US760372A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

No. 760,372. 7 PATENTED MAY 17, r19011.

' J1 Bn vCOKE OVEN.

APrLIoATIoN FILED we. 2o. 190s.

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No. 760,372. PATENTED MAY 17, 1904.

J. B. BEAM.

, COKE OVEN.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. so. 190s.

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No. 700,072. .PATENTBD MAY 17, 1004..

. 1.13. BEAM.

COKE OVEN.

APPLIOATION FILED A110. 20. 1003. No MODEL. 4 sums-s111101' s.

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No. 760,372. EATENTED MAY 1v, 1904. J. E. BEAM.

COKE OVEN.

AYXLYIUATION IVILBD AUG, 20. 1903. N0 MODEL. 4 BBBETS--BHBET 4.

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UNITED vSTATES 'atented May 1'?, 1904. l

PATENT OEEICE.

yJACOB E. BEAM, OE BIGEUN, PENNSYLVANIA, AssieNOE vTO THE BEAM COKE OVEN sTEAM BOILEE POWER COMPANY, OE PUNXSUTAWNEY, PENNSYLVANIA, A OOEPOEATION "OE NOETI-i DAKOTA.

COKE-'OVEN-` SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 760,372, dated May 17, 1904.`

Application iiled August 20, 1903.

To (t/Z whom, it ntrtg/ concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB B. BEAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bigrun, in the county of Jefferson and State of Pennsyl- 5 Vania, have invented certainvnew and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens, of which the following is a specification. y i

The object of my invention is to so construct and arrange coke-ovens that the gases 1o which pass from them .may be properly collected and conducted to steam-boiler furnaces, where they may' be utilized iol" generating steam i'oi'various industrial purposes. Y It has heretofore been proposed to do this; but the ovens and their lines have not been so `arranged as to conduct the gases without loss of heat or to prevent explosions or to allow the coking operation'to proceed properly without interruption, nor'have they been organized in such manner as to produce the highest efficiency in the use of the gases admitted un der the boilers.

According to my invention l arrange -the stean1-generators close to the ovens and connect them with the ovens by means of fines located underground and so arranged that the hot gases may be conducted through them to the furnaces without undue loss by radiation,

Vwhile such Ovens as are being drawn or reiilled 30 or which are out ofoperation for any other reason have their heat maintained, so that their charges may be quickly ignited when they are properly prepared.

Each oven connects with the main iiue by means of a branch iiue, which opens into the oven a considerable distance above the level of the coke, and each of these branch iiuesl is provided with a valve located close to the oven and serving to cut ott such oven while it is being drawn or recharged and until the 4proper temperature is attained within it.

As usual, the ovens are arranged in two parallel rows, and the main Hue, which is located between the rows oi' ovens, runs parallel with them. The furnaces are located specilied distances apart, and Valves in the lines are so distributed that any desired number of ovens may be made to supply a furnace. The

Serial No. 170,214. (No model.)

organization is also such that after an oven has become cool while being drawn or recharged its temperature maybe quickly raised by causing the hot gases .from one or more adjacent ovens to enter it, and in order to more effectively carry on the gases during' the coking operations and to promote coinbustion while passing' through the iiues and furnaces the branch fines from the ovens are located insuch relation to the top openings in the ovens that air Inay be drawn through these openings and throiilgh the llues without in any way interfering with the coking operation.

In the accompanying' drawings, Figure l is a diagram illustrating one way in which the ovens, fines, andfurnaces may be arranged in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 shows, on an enlarged scale and in section and more in detail, the arrangement of ovens, fur naces, lines, and valves indicated in outline in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view illustrating the valved flue leading into one of the boiler-furnaces. Fig. l is a detail plan view of the Valve mechanism shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a modiiied way of arranging the boilers, ovens, and lines. Fig. 6 is a view on a larger scale and partly in section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5 Fig 7 is a diagram illustrating another modiiication. Fig. 8 is an enlarged view, in vertical section, on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustratingstill another modi- Aiication. Fig. 10 is an enlarged View, in vertical section, on the line l0 l0 ot' Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a detail sectional View of one of the valves employed. Fig. 12 is a perspective View of a 35 crank-handle which may be employed Jor operating the valve shown in Fig. 11.

As illustrated in Fig. l, there are two parallel rows of ovens A. rlhey are oi the ordinary beehive type, being lined with {ire-brick and inclosed in masonry, with proper iilling, in the usual manner. The doors or drawing-oritices a are located in the usual place, and each oven is formed with a central opening a at the tpp, which may be closed by a suitable lid a. A

Running parallel with the two rows of ovens below the top of the masonry is a main iiue B. The ovens are connected with this main iiue by means of branch iues C, which are located below the top level and open into the ovens a considerable distance above the level of the charges and closel to the top openings a'. Each of these branch iiues is provided with a valve D, preferably of the form shown, which when closed has its upper end quite close to the top level.

In Fig. l I have shown sixteen ovens. some cases I prefer to supply each furnace E with hot gases from eight ovens. I therefore arrange valves F in the main in such manner as to separate groups of eight ovens from the others. If the valves at f, and :v2 are closed, it will be readily seen that the furnace at y will be supplied from the eight ovens to the left of the valve rv', while the` furnace at y will be supplied from the eight ovens to the right of the valve m; but the arrangement is such that the valves F may be shifted so that a furnace may be supplied from ovens anywhere along the line. of the ovens to the left of the valve are out of operation and half of the ovens to the right of the valve x are also out of operation, enough heat could probably `not be obtained from a set of eight ovens to supply a furnace. Byopenng thevalve at the hot gases from the ovens both to the right andto the left of this valve could be drawn into one of the furnaces. Thus one of the furnaces couldl be kept in operation, instead of throwing both of them out.

In Fig. l some of the ovens are shown connected directly with the mainby branch flues C, arranged at right angles therewith. Some of the ovens, however, are connected with the main by means of diagonally-arranged flues 0. The furnaces are connected with the main by relatively large flues G, which join the main where the branch lues c join it. At each of these points I preferably construct a Amanhole H, closed by a suitable cover h. Near the end of each ue G, next the furnace E, I arrange a valve I, by means of which the adjacent furnaces may be entirely cut oif from the main or the passage of the hot gases to the furnace may be suitably regulated. This valve, as shown, consists of a hinged plate, to which is connected a rod c, that projects thro ugh a slotted opening c" in the covering above the flue G and connects with an arm 2 on a rockshaft 3, mounted in suitable bcarings over the iue. To one end of this rock-shaftis secured an operating-lever J, provided with detent mechanism j, engaging a toothed wheel j/-on the rock-shaft. A ratchet-wheel K is also attached to the rock-shaft, and with this wheel engages a pawl K', which is pivoted in suitable stationary bearings and is provided with a foot-piece 7c. When the detent is released and the pawl K is raised, the lever J may be turned in either direction tol open or close the If, for instance, halfY valve I, and the valve may be held in any desired position by suitably setting the pawl K.

It will be observed that the main B is below the top level of the masonry, and hence there is no free radiation from it to the open air. Such radiation as there is from it is compensated for usually by the radiation from the ovens themselves, so that the heat of the gases drawn from the ovens is maintained until these gases reach the furnaces E; but where ovens are being drawn and recharged their temperature of course tends to fall, but their temperature is prevented from falling low in a large measure by means of the heat which radiates from the main B.'

It is the common practice to draw every other oven in the series, so that the temperature of the ovens shall not unduly fall, and in ordinary weather the heat from the ovens not being drawn is sufficient to maintain the heat of the drawn ovens to such an extent that after these ovens are recharged and closed combustion will take place spontaneously; but inzero weather this is not always the case. By my improvement, however, where the main B is run close to all the ovens the temperature of the drawn ovens is maintained much more effectively. Furthermore, the organization is such that the heat or hot gases from adjacent ovens may be thrown into the drawn and recharged ovens. By closing the valve I the hot gases will be prevented fromescaping from the flues, and hence will be forced back, and if the valves D of ovens which have been recharged are opened the gases will pass into the ovens and quickly raise their temperature, thus starting the combustion of thecoal. Then the valve I may be opened and the hot gases be allowed to enter the furnaces E. The valves D may be closed at such ovens as are commencing to operate until the coal has properly ignited and the proper degree of combustion has been attained.

The inner ends of the iiues C are a considerable distance above the coke-line a, (indicated in Fig.-2,) and they should be quite close to the top openings c. This feature is better shown in Figs. 8 and 10. By removing the lids a2 from the ovens air will be drawn in through the openings a and out through the flues C, thus promoting combustion in the flues and in the furnaces E. The furnaces are provided with high stacks, which produce. a strong draft through the flues. Hence the products of combustion do not tend to pass out throughthe openings d; but air is drawn4 in through them and passes directly to the iiues C without coming in contact with the coke or in any way interfering with the combustion of the charge. The air merely comes in contact withand mingles with the hot gases at the time when they are ready to escape. The tracks L for the dump-cars in this instance pass directly over the charging- IIO IIS

openings a; but they may be otherwise arranged, as hereinafter described; but it will be observed that everything about the ovens is located below the top of the masonry, or

close to the top thereof, so that the workmen can move about freely without obstruction.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the furnaces E are shown as being' located close to "the ovens and at the sides thereof. They may be located between the ovens, as hereinafter described; but it is important that they be located, closeto them in order that there may be no undue loss of heat by radiation. The steam generated by the furnaces may be used to operate engines in electric power and lighting plants, and the electricity thus generated may be carried to distant points for consumption.

ln Figs. 5 and 6 the furnaces E are shown as being located between the two parallel rows of ovens A. In this instance the main B is divided by valves F in such manner that each furnace E is su pplied from four ovens. Tracks L for the dump-cars are located on elevations M above the level of the lling-orifces a', and these elevations are formed with chutes N, leading from between the rails to the fillingoriiices. The furnaces E are connected with the main by fines E, and these fines E' areprovided with valves I, similar to that correspondingl y lettered in Fig. 3. The construction and operation ofthe ovens and the furnaces shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is in other respects similar to those heretofore described.

1n Fig. 7 I have shown a' single row ofovens with the track L arranged immediately over the lilling-orifices af. Valves F are located in the main B at suitable distances apart, and the furnaces E are connected with the main by valved fines Gr. Each furnace E is shown as beingl arranged to be supplied from four ovens; but by opening the valves F gases may be drawn from a larger number of ovens, if desired.

In Figs. 9 and l0 a somewhat different organization is illustrated. In the drawings before described the flues, while being arranged below the top level, are comparatively close to the surface, so that they may be built or laid without digging deep or interfering with the construction of the ovens, and hence it is easy to apply these improvements to-ovens already built.

In Figs. 9 and 10 some of the flues are shown as being located `below the bottom level of the ovens. This modiieation of my invention can best be applied to ovens while they are being built. lt cannot so readily be applied to ovens already constructed. The main liuc B runs parallel with and between the ovens A; butit is deep down in the ground below the bottom level of the ovens, and between each set of four ovens it connects with a vertical flue T, closed by a cover With this vertical flue are connected four branch flues C, similar to those before described, and each having a valve D. Where each vertical flue T joins the main B, a lateral flue Gr joins the main and passes ,out between two adjacent ovens and below the bottom level thereof, connecting witha transverse flue O, which communicates by branch iiues P with furnaces E. The branches P are provided with valves P', by means of which the hot gases may be shut off from one or more of the furnaces, and a manhole Q is provided near the point where the flue G joins the transverse flue O. A valve B is located at the inner end of each flue Gr, near the main B. This valve is preferably of the ordinary stovepipe variety and has a long vertical stem fr, reaching to near the top level. Its upper end is preferably arranged in a recess r' below the surface and is squared to receive a crank-handle S. By the use of such a valve l avoid projections above the top level, so that the space above the ovens is clear.

The principal advantage in the construction just described is that the heat is better maintained in the flues, and such ovens as tend to lower in temperature while being drawn and recharged are prevented largely from doing' so by the heat which radiates from the ['lues B and Gr. Not only are the ovens heated by radiation from the fines B, which pass between the two series, but some of the ovens-wiz., those on one sideM-are heated by the radiation from the lines G. It being remembered that in working' the ovens only every other or each alternate one is drawn at a time, it will be seen that the temperature of such ovens as are being drawn will be prevented from falling too low by the heat which rad i,- ates from the flues. The liues being arranged between each two ovens on one side, if the ovens jl 2 3 are thrown out of operation to be drawn and recharged they will be heated bythe hot gases passing'througll the lines (5i, which are adjacent to them, as well as by the hot gases in the main flue B.

l am aware that various attempts have been made to utilize the hot gases from coke-ovens; but they have not come into general use owing to defects in the general organization proposed and in the details of construction. All parts of the ovens, fines, &e.`, made in accordance with my invention are strong and durable. Practically no modilication of the ovens proper is necessary, and additions which T have made instead of interfering with the usual and proper operations of the ovens very materially facilitates such operation and in addition enables me to utilize hot gases heretofore commonly wasted.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination of a series of ovens, a main flue running parallel with the ovens be-` low the top level and communicating with the ovens by branch flues also below the top, valves placed at suitable distances apart and dividing the main flue into sections, valves'in' the branch lines controlling the passage of IOO gases from the ovens to the main Hue, furnaces placed close to the ovens and connected with the main Hue by branch Hues and valves in said last-mentioned branch Hues for regulating the admission of gases to the furnaces.

2. The combination of a series of ovens, a main Hue running parallel therewith below the top level and communicating with the ovens by branch Hues which enter the ovens above the coke-level and close to the filling-orifices of the ovens, valves placed at suitable distances apart and dividing the main Hue into sections, valves in the branch Hues controlling the passage of gases from the ovens to the main Hue, furnaces close to the ovens and connected with the main Hue by branch Hues and valves in said branch Hues for regulating the admission of gases to the furnaces.

3. The combination of a series of ovens, a

main Hue running parallel with the ovens below the top level and communicating with the ovens by branch Hues which enter the ovens above the coke-level and close to the fillingoriHces of the ovens, valves in the branch Hues controlling the passage of gases from the ovens to the main Hue, a furnace close to the ovens and connected with the main Hue by a branch Hue and a valve in said branch Hue for regulating the admission of gases to the furnace and which when closed causes the gases to back up into a recently-charged oven.

4. The combination of a series of ovens, a main Hue running parallel therewith below the top level, a furnace placed close to the ovens, an underground branch Hue connecting the furnace with the main Hue and passing between two ovens in such proximity thereto as to impart heat to said ovens and valved branch Hues connecting the ovens with the Hues leading to the furnace.

5. The combination of two parallel series of ovens, a main Hue running parallel with the oven below their top level and in such proximity thereto as to impart heat to them, valved branch Hues below the top level and connecting the ovens with the main Hue, valves placed at intervals and dividing the main Hue into sections, furnaces connected with the main Hue by underground branch Hues which pass between two adjacent ovens and in such proximity thereto as to impart heat to them and valves in said branch Hues for regulating the admission of gases to the furnaces and which when closed cause gases to back up into recently-charged ovens.

6. The combination of a vseries of ovens, a main Hue running parallel therewith and arranged below the bottom level of the ovens, vertical Hues arranged at intervals and communicating with the main Hue, valved branch Hues connecting the vertical Hues with the ovens, furnaces arranged at intervals close to the ovens and branch Hues arranged between the ovens and below the bottom level thereof and each of which passes between two adjacent ovens and connects the main Hue with a furnace.

7 The combination of two series of ovens, a main Hue running parallel therewith between them and below the bottom level thereof, a vertical Hue communicating with the main Hue and connected by valved branch Hues with a set of ovens, a furnace placed close to the ovens and a valved .Hue placed below the bottom level of the ovens which passes between two adjacent ovens and connects the main Hue with the furnace.

8. The combination with two series of ovens, a main Hue running parallel therewith between them, and below the bottom level thereof, a vertical Hue connected with the main Hue and connected by valved branch Hues with a set of ovens, a furnace placed close to the ovens, a Hue placed below the bottom level of the ovens which passes between two adjacent ovens and connects they main Hue with the furnace, and a valve at the inner end of said last-mentioned Hue and the main Hue provided with a valve-stem reaching to the top level of the ovens.

9. The combination of two series of ovens, a main Hue running parallel therewith between them and below the bottom level thereof, a vertical Hue connected with the main Hue and connected by valved branch Hues with a set of ovens, a branch Hue connected with the main Hue and placed between two ovens below the bottom level thereof, a valve at the inner end of said Hue next the main Hue, a set of furnaces, a transverse Hue at the outer end of the last mentioned Hue and valved branch Hues leading from said transverse Hue to said furnaces.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

JACOB B. BEAM.

Vitnesses:

LLOYD B. WIGHT, K. H. FENNING.

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