US8499059B2 - System and methods for buffering of real-time data streams - Google Patents
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- US8499059B2 US8499059B2 US12/387,511 US38751109A US8499059B2 US 8499059 B2 US8499059 B2 US 8499059B2 US 38751109 A US38751109 A US 38751109A US 8499059 B2 US8499059 B2 US 8499059B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/23406—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving management of server-side video buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
- H04N21/2401—Monitoring of the client buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/44004—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video buffer management, e.g. video decoder buffer or video display buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
- H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to networked systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to buffering of real-time data streams.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example embodiment of a networked system in which various embodiments may operate.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment showing the functional components of the buffer manager.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another example embodiment of a networked system in which various embodiments may operate.
- FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating a sequence of operations in a first example embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram illustrating a sequence of operations in a second example embodiment.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are processing flow diagrams illustrating a sequence of processing operations in various example embodiments.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed, according to an example embodiment.
- United States Patent Publication No. US 2002/0120747 discloses a system and method for buffering streaming audio data or other media sources to client devices, where said system maintains a constant buffering time by adjusting the low water mark of the play buffer based on the bit rate of the stream to a level such that the time for the play buffer to fill to the low water mark is constant for all streams.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,881,245 discloses a method and device for communicating encoded data (such as MPEG encoded data for example) from a server to a decoder via a buffer.
- the rate at which the server provides the encoded data are adjusted based on a state of the buffer such that the buffer does not overflow or run dry, even when the communication of the data is subject to drift. Specifically, when the buffer is below a predetermined level, the rate at which the server provides the encoded data is increased. On the other hand, when the buffer is above a predetermined level, the rate at which the server provides the encoded data is decreased.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,337 discloses a system to record a single program from a multi-program transport stream that is encoded according to the MPEG-2 standard.
- the system demultiplexes transport packets from the multi-program transport stream and records the demultiplexed packets on a digital video cassette recorder (DVCR).
- the system includes circuitry in the encoder which emulates a buffer in the digital recorder that is used to hold the packets to convert the bursty packet data into constant rate data for recording. This emulated buffer controls the overall rate at which packets of the selected program are inserted into the multi-program transport stream by the encoder.
- a content server can be considered a network-accessible server, server farm, web site, or the like that can enable network access to and from client systems with playback devices via a network (e.g. the Internet).
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example embodiment of a networked system in which various embodiments may operate.
- a content server 120 is in data communication with one or more playback devices 130 and 131 via a conventional network 105 , such as the Internet.
- Playback devices 130 and 131 can be used by individuals who can log in to the content server 120 via the network 105 and become subscribers or members of the real-time streaming service enabled by the various embodiments described herein.
- a buffer manager 132 can be provided in or by playback devices 130 and 131 .
- the buffer manager 132 controls the flow of content into and out of a playback device content buffer.
- content server 120 includes a content aggregator 122 and a content streamer 124 .
- Content aggregator 122 includes processing logic to communicate with one or more content feeds 110 to coordinate the streaming of a user-selected item of content directly from the one or more content feeds 110 to the user playback device via network 105 .
- Content feeds 110 can be sources or repositories of digital content 112 that can be streamed to a particular playback device via network 105 .
- Content 112 can be any of various forms of digital content including video or multimedia (e.g., MPEG), still images (e.g., JPEG or TIFF), audio (e.g., MP3), spoken audio, digital documents, executable code, and the like.
- Content feeds 110 can represent websites, servers, peer-to-peer nodes, and the like.
- Content aggregator 122 can also include functionality to query a content feed 110 for a list of available content. These content lists from various content feeds 110 can be posted on content server 120 for viewing, searching, and selection by users of playback devices 130 and 131 . The users of playback devices 130 and 131 can log in to accounts maintained on content server 120 , search a list of available content, and select a particular item of content for streaming to the user's playback device via network 105 . Content streamer 124 provides the processing logic to manage the streaming of the selected content to the playback device 130 or 131 .
- an equivalent configuration could include multiple content server sites, each managing a portion of the functionality provided as described herein.
- a particular embodiment may include an additional layer, called the Partner Sites, wherein each Partner Site can be hosted on a separate server and each Partner Site can communicate with the buffer manager 132 , described in more detail below.
- each Partner Site can aggregate a subset of the available content from content feeds 110 .
- another equivalent configuration could include a portion of the functionality provided by the buffer manager 132 being downloaded from the content server 120 to playback devices 130 and 131 and executed locally at the client sites.
- the buffer manager 132 functionality provides and supports a system for enabling buffering for real-time data streaming as described in more detail below.
- the incoming data management component 161 can compute and set an initial incoming data speed (Si), an initial playback speed (Sp), and an initial buffer size (B) needed to ensure uninterrupted playback of the selected item of content on the playback device 130 and/or 131 .
- the initial buffer size (B) can be calculated from the difference between Sp and Si and the length of the content item being streamed.
- the initial buffer size (B) is allocated at the beginning of a streaming operation and remains constant, while Si and Sp are variables that can be changed during the streaming operation.
- the incoming data management component 161 can also compute and set an initial content buffer high and low watermark to track the capacity level of the buffer currently consumed by the streamed and un-played content.
- the buffer manager 132 may not be able to fill in the whole buffer before playback is started; because, loading the buffer may take too long.
- the criterion for starting to play the content item is when the buffer is filled to (or over) the high watermark. The use of the high and low watermarks is described in more detail below.
- the incoming data management component 161 can also negotiate with the content server 120 , after the streaming operation has started, for a different content quality type compatible with the speed at which the particular playback device 130 and/or 131 is able to consume the content stream.
- a buffer management processing component 162 is provided as part of buffer manager 132 .
- the buffer management processing component 162 of an example embodiment provides the functionality for filling the content buffer and for detecting when the content has reached the high and low watermarks of the content buffer. The use of the high and low watermarks is described in more detail below.
- the buffer management processing component 162 of an example embodiment also provides the functionality for transferring the content from the content buffer to the playback device interface 163 for playback to the user of playback device 130 and/or 131 .
- a playback device interface component 163 is provided as part of buffer manager 132 .
- the playback device interface component 163 of an example embodiment provides the functionality for receiving content from the buffer management processing component 162 and for processing the content for playback to the user of playback device 130 and/or 131 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates another example embodiment of a networked system in which various embodiments may operate.
- buffer manager 132 can be a component of a playback device 130 .
- Buffer manager 132 can use a buffer manager interface 150 to send and receive data to/from content server 120 via network 105 .
- buffer manager interface 150 can send and receive data to/from content server 120 via a web server interface 144 or an application programmatic interface (API) 142 .
- API application programmatic interface
- Buffer manager interface 150 can also be used to receive content from content feeds 110 , 113 , and/or 115 via a web server interface 144 or an application programmatic interface 142 .
- the content aggregator 122 of the content server 120 includes processing logic to communicate with one or more content feeds 110 , 113 , and/or 115 and, in concert with content streamer 124 , to coordinate the streaming of a user-selected item of content directly from the content feeds 110 , 113 , and/or 115 to the user playback device 130 via network 105 .
- This content stream from a content feed 110 , 113 , and/or 115 can be received by the buffer manager interface 150 and stored in the content buffer 152 under control of the incoming data management component 161 and the buffer management processing component 162 .
- FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating a sequence of operations in a first example embodiment, wherein the buffer manager 132 uses a playback data reduction method to regulate the flow of content into and out of the content buffer 152 .
- the example sequence of operations shown includes data interactions between a content server 120 , a content feed 110 (not shown), and an incoming data management component 161 , a buffer management processing component 162 , and a playback device interface component 163 of buffer manager 132 on a playback device 130 .
- the incoming data management component 161 can discover an available bandwidth (e.g., data rate or capacity) supported for streaming a particular item of content from a content feed 110 to the playback device 130 via network 105 .
- an available bandwidth e.g., data rate or capacity
- the incoming data management component 161 can negotiate with the content server 120 for a content quality type compatible with the particular item of content, compatible with user selections, and compatible with the available bandwidth for the streaming operation.
- the various content quality types can include content encoding identifiers, pixel densities, audio or video type, data rate specifications, and the like.
- the incoming data management component 161 can compute and configure an initial incoming data speed (Si), an initial playback speed (Sp), and an initial buffer size (B) needed to ensure uninterrupted playback of the selected item of content on the playback device 130 .
- the incoming data management component 161 can also compute and configure an initial buffer high and low watermark to track the capacity level of the content buffer 152 currently consumed by the streamed and un-played content.
- the incoming data management component 161 can signal the content server 120 to begin streaming the selected item of content.
- content server 120 can communicate with a content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 that can source the selected item of content.
- the content server 120 can initialize the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 with the content quality type and speed parameters (e.g., Si) generated as described above.
- the content server 120 can also initialize the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 with the network address of the particular playback device 130 that requested the particular item of content.
- the content server 120 can also direct the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 to begin streaming the selected item of content to the particular playback device 130 .
- the content stream from the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 is received by the incoming data management component 161 of buffer manager 132 and passed to the buffer management processing component 162 .
- the buffer management processing component 162 receives the content stream from the incoming data management component 161 and begins to fill the content buffer 152 with the received content stream. This content fill process continues until a location in the content buffer 152 indicated by the high watermark is reached. As described herein, the high watermark and low watermark conditions should be met for certain pre-determined amount of time (denoted as the integration time or hysteresis) before triggering any subsequent action. This integration time will prevent false alarms and conditions where subsequent actions are triggered too often and too quickly. Once the high watermark is reached and the integration time is satisfied, the playback device 130 can begin to play the received content.
- the buffer management processing component 162 enables the playback device interface component 163 to play the content from the content buffer 152 for the user of playback device 130 .
- the content buffer 152 begins to empty, if the content is not filling the content buffer 152 as fast as the content is being played.
- the buffered content being played will eventually reach a location in the content buffer 152 indicated by the low watermark.
- the buffer management processing component 162 signals a low watermark condition to the incoming data management component 161 .
- the incoming data management component 161 can negotiate with the content server 120 , after the streaming operation has started, for a different content quality type compatible with the speed at which the particular playback device 130 is able to consume the content stream. In this case because of the low watermark condition detected, the incoming data management component 161 can negotiate with the content server 120 for a lower quality content type associated with a content stream that needs less bandwidth. Assuming a lower quality content type is available for the particular content item for which streaming is in progress, the content server 120 can signal the corresponding content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 to continue streaming the selected content item to the playback device 130 at the lower quality content type.
- the content stream from the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 is received by the incoming data management component 161 of buffer manager 132 at a lower quality content type and passed to the buffer management processing component 162 .
- the buffer management processing component 162 enables the playback device interface component 163 to continue playing the content (now a lower quality of content) from the content buffer 152 for the user of playback device 130 .
- the lower quality content stream begins to fill the content buffer 152 faster than the buffered content can be played.
- the buffered content being filled will eventually reach a location in the content buffer 152 indicated by the high watermark.
- the buffer management processing component 162 signals a high watermark condition to the incoming data management component 161 .
- the incoming data management component 161 can negotiate with the content server 120 , after the streaming operation has started, for a different content quality type compatible with the speed at which the particular playback device 130 is able to consume the content stream. In this case because of the high watermark condition detected, the incoming data management component 161 can negotiate with the content server 120 for a higher quality content type associated with a content stream that needs more bandwidth.
- the content server 120 can signal the corresponding content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 to continue streaming the selected content item to the playback device 130 at the higher quality content type.
- the content stream from the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 is received by the incoming data management component 161 of buffer manager 132 at a higher quality content type and passed to the buffer management processing component 162 .
- the process can continue as described above.
- the detection of the low watermark condition as described above can cause the buffer manager 132 to negotiate with the content server 120 to reduce the quality of the content stream and thereby reduce the bandwidth requirements for streaming the content to the playback device.
- the example sequence of operations includes:
- FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram illustrating a sequence of operations in a second example embodiment, wherein the buffer manager 132 uses a playback speed control method to regulate the flow of content into and out of the content buffer 152 .
- the example sequence of operations shown includes data interactions between a content server 120 , a content feed 110 (not shown), and an incoming data management component 161 , a buffer management processing component 162 , and a playback device interface component 163 of buffer manager 132 on a playback device 130 .
- the incoming data management component 161 can discover an available bandwidth (e.g., data rate or capacity) supported for streaming a particular item of content from content server 120 to the playback device 130 via network 105 .
- an available bandwidth e.g., data rate or capacity
- the incoming data management component 161 can also compute and set an initial buffer high and low watermark to track the capacity level of the content buffer 152 currently consumed by the streamed and un-played content.
- the incoming data management component 161 can signal the content server 120 to begin streaming the selected item of content.
- content server 120 can communicate with a content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 that can source the selected item of content.
- the content server 120 can initialize the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 with the content quality type and speed parameters (e.g., Si) generated as described above.
- the content server 120 can also initialize the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 with the network address of the particular playback device 130 that requested the particular item of content.
- the content server 120 can also direct the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 to begin streaming the selected item of content to the particular playback device 130 .
- the content stream from the content feed 110 , 113 , or 115 is received by the incoming data management component 161 of buffer manager 132 and passed to the buffer management processing component 162 .
- the buffer management processing component 162 receives the content stream from the incoming data management component 161 and begins to fill the content buffer 152 with the received content stream. This content fill process continues until a location in the content buffer 152 indicated by the high watermark is reached. At this point, the playback device 130 can begin to play the received content.
- the buffer management processing component 162 enables the playback device interface component 163 to play the content from the content buffer 152 for the user of playback device 130 . As the content is played by or through the playback device interface component 163 , the content buffer 152 begins to empty, if the content is not filling the content buffer 152 as fast as the content is being played.
- the buffer management processing component 162 commands the playback device interface component 163 to slow down the playback speed of the playback of the buffered content. In a typical case, because of the slower playback speed, the content stream begins to fill the content buffer 152 faster than the buffered content can be played. In operation eleven, the buffer management processing component 162 enables the playback device interface component 163 to continue playing the content from the content buffer 152 at a slower playback speed for the user of playback device 130 .
- the buffer management processing component 162 commands the playback device interface component 163 to increase the playback speed (or restore an initial speed) of the playback of the buffered content. The process can then continue as described above.
- the detection of the low watermark condition as described above can cause the buffer manager 132 to slow down the playback speed of the content stream and thereby reduce the bandwidth requirements for streaming the content to the playback device.
- the detection of the high watermark condition as described above can cause the buffer manager 132 to increase the playback speed of the content stream and thereby increase the bandwidth requirements for streaming the content to the playback device.
- the modification of the speed of the content stream can occur as necessary while the content streaming is in progress to ensure that the playback devices can receive a constant rate feed of content from network-based content sources.
- the example sequence of operations includes processing as described below.
- the Buffer Manager 132 should allocate an initial buffer.
- Th is the amount of seconds needed to average Si. This is the amount of time also to validate a condition before triggering an event.
- the Low Watermark condition has to be present uninterrupted for Th seconds. If the amount of buffered data exceeds the Low Watermark, a Low Watermark event counter is reset.
- the High Watermark condition has to be present uninterrupted for Th seconds. If the amount of buffered data drops under the High Watermark, a High Watermark event counter is reset.
- the High Watermark event triggers :
- the Low Watermark event triggers :
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are processing flow diagrams illustrating a sequence of processing operations in an example embodiment.
- processing operations performed by an example embodiment 900 include: configuring a content server for an initial content quality type associated with a content stream (processing block 910 ); receiving the content stream with the initial content quality type from a content feed (processing block 912 ); detecting a low watermark condition as the content stream is played on a playback device (processing block 914 ); reconfiguring the content server for a modified content quality type associated with the content stream while receipt of the content stream is in progress (processing block 916 ); and receiving the content stream with the modified content quality type from the content feed (processing block 918 ).
- processing operations performed by another example embodiment 920 include: configuring a content server for a content quality type associated with a content stream (processing block 922 ); configuring a playback device for an initial playback speed associated with the content stream (processing block 924 ); receiving the content stream with the content quality type from a content feed (processing block 926 ); playing the content stream on the playback device with the initial playback speed (processing block 928 ); detecting a low watermark condition as the content stream is played on the playback device (processing block 930 ); reconfiguring the playback device for a modified playback speed associated with the content stream while playback of the content stream is in progress (processing block 932 ); and playing the content stream with the modified playback speed (processing block 934 ).
- FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system 700 within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.
- the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
- the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in client-server network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.
- the machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, an audio or video player, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
- PC personal computer
- PDA Personal Digital Assistant
- a cellular telephone a web appliance
- an audio or video player a network router, switch or bridge
- any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
- the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
- the example computer system 700 includes a processor 702 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both), a main memory 704 and a static memory 706 , which communicate with each other via a bus 708 .
- the computer system 700 may further include a video display unit 710 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)).
- the computer system 700 also includes an input device 712 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 714 (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit 716 , a signal generation device 718 (e.g., a speaker) and a network interface device 720 .
- the disk drive unit 716 includes a machine-readable medium 722 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software 724 ) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein.
- the instructions 724 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 704 , the static memory 706 , and/or within the processor 702 during execution thereof by the computer system 700 .
- the main memory 704 and the processor 702 also may constitute machine-readable media.
- the instructions 724 may further be transmitted or received over a network 726 via the network interface device 720 .
- a computer system e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system
- an application may constitute a “module” that is configured and operates to perform certain operations as described herein.
- the “module” may be implemented mechanically or electronically.
- a module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., within a special-purpose processor) to perform certain operations.
- a module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a module mechanically, in the dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g. configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the term “module” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner and/or to perform certain operations described herein.
- machine-readable medium 722 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions.
- the term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present description.
- the term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media, and carrier wave signals.
- the software may be transmitted over a network using a transmission medium.
- the term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for transmission to and execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signal or other intangible medium to facilitate transmission and communication of such software.
Abstract
Description
-
- Do Bandwidth discovery using ping and traceroute;
-
- Choose the stream for which Sp is closest to the average Sp;
-
- In case of Low Watermark for the Th seconds, trigger Low Watermark signal;
- In order to reduce false alarms, we introduce integration time or Hysteresis, Th.
- Th is the amount of time needed to validate a condition—in other words, to trigger an event such as an event occurring after a Low Watermark, the Low Watermark condition has to be present uninterrupted for Th seconds.
- Renegotiate stream downwards to reduce Sp.
B=Tp*((Sp−Si)+C <Formula F1>:
-
- Where:
- B is the initial buffer length needed for uninterrupted playback in Kbits;
- Tp is the playing time in seconds;
- Sp is the initial playback speed Kbps;
- Si is initial incoming data speed Kbps;
- C is cushion data in Kbps.
Tb=B/Si=(Tp*(Sp−Si)+C)/Si <Formula F2>:
-
- 1. The playback startup at the beginning of the content stream.
- The following formula shows the delay before starting the playback:
D=Wh/Si <Formula F3>:- Where:
- D is the delay in seconds before the playback begins;
- Wh is the High Watermark data in Kbps;
- 2. The restoring of the quality of the content stream
- and/or
- 3. The restoring of the playback speed.
-
- 1. The reducing of the quality of the content stream and/or
- 2. The reducing of the playback speed Sp.
W1=L*Sp <Formula F4>:
-
- Where:
- W1 is the Low Watermark data in Kbits;
- L is the playback time for Low Watermark in seconds.
Spn=(Spc*Bc)/Bp <Formula F5>:
-
- Where:
- Spn is the new playback speed for the next Th seconds;
- Spc is the playback speed for the current Th seconds;
- Bc is the amount of data currently available in Kbits;
- Bp is the amount of data in Kbits previously available Th seconds prior.
Claims (11)
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US12/387,511 US8499059B2 (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2009-05-04 | System and methods for buffering of real-time data streams |
PCT/US2010/033264 WO2010129435A1 (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2010-04-30 | System and methods for buffering of real-time data streams |
US13/927,639 US20140012953A1 (en) | 2009-05-04 | 2013-06-26 | System and methods for buffering of real-time data streams |
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Also Published As
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WO2010129435A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
US20100281142A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US20140012953A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
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