US7254944B1 - Energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy storage system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7254944B1 US7254944B1 US11/162,941 US16294105A US7254944B1 US 7254944 B1 US7254944 B1 US 7254944B1 US 16294105 A US16294105 A US 16294105A US 7254944 B1 US7254944 B1 US 7254944B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wellbore
- gases
- subterranean zone
- gas
- electric power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 natural gas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002343 natural gas well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/17—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/48—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations using landscape topography, e.g. valleys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect
Definitions
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of the system of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a semi-schematic elevational view of the system shown in FIG. 2 . Subsurface features are shown in cross-section.
- the present invention comprises an energy storage system, generally designated by reference numeral 10 .
- the system 10 comprises a renewable power production facility 12 , which comprises at least one collector 14 and a device for generating electricity, such as a wind turbine, operatively engaged to the collector 14 .
- the collector 14 may comprise a wind energy collector, as shown in FIG. 3 , a collector for solar energy, wave energy, or any other renewable power source, or a combination of such collectors.
- a plurality of collectors 14 may be provided, each operatively engaged to one or more devices for generating electricity.
- the system 10 further comprises a compressor 16 which is driven by a motor 18 .
- the motor 18 is in turn preferably powered by the output of the renewable power production facility 12 , which is typically electricity.
- the compressor 16 is characterized by a gas inlet 20 (shown in FIG. 3 ) disposed in fluid communication with a supply of atmospheric gases, and a gas outlet 22 .
- the atmospheric gases may consist of ambient air, or they may instead consist of nitrogen stripped from ambient air.
- the compressor is adapted to compress the atmospheric gases to a high pressure, such as between about 500 and about 1,000 pounds per square inch, and to transfer and inject these gases as described hereafter.
- the system 10 further comprises at least one wellbore 24 providing fluid access to a subterranean zone 26 that can function as a subsurface storage cavity.
- the wellbore 24 is that of a non-producing hydrocarbon well, such as a gas well, and the subterranean zone 26 is a hydrocarbon-depleted zone suitable for pressurized gas storage.
- that zone is preferably relatively shallow, with a depth of about 6000 feet or less preferred.
- the wellbore 24 is characterized by a gas inlet port 28 in fluid communication with the gas outlet 22 of compressor 16 , and a gas outlet port 30 .
- Fluid flow between the compressor 16 and wellbore 24 is controlled by one or more valves.
- the compressor 18 is adapted to transfer and inject these pressurized gases though the wellbore 24 and into the subterranean zone 26 .
- a plurality of wellbores may be provided, with each additional wellbore providing access to the same subterranean zone that can function as a subsurface storage cavity, or to a plurality of such subterranean zones.
- the system 10 preferably further comprises an electric power production device 32 which is drivable by the energy of pressurized gases received directly or indirectly from the subterranean zone 26 by way of the wellbore 24 .
- the electric power production device 32 is preferably situated on the surface 52 of the terrain on which the wellbore 24 is situated.
- the electric power production device 32 comprises a turbine 34 , which is drivable by flow of the pressurized gases, and an electric power generator 36 operatively engaged with the turbine 34 . Fluid flow between the turbine 34 and the wellbore 24 is controlled by one or more valves.
- the electric power production device 32 is operatively connected by conductors to the electric power grid 50 , in order to supply alternating current thereto.
- gases that are transferred from subterranean zone 26 may include hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, in addition to the compressed atmospheric gases that have been injected by compressor 16 .
- hydrocarbons are separated from the pressurized gases at a stage prior to their flow to the electric power production device 32 .
- Such separation is preferably carried out by a gas processor 38 having an inlet port 40 in fluid communication with the gas outlet port 30 of the wellbore 24 , and an outlet port 42 in fluid communication with the electric power production device 32 .
- the gas processor 38 is preferably situated at the surface 52 of the terrain on which the wellbore 24 is situated, in a processing zone.
- compressor 16 is preferably operated during times of off-peak demand on the alternating current power grid 50 , preferably using electrical energy produced by the renewable power production facility 12 .
- the compressor 16 is supplied with atmospheric gases through gas inlet 20 , and these gases are compressed to high pressure and injected into gas inlet port 28 of the wellbore 24 .
- the pressurized gases flow under pressure to subterranean zone 26 , where they are stored.
- the stored pressurized gases are allowed to flow from the subterranean zone 26 , through the wellbore 24 and to the surface 52 . At the surface 52 , these gases are used to power electric power production device 32 . Device 32 in turn delivers generated electric power to the grid 50 .
- the pressurized gases are processed in gas processor 38 , to separate and remove any hydrocarbons therein, prior to their flow to the electric power production device 32 .
- FIG. 2 shows an another embodiment of the system of the present invention, generally designated by reference numeral 60 .
- the system 60 includes the same renewable power production facility 12 , compressor 18 , motor 16 , wellbore 24 , subterranean zone 26 , turbine 34 , generator 36 and gas processor 38 described with reference to FIG. 1 .
- the generator 36 is operatively connected to supply alternating current to electric power grid 50 .
- the system 60 preferably further comprises a gas heater 44 adapted to heat pressurized gases received from subterranean zone 26 prior to their flow to electric power production device 32 .
- the gas heater 44 preferably comprises a heat chamber and is characterized by an inlet port 46 disposed in fluid communication with the gas outlet port 30 of the wellbore 24 , and an outlet port 48 disposed in fluid communication with the electric power production device 32 .
- the gas heater increases the gas temperature by as much as between about 500 degrees F. and about 1,800 degrees F., depending on the metallurgical limits of turbine 34 .
- the inlet port 46 of the gas heater 44 is situated immediately downstream from the gas processor 38 and in fluid communication therewith.
- the outlet port of the 48 of the gas heater 44 is in turn situated immediately downstream from the electric power production device 32 .
- the gas heater 44 is preferably situated in a processing zone at the surface 52 of the terrain on which the wellbore 24 is situated.
- the gas heater 44 provides heat by combusting the hydrogen produced by a water electrolyzer 62 .
- the electrolyzer 62 is in turn preferably powered by the renewable power production facility 12 .
- System 60 operates in substantially the same manner as system 10 , except that gas heater 44 increases the temperature of the pressurized gases delivered from the subterranean zone 26 . This temperature increase enhances the expansion work that these gases may perform in the turbine 34 of electric power production device 32 .
- the renewable power production facility 12 , compressor 16 and motor 18 are each preferably located in close proximity to the wellbore 24 .
- the gas processor 38 , gas heater 44 and electric power production device 32 are likewise each preferably located in close proximity to the wellbore 24 .
- these components of systems 10 and/or 60 are collocated on a single real property tract in which each estate thereof, whether mineral or surface, has uniform ownership throughout. Such uniform ownership can facilitate acquisition of the property rights needed for placement of the system.
- the renewable power production facility 12 includes a wind energy collector 14
- higher power production can be achieved by placing the renewable power production facility 12 , and preferably the entire system, at a location characterized by high average wind speed.
- One area where high average wind speeds are encountered is the natural gas-producing Anadarko Basin area of western Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle. This geographical area is also dotted with non-producing gas wells which access hydrocarbon-depleted subterranean gas zones that are suitable for storage of pressurized gases in accordance with the present invention.
- Such an area characterized by both high average wind speed and a plentitude of non-producing gas wells, is well adapted for placement and operation of the system of the present invention.
- a wind energy collector may be positioned by locating an area of high wind speed situated within a natural gas producing region. Within the area of high wind speed, a non-producing hydrocarbon well, and preferably a non-producing natural gas well, is located. The located well must have wellbore that accesses a hydrocarbon-depleted subterranean zone suitable for storage of compressed atmospheric gases. The wind energy collector is then positioned on a site adjacent the wellbore.
- each of these components is positioned adjacent one another and the wellbore.
- the wellbore and each of the other components of the system are preferably collocated on a single real property tract in which each estate thereof, whether mineral or surface, has uniform ownership throughout.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/162,941 US7254944B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-28 | Energy storage system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US52242504P | 2004-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | |
US11/162,941 US7254944B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-28 | Energy storage system |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US7254944B1 true US7254944B1 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
Family
ID=38336915
Family Applications (1)
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US11/162,941 Active US7254944B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-28 | Energy storage system |
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Cited By (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20060150629A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2006-07-13 | Eric Ingersoll | Use of intersecting vane machines in combination with wind turbines |
US20080093859A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Catlin C S | River and tidal power harvester |
US20090021012A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-22 | Stull Mark A | Integrated wind-power electrical generation and compressed air energy storage system |
WO2009076757A2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | David Mcconnell | Wind to electric energy conversion with hydraulic storage |
US20100072818A1 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-25 | Samuel Thomas Kelly | Electrical Energy Storage and Retrieval System |
WO2011017594A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Newwindtech. Llc | Hydrostatic linear wind mill for wind energy harnessing applications |
US20110030362A1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-10 | Schmidt Howard K | Hydraulic Geofracture Energy Storage System |
US20110041784A1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2011-02-24 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Energy system for dwelling support |
US7900444B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2011-03-08 | Sustainx, Inc. | Systems and methods for energy storage and recovery using compressed gas |
US20110070510A1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2011-03-24 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable material resources using solar thermal |
US20110081586A1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2011-04-07 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable energy |
US7958731B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2011-06-14 | Sustainx, Inc. | Systems and methods for combined thermal and compressed gas energy conversion systems |
US7963110B2 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2011-06-21 | Sustainx, Inc. | Systems and methods for improving drivetrain efficiency for compressed gas energy storage |
US20110200897A1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2011-08-18 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Delivery systems with in-line selective extraction devices and associated methods of operation |
US8037678B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2011-10-18 | Sustainx, Inc. | Energy storage and generation systems and methods using coupled cylinder assemblies |
US8046990B2 (en) | 2009-06-04 | 2011-11-01 | Sustainx, Inc. | Systems and methods for improving drivetrain efficiency for compressed gas energy storage and recovery systems |
US8102071B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2012-01-24 | Catlin Christopher S | River and tidal power harvester |
US8104274B2 (en) | 2009-06-04 | 2012-01-31 | Sustainx, Inc. | Increased power in compressed-gas energy storage and recovery |
US8117842B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2012-02-21 | Sustainx, Inc. | Systems and methods for compressed-gas energy storage using coupled cylinder assemblies |
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