US6970886B1 - Consumer driven methods for associating content indentifiers with related web addresses - Google Patents
Consumer driven methods for associating content indentifiers with related web addresses Download PDFInfo
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- US6970886B1 US6970886B1 US09/578,551 US57855100A US6970886B1 US 6970886 B1 US6970886 B1 US 6970886B1 US 57855100 A US57855100 A US 57855100A US 6970886 B1 US6970886 B1 US 6970886B1
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- identifier
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- Expired - Lifetime, expires
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/08—Auctions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/60—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of audio data
- G06F16/68—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/955—Retrieval from the web using information identifiers, e.g. uniform resource locators [URL]
- G06F16/9566—URL specific, e.g. using aliases, detecting broken or misspelled links
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
- Y10S707/99944—Object-oriented database structure
- Y10S707/99945—Object-oriented database structure processing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
- Y10S707/99948—Application of database or data structure, e.g. distributed, multimedia, or image
Definitions
- the present invention relates to leasing of virtual addresses, as may be associated with music or other media content.
- the present assignee disclosed a variety of technologies by which audio content can be associated with corresponding internet resources.
- the audio content is steganographically encoded (e.g., by digital watermarking) to convey an identifier.
- a computer When a computer encounters such an encoded audio object, it discerns the encoded identifier, forwards the identifier to a remote database (a “Registry database”), and receives in response—from a database record indexed by the identifier—the address of one or more internet resources related to that audio (e.g., fan sites, concert schedules, e-commerce opportunities, etc.)
- the computer can then link to such a resource and present same to a user, e.g., using an internet browser program.
- FIG. 1 Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the identifier can be added into header or other data with which the content is conventionally packaged.
- the identifier can be assigned to the content. Or the identifier can be derived, in some manner, from the content.
- an entity such as a music publisher (e.g., Sony) or a music distributor (e.g., emusic.com), selects a number for encoding into the content.
- the number may be selected from a limited range of numbers (e.g., a range of numbers allocated to that publisher by the proprietor of the Registry database), but the number itself is not inherently related to the content with which it is associated.
- the identifier is derived from the content, or from other information associated with the content.
- One way to derive an identifier is to employ selected bits of the content, itself, as the identifier. For example, in MP3 audio, where the signal is encoded into frames, the Nth bit of the first 128 frames of a musical work can be assembled together into a 128 bit identifier. Or data present in MP3 headers can be used. In another approach, some or all of the content data is processed by a hashing algorithm to yield a 128 bit identifier corresponding to that content. In both of these cases, the identifier is implicit in the audio itself. That is, no data needs to be added (e.g., in a header, or by steganographic encoding).
- the identifier When deriving the identifier from associated information, one can use the table of contents (TOC) of the CD or file allocation table of the DVD.
- TOC table of contents
- the ID can be embedded within the MP3 file, if it is being ripped from the CD or DVD at the time or ID creation.
- the method of embedding can be embedded via header, footer or frame bits, or via a watermark.
- Some techniques for deriving an identifier may rely on external resources. For example, when “ripping” a song from a commercial music CD into MP3 form, many ripper software programs refer to an on-line disc recognition database, found at www.cddb.com, to obtain the title and length of the song. This “table of contents” information can be used to form the identifier, e.g., by selecting predetermined bits, hashing, etc. In this case, the identifier must generally be added to the audio (i.e., it is explicit, as was the case of the assigned identifiers). Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 2 .
- derived identifiers may not be unique. That is, two unrelated audio files may—coincidentally—correspond to the same identifier. But by making the identifier sufficiently long (e.g., 128 bits), such occurrences can be made arbitrarily unlikely.)
- the entity doing the assigning e.g., a record label such as Sony, or a music distributor such as Emusic
- the database record contains, e.g., one or more URL(s) leading to information relating to the audio content.
- the present invention addresses this and related issues.
- a user who encounters an unused Registry database record is given an option to manage it, or to participate financially in its exploitation.
- the Registry database when the Registry database first receives a query corresponding to an un-used identifier, the person initiating the query is given an opportunity to lease that identifier for a predetermined period, such as two months. Upon payment of a nominal fee (e.g., $10), the user can specify a URL that will be stored in the Registry database in association with that identifier, and to which subsequent users will be directed.
- a nominal fee e.g. $10
- an auction commences, with a nominal opening bid (e.g., $10). The auction continues for a short period, such as a week or a month, allowing other persons who encounter such music early in its distribution life to have a chance at gaining the leasehold rights. At the end of the auction, the winner is granted a lease to that identifier for a predetermined period and can specify the URL with which that identifier is associated.
- a nominal opening bid e.g. $10
- the identifier can be leased for a subsequent term—either for a fixed fee (e.g., a multiple of the fee earlier charged), or through an auction.
- FIG. 1 shows an arrangement by which media content is linked to associated internet resources.
- FIG. 2 shows a process employing an external resource (here www.cddb.com) to derive an identifier corresponding to audio content.
- an external resource here www.cddb.com
- FIG. 3 shows a Registry database with which one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
- FIG. 4 shows the Registry database of FIG. 3 after entry of a new record.
- an exemplary Registry database can be conceptualized as a large look-up table.
- Each active record includes an identifier and a corresponding URL.
- a suitably equipped device e.g., a personal computer, or wireless internet appliance
- the database responds by returning the URL corresponding to that identifier back to the user device.
- the user device then directs an internet browser to that URL.
- music e.g., in MP3 format
- the device decodes the identifier ‘376’ from an MP3 file, and queries the database with this data, the database returns the URL www.emusic.com/0555353x.pdf. The user's web browser is then directed to that URL.
- the identifiers are assumed to be in the range 0–1023. In actual implementations, a much larger range would usually be used.
- the Pinecones releases a song in MP3 format. No identifier is affirmatively assigned to the MP3 when it is encoded, but compliant players process the MP3 data to derive an identifier.
- An exemplary algorithm may take the first ten frames of MP3 data, and select the 100 th data bit from each frame, to yield a ten bit identifier.
- the derived identifier may be ‘883.’
- a listener of the song forwards this ‘883’ identifier to the Registry database, hoping thereby to be linked to supplemental information about The Pinecones or the song. Instead, the Registry reports (e.g., by a default web page) that there is no further information related to that MP3 (i.e., there is no database record corresponding to identifier ‘883’).
- the Registry can invite the listener to remedy this deficiency and to create a web page that will be associated with that song. In exchange for a small fee, the listener is allowed to specify a URL that will be associated with that identifier for a month. If the user is not equipped to design and host a web page, the Registry can provide simple web page authoring tools and a hosting service permitting the listener to easily create a page on-line.
- the listener If the listener accepts this invitation, he makes the payment by various known methods (e.g., via credit card, by one of several emerging web currencies, etc.). He then composes (or specifies) a web page to correspond to that song.
- the Registry is updated to include a new record for identifier ‘883,’ and includes a link to the page specified by the listener (e.g., www.userdefined.com/00004.html). The table after updating is shown in FIG. 4 .
- the ID Since the ID is automatically generated, it may be different for each bit-rate MP3 release as well as for each CD release. Different bit-rate MP3 releases, such as 128 kbps and 96 kbps releases, produce different bits in the resulting MP3 file; thus, the automatically generated identifiers may be different.
- CD releases refer to different mixes of the music, not copies of the master CD; thus, different CD releases have different bits on the CD and, correspondingly, the automatically generated identifiers may be different for each CD release.
- the compliant ripper should embed the identifier generated from the CD into the MP3 file.
- the server has two options. One option is to check and make sure that the same song and artist don't already exist. If they do, the new identifier is linked to the same web page. The second option is to allow each identifier, even if from the same song but different MP3 or CD releases, to have an owner.
- non-identical versions of the same basic content may nonetheless correspond to the same identifier.
- hashing algorithms by which similar or related, but non-identical, inputs map to the same hash outputs.
- the first listener does not have an absolute right to lease the identifier. Rather, the first listener is given a “first mover” advantage in a brief auction for that identifier. By placing a minimum starting bid (e.g., $10), an auction for the identifier is commenced, and continues for a week. Subsequent listeners who link to that identifier during the auction are given the opportunity to beat the then-highest bid. At the end of the auction period, the high bidder is charged (typically by pre-arranged means), and given the opportunity to specify a link for that identifier. (Again, the Registry operator may offer to host the linked page.)
- a minimum starting bid e.g. $10
- the final bid proceeds are split, with the Registry proprietor sharing a portion (e.g., 5–50%) of the proceeds with the listener who initiated the auction. This may create a strong incentive for use of the system, as listeners try to find music not already linked by the database, hoping to start auctions and share in their proceeds.
- the Registry proprietor can re-auction the link.
- the band or its promoters may naturally be one of the bidders. This time the auction may result in large bids, commensurate with the popularity of the music to which it corresponds.
- the proceeds of the auction may be shared by the Registry proprietor, e.g., with the original listener who discovered the identifier, or with the party who was high bidder in the previous (initial) auction.
- the linking rights can be re-auctioned periodically, with the price being proportional to the music's then-current popularity.
- the Registry may place certain limitations on the linked sites.
- the sites may be checked for RSAC ratings, and only sites with non-adult ratings may be allowed.
- the sites may be automatically scanned for keywords or content (using intelligent search engines, possibly based upon trained networks and/or artificial intelligence) suggesting pornography, and those having such words may be manually reviewed. Etc.
- the proprietor may also require that the linked pages contain at least a threshold amount of non-advertising content (e.g., 50% of screen display)—again to encourage use of the identifiers as links to bonafide resources related to the corresponding audio content.
- a threshold amount of non-advertising content e.g. 50% of screen display
- the maintenance of the table 12 is well understood by those skilled in data structures.
- the present disclosure assumes that the entries are sorted, by identifier. In actual implementation, this may not be the case.
- the system may be keyed by identifier, song and artist, thus increasing the speed at which the system can find duplicate songs with different identifiers.
- embodiments of the present invention can be utilized to spur grassroots development of internet resources associated with a wide variety of media content objects.
- Commerce in a new class of virtual assets is enabled—offering the possibility of significant financial returns to individuals who have a knack for identifying popular music before it becomes popular.
- a link that was first leased by a high-schooler for $10 may later be re-leased to Sony Music for $10,000.
- the virtual real estate represented by these identifiers is priced, over time, commensurately with their changing commercial importance.
- derived identifiers may be designed to map into a lower half of a universe of possible identifiers, with the upper half being reserved for assigned identifiers, i.e. setting the most significant bit to determine whether the identifier is assigned or automatically generated.
Abstract
Description
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (2)
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US09/578,551 US6970886B1 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2000-05-25 | Consumer driven methods for associating content indentifiers with related web addresses |
US11/286,134 US9015138B2 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2005-11-23 | Consumer driven methods for associating content identifiers with related web addresses |
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US09/578,551 US6970886B1 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2000-05-25 | Consumer driven methods for associating content indentifiers with related web addresses |
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US11/286,134 Continuation US9015138B2 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2005-11-23 | Consumer driven methods for associating content identifiers with related web addresses |
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US11/286,134 Expired - Fee Related US9015138B2 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2005-11-23 | Consumer driven methods for associating content identifiers with related web addresses |
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