US9487565B2 - Zein composition and methods of production - Google Patents
Zein composition and methods of production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9487565B2 US9487565B2 US14/285,416 US201414285416A US9487565B2 US 9487565 B2 US9487565 B2 US 9487565B2 US 201414285416 A US201414285416 A US 201414285416A US 9487565 B2 US9487565 B2 US 9487565B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zein
- composition
- zein composition
- fermentation
- extraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 317
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 317
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 317
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108010055615 Zein Proteins 0.000 claims description 247
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 166
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 157
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 63
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000004252 protein component Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 46
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 8
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 cysteine amino acid Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012045 crude solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021472 generally recognized as safe Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108060006613 prolamin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XXRYFVCIMARHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-dimethoxyphosphorylcarbamate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)NC(=O)OC(C)C XXRYFVCIMARHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021309 simple sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009492 tablet coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002700 tablet coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
- C07K14/425—Zeins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y02E50/16—
-
- Y02E50/17—
Definitions
- the present application relates to systems and methods for the extraction of protein from a fermentation product.
- the present application also relates to a system for the extraction of zein from fermented solids in the production of ethanol from corn.
- the present application further relates to a composition of extracted zein comprising alpha-zein, beta-zein, and gamma-zein.
- Zein is a group of plant proteins that can be extracted from corn or corn-protein-containing substrates, such as corn gluten meal and has utility as a raw material for a variety of non-toxic and renewable polymer applications. Zein is classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and has a variety of commercial uses including the manufacture of edible food packaging, edible films, biodegradable plastic resins, chewing gum base, tablet-coating compounds, adhesives, coatings for paper cups, soda bottle cap linings, etc. Zein can also be processed into resins and other bioplastic polymers, which can be extruded or rolled into a variety of plastic products.
- GRAS Generally Recognized As Safe
- Zein belongs to a class of proteins called prolamins, which are soluble in alcohol, and comprises approximately forty to fifty percent of the total protein in corn, or about four percent of the corn kernel. Zein has been further divided into four subclasses: alpha-zein, beta-zein, gamma-zein, and delta-zein.
- Alpha-zein is the primary commercially used zein and accounts for about seventy percent of the zein in corn.
- Beta-zein accounts for about five percent of the zein in corn.
- Gamma-zein accounts for approximately twenty to twenty-five percent of the zein in corn and delta-zein accounts for about one to five percent of the zein in corn.
- Each zein type (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) has a different amino-acid profile and exhibits slightly different physical properties.
- Zein can be extracted and recovered from corn or co-products from corn processing.
- the composition and characteristics of the resulting zein may depend on the starting material and the extraction solvent.
- ethanol can be produced from grain-based feedstocks (such as corn).
- Ethanol production from corn produces fermentation products (e.g., co-products) that are suitable for use as starting materials for zein extraction.
- co-product includes corn gluten meal (CGM), a by-product of wet milling ethanol production.
- CGM corn gluten meal
- ethanol is produced from corn by first steeping the corn kernels in water that contains sulfur dioxide, and then separating the kernels into endosperm, fiber and germ. The endosperm is further processed to produce starch and corn gluten, which can be dried into Corn Gluten Meal.
- Corn Gluten Meal is a typical starting material for zein extraction due to its high protein content (sixty percent or greater).
- the sulfur dioxide or other chemicals that may be used during the preparation (e.g., in a steeping process) of corn gluten meal may adversely affect zein quality.
- Another co-product from which zein may be extracted comes from a dry-milling process.
- a starch containing material such as corn
- the slurry may be cooked to liquefy the starch and to facilitate saccharification.
- Additional enzymes may be added to complete saccharification to break down the starch into simple sugars (e.g. glucose) that can be fermented using an ethanologen (e.g. yeast).
- the fermentation produces a fermentation product that comprises a liquid portion or component and a solids portion or component.
- the liquid portion comprises ethanol, water, and other soluble components.
- the residual solids comprise, for example proteins, fiber, oil, and other insoluble components.
- the fermentation product comprising a liquid component and a solids component may be distilled to separate ethanol and whole stillage (e.g. wet solids or fermentation solids).
- Whole stillage comprises residual solids and water, and may be further separated into wet cake and thin stillage.
- Wet cake (wet solids) can be dried into meal such as dried distillers grains (DDG); thin stillage can be reduced to syrup and added to the wet cake or meal during the drying process to produce dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS).
- Meal such as DDG and DDGS can be used as an animal feed product.
- the wet cake or dried meals (DDG and/or DDGS) may be used as a starting material for zein extraction.
- starch may be converted into sugars and fermented in a raw-starch process without “cooking” or liquefaction. Heat damage to proteins and other components of the slurry may be avoided by using the raw-starch process.
- the resulting wet cake, DDG or DDGS from the raw starch process may likewise be used for zein extraction.
- a dry fractionation process that does not utilize sulfur dioxide may be used instead of wet milling to fractionate the corn into endosperm, fiber and germ.
- the amount of residual solids in the fermentation product can be reduced by fractionation and by eliminating fiber and germ, both low in starch, from fermentation.
- Endosperm is primarily comprised of starch and protein with small amounts of fiber and oil present. Zein is also concentrated in the endosperm; more than half of the endosperm protein may be comprised of zein. When endosperm is fermented, the residual solids comprise a high concentration of zein.
- the dried residual solids from endosperm fermentation are high in protein and result in a meal that is called “high protein dried distiller grains” (DDG HP).
- DDG HP is well suited as a starting material for zein extraction.
- alpha-zein As previously noted, four different types of zein proteins are present in corn: alpha-zein, beta-zein, gamma-zein, and delta-zein. Each zein type has a different amino-acid profile and exhibits slightly different properties.
- the predominant commercially available zein sold in industry currently is comprised almost entirely of alpha-zein. The melt strength of this zein is low making it ineffective as a material for blown films. Films of commercial zein are brittle and weak compared to synthetic films. These physical properties are the result of alpha-zein containing only one cysteine, thus making it able to only form one disulfide bond.
- beta-zein and gamma-zein contain greater number of cysteine amino acid bases, at 12 and 15 cysteine respectively.
- zein formulations with greater concentrations of beta- and gamma-zein may have higher melting temperatures and greater plasticity. This may enable zein products to be utilized in a wider range of applications, including blown films, and plastics of greater strength.
- a system and method of producing a zein composition is disclosed.
- a zein composition including high cysteine content is disclosed.
- the zein composition may include alpha-, beta- and gamma-zein.
- the beta- and gamma-zein may comprise from about 12% to about 60% of the zein in the zein composition.
- beta and gamma zein content may be higher, such as at least 25%, 35% and 40%.
- the zein composition can be produced from a feedstock in a system configured to produce ethanol and distillers grains from a fermentation product.
- the method comprises the steps of processing the feedstock into a starch containing component and creating a slurry comprising the starch containing component.
- the method comprises the steps of preparing the starch containing component of the slurry into a fermentable component for fermentation and fermenting at least a portion of the fermentable component of the slurry into the fermentation product.
- the method comprises the steps of processing the fermentation product into zein compositions comprising the ethanol and the distillers dried grains and producing a zein composition comprising from about 12% to about 60% of the zein in the zein composition from the fermentation product.
- Producing the zein composition can comprise extracting a first zein composition from the fermentation product using a solvent solution in a first vessel.
- the fermentation product may then be subjected to a second extraction, whereby a second solvent solution extracts a second zein composition.
- the second solvent solution may include an extraction agent to increase the levels of cysteine (higher beta- and gamma-zein content) within the second zein composition.
- Extraction agents may include acids, sulfites, thiols, and alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of an ethanol production facility, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIGS. 2A through 2C are block diagrams of an ethanol production facility, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 3 is a first block diagram of the equipment used in an ethanol production facility comprising a system for extracting zein from fermented solids, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 4 is a second block diagram of the equipment used in an ethanol production facility comprising a system for extracting zein from fermented solids, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIGS. 5A through 5B are process flow diagrams of a system for extraction of zein from raw starch dry solids (DDG) and raw starch endosperm dry solids (DDG HP), in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 5A is a process flow for zein extraction using a milling process.
- FIG. 5B is a process flow for zein extraction using a fractionation process.
- FIGS. 6A through 6B are process flow diagrams of a system for zein extraction, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 6A is a process flow for zein extraction from raw starch endosperm beer.
- FIG. 6B is a process flow for zein extraction from wet cake.
- FIGS. 7A through 7C are tables of the average composition of fermented solids, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 7A is a table of beer composition for conventional, raw starch, and endosperm fermentation.
- FIG. 7B is a table of a wet cake composition for raw starch fermentation.
- FIG. 7C is a table of dried solids (DDG) composition for conventional, raw starch, and endosperm fermentation.
- DDG dried solids
- FIG. 8 is a chart for the average composition of beer in conventional, raw starch, and raw starch endosperm fermentations, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 9 is a chart for the average protein content in starting materials for zein extraction, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 10 is a table for the operating conditions and parameters for a zein extraction vessel, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 11 is a graphical representation of parameters and operating conditions for a zein extraction process, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 12 is a table illustrating zein extraction yield from different starting materials, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 13 is an example chromatogram of zein composition extracted from high protein dried distillers grain with an extraction agent, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 14 is an example chromatogram of zein composition extracted from high protein dried distillers grain without an extraction agent, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 15 is an example chromatogram of zein composition extracted from pre-extracted high protein dried distillers grain with an extraction agent, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 16 is an example chromatogram of zein composition extracted from corn gluten meal with an extraction agent, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 17 is an example chromatogram of zein composition extracted from corn gluten meal without an extraction agent, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 18 is an example chromatogram of zein composition extracted from pre-extracted corn gluten meal with an extraction agent, in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 19 is a table for composition of zein from data generated from experimental extractions, in accordance with some embodiments.
- the present invention relates to compositions, and systems and methods of manufacture for these compositions.
- high cysteine containing zein formulations are disclosed.
- These zein compositions include higher ratios of beta ( ⁇ ) and gamma ( ⁇ ) zein, which include 12 and 15 cysteine respectively.
- alpha ( ⁇ ) zein of which almost all commercially available zein is composed of, contains a single cysteine. Cysteine enables the zein molecules to form disulfide bonds.
- plastics and films made from predominantly alpha zein may have low melting temperatures, and tend to be brittle and weak, in comparison to compositions of zein with greater levels of bet-a and gamma-zein which may be substantially stronger, with higher melting temperatures. This potentially opens a much larger range of applications to these cysteine-rich zein formulations, including durable plastics and blown films, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an ethanol plant 100 , in accordance with some embodiments.
- the ethanol plant can comprise a system configured to process feedstock into a fermentation product and zein compositions including ethanol and meal.
- the plant comprises a facility for producing corn-based ethanol and zein can be extracted from fermentation solids, a component of the fermentation product.
- the fermentation solids may comprise beer, beer solids, wet solids, wet cake, or dry solids, meal distillers grains, (e.g., DDG, DDGS, DDG HP).
- the ethanol plant can utilize various systems and methods, such as conventional starch liquefaction (e.g., cooked starch or raw starch hydrolysis, among other processes) to process corn (or other types of biomass).
- conventional starch liquefaction e.g., cooked starch or raw starch hydrolysis, among other processes
- the presently illustrated ethanol plant 100 includes an area 102 where corn (or other suitable material including, but not limited to, biomass, sugars, and other starch products) is delivered and prepared to be supplied to the ethanol production facility.
- the ethanol production facility comprises apparatus 104 for preparation and treatment (e.g., milling) of the corn into corn flour suitable for fermentation into fermentation product in a fermentation system 106 .
- the ethanol production facility comprises a distillation system 108 in which the fermentation product is distilled and dehydrated into ethanol.
- the biorefinery may also comprise, in some embodiments, a by-product treatment system (shown as comprising a centrifuge, a dryer, and an evaporator).
- FIGS. 2A through 2C are schematic block diagrams of an ethanol production facility.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic block diagram of a system for a facility using a conventional “cooked starch” fermentation process 200 .
- a “cooked starch” ethanol plant producing ethanol from corn corn kernels are processed by milling in a hammer mill 202 or other grinder in order to generate flour.
- the starch-containing flour is then slurried with water and cooked in a cooker 204 to generate mash. “Cooking” the slurry is typically performed at a temperature at or above the gelatinization temperature of the starch (typically at or above 60-75 deg C.).
- the mash may then be provided to a liquefaction tank 206 to be liquefied to facilitate saccharification where the starch is converted into sugar (glucose).
- the liquefied mash, plus enzymes and an ethanologen may be provided to the fermentation tank 208 where the sugar is converted by the ethanologen (yeast) into ethanol.
- the product of the fermentation is beer that comprises a liquid component and a solids component, which is provided to a distillation system 210 for separation of the ethanol.
- the leftover whole stillage may be separated by centrifuge 212 or screw press into wet cake (solids) or thin stillage (liquid).
- the thin stillage may be condensed in an evaporator 216 to syrup.
- Wet cake may be dried in the dryer 214 to yield dried distillers grain (DDG).
- the syrup may optionally be added to the DDG to yield dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS).
- FIG. 2B is a schematic block diagram of a system for a facility using a “raw starch” fermentation process.
- starch may be converted and fermented without “cooking” or liquefaction (as in the “cooked starch” process).
- the corm may be milled at a hammer mill 218 , or other grinder, to flour.
- the flour may be added to a slurry tank 220 with water and enzymes to generate a mash.
- the mash may then be fermented as discussed above.
- FIG. 2C is a schematic block diagram of a system for a facility using a raw starch endosperm fermentation process 204 .
- the corn kernel is fractionated in a fractionation mill 222 into endosperm, germ and fiber.
- the fractionation process is intended to separate the starch-containing endosperm from the germ and fiber (which are low in starch).
- the endosperm is then supplied to the slurry tank 220 of the “raw starch” fermentation process.
- the output after fermentation, distilling and drying is High Protein Dry Distillers Grain (DDG HP).
- DDG HP High Protein Dry Distillers Grain
- FIG. 3 One embodiment of the equipment used in an ethanol production facility for zein extraction from fermented solids (e.g., DDG HP, DDGS, DDG, beer, and wet cake) is illustrated in FIG. 3 . Substantially the same equipment is utilized for each of the different fermentation processes (conventional, raw starch, raw starch endosperm) and for each of the different starting materials (Corn Gluten Meal, fermented solids, DDG HP, DDGS, DDG, beer, wet cake).
- the feedstock utilized is DDG HP.
- the feedstock used could be DDG.
- the feedstock used could be Corn Gluten Meal (CGM).
- the zein extraction and recovery process may comprise three steps: extraction, refinement (e.g., purification), and recovery.
- the extraction step removes zein by solubilization; zein is soluble in aqueous alcohol.
- the extraction equipment comprises a reactor vessel 302 into which are input fermentation solids (which can be processed through a hammer mill 304 ); the fermentation solids are the output of the various ethanol processes shown in FIGS. 2A through 2C .
- an extraction agent (optional), alcohol, water, steam, and acid (optional).
- the extraction agent utilized is Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), however, in some embodiments other alkali or surfactants may be utilized as an extraction agent.
- the agent can comprise potassium hydroxide.
- the agent can comprise an acid, such as hydrochloric acid.
- the extraction agent can alternatively comprise an alkali hydroxide.
- the extraction agent can be sulfite, such as sodium metabisulfite.
- the extraction agent can comprise a thiol, such as 2-mercaptoethanol.
- the alcohol can be selected from an alcohol composition comprising C1 to C7 alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or propanol). According to certain embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol.
- C1 to C7 alcohols e.g., methanol, ethanol, or propanol.
- the alcohol is ethanol.
- the aqueous alcohol (or aqueous ethanol) solution comprises an extraction agent, such as sodium hydroxide in an amount based on the dry solids of the starting material.
- an extraction agent such as sodium hydroxide in an amount based on the dry solids of the starting material.
- up to 7.0 percent of sodium hydroxide is used.
- the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 2.8-4.0 percent.
- the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3.2-3.8 percent.
- other alkali, detergents or surfactants may, in some embodiments, be likewise utilized as an extraction agent.
- the contents of the reactor vessel 302 are drained into a centrifuge, such as a disc nozzle centrifuge 306 (or basket centrifuge), for separation into a solids component and a liquid component comprising ethanol and zein.
- a centrifuge such as a disc nozzle centrifuge 306 (or basket centrifuge)
- Zein can be refined by filtration and recovered from the liquid component by drying or precipitation.
- the refinement or purification step may comprise the use of multiple filters (or membranes) configured to remove matter having different sizes (e.g., membrane filters having different pore sizes).
- the first filter 308 can have, for example, one micrometer pore size (e.g., a micro filter).
- the first filter 308 is designed to protect the ultra filtration membrane by removing suspended solids that were not removed in the separation step.
- the solids are sent to a tank 310 and the liquids are further processed to recover the zein.
- the liquids are then passed over a second filter 312 , which can be a membrane filter with a 10 , 000 molecular weight cutoff intended to remove small molecular weight components and to concentrate the zein solution.
- the retentate e.g., zein/ethanol solution
- a holding tank 314 vessel or mixing reactor
- the permeate may be further processed for ethanol recovery (e.g., by distillation).
- Zein is recovered from the retentate solution (e.g., from the second filter 312 ) by drying the solution (for example with a vacuum double drum dryer 316 or a desolventizer).
- the zein solution can be precipitated by diluting the alcohol concentration to where zein is no longer soluble (e.g., 50 percent (w/v) or less depending upon temperature).
- zeolite can be utilized to remove impurities from the zein composition.
- a crude solution of a zein contained in an aqueous alcohol solvent is contacted with a zeolite adsorbent under conditions effective for adsorption of the color and odor impurities in the zein solution onto the zeolite.
- the treated solution may be separated from the adsorbent with the intent to recover high quality zein dissolved in the aqueous alcohol solvent.
- more impurities e.g., residual color or order
- the process can be conducted using batch, semi-continuous, or continuous systems.
- FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the equipment used in an ethanol production facility for zein extraction from fermented solids (e.g., DDG HP, DDGS, DDG, beer, and wet cake) is illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- Such an extraction system may be utilized for the generation of high beta and gamma zein products.
- Substantially the same equipment is utilized for each of the different fermentation processes (conventional, raw starch, raw starch endosperm) and for each of the different starting materials (Corn Gluten Meal, fermented solids, DDG HP, DDGS, DDG, beer, wet cake).
- the feedstock utilized is DDG HP.
- the feedstock used could be DDG.
- the feedstock used could be Corn Gluten Meal (CGM).
- the zein extraction and recovery process may comprise four steps: extraction, separation, re-extraction, refinement and recovery.
- the first extraction step removes primarily alpha zein by solubilization; zein is soluble in aqueous alcohol.
- the extraction equipment comprises a first reactor vessel 402 into which are input fermentation solids (which can be processed through a hammer mill 404 ); the fermentation solids are the output of the various ethanol processes shown in FIGS. 2A through 2C .
- the no extraction agent is utilized for the initial extraction. This ensures that the zein removed by initial extraction is predominantly alpha-zein.
- the alcohol can be selected from an alcohol composition comprising C1 to C7 alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, or propanol). According to certain embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol.
- the mixture may be provided to a centrifuge 406 for separation of the liquids (including alpha zein, ethanol and water) from the solids (pre-extracted solids).
- the liquid portion may then be provided to one or more filters 418 for purification and concentration.
- the alpha zein may be recovered at a dryer 420 or via a precipitation.
- the permeate may be collected for ethanol recovery.
- the pre-extracted solids may then be provided to a second reaction vessel for re-extraction of zein protein.
- extraction agent is added to the second reaction vessel 408 .
- the extraction agent may include an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide in an amount based on the dry solids of the starting material. According to an exemplary embodiment, up to 7.0 percent of sodium hydroxide is used. According to some embodiment, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 2.8-4.0 percent. According to some specific embodiment, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3.2-3.8 percent. Note that other alkali, detergents or surfactants may, in some embodiments, be likewise utilized as an extraction agent.
- the contents of the second reactor vessel 408 are drained into a centrifuge, such as a disc nozzle centrifuge 410 (or basket centrifuge), for separation into a solids component and a liquid component comprising ethanol and zein.
- a centrifuge such as a disc nozzle centrifuge 410 (or basket centrifuge)
- Zein with a high concentration of beta and gamma zein, can be refined by filtration and recovered from the liquid component by drying or precipitation.
- One or more filters 414 condense the high beta and gamma zein. Permeate from filtration may be collected for ethanol recovery and the like.
- the retentate which includes the high beta- and gamma-zein, is provided to a dryer 416 (for example with a vacuum double drum dryer or a desolventizer) for recovery of the zein composition which is high in beta and gamma zein.
- the zein solution can be precipitated by diluting the alcohol concentration to where zein is no longer soluble (e.g., 50 percent (w/v) or less).
- Left over solids may also be dried in a dryer 412 to provide feed material, such as high protein DDG, Corn Gluten Meal, DDG or DDGS, dependent upon the starting material.
- zeolite can be utilized to remove impurities from the zein composition.
- a crude solution of a zein contained in an aqueous alcohol solvent is contacted with a zeolite adsorbent under conditions effective for adsorption of the color and odor impurities in the zein solution onto the zeolite.
- the treated solution may be separated from the adsorbent with the intent to recover high quality zein dissolved in the aqueous alcohol solvent.
- more impurities e.g., residual color or order
- the process can be conducted using batch, semi-continuous, or continuous systems.
- FIGS. 5A through 5B illustrate process flow diagrams for zein extraction from dry solids (DDG) and endosperm dry solids (DDG HP) from a raw starch fermentation process.
- FIG. 5A illustrates a process flow 502 for zein extraction from a raw starch fermentation process (e.g., without using fractionation).
- the DDG or DDGS 504 is used for zein extraction and recovery 506 can come from the ethanol production process 508 after the drying step 510 .
- Zein extraction may include either of the single extraction, as outlined in FIG. 3 , or the double extraction, as outlined in FIG. 4 .
- a single extraction without an extraction agent yields a high alpha zein product.
- FIG. 5B illustrates a process flow 512 for zein extraction with fractionation 514 .
- the corn germ and fiber 516 are separated from the endosperm 518 and removed, leaving the endosperm 518 for fermentation 520 .
- the DDG HP 522 is used for zein extraction 526 and recovery after drying in the ethanol production process 528 .
- zein extraction may be either a single extraction or a double extraction dependent upon zein characteristics desired.
- FIG. 6A illustrates a process flow 602 for zein extraction from raw starch endosperm beer.
- the corn 604 is fractionated 606 to remove the germ and fiber 608 , leaving the endosperm 610 for fermentation 612 .
- a slurry 614 is created.
- the beer solids are used for zein extraction and recovery after fermentation. Again, either a single or double extraction may be performed.
- FIG. 6B illustrates a process flow 616 zein extraction from wet cake. As illustrated, the corn kernel 618 undergoes fractionation 620 to remove the germ and fiber 622 from the endosperm 624 .
- a slurry 626 is created.
- the endosperm 624 is saccharified and fermented 628 into a fermentation product, such as beer that is separated 630 into a liquid component, shown as thin stillage 632 , and a solids component, shown as comprising wet cake 634 .
- the wet cake 634 is used for zein extraction (either single or double extractions) 636 and recovery 638 .
- FIGS. 7A through 7C are tables of the average (representative for commercial production) composition of fermented solids (DDG, DDG HP, DDGS, beer, and wet cake), intended to be utilized as starting materials for zein extraction.
- FIG. 7A is a table of beer composition and is also visually represented in FIG. 8 , which illustrates a chart for the average composition of beer used in examples according to an exemplary embodiment.
- Data for beer from three different types of processes is displayed: conventional fermentation, raw starch fermentation, and endosperm fermentation. The numbers are on an “as is” condition. The beer composition and other information was collected from six experiments.
- FIG. 7B Wet cake composition for raw starch fermentation is illustrated in FIG. 7B .
- the average moisture content of the wet cake is about 69 percent and protein content is about 31 percent of dry matter.
- FIG. 7C illustrates a table for dried solids (DDG) composition for conventional fermentation, raw starch fermentation, and endosperm fermentation.
- DDG dried solids
- a chart for the average protein content 902 in starting materials for zein extraction is illustrated in FIG. 9 .
- the protein content for each starting material is divided into two subsets, one for dry basis (left portion of the chart) and one for the starting material in an “as is” condition (right portion of the chart).
- the starting material can be conventional beer, conventional DDGS, raw starch beer, raw starch wet cake, raw starch DDGS, endosperm beer, and/or endosperm DDGS.
- the concentration values are represented as percentages.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a table for the operating conditions and parameters for a zein extraction.
- a typical range, an example range, and a second example value or range is provided for each of a solvent to solids ratio, a solvent to solids ratio for beer, a solvent ethanol concentration, a sodium hydroxide concentration, a temperature, and an extraction time.
- a graphical representation of these parameters and operating conditions is illustrated in FIG. 11 .
- the ranges of zein extraction parameters and operating conditions are shown using nested ranges.
- the typical range is represented by the outer identified values
- the first example range is identified by the inner identified values
- the second example value or range is identified within the dotted blocks.
- the solvent to solids ratio 1102 is the weight of the solvent (combined ethanol and water) relative to the weight of the solids.
- a typical range of solvent to solids ratio is from 4:1 to 10:1. In one embodiment, the range of solvent to solids ratio is from 4:1 through to 7:1. In another embodiment, the solvent to solids ratio is 5:1.
- a typical range of solvent to solids ratio is from 6:1 to 10:1. In one embodiment, the range of solvent to solids ratio is from 7:1 to 10:1. In another embodiment, the solvent to solids ratio is from 7:1 to 8:1.
- the solvent ethanol concentration 1106 is the weight percent concentration of ethanol in extraction solvent.
- a typical range for solvent ethanol concentration is from about 40 to about 90 percent.
- a first example range for solvent ethanol concentration is about 50 to about 80 percent.
- a second example range for solvent ethanol concentration is from about 60 to about 70 percent.
- an alkali, detergent or surfactant may be used.
- sodium hydroxide may be a suitable extraction agent.
- the sodium hydroxide concentration 1108 is the weight of solids on a dry basis.
- a typical range for sodium hydroxide concentration is from 0 percent to about 5 percent. In one embodiment, the range is from about 2.8 percent to about 4.0 percent. In another embodiment, the range is 3.4 percent through 3.6 percent.
- the extraction temperature 1110 is the temperature of the slurry in the extraction vessel.
- the temperature range for the zein extraction typically ranges from about 20 to about 78 degrees Celsius. In one embodiment, the temperature range for zein extraction is from about 50 to about 75 degrees Celsius. In another embodiment, the temperature range for zein extraction is from about 68 to about 70 degrees Celsius.
- the extraction time 1112 is the duration of time the slurry is held at the extraction temperature.
- the extraction time typically ranges from about 20 to about 120 minutes. In one embodiment, the extraction time is from about 25 to about 60 minutes. In another embodiment, the extraction time is from about 28 to about 30 minutes.
- zein composition was extracted from different starting materials (beer, wet cake, and DDG) from the different ethanol processes (cooked starch fermentation, raw starch fermentation, and endosperm raw starch fermentation) to compare the zein yields.
- Zein was extracted using 70 percent ethanol in water with 3.5 percent sodium hydroxide (based on the dry solids of the starting material) at 70 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 12 is a table illustrating the example zein extraction yields. Extracting from DDG (from raw starch fermentation) recovers more zein than does extracting from DDG from a “cooked starch” fermentation process (shown as “conventional fermentation”). The combination of corn fractionation and raw starch fermentation provides better extraction efficiencies (at best partially explained by the higher protein content of DDG HP).
- zein compositions were extracted from Corn Gluten Meal (CGM) and High Protein Dried Distillers Grain (DDG HP) under a single extraction with sodium hydroxide, as well as by a double extraction as outlined above in reference to FIG. 4 .
- the single extraction was performed using 70 percent ethanol in water with 3.5 percent sodium hydroxide (based on the dry solids of the starting material) at 70 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes.
- Double extraction consisted of an initial extraction using 70 percent ethanol in water at 70 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, and a re-extraction on the pre-extracted solids using 70 percent ethanol in water with 3.5 percent sodium hydroxide (based on the dry solids of the starting material) at 70 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes.
- FIGS. 13-18 provide example HPLC chromatograms of zein compositions extracted under these conditions at laboratory scale.
- FIG. 13 illustrates the zein HPLC chromatogram for DDG HP after a single extraction (with extraction agent). Shown are alpha-zein ( ⁇ zein), beta-zein ( ⁇ zein) and gamma-zein ( ⁇ zein). The peaks for beta and gamma-zein did not completely separate using this technique, and the relative amounts of beta- and gamma- are reported as a total sum of both types of zein. Note that inclusion of an extraction agent, such as an alkali like sodium hydroxide, enables access by the solvent to the beta zein ( ⁇ zein) and gamma zein ( ⁇ zein).
- an extraction agent such as an alkali like sodium hydroxide
- FIG. 14 illustrates the HPLC chromatogram for zein recovered from DDG HP after the initial extraction of a double extraction procedure. This extraction is identical to the previous extraction except that no extraction agent is utilized. A peak for the recovered alpha-zein may be clearly seen; however, without an alkali (or other extraction agent) the yields of beta- and gamma-zein are all but nonexistent.
- pre-extracted DDG HP may be subject to a re-extraction.
- Re-extraction is performed with the use of an extraction agent, such as sodium hydroxide.
- the HPLC chromatogram for the zein recovered from pre-extracted DDG HP after a re-extraction is illustrated at FIG. 15 . Shown are alpha-zein ( ⁇ zein), beta-zein ( ⁇ zein) and gamma-zein ( ⁇ zein). Again, the peaks for beta- and gamma-zein did not completely separate using this technique, and the relative amounts of beta- and gamma- are reported as a total sum of both types of zein. Of note, is that the relative amounts of beta- and gamma-zein are much higher after re-extraction from a pre-extracted DDG HP.
- relative amounts of alpha-zein ( ⁇ zein), beta-zein ( ⁇ zein) and gamma-zein ( ⁇ zein) may be further controlled through routine manipulation of the temperature, timing and solvent concentration used for the initial extraction, and the subsequent re-extraction. Further, it may be possible to further increase the relative content of the beta and gamma-zein through the use of more than one initial wash without an extraction agent.
- FIG. 16 illustrates the zein HPLC chromatogram for CGM after a single extraction (with extraction agent). Shown are alpha-zein ( ⁇ zein), beta-zein ( ⁇ zein) and gamma-zein ( ⁇ zein). Unlike DDG HP, even with the inclusion of an alkali, the extraction still yields a predominantly alpha-zein product.
- FIG. 17 illustrates the zein HPLC chromatogram for zein recovered from CGM after the initial extraction of a double extraction procedure. Here no alkali is utilized, with almost imperceptible extraction of beta-zein ( ⁇ zein) and gamma-zein ( ⁇ zein).
- FIG. 18 illustrates the HPLC chromatogram for zein recovered from re-extraction of pre-extracted CGM with the use of an extraction agent.
- the relative amounts of beta- and gamma-zein are much higher after re-extraction from a pre-extracted GCM than under other extraction techniques.
- the peaks for beta and gamma-zein did not completely separate using this technique, and the relative amounts of beta- and gamma- are reported as a total sum of both types of zein.
- FIG. 19 provides a table for compositions of the zein products recovered from experiments as outlined in relation to FIGS. 13-18 .
- the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-zein composition of zein was obtained by analysis of RP-HPLC chromatograms of zein.
- the starting material for these experiments is illustrated in the first column.
- Starting material includes DDG HP, pre-extracted DDG HP, CGM, and pre-extracted CGM.
- the data is from experimental extractions using solvent (ethanol) with (“Yes”) or without (“No”) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an extraction agent.
- solvent ethanol
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- For DDG HP extractions with sodium hydroxide the average alpha-zein content is 77-88%, whereas beta- and gamma-zein content averaged 12-23%.
- Fat content was measured at 1.5% and 91% of the dry material is protein.
- DDG HP without sodium hydroxide
- the composition was found to be almost entirely alpha-zein. Protein is similar at 86.5% and fat is increased to 7%. If the solids from this extraction (pre-extraction DDG HP) are re-extracted using sodium hydroxide, and even higher content of beta- and gamma-zein is realized at 41%. Alpha-zein is reduced to 59%, and almost all of the product of the re-extraction is protein at 92.3%.
- the concentrations of the various proteins of zein may be altered by processing to recover, within the available range, a zein intended to have a composition more specifically applicable to the intended commercial uses (such as by increasing the beta- and gamma-zein percentage to allow for more usage in strength-requiring applications).
- Conventional zein extraction methods utilize seventy percent aqueous ethanol to extract zein. In some embodiments it is further possible to provide methods where the ethanol concentration is increased after extraction, such as to ninety percent. As a result of increasing the percentage of ethanol, more beta-zein and gamma-zein can precipitate out of the zein solution. Zein that has already been recovered by the conventional zein extraction can be redissolved in ninety percent ethanol. The zein that remains undissolved is high in beta-zein and gamma-zein. Both described methods can produce a zein fraction that contain more than 50% beta-zein and gamma-zein. In such a way even greater control over zein content may be established.
- Yields of recovered zein depend on time, temperature, particle size, and percent aqueous alcohol used for the extraction.
- sodium hydroxide, or other extraction agent can also be added to the solvent to increase the zein yields.
- sodium hydroxide e.g., as an extraction agent
- Other extraction agents may also be used, such as another alkali hydroxide (e.g., potassium hydroxide), an acid (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid), or a sulfite (e.g., sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate or sodium metabisulfite).
- the relative volumes of ethanol, extraction agent, and starting material will change based on the moisture content of the starting material and targeted ethanol concentration.
- zein recovery is improved by extracting at 50 degrees Celsius or higher and by the addition of 3.5 percent sodium hydroxide or another reducing agent to the aqueous alcohol.
- zein recovery tends to increase. Decreasing pH decreases the material recovered to a minim at about pH of 5, further lowering the pH below 5 increases the amount of zein recovered, but not to the same extent as increasing the pH. Decreasing the pH also lowers protein in the recovered material. Lowering the pH also decrease the amount of beta-zein and gamma-zein recovered. Decreasing the pH to below 5.5 reduces the amount of beta-zein and gamma-zein in the recovered material to 0-5%.
- dried distillers grains can refer to particulate matter. Although many types of biomass may be fermented in an alcohol plant producing various types of particulate products to be transported to other locations, a corn-based ethanol plant producing dried distillers' grains is discussed throughout this application for illustrative purposes of material properties and operational aspects for embodiments.
- exemplary is used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion, and the disclosed subject matter is not limited by such examples.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (25)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/285,416 US9487565B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-05-22 | Zein composition and methods of production |
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US20786808P | 2008-12-31 | 2008-12-31 | |
US19672008P | 2008-12-31 | 2008-12-31 | |
US16131309P | 2009-03-18 | 2009-03-18 | |
US16132209P | 2009-03-18 | 2009-03-18 | |
US16132509P | 2009-03-18 | 2009-03-18 | |
US16131809P | 2009-03-18 | 2009-03-18 | |
PCT/US2009/069969 WO2010078528A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Zein composition |
US12/965,255 US8795760B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2010-12-10 | Zein composition and methods of production |
US14/285,416 US9487565B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-05-22 | Zein composition and methods of production |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/965,255 Continuation US8795760B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2010-12-10 | Zein composition and methods of production |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140303348A1 US20140303348A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
US9487565B2 true US9487565B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
Family
ID=42310224
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/651,401 Active 2032-07-28 US8652818B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Method for extracting protein from a fermentation product |
US12/965,255 Active 2031-03-18 US8795760B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2010-12-10 | Zein composition and methods of production |
US14/149,555 Active 2030-03-14 US9321815B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-01-07 | System for extracting protein from a fermentation product |
US14/285,416 Active US9487565B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-05-22 | Zein composition and methods of production |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/651,401 Active 2032-07-28 US8652818B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Method for extracting protein from a fermentation product |
US12/965,255 Active 2031-03-18 US8795760B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2010-12-10 | Zein composition and methods of production |
US14/149,555 Active 2030-03-14 US9321815B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-01-07 | System for extracting protein from a fermentation product |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US8652818B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2381760B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2012514459A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102368902A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2748640C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2011007148A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010078528A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4256970A1 (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-11 | Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie AG | Method for producing a protein product |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090304861A1 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2009-12-10 | Hamaker Bruce R | Leavened products made from non-wheat cereal proteins |
US8454802B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-06-04 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with solvent washing of fermentation product |
EP2381760B1 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2016-12-28 | POET Research, Inc. | Zein composition |
CA2823222C (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2019-07-16 | Butamax(Tm) Advanced Biofuels Llc | Extraction solvents derived from oil for alcohol removal in extractive fermentation |
BR112014000934A2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2017-02-14 | Poet Res Inc | water-based prolamine compositions, processes for producing water-based prolamine compositions and applications thereof |
WO2013126571A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | Poet Research Inc. | Corn meal compositions and methods of production |
US9273227B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2016-03-01 | Poet Research, Inc. | Waterborne aqueous-alcohol soluble protein compositions, applications, and methods |
CA2846489C (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-03 | Jeremy Edward Javers | Process for producing cellulosic biofuel |
EP2969960A4 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-10-19 | Greenstract Llc | Plant-based compositions and uses thereof |
US9371489B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-21 | GreenStract, LLC | Plant-based compositions and uses thereof |
US8722924B1 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2014-05-13 | WB Technologies LLC | Integrated ethanol and biodiesel facility |
US10221387B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2019-03-05 | Rayeman Elements, Inc. | Integrated ethanol and biodiesel facility |
WO2015109276A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-23 | Poet Research, Inc. | Food products containing zein, and related processes |
USRE47268E1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2019-03-05 | Aicardo Roa-Espinosa | Separation of biocomponents from DDGS |
US9051538B1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-06-09 | Aicardo Roa-Espinosa | Separation of biocomponents from DDGS |
GB201418739D0 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-12-03 | Univ Strathclyde | Bioprocess for corproduction of products |
US11089799B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2021-08-17 | Poet Research, Inc. | Food products that contain zein, and related methods |
US9777303B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-10-03 | Fluid Quip Process Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for producing a sugar stream |
US10190090B2 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2019-01-29 | Water Solutions, Inc. | Methods and systems for forming stable particles from suspended solids produced by ethanol fermentation |
US10618850B2 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2020-04-14 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods of extracting inorganic nutrients from pretreated biomass to form a fertilizer composition, and related systems |
BR112018069360B1 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2023-01-10 | Cargill, Incorporated | METHOD TO OBTAIN A CORN PROTEIN PRODUCT |
MX2019003316A (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2019-08-21 | Cargill Inc | Corn protein retention during extraction. |
EP3661368A4 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2021-04-28 | Cargill, Incorporated | Extruded corn protein material |
US11667670B2 (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2023-06-06 | Cargill, Incorporated | Corn protein retention during extraction |
MX2020003153A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-07-29 | Cargill Inc | Zein-enriched and depleted protein. |
US11053557B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2021-07-06 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | System and method for producing a sugar stream using membrane filtration |
US11519013B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2022-12-06 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | System and method for producing a sugar stream with front end oil separation |
US11505838B2 (en) | 2018-04-05 | 2022-11-22 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | Method for producing a sugar stream |
US10480038B2 (en) | 2018-04-19 | 2019-11-19 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | System and method for producing a sugar stream |
US10875889B2 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-12-29 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | Method and system for producing a zein protein product from a whole stillage byproduct produced in a corn dry-milling process |
US11746312B1 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-09-05 | Separator Technology Solutions Us Inc. | Stillage clarification |
US11015156B1 (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2021-05-25 | Franzenburg | Protein concentration methods |
US10995351B1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2021-05-04 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | System and method for producing a carbohydrate stream from a cellulosic feedstock |
Citations (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2132250A (en) | 1934-03-28 | 1938-10-04 | Theodore B Wagner | Manufacture of ethyl alcohol from indian corn |
US4309254A (en) | 1980-04-17 | 1982-01-05 | Stone And Webster Eng. Corp. | Alcohol recovery process |
JPS60106820A (en) | 1983-11-15 | 1985-06-12 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Production of thermosetting resin |
US4617270A (en) | 1983-05-13 | 1986-10-14 | Anderson Clyde G | Alcohol and distillers grain recovery process |
US4857279A (en) | 1985-12-27 | 1989-08-15 | Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for extracting fats and oils |
US5250182A (en) | 1992-07-13 | 1993-10-05 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Membrane-based process for the recovery of lactic acid and glycerol from a "corn thin stillage" stream |
US5510463A (en) | 1992-12-25 | 1996-04-23 | Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Process for producing zein |
US5620728A (en) | 1993-02-01 | 1997-04-15 | Food Sciences, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the extraction of oils from grain materials and grain-based food products |
US20040009263A1 (en) | 2001-02-02 | 2004-01-15 | Jingping Liu | Methods for extracting corn proteins from corn gluten meal |
US6755975B2 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2004-06-29 | Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. | Separation process using pervaporation and dephlegmation |
US20040234649A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-11-25 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Method for producing ethanol using raw starch |
US20050101700A1 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2005-05-12 | Agri-Polymerix, Llc | Biopolymer and methods of making it |
US20050233030A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-20 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
US20050239181A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-27 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Continuous process for producing ethanol using raw starch |
US7122709B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2006-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for obtaining ethanol |
US20070031954A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | Membrane Technololgy And Research, Inc. | Ethanol recovery process |
US20070037267A1 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2007-02-15 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
US20070178567A1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2007-08-02 | Lewis Stephen M | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and selecting plant material |
US7297236B1 (en) | 2001-06-30 | 2007-11-20 | Icm, Inc. | Ethanol distillation process |
US20080176298A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2008-07-24 | Randhava Sarabjit S | Oil recovery from dry corn milling ethanol production processes |
US20080213429A1 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-04 | Binder Thomas P | Dry Corn Mill As A Biomass Factory |
US7452425B1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2008-11-18 | Langhauser Associates, Inc. | Corn refining process |
US20090181153A1 (en) | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-16 | Integroextraction, Inc. | Dry-Mill Ethanol Plant Extraction Enhancement |
US20100159551A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with raw starch hydrolysis and solvent washing of fermentation product |
US20110143013A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2011-06-16 | Poet Research Incorporated | Zein composition and methods of production |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2133591A (en) | 1938-10-18 | Isjjuwyjjji | ||
US2414195A (en) * | 1944-04-20 | 1947-01-14 | Nasa | Process for obtaining increased yields in the extraction of corn proteins |
US3535305A (en) | 1968-02-12 | 1970-10-20 | Nutrilite Products | Low temperature solvent extraction process for producing high purity zein |
JPH0530916A (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 1993-02-09 | Showa Sangyo Co Ltd | Production of zein |
US5254673A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1993-10-19 | Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. | Purification of zein from corn gluten meal |
US7045607B2 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2006-05-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Method and system for extraction of zein from corn |
US6610831B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2003-08-26 | Lurgi Psi, Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for recovering zein from corn |
US6602985B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2003-08-05 | Lurgi Psi, Inc. | Extraction of zein protein from gluten meal |
CN1218957C (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2005-09-14 | 华南理工大学 | Method for extracting prolamine from corn |
US20040187863A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Langhauser Associates Inc. | Biomilling and grain fractionation |
US20070014905A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Purdue Research Foundation | Starchy material processed to produce one or more products comprising starch, ethanol, sugar syrup, oil, protein, fiber, gluten meal, and mixtures thereof |
CN1950514B (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2010-05-05 | 布罗因联合公司 | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
WO2006004748A2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-12 | Grainvalue, Llc | Improved corn fractionation method |
US7857872B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2010-12-28 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Co-production of biodiesel and an enriched food product from distillers grains |
US8236929B2 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2012-08-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Method and system for production of zein and/or xanthophylls using chromatography |
-
2009
- 2009-12-31 EP EP09837220.4A patent/EP2381760B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-31 MX MX2011007148A patent/MX2011007148A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-12-31 CA CA2748640A patent/CA2748640C/en active Active
- 2009-12-31 WO PCT/US2009/069969 patent/WO2010078528A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-12-31 JP JP2011544634A patent/JP2012514459A/en active Pending
- 2009-12-31 US US12/651,401 patent/US8652818B2/en active Active
- 2009-12-31 CN CN2009801567666A patent/CN102368902A/en active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-12-10 US US12/965,255 patent/US8795760B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-01-07 US US14/149,555 patent/US9321815B2/en active Active
- 2014-05-22 US US14/285,416 patent/US9487565B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-15 JP JP2015120365A patent/JP6009623B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2132250A (en) | 1934-03-28 | 1938-10-04 | Theodore B Wagner | Manufacture of ethyl alcohol from indian corn |
US4309254A (en) | 1980-04-17 | 1982-01-05 | Stone And Webster Eng. Corp. | Alcohol recovery process |
US4617270A (en) | 1983-05-13 | 1986-10-14 | Anderson Clyde G | Alcohol and distillers grain recovery process |
JPS60106820A (en) | 1983-11-15 | 1985-06-12 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Production of thermosetting resin |
US4857279A (en) | 1985-12-27 | 1989-08-15 | Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for extracting fats and oils |
US5250182A (en) | 1992-07-13 | 1993-10-05 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Membrane-based process for the recovery of lactic acid and glycerol from a "corn thin stillage" stream |
US5510463A (en) | 1992-12-25 | 1996-04-23 | Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Process for producing zein |
US5620728A (en) | 1993-02-01 | 1997-04-15 | Food Sciences, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the extraction of oils from grain materials and grain-based food products |
US20040009263A1 (en) | 2001-02-02 | 2004-01-15 | Jingping Liu | Methods for extracting corn proteins from corn gluten meal |
US7297236B1 (en) | 2001-06-30 | 2007-11-20 | Icm, Inc. | Ethanol distillation process |
US6755975B2 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2004-06-29 | Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. | Separation process using pervaporation and dephlegmation |
US20040234649A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-11-25 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Method for producing ethanol using raw starch |
US20110111085A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2011-05-12 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
US20070196907A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2007-08-23 | Broin & Associates, Inc. | Method For Producing Ethanol Using Raw Starch |
US20070202214A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2007-08-30 | Broin & Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
US7122709B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2006-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for obtaining ethanol |
US7452425B1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2008-11-18 | Langhauser Associates, Inc. | Corn refining process |
US20050101700A1 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2005-05-12 | Agri-Polymerix, Llc | Biopolymer and methods of making it |
US20050233030A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-20 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
US20050239181A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-27 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Continuous process for producing ethanol using raw starch |
US20070037267A1 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2007-02-15 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
US20070031954A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | Membrane Technololgy And Research, Inc. | Ethanol recovery process |
US20070178567A1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2007-08-02 | Lewis Stephen M | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and selecting plant material |
US20080176298A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2008-07-24 | Randhava Sarabjit S | Oil recovery from dry corn milling ethanol production processes |
US20080213429A1 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-04 | Binder Thomas P | Dry Corn Mill As A Biomass Factory |
US20090181153A1 (en) | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-16 | Integroextraction, Inc. | Dry-Mill Ethanol Plant Extraction Enhancement |
US20100159549A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with separation and solvent washing of fermentation product |
US20100159514A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with fractionation of feedstock and solvent washing of fermentation product |
US20100159548A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with solvent washing of fermentation product |
US20100159550A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with apparatus for solvent washing of fermentation product |
US20100159071A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products including corn meal |
WO2010075541A2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-07-01 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products |
US20100159551A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for production of ethanol and co-products with raw starch hydrolysis and solvent washing of fermentation product |
US20110143013A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2011-06-16 | Poet Research Incorporated | Zein composition and methods of production |
US8652818B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-02-18 | Poet Research, Inc. | Method for extracting protein from a fermentation product |
Non-Patent Citations (20)
Title |
---|
Ayers, "The 'Can Do' Review", Todd & Sargent Inc., Jan. 2007, 31(1), 8 pages. |
Cookman et al., "Extraction of protein from distiller's grain", Biosource Technology, 100 (2009) 2012-2017. |
Egorova et al., "Different Methods for Preparing a Feed Meal from Fresh and Acid-Preserved Fish Scraps", Tr. Vses. Nauchno.-Issled. Inst. Morsk. Rybn. Khoz. i Okeanogr (Proceedings of the All-Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography), 1962, vol. 45, pp. 134-138 (CA English Abstract only). |
Jacela et al., "Amino acid digestibility and energy content of corn distillers meal for swine", Available online at www.asi.ksu.edu on Oct. 24, 2007. |
Lawton, "Isolation of Zein Using 10% Ethanol Cereal Chem." 83(5):565-568, 2006. |
Lawton, et al., Zein Recovery from Coproducts of a Raw Starch Fermentation Bioethanol Process, Seventh International Starch Technology Conference, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jun. 5-8, 2001. |
Lawton, Proteins of the Kernel, Ch. 9,Chemistry and Technology, (2003), pp. 313-354. |
Lawton,J., "Isolation of Zein Using 100% Ethanol"-Cereal Chem. 2006, 83(5), 565-568. * |
Liu et al., "Thermal Degradation and Stability of Starch Under Different Processing Conditions," Starch, (2013), 65: 48-60. |
Liu et al., "Thermal-Oxidative Degradation of High-amylose Corn Starch," J. Them. Anal. Calorim., (2014), 115:659-665. |
McKenna, "Ethanol helps a small town bloom", Toronto Globe and Mail, Jul. 25, 2007, cited in Scrippsnews URL:http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/25654, 3 pages. |
Mustakas, "Recovery of oil from soybeans", USDA NRRC-ARSEA, in Handbook of Soy Oil Processing and Utilization, Am. Soybean Assn. and Am. Oil Chemists; Soc., 1980, Chapter 4, pp. 49-65. |
Parris et al., "Extraction and Solubility Characteristics of Zein Proteins from Dry-Milled Corn"-J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 3757-3760. * |
Parris, et al., "Extraction and Solubility Characteristics of Zein Proteins from Dry-Milled Corn," J. Agric. Food Chem., (2001), 49:3757-3760. |
US-EPA, "Draft regulatory impact analysis: Changes to renewable fuel standard program", EPA-420-D-09-001, May 2009, 822 pages. |
Wakeman, "Extraction, Liquid-solid", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Dec. 4, 2000, pp. 1-14. |
Widyaratne, et al., "Nutritional Value of Wheat and Corn Distillers Dried Grain With Solubles: Digestibility and Digestible Contents of Energy, Amino Acids and Phosphorous, Nutrient Excretion and Growth Performance of Grower-Finisher Pigs," Canadian Journal of Animal Science, (2007), 103-114. |
Winowiski, "Pellet quality in animal feeds", Available online at www.adiveter.com on Jan. 31, 2001. |
Wolf et al., "Isolation and Characterization of Zein from Corn Distillers' Grains and Related Fractions." Cereal Chem, 74(5):530-536, 1997. |
Wu et al., "Evaluation of corn distillers' dried grains defatted with supercritical carbon dioxide", Cereal Chem. 1990, 67(6), pp. 585-588. |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4256970A1 (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-11 | Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie AG | Method for producing a protein product |
DE102023107506A1 (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | Verbio Vereinigte Bioenergie Ag | Process for producing a protein product |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2748640C (en) | 2018-10-30 |
US20100178675A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
CA2748640A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
US8652818B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
US20140123855A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
US9321815B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
EP2381760A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
US8795760B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
JP2016005455A (en) | 2016-01-14 |
US20140303348A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
MX2011007148A (en) | 2011-11-18 |
JP6009623B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US20110143013A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
EP2381760B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
EP2381760A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
JP2012514459A (en) | 2012-06-28 |
CN102368902A (en) | 2012-03-07 |
WO2010078528A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9487565B2 (en) | Zein composition and methods of production | |
Anderson et al. | Zein extraction from corn, corn products, and coproducts and modifications for various applications: a review | |
CA2936687C (en) | Systems and methods for producing a sugar stream | |
CA2882173C (en) | A method of and system for producing oil and valuable byproducts from grains in dry milling systems with a back-end dewater milling unit | |
Paraman et al. | Recovery and characterization of α-zein from corn fermentation coproducts | |
US20050106300A1 (en) | Method for producing a material having an increased solubility in alcohol | |
US20210324489A1 (en) | System and method for producing a sugar stream using membrane filtration | |
US20150056327A1 (en) | Corn meal compositions and methods of production | |
EP2817399A1 (en) | Oil compositions and methods of production | |
US20240076753A1 (en) | System and method for producing a sugar stream | |
EP3397066B1 (en) | Process for separating proteins from biomass materials | |
EP3556222A1 (en) | System and method for producing a sugar stream | |
US8404884B2 (en) | Process for the extraction of macromolecules from a biomass using thin stillage | |
US6602985B1 (en) | Extraction of zein protein from gluten meal | |
WO2012036857A2 (en) | Improved milling process with oil recovery | |
Anderson | Extraction of zein from corn co-products | |
US20170044521A1 (en) | Biomass extracts and methods thereof | |
CA3195556A1 (en) | Process for producing a protein product |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., ILLINOIS Free format text: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNORS:POET, LLC;POET RESEARCH, INC.;POET PLANT MANAGEMENT, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:035603/0778 Effective date: 20150505 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: POET RESEARCH, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LAWTON, JOHN, JR.;REEL/FRAME:039532/0115 Effective date: 20120103 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ILLINOIS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:POET RESEARCH, INC.;REEL/FRAME:052295/0712 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET NUTRITION INTERNATIONAL, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET NUTRITION, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET RESEARCH, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET INVESTMENTS, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET RESEARCH CENTER, LLC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS POET RESEARCH CENTER, INC.), SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET PLANT MANAGEMENT, LLC, SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET BIOMASS, LLC, SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET LEASING, LLC, SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: POET, LLC, SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 Owner name: RISK MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATES, INC., SOUTH DAKOTA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST RECORDED AT REEL/FRAME 035603/0778;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT;REEL/FRAME:052299/0676 Effective date: 20200402 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COBANK, ACB, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, COLORADO Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:POET RESEARCH, INC.;REEL/FRAME:052312/0801 Effective date: 20200402 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |