US7805124B2 - Low-loss frequency pattern generator - Google Patents
Low-loss frequency pattern generator Download PDFInfo
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- US7805124B2 US7805124B2 US11/115,069 US11506905A US7805124B2 US 7805124 B2 US7805124 B2 US 7805124B2 US 11506905 A US11506905 A US 11506905A US 7805124 B2 US7805124 B2 US 7805124B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/717—Pulse-related aspects
- H04B1/7174—Pulse generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
- H04B1/7136—Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low-loss frequency pattern generator for generating frequency pulses over a wide range of frequencies, it being possible to switch the various frequencies of said frequency pulses in a rapid manner.
- Frequency pattern generators or hopping frequency synthesizers are generally used for this purpose.
- FIG. 1 shows one possible sequence of frequency pulses in the time domain.
- An exemplary pulsed signal RFOUT is illustrated as a function of time t.
- a first frequency pulse of duration Tp at the frequency f 1 is followed, after a period of time Tb, by a second frequency pulse at a second frequency f 2 .
- a third frequency pulse at a third frequency f 3 is also shown by way of example.
- the period of time between two pulses at different frequencies is generally in the nanosecond range.
- a multiband generator for generating frequency pulses was proposed in the document IEEE 802.15-03/207r0, G. Shore et al. “TG3a-Wisair contribution on multi band implementation”, http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15, May 2003.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a corresponding multiband generator MBG.
- a clock signal CLK at 5280 MHz is supplied to a subband generator SBG.
- the subband generator SBG has a number of frequency dividers (not illustrated here) and outputs reduced frequency signals LF 1 , LF 2 , LF 3 , LF 4 at the frequencies 440, 880, 1320, 1760 MHz.
- the subband generator also passes on the clock signal CLK as a carrier frequency signal LO.
- a quintuple multiplexer MUX is provided and outputs either the reduced frequency signals LF 1 , LF 2 , LF 3 , LF 4 or a signal DC at a constant level to a single-sideband mixer SSBU/L as a mixing frequency signal LF.
- the single-sideband mixer SSBU/L also receives the radio frequency clock signal as a local oscillator signal LO.
- the single-sideband mixer SSBU/L thus mixes the fixed carrier frequency signal LO with the switched mixing frequency signals LF 1 , LF 2 , LF 3 , LF 4 to form an output signal MBOUT of the multiband generator MBG.
- Different frequencies of the output signal MBOUT are thus achieved by switching the mixing frequencies LF 1 , LF 2 , LF 3 , LF 4 .
- Frequency pulses are generated by routing the signal DC at a constant level to the single-sideband mixer SSBU/L as a mixing frequency signal between switching from one mixing frequency, for example LF 1 , to a second mixing frequency, for example LF 2 .
- a multiband generator in accordance with the prior art has a number of disadvantages. Since the mixing frequency signals LF 1 , LF 2 , LF 3 , LF 4 are generated from a clock signal CLK, higher harmonic components which have to be removed downstream of the multiplexer by means of analog low-pass filters can easily be generated in the subband generator SBG. Low-pass filters of this type in the path for the mixing frequency signals LF disadvantageously slow down the switching properties for switching between various frequencies.
- a further disadvantage resides in the fact that the radio frequency carrier frequency LO scatters into the output signal MBOUT even when a constant level is applied, as the mixing frequency signal LF, to the single-sideband mixer SSBU/L. No clean frequency pulses and, in particular, no well-defined pauses between the frequency pulses are thus produced.
- one object of the present invention is to provide a frequency pattern generator for generating frequency pulses, in which the different frequencies of said frequency pulses can be switched in a rapid manner, and practically no oscillating signal is output between the frequency pulses.
- a frequency pattern generator for generating frequency pulses, said generator having: (a) a first local oscillator unit for generating a first radio frequency carrier frequency signal; (b) at least one second local oscillator unit for generating at least one second radio frequency carrier frequency signal; (c) a switching device for passing on one of the radio frequency carrier signals or a zero signal in a manner dependent on a control signal; and having (d) a mixing stage for mixing the signal that has been passed on by the switching device with a mixing frequency signal to form a pulsed output signal; the pulsed output signal having frequency pulses at a respective frequency and length in a manner dependent on the control signal.
- the basic idea of the present invention is to supply various local oscillator frequencies (which can be switched) to a mixer in order to generate various frequencies of the frequency pulses and of the pulsed output signal.
- the pauses between pulses at different frequencies are achieved by passing a zero signal at a constant level to the mixing stage as a carrier frequency.
- Changing the mixing frequency signal (which is at a low frequency with respect to the carrier signals) achieves a fine graduation for the frequencies of the frequency pulses.
- the frequency pattern generator according to the invention has the advantage, in particular, that scattering into the output signal cannot occur between the frequency pulses as a result of a zero signal being applied.
- Selecting the first and second radio frequency carrier frequency signals also makes it possible to achieve a particularly wide frequency band, as a result of which the frequency pattern generator according to the invention is ideally suited to use in UWB applications.
- Switching the carrier frequency signals also makes it possible to dimension the frequency bandwidth of the mixing frequency signal to be narrow.
- the mixing stage advantageously has a single-sideband mixer.
- the at least one local oscillator unit advantageously has a voltage-controlled LC circuit, which provides a sinusoidal oscillation as a carrier frequency signal. Using an LC circuit practically precludes higher harmonics which can be generated by the mixing stage.
- At least one digital-to-analog converter and a memory having digital sinusoidal data are provided.
- the digital-to-analog converter converts the digital sinusoidal data to an analog mixing frequency signal.
- a low-pass filter is then particularly advantageously connected downstream of the digital-to-analog converter.
- the carrier frequency signals are preferably at frequencies of between 3 and 9 GHz.
- the mixing frequency signal is preferably at frequencies of between 0 and 1 GHz.
- the switching devices has a multiplexer.
- the frequency pattern generator is preferably embodied in integrated fashion using CMOS technology. This achieves a particularly low power consumption and enables use in large-scale integrated UWB applications.
- FIG. 1 shows a desired frequency pulse train
- FIG. 2 shows a multiband generator in accordance with the prior art
- FIG. 3 shows a basic circuit diagram of the frequency pattern generator according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows one preferred embodiment of the frequency pattern generator according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows one preferred development of the frequency pattern generator according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a frequency spectrum of a frequency pattern generator according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 have already been described in the introduction to the description.
- FIG. 3 shows a basic circuit diagram of a frequency pattern generator 1 according to the invention.
- the frequency pattern generator 1 has first, second and further local oscillator units 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 , . . . 2 -N which respectively generate a radio frequency carrier frequency signal LO 1 , LO 2 , . . . LON.
- a switching device 3 is provided, into which the radio frequency carrier frequency signals LO 1 , LO 2 , . . . LON are injected via the inputs 4 - 1 , 4 - 2 , . . . 4 -N of said switching device.
- a zero signal DC at a constant level VPOT is routed to a zero signal input 5 of the switching device 3 .
- the switching device 3 has a control input 6 , to which a control signal CTR is routed.
- the control signal CTR is supplied to the frequency pattern generator 1 via an input 7 .
- the switching device 3 passes on one of the radio frequency carrier frequency signal LO 1 , LO 2 , . . . LON or the zero signal DC to an output 8 .
- the signal that has been passed on is used as a local oscillator signal LO.
- the frequency pattern generator 1 also has a mixing stage 9 , to which a mixing frequency signal LF and the signal LO (which has been switched through as a local oscillator signal) are supplied.
- the mixing frequency signal LF is injected into the frequency pattern generator 1 via an input 10 .
- the mixing stage 9 mixes the local oscillator signal LO with the mixing frequency signal LF to form an output signal RFOUT.
- the output signal RFOUT has frequency pulses at a respective frequency and length in a manner dependent on the control signal CTR.
- the pulsed output signal RFOUT can be tapped off at an output 11 of the frequency pattern generator 1 .
- the control signal CTR determines which of the signals DC, LO 1 , LO 2 , . . . LON is output, as a local oscillator signal LO, to the mixing stage 9 by the multiplexer 3 .
- the first carrier frequency signal LO 1 is first of all passed on for a particular period of time given a mixing frequency signal LF that is kept constant.
- the multiplexer 3 passes on the zero signal DC to the mixing stage 9 .
- a first frequency pulse whose frequency is determined by the first carrier frequency signal LO 1 and the mixing frequency signal LF is thus generated.
- Applying a zero signal at a constant level VPOT generates a pause in the output signal RFOUT, during which pause no signal or a zero signal is ideally output.
- the multiplexer 3 then, for example, passes on the second carrier frequency signal LO 2 to the mixing stage 9 as a local oscillator signal LO. This second frequency pulse generated is then at a different frequency to the first. Repeated switching thus generates frequency pulses at different frequencies.
- FIG. 4 shows one preferred embodiment of the frequency pattern generator according to the invention.
- the frequency pattern generator 101 has a memory 12 , which contains sinusoidal data.
- the memory 12 is coupled to two digital-to-analog converters 13 , 14 , the first digital-to-analog converter 13 converting first digital sinusoidal data DSINI to corresponding analog first sinusoidal data SINI and outputting the latter.
- the second digital-to-analog converter 14 converts second digital sinusoidal data DSINQ (which have been phase-shifted through 90° with respect to the first sinusoidal data) to second analog sinusoidal data SINIQ and outputs the latter.
- the I and Q sinusoidal signal components SINI, SINQ which have been respectively shifted through 90° are needed to generate individual sidebands in the single-sideband mixer topology illustrated here.
- Respective low-pass filters 15 , 16 which filter the analog sinusoidal signals SINI, SINQ and output them in the form of phase-shifted mixing frequency signals MFI, MFQ are connected downstream of the digital-to-analog converters 13 , 14 .
- a first local oscillator unit 121 and a second local oscillator unit 122 are also provided and respectively output a radio frequency carrier frequency signal LO 1 , LO 2 .
- a multiplexer arrangement 103 is provided, to the inputs 141 , 142 of which the radio frequency carrier frequency signals LO 1 , LO 2 are applied and to one input 105 of which a zero signal DC at a constant potential level, preferably a zero level, is applied.
- the multiplexer arrangement 103 has one or more control inputs 106 for injecting control signals CTR which are injected into a control input 107 of the frequency pattern generator 101 .
- the multiplexer arrangement 103 passes on one of the two radio frequency carrier signals LO 1 , LO 2 or the zero signal DC to outputs 181 , 182 as local oscillator signals LOI, LOQ which have each been phase-shifted through 90°.
- the two local oscillator signals LOI, LOQ which have been phase-shifted through 90° and the two mixing frequency signals LFI, LFQ which have been phase-shifted through 90° are supplied to a single-sideband mixer 109 , which uses them to mix output signals RFOUT which are routed to an output 111 of the frequency pattern generator.
- the local oscillator units 121 , 122 are, for example, voltage-controlled LC circuits whose output frequencies can be adjusted by adjusting a voltage.
- the advantage resides in the fact that LC circuits provide sinusoidal signals as output signals which give rise to practically no higher harmonics in the single-sideband mixing stage 109 .
- the low-pass filters 15 , 16 are used to filter interference which may be generated by the digital-to-analog converters 13 , 14 .
- FIG. 5 shows one preferred development of the frequency pattern generator according to the invention.
- the preferred development of the frequency pattern generator 201 has control inputs 207 , a first input 210 for injecting a first mixing frequency signal LFI, a second input 310 for injecting a second mixing frequency signal LFQ and an output 211 for outputting a pulsed output signal RFOUT.
- the mixing frequency signals LFI, LFQ have been phase-shifted through 90° in this single-sideband mixer topology.
- the frequency pattern generator 201 has a first local oscillator unit 221 , which generates a radio frequency signal HF 1 of 8 GHz, and a second local oscillator unit 222 , which generates a second radio frequency signal HF 2 of 12 GHz.
- the radio frequency signals HF 1 and HF 2 are respectively supplied to frequency dividers 230 , 204 which use said signals to form a first radio frequency carrier frequency signal LO 1 of 4 GHz and a second radio frequency carrier frequency signal LO 2 of 6 GHz.
- a multiplexer arrangement 203 is provided, into the inputs 241 , 242 of which the first carrier frequency signal LO 1 and the second carrier frequency signal LO 2 are injected.
- a zero signal DC that is generated by a DC voltage potential generator 202 is injected into a further input 205 of the multiplexer arrangement.
- the multiplexer arrangement 203 respectively passes on one of the carrier frequency signals LO 1 , LO 2 or the zero signal DC to its two outputs 281 , 282 as local oscillator signals LOI, LOQ which have been phase-shifted through 90°.
- a first local oscillator signal LOI is then applied to the first output 281 and a second local oscillator signal LOQ is applied to the second output 282 . These two signals have been phase-shifted through 90°.
- a first multiplicative mixing stage 209 is provided, at which the first mixing frequency signal LFI and the first local oscillator signal LOI are mixed to form a first mixed signal RFI.
- the second mixing frequency signal LFQ and the second local oscillator signal LOQ are routed to a second multiplicative mixing stage 309 , which uses said signals to generate a second mixed signal RFQ.
- the two mixed signals FRI, RFQ are phase-shifted through 90° and are supplied to an adder 212 , which uses the two mixed signals RFI, RFQ to generate an intermediate signal RF.
- the two multiplicative mixing stages 209 , 203 and the adder 212 form a single-sideband mixer.
- the intermediate signal RF is supplied to a signal driver 213 , which amplifies the signal and outputs it as an output signal RFOUT that is routed to the output 211 of the frequency pattern generator 201 .
- the relevant upper or lower sideband can be selected by switching the polarity of one of the mixing frequency signals LFI, LFQ.
- Selecting the carrier frequency signals LO, LO 2 to be 4 and GHz and, for example, selecting the frequencies of the mixing frequency signals LFI and LFQ to be 250 MHz and 750 MHz makes it possible to cover virtually all of the frequencies of UWB applications.
- FIG. 6 shows an exemplary spectrum that can be generated using the frequency pattern generator 201 shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 6 shows a corresponding frequency spectrum or a spectral density PSD over a frequency range of 3 to 7 GHz.
- Switching the carrier frequency signals LO 1 , LO 2 and the zero signal DC in order to generate frequency pulse widths of 4 nanoseconds and pulse pauses (during which the zero signal DC is mixed with the mixing frequency signals LFI, LFQ) of 6 nanoseconds makes it possible to achieve the frequency subbands f 1 to f 8 for the frequencies stated above.
- the invention therefore provides a fast frequency pattern generator that is particularly suited to UWB applications.
- a power-saving design that can be achieved by means of 0.13 micrometer CMOS copper technology is desirable, in particular, in UWB applications.
- the frequency pattern generator according to the invention is based primarily on single-sideband mixing of a relatively low-frequency mixing frequency signal and a radio frequency local oscillator signal. Switching local oscillator signals at various frequencies achieves a particularly wide bandwidth without traces of the local oscillator frequency scattering into the output signal.
- the local oscillator frequencies are switched using a multiplexer, the switching time of which may be less than one nanosecond.
- the power consumption of a frequency pattern generator according to the invention is merely less than 100 milliwatts for a supply voltage of 1.5 volts.
- the space occupied, when in the form of an integrated circuit arrangement, is less than one mm 2 for the abovementioned 0.13 micrometer CMOS copper technology.
- the frequency pattern generator according to the invention is therefore particularly suited
Abstract
Description
- RFOUT Pulsed output signal
- CLK Clock signal
- MBG Multiband generator
- SBG Subband generator
- MUX Multiplexer
- LO Local oscillator signal
- SSBU/L Single-sideband mixer
- MBOUT Output signal
- LF, LF1-LFN Mixing frequency signal
- DC Zero signal
- 1, 101, 201 2-1, 2-2, . . . 2-N, Frequency pattern generator
- 121, 122, 221, 222 Local oscillator unit
- 3, 103, 203 4-1, 4-2, 4-
N - 5, 105, 205 Multiplexer inputs
- 6, 106, 206 Control input
- 7, 107, 207 Control input
- VPOT Potential level
- LO1, LO2, . . . LON Carrier frequency signal
- 10, 210, 310 Input
- 9, 109 Mixing stage
- LOI, LOQ Local oscillator signal
- CTR Control signal
- 11, 111, 211 Output
- 12 Memory
- 13, 14 Digital-to-analog converter
- 15, 16 Low-pass filter
- DSINI, DSINQ Digital sinusoidal data
- SINI, SINQ Analog sinusoidal signals
- HF1, HF2 Radio frequency signal
- 202 Potential level generator
- 230, 204 Frequency divider
- 209, 309 Multiplicative mixer
- 212 Adder
- 213 Driver
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102004020031.9 | 2004-04-23 | ||
DE102004020031A DE102004020031B3 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Low loss frequency pattern generator |
DE102004020031 | 2004-04-23 |
Publications (2)
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US20050255822A1 US20050255822A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US7805124B2 true US7805124B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 |
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US11/115,069 Expired - Fee Related US7805124B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-25 | Low-loss frequency pattern generator |
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US (1) | US7805124B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004020031B3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090286500A1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Spectrally constrained local oscillator switching |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100659291B1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-12-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Frequency Synthesizer |
US7522898B2 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2009-04-21 | Wilinx Corporation | High frequency synthesizer circuits and methods |
JP4793595B2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2011-10-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Frequency synthesizer |
DE102005056952A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Circuit arrangement and method for generating local oscillator signals and phase locked loop with the circuit arrangement |
US7602254B2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-10-13 | Infineon Technologies Ag | System and method for generating signals with a preselected frequency relationship in two steps |
US9020073B2 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2015-04-28 | Intel Mobile Communications GmbH | Low intermediate frequency receiver |
US8374265B2 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2013-02-12 | Nec Corporation | Signal processing circuit, signal processing method and recording medium |
US9531571B2 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-12-27 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Agile radio architecture |
Citations (5)
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US20040131130A1 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-07-08 | Gadi Shor | System and method for multi-band ultra-wide band signal generators |
US20050003785A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2005-01-06 | Jackson Paul K. W. | Wideband signal generators, measurement devices, methods of signal generation, and methods of signal analysis |
US20050013344A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Wideband quadrature generation technique requiring only narrowband components and method thereof |
US7035310B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2006-04-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Generating a cyclic sequence of frequencies |
US7218898B2 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2007-05-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for frequency generation in mobile communication system |
-
2004
- 2004-04-23 DE DE102004020031A patent/DE102004020031B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-25 US US11/115,069 patent/US7805124B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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US7035310B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2006-04-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Generating a cyclic sequence of frequencies |
US20050003785A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2005-01-06 | Jackson Paul K. W. | Wideband signal generators, measurement devices, methods of signal generation, and methods of signal analysis |
US20040131130A1 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-07-08 | Gadi Shor | System and method for multi-band ultra-wide band signal generators |
US20050013344A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Wideband quadrature generation technique requiring only narrowband components and method thereof |
US7218898B2 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2007-05-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for frequency generation in mobile communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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Lu et al., "A Digital Ultra-Wideband Multiband Transceiver Architecture with Fast Frequency Hopping Capabilities", 2003 Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies, Nov. 2003, pp. 448-452, (5 pages). |
Shor et al., "TG3a-Wisair Contribution on Multi-Band Implementation", IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks, May 5, 2003, (16 pages). |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090286500A1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Spectrally constrained local oscillator switching |
US7957715B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2011-06-07 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Spectrally constrained local oscillator switching |
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DE102004020031B3 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US20050255822A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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