into the container and heating the sludge to convert the sludge into a pumpable slurry of diluted liquids and suspended solids, pumping the slurry out of the tank, adding steam as required to adjust the viscosity of the slurry for separation of the solids from the liquids in the slurry, and separating the solids from
- the liquid by centrifugal force..Iaddend..Iadd.18. A method of removing sludge from a tank containing fine solid particles of catalyst and hydrocarbons comprising introducing a diluent and heating the sludge so as to create a pumpable slurry, pumping the slurry out of the tank, maintaining the desired viscosity of the slurry with further diluent and heating, and separating the solids from the liquids in the slurry by use of a centrifuge while injecting live steam into the slurry between the feed pump to the centrifuge and the centrifuge..Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/296,533 USRE35815E (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1994-08-26 | Method for treating waste material |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US88241286A | 1986-07-07 | 1986-07-07 | |
US9907687A | 1987-09-21 | 1987-09-21 | |
US07/215,265 US4897205A (en) | 1987-09-21 | 1988-07-05 | Method for treating waste material |
US08/296,533 USRE35815E (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1994-08-26 | Method for treating waste material |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US9907687A Continuation-In-Part | 1986-07-07 | 1987-09-21 | |
US07/215,265 Reissue US4897205A (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1988-07-05 | Method for treating waste material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE35815E true USRE35815E (en) | 1998-06-02 |
Family
ID=27378729
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/296,533 Expired - Lifetime USRE35815E (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1994-08-26 | Method for treating waste material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USRE35815E (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060225925A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-12 | M-I Llc | Apparatus and method for recovering oil-based drilling mud |
US20060243136A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-11-02 | Neale Browne | Method and apparatus for centrifugal separation enhancement |
US20080236895A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2008-10-02 | M-I L.L.C. | Apparatus and method for recovering oil-based drilling mud |
Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1722211A (en) * | 1927-10-18 | 1929-07-23 | Guardino Stephen | Method of removing sediment from the tanks of oil-burning ships and tankers |
US3790476A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1974-02-05 | Nalco Chemical Co | Latices for industrial waste coagulation |
US3929586A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1975-12-30 | Organic Chemicals Company Inc | Process for treatment of organic solvent-containing waste sludges |
US3956116A (en) * | 1974-10-16 | 1976-05-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Process for separating liquids from suspensions |
US4093542A (en) * | 1973-07-04 | 1978-06-06 | Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen & Cie | Flocculating agent comprising water-in-oil emulsion of H-active polymer carrying formaldehyde and amine radicals |
US4112357A (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1978-09-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Lighting current detector |
US4191588A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-03-04 | Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. | Method of cleaning fouled heat exchangers and other equipment |
US4260489A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-04-07 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Treatment of oily sludge |
US4303532A (en) * | 1978-07-12 | 1981-12-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Dewatering of slimes |
US4330450A (en) * | 1979-10-15 | 1982-05-18 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion |
US4395338A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-07-26 | Rowton Billy L | Method and system for dewatering reserve pits |
US4447332A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-05-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Fuel sludge treatment method, especially for leaded gasoline storage tank sludge |
US4537685A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1985-08-27 | Methods Engineering,Inc. | Method for separating intermixed solids and liquids |
US4592786A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1986-06-03 | Petroleum Fermentations N.V. | Process for cleaning an oil contaminated vessel |
-
1994
- 1994-08-26 US US08/296,533 patent/USRE35815E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1722211A (en) * | 1927-10-18 | 1929-07-23 | Guardino Stephen | Method of removing sediment from the tanks of oil-burning ships and tankers |
US3790476A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1974-02-05 | Nalco Chemical Co | Latices for industrial waste coagulation |
US3790476B1 (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1985-11-12 | ||
US3929586A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1975-12-30 | Organic Chemicals Company Inc | Process for treatment of organic solvent-containing waste sludges |
US4093542A (en) * | 1973-07-04 | 1978-06-06 | Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen & Cie | Flocculating agent comprising water-in-oil emulsion of H-active polymer carrying formaldehyde and amine radicals |
US3956116A (en) * | 1974-10-16 | 1976-05-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Process for separating liquids from suspensions |
US4112357A (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1978-09-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Lighting current detector |
US4303532A (en) * | 1978-07-12 | 1981-12-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Dewatering of slimes |
US4191588A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-03-04 | Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. | Method of cleaning fouled heat exchangers and other equipment |
US4260489A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-04-07 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Treatment of oily sludge |
US4330450A (en) * | 1979-10-15 | 1982-05-18 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion |
US4395338A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-07-26 | Rowton Billy L | Method and system for dewatering reserve pits |
US4537685A (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1985-08-27 | Methods Engineering,Inc. | Method for separating intermixed solids and liquids |
US4447332A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-05-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Fuel sludge treatment method, especially for leaded gasoline storage tank sludge |
US4592786A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1986-06-03 | Petroleum Fermentations N.V. | Process for cleaning an oil contaminated vessel |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
"Large-Scale Dewatering of Phosphatic Clay Waste From Central Florida" by B. J. Schiner, Annie G. Smelley, and D. R. Brooks-Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations/1982 RI 8611, 1982. |
Large Scale Dewatering of Phosphatic Clay Waste From Central Florida by B. J. Schiner, Annie G. Smelley, and D. R. Brooks Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations/1982 RI 8611, 1982. * |
Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes, vol. VI, Solid Wastes, American Petroleum Institute, Division of Refining, New York, NY, 1963. * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060225925A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-12 | M-I Llc | Apparatus and method for recovering oil-based drilling mud |
US20060243136A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-11-02 | Neale Browne | Method and apparatus for centrifugal separation enhancement |
US20080236896A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2008-10-02 | M-I L.L.C. | Apparatus and method for recovering oil-based drilling mud |
US20080236895A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2008-10-02 | M-I L.L.C. | Apparatus and method for recovering oil-based drilling mud |
US7455783B2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2008-11-25 | M-I L.L.C. | Method for centrifugal separation enhancement |
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