USPP16594P3 - Avocado tree named ‘Carla’ - Google Patents
Avocado tree named ‘Carla’ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP16594P3 USPP16594P3 US10/889,332 US88933204V USPP16594P3 US PP16594 P3 USPP16594 P3 US PP16594P3 US 88933204 V US88933204 V US 88933204V US PP16594 P3 USPP16594 P3 US PP16594P3
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- carla
- color
- tree
- avocado
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 240000002426 Persea americana var. drymifolia Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 48
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000972349 Ocoa Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007773 growth pattern Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007265 Myrrhis odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011236 Persea americana var americana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000264897 Persea americana var. americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004760 Pimpinella anisum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012550 Pimpinella anisum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010168 dichogamy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036548 skin texture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/52—Lauraceae, e.g. avocado
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of Persea americana is disclosed. A vigorous moderately-spreading upright growth habit is exhibited. The tree starts blooming in mid-March and the blooms are of the “B” type. The fruit is harvested from late February through May. The fruit is elliptical-spheroid obliquely toward apex on one side, occasionally fruit have a raised ridge, chimera, running along a side from the stem down. The fruit skin is a dark green, nearly smooth. This fruit has good to excellent quality flesh.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Persea americana.
Varietal denomination: ‘Carla’.
This invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Avocado tree (Persea americana), denominated ‘Carla’.
The ‘Carla’ tree was discovered in 1994 as a single plant in the inventor's orchard in the Ocoa River valley of the Dominican Republic. Had the new variety not been discovered and preserved it would have been lost to mankind.
‘Carla’ was first asexually propagated in 1994 by grafting budwood onto rootstocks in the inventor's nursery in Ocoa, Dominican Republic, and directly in the inventor's orchards in the Ocoa River Valley, Dominican Republic. This and subsequent asexual propagation has confirmed that the new variety is stable and that the progeny are formed true to type.
‘Carla’ is a Guatemalan×West Indian hybrid, seedling of unknown parentage. It was discovered as a precocious and consistent fruit setting seedling tree.
‘Carla’ has several unique and distinguishing characteristics which make it commercially valuable. It is the only West Indian variety that matures in late February known to the inventors and can be harvested through May. Through experimentation it has been demonstrated that with proper irrigation the fruit will hang from the trees through the month of June. No West Indian varieties known to the inventors of avocado fruit are harvested during this time period. The West Indian avocado harvest season generally extends from mid-May to March, with the peak production period being from July through December.
Fruit is of large size and with good to excellent quality. The fruit oil content is 8% to 13%. The fruit flesh does not readily oxidize when cut. Flesh discoloration beings to occur 24-48 hours after the fruit is cut. The fruit is fairly cold tolerant and can be stored at 7.2° C. to 7.5° C. and 90% relative humidity for several weeks. The fruit has been shipped to Puerto Rico and the east coast of the United States without any post harvest problems. As the young orchards come into heavier production the use of cold storage could possibly extend the sales season for this variety through July.
‘Carla’ can be distinguished from all previously known avocado varieties in view of its distinctive combination of characteristics. ‘Carla’ is believed to be well suited for production of quality avocados under commercial growing conditions. Observations of the new ‘Carla’ tree may be made at the inventor's orchard in the Ocoa River valley of the Dominican Republic.
The accompanying photographic illustrations show typical specimens of the vegetative growth and flowers of the new variety in different stages of development and depicted in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible.
The following is a detailed botanical description of the tree of the present invention. The trees are being grown and propagated in the Ocoa Valley region of the Dominican Republic. The trees being described were approximately 6 years of age at the time of photographing, and have been grafted on Persea americana seedling rootstocks. The rootstocks are of the Guatemalan×West Indian cultivars.
Color references are to The R.H.S. Colour Chart of The Royal Horticultural Society, London, England. Where appropriate, general color terms are used in accordance with the ordinary dictionary.
- Tree:
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- Growth habit.—A vigorous moderately-spreading upright growth habit is exhibited.
- Height.—The trees are maintained at a height of 3.5 meters to 4.5 meters. Orchard trees in tropical areas can reach heights as high as 15 to 25 meters. However, they are generally maintained at much lower heights, 3 to 7 meters via topping and pruning.
- Width.—Approximately 3 meters on average. The diameter is controlled by pruning.
- Bark.—New wood is normal green, smooth bark, without corky or specially pigmented lenticels. Old wood is similar to most avocado varieties. Mature bark is Grayed-Green Group 196A in coloration.
- Trunk size.—Approximately 10 cm to 15 cm in diameter at 30 cm to 40 cm high. However, this will vary greatly among the trees because the understock (rootstocks) used will vary in their growth pattern.
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- Foliage:
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- Leaf arrangement.—The leaves are alternate and entire with a rounded base.
- Young leaves.—Anthocyanin is present in young stems and leaves, varying from light to moderate.
- Mature leaves.—Large size, shape is lanceolate with an acute point. The margins of the leaves are entire with wavy margins.
- Leaf length.—Average length is 250 mm, range 190 mm to 320 mm.
- Leaf width.—Narrow to wide, average width is 90 mm, range 70 mm to 130 mm.
- Leaf tip.—Acute, anthocyanin present in newly emerged leaves, anise aroma not present when crushed.
- Leaf margin.—Entire and wavy.
- Leaf texture.—Pubescent when young becomes smooth and leathery when mature.
- Leaf color.—Upper surfaces of mature leaves are Yellow-Green Group 139A in coloration. Lower surfaces are Yellow-Green Group 137C in coloration. Leaf color can vary with leaf age, location on the tree, light exposure and individual nutrition.
- Leaf venation pattern.—Pinnate leaf venation pattern.
- Leaf vein color.—Yellow-Green Group 144 D to 145 A.
- Petiole length.—Average length is 47 mm, range 35 mm to 44 mm.
- Petiole diameter.—Average diameter is 3.4 mm, range 3.8 mm to 4.5 mm.
- Petiole color.—Color is near Yellow-Green Group 145A. Color range Yellow-Green Group 145A to 145D).
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- Inflorescence:
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- Flower type.—Type “B”. Flowers exhibit a unique behavior described as “protogynous dichogamy with synchronous daily complementarity” and are borne in panicles. A single tree may have hundreds of panicles, each potentially with hundreds or thousands of flowers. A mature tree may have a million flowers.
- Opening.—Flowers start opening as a female flower late morning to early afternoon. The male flower opens the next morning; the flower's cycle last 20 to24 hours. The flowering behavior is commonly observed when climatic conditions are ideal but the cycle may be disrupted, particularly by cool temperatures.
- Reproductive organs.—The reproductive organs consist of nine (9) fertile stamens each having four (4) pollen chambers and two (2) basal orange nectar glands, three (3) staminodia are present; anthers tetrathecal; ovary pubescent. The single pistil has one (1) carpel with one (1) ovule.
- Bud shape.—Lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, rounded base, acute tip.
- Bud size.—Bud length varies between 8 and 9 mm. Bud width averages 4 mm.
- Petal.—Petals are Green-Yellow Group 151A in coloration, average length is about 6 mm; average width about 2 mm; margins are smooth and uniform, texture is smooth; densely silky-tomentose on both surfaces. Shape is apex acute, base flattened.
- Pedicel.—Pedicels are Green-Yellow Group 151A in coloration. Average length about 5 mm to 6 mm; width about 1 mm to 2 mm; average diameter about 1 mm.
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- Fruit (mature):
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- Shape.—Early maturing, size large to very large. Shape is obovate-spheroid, fruit apex is rounded, asymmetrical pedicel insertion, bottom of fruit is somewhat flattened. Occasionally fruit have a raised ridge, chimera, running along a side from the stem down.
- Pedicel.—Average length 11 mm, range 8 mm to 15 mm. Average diameter 13.5 mm, range 12 mm to 15.5 mm. Coloration is Yellow-Green Group N144A. Color range is Yellow-Green Group N144A to N151D.
- Peduncle.—Average length 85 mm, range 40 mm to 150 mm. Color Yellow-Green Group N144A. Color range Yellow-Green Group N144A to N151D.
- Fruit size.—Typical mature fruit length 130 mm, range 120 mm to 140 mm. Typical mature fruit diameter 120 mm, range 110 mm to 130 mm.
- Fruit weight.—Typical mature fruit weight averages 920 g.
- Fruit skin.—Typical fruit skin color is Yellow-Green Group 147 B to C. Skin texture is smooth to slightly rough and cuts easily. Fruit skin diameter is relatively thick.
- Fruit flesh color.—Yellow-Green Group 153C.
- Fruit weight.—Average fruit weight 920 g, range 425 g to 1243 g. The fruit weight will depend on the crop load of the trees and whether the fruit is allowed to hang longer on the trees.
- Seed.—Medium to large size, fits tightly into the cavity. Shape is longitudinal section, base flattened, ovate, apex conical. Weight about 45 g, range 39 g to 50 g. Length is about 45 mm, range 42 mm to 46 mm. Diameter averages 55 mm, range 52 mm to 58 mm. Color of seed coat Grayed Orange Group 166D. The cotyledon color is Orange White Group 159C.
- Flesh.—Texture is smooth with fibers in flesh inconspicuous.
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- Productivity: ‘Carla’ allows trees to set heavy. Trees consistently bear relatively large amounts of fruit. The trees under observation have never failed to set a large crop.
- Market use: The fruit is well suited for the fresh retail and food service markets. The large size of the fruit makes it uniquely suitable for restaurant and food service markets. The fruit has good to excellent flavor and it has the unusual characteristic of not oxidizing after it has been cut in half. The flesh will not discolor when left in the open for up to six (6) to eight (8) hours. When refrigerated the cut fruit maintains it color without discoloring for over 48 hours giving it excellent storability and suitability to environments where the consumer does not intend to use entire fruit at one time.
The fruit can be stored at 7.2° C. to 7.5° C. and +90% relative humidity, for several weeks without any internal breakdown. Natural ripening occurs five (5) to eight (8) days after harvesting.
‘Carla’ has pick dates from February through early June without significant market competition from any other West Indian variety. Its ability to withstand long term cold storage reasonably enables sales into the month of July. The inventor is not aware of any variety of avocado tree in the Dominican Republic, other than ‘Carla’, that has consistently produced fruit of marketable size and weight which can be harvested as late as March through June. This characteristic renders ‘Carla’ unique and patentable.
The relatively thick skin gives good protection to the flesh when it is being handled, either by picking, washing, packing or transporting. Fruit texture makes it suitable for use in place of butter, a common use of the avocados since it has no cholesterol and is plentiful in natural oils that are beneficial to the consumer's health. The ‘Carla’ fruit is suitable for use in fresh salads, guacamole, dips, sauces and other avocado by-products.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of avocado tree substantially as herein shown and described.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/889,332 USPP16594P3 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | Avocado tree named ‘Carla’ |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/889,332 USPP16594P3 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | Avocado tree named ‘Carla’ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060010540P1 US20060010540P1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
USPP16594P3 true USPP16594P3 (en) | 2006-05-30 |
Family
ID=35542857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/889,332 Active 2024-11-17 USPP16594P3 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | Avocado tree named ‘Carla’ |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USPP16594P3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP23885P3 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-09-10 | Julius Pflum | Avocado tree named ‘Pflum's Best’ |
US20140349002A1 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-11-27 | The Iams Company | Ingestible Compositions Containing Criollo Avocado Component |
-
2004
- 2004-07-12 US US10/889,332 patent/USPP16594P3/en active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP23885P3 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-09-10 | Julius Pflum | Avocado tree named ‘Pflum's Best’ |
US20140349002A1 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-11-27 | The Iams Company | Ingestible Compositions Containing Criollo Avocado Component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060010540P1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
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