US745114A

US745114A - Lightning-arrester.

Info

Publication number: US745114A
Application number: US15134703A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles E Nicholas
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1903-04-06
Filing date: 1903-04-06
Publication date: 1903-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 1920-11-24

Description

No. 745,114. PATBNTED Nov. 24, 1903. G. E. NICHOLAS.

LIGHTNING ARRESTBR APPLIUATION FILED APR. s, 190s.

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No. 745,114. v PATENTBD N0V.24,19o3.

c. I.. NICHOLAS.

LIGHTNING ARRESTER.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 6, 1903.

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ATTORNEY- rEatented November 24, 1903.

PATENT EEiCE.

CHARLES E. NICHOLAS, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

LIGHTNING-ARRESTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 745,114, dated November 24, 1903.

Application filed April 6, 1903. Serial No. 151,347. (No model.)

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OHARLEs E. NICHOLAS, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lightning- Arresters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of lightning arresters which are more especially adapted for use on telegraph-poles for protection ofthe various circuits emanating from a cable through a distributing-box mounted upon the pole.

The primary object of my invention is to provide an arrester of the class described whereby the line to be protected will have a larger surface exposed to ground than is possible with the ordinari7 types of arresters now in common use.

The invention also seeks to provide a deu vice of the character' stated in which the grounding-terminal is held between the crossarms of the pole by the same means which secures the line-wire vand holds it in proper position and at the same time obviates the necessity of the usual insulators upon the crossarms to which the line-wire is usually secured.

With other objects in view,which will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts which will effectively serve their intended purposes and which will iirst be described in detail and then pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings,in which*- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the upper part of a telegraph-pole with my invention applied. Fig. 2 is a top plan View of one pair of cross-arms. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section thereof. Fig. 4. is a cross-section on the line 4L 4 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is a detail View of a slightlymodified form of my invention hereinafter specifically referred to. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of another modified form of my invention. Fig. 7 shows my invention as adapted for use in connection with the line-wire on single-arm poles. Fig. S is a similar view of a further modification of my invention, and

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section thereof.

'Referring nowto the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals and letters of reference indicate like parts in all of the tigures, l indicates a teleg1aph-pole,(which may be of any approved construction,) upon which is mounted the usual distributing-box 2, into which the end of the cable 3 is led and from which the various wires emanate.

Mounted upon the upper part of the pole by bolts 5 or otherwise are a series of crossarms 6 6X, arranged in pairs for a purpose presently to appear. Each of the cross-arms 6 6X has a series of horizontal bores 6 6b, adapted to receive insulating-knobs 7 7X, of porcelain, glass, or other like vitreous substances. The horizontal bores 6'L of one of the pair of cross-arms are in alinement with the horizontal bores 6b of the other crossarm 6x.

8 designates a cylindrical tube of iron or other like metallic substance held between each pair of cross-arms 6 6X, and the tubes 8 have their ends S 8b projecting into the horizontal bores 6a 6b of the cross-arms 6 6X, and the said tube ends 8' Sb are furthermore adapted to abut the ends 7 7a of the insulating-knobs 7 7X, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

To hold the knobs 7 7x and the tubes 8 in their proper relative positions, I drive spikes 9 vertically through the cross-arms 6 o'X to engage the grooves 7b in the knobs 7 7', as is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and Li.

By referring now more particularly to Figs. 3 and 4 it will be seen the knobs 7 7X are disposed about midway the horizontalbores G 6, whereby to leave spaces X and Y at the outer ends of the knobs 7K.

Passing through longitudinal bores 7C in the knobs 7 7X and through the tube 8 is an eyebolt l0, having an eye portion l0 at one end through which the naked line-wire from the distributingbox 2 is adapted to pass, and

`at the other end the bolt 10 is threaded, as

at 10b, to receive the lock-nut ll and washer i2, as shown.

In the practical application of my inven tion the line-wires are securely fastened to the eyebolts 10 in any approved manner, either by passing the line-wire 4. through the eye of the bolt l0 and winding it back upon itself, as at il, (see Figs. 4.- and 6,) or it may be held in place by simply drawing the eye lO of the eyebolt l0 tightly against the knob 7X; but when this method of fastening the line-wires is used I prefer to arrange the insulating-knobs 7X in the manner best shown in Fig. 5, from Which it will be seen the knob 7X has its end .e projecting slightly beyond the front face of the cross-arm 6x to prevent the live line-wire coming in contact with the cross-arm 6X, and thereby obviate any danger of a ground. This arrangement is not, however, absolutely necessary, since the line-wire may or may not be insulated up to the point where it passes through the eyebolt 10.

Mounted upon the eyebolt 10 within the tubular member 8 are a series of thin metallic washers 15 of slightly less diameter than the internal diameter of the tube 8, and while I prefer to use these washers as shown, since they increase the eciency of my arrester, yet I may dispense with them entirely.

16 designates a ground-wire having 011e end grounded in the usual manner, and this Wire is preferably strung up the side of the pole to near the upper pair of cross-arms 6 6x.

Secured to the tubes 8 by wrapping around them or in any approved manner and in electrical connection therewith are wires 16 1Gb, joined at 16C to the ground-Wire 16, whereby the tubes 8 are brought into electrical connection with each other and with the earth.

So far as described the manner in which my invention operates is best explained as follows: The static charges set up in the linewire by the electrical stresses in the atmosphere will be discharged from the washers 15 and eyebolt 10 to the tube 8 and from thence conducted to ground. This discharge under ordinary conditions-t'. e., when thecharge is not excessive-' Will be in the nature of a brush discharge; but should lightning strike the line-wires 4, and thereby cause the linewire to become excessively charged, the charge will pass alongthe line-wires 4t to the eyebolt 10 and thence discharge to the tube S. From thence it will be conducted through the Wires 16 1Gb and the ground-wires 16 to earth.

By arranging my invention in the manner shown and described it will be readily apparent that should any of the parts of the device become injured it will only be necessary to remove the fastening-nuts of the eyebolt 10 and the spikes 9, when the tube 8 and insulating-knobs 7 7x may be withdrawn and replaced as desired.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 6 the insulating-knobs 7 7X have countersunk bores 7f, into which the tube 8 is adapted to fit, and in this form the tube S is of a small diameter, so as to lie close to the eyebolt 10.

When it is desirable to use my arrester in connection with the ordinary single-arm pole, the line-wire e is fastened to the usual insulator ct upon the cross-arm 6m and strung through the 1knobs 7 7X and the tube 8, the eyebolt being omitted. To hold the knobs 7 7x and tube 8 in proper correlative positions, the groundingwire 16X is wrapped around the insulating knobs and tubes, as indicated by 165' in Fig. 7.

In Figs. 8 and 9 I have shown a slightlymodied form of my invention which is more particularly adapted for use in connection with the single-arm poles. In this form the tube 8 is made of suilicient diameter to receive the insulating-knobs 7 7x at its ends, which knobs 7 7X are suitably cemented, as at e, in the tube S to hold the same in proper position.

The grounding-wire 16 is wrapped around the tube 8, as at 16V, which serves in this form as a sufljcient grounding connection'and also to hold the arrester in position on the linewire.

In the practical arrangement of my invention I find it convenient to place the form shown in Figs. S and 9 at intervals at from one to two miles, as may be desired.

By providing the space as shown, the nut end of the eyebolt, together with its nut and washer,will be protected from accidental displacement, the outer face of the nut being flush with the outer face of the cross-arm 6. Furthermore, while I have shown but two sets of cross-arms carrying suflicient arresters for twenty line-wires yet I do not desire to limit myself to this particular number of cross-arms, since any desired nu mberot crossarms may be used without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Neither do I desire to limit myself to the manner of arranging the cross-arms upon the poles, and although I have shown the cross-arms arranged ior all the wires running in the same direction yet they may be arranged to allow the wires to be strung in different directions. I desire it furthermore understood that slight changes and modifications in the structure and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the scope ofthe appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. As a new article of manufacture, a lightning-arrester comprising a longitudinallydisposed conductor and a cylindrical metallic tube, insulators at each end, said tube adapted to be electrically connected to the ground, said insulators being longitudinally apertured whereby to receive the longitudinallydisposed conductor electrically connected to the line-Wire, for the purposes specilied.

2. A lightningarrester of the class described, comprising in combination with a pair of cross-arms; of a line-terminal and a ground-terminal, said ground-terminal being mounted between the cross-arms and in electrical connection with the earth, and said lineterminal being mounted on and insulated from the cross-arms and in electrical connection with the line-wire, for the purposes speci tied.

3. A lightning-arrester comprising in combination with a pair of apertured cross-ar1ns,

IOC

IIO

IIS

of a line-terminal and a ground-terminal, said ground-terminal being held between the cross-arms with its ends projecting into the apertures therein and in electrical connection with the earth, and said line-terminal mounted in the apertures of the cross-arms and insulated therefrom, said line-terminal being in electrical connection with the linewire and passing through 'the ground-terminal, for the purposes specified.

A. In a lightning-arrester of the character stated, a pair of supports having apertures therethrough, a cylindrical member mounted between said supports with its ends projecting into the apertures therein, means for holding said cylindrical members in position and from lateral movement, said means including longitudinally-apertured, insulating-knobs mounted within the apertures of the supports and having their ends in contact with the cylindrical member, and a metallic line-terminal adapted to pass through the insulatingknobs and the cylindrical member, for the purposes specified.

5. -In a lightning-arrester of the character stated, a pair of supports having apertures therethrough, a metallic tube mounted between the said supports, said tube having its ends projecting within the apertures in the supports, insulators mounted at the ends of said tube within the apertures of the supports, said insulators having longitudinal apertures and 'circumferential grooves, means engaging with the circumferential grooves for securing the insulators in position, and a rod passing through the insulators and the tube, said rod being held out of contact with the said tube and including an eye portion and a nut-receiving portion, for the purposes specified.

6. In a lightning-arrester of the character stated including a pair of supports having apertures therethrough,a metallic tubular member mounted between the said supports, said tubular member having its ends projecting within the apertures in the supports, insulators mounted at the ends of said tubular member within the apertures of the supports, said insulators each having a longitudinal aperture and a circumferential groove, means for engaging with the circumferential groove for securing the insulators in position, a rod passing through the insulators and the tube, said rod including an eye portion and a nut-receiving portion, said rod being held out of contact with said tubular member, and a series of disks arranged upon said rod within the tubular member, said rod adapted to be connected with the line-wire, and means for connecting said tubular member with the earth, for the purposes specified.

7. A lightning-arrester comprising in combination with the apertured supporting-arms 6 6X, of a metallic tube S held between said arms with its ends projecting into the apertures thereof, insulators 7 7x arranged at each end of the tube within the apertures of the arms, said insulators having apertures, an eyebolt 10 adapted to pass through' the apertured insulatorsand the tube 8, a series of washers 15 mounted upon the eyebolt within the tube S, means for securing the insulators in position, said means including spikes 9 driven through the supporting-arms and engaging with the insulators,and means for connecting the tube 8 to the earth, said lastnarned means consisting of conductor-wires connected to the tube S and to the ground, as specified.

8. A lightning-arrester for cable-terminals, comprising in combination with a pair of cross-arms; of a series of tubular members mounted between the cross-arms, each of said tubular members being in electrical connection with each other and with the earth, a series of eyebolts, one for each tubular member, said eyebolts passing through said crossarms and said tubular members and insulated therefrom and from the earth, each of said eyebolts being in electrical connection with a line-wire, substantially as shown and described.

CHARLES E. NICHOLAS.

Witnesses:

J. D. PARK, W. H. MILLER.