US5543617A - Method of measuring flow velocities using tracer techniques - Google Patents
Method of measuring flow velocities using tracer techniques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5543617A US5543617A US08/266,077 US26607794A US5543617A US 5543617 A US5543617 A US 5543617A US 26607794 A US26607794 A US 26607794A US 5543617 A US5543617 A US 5543617A
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- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002251 gadolinium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- MEANOSLIBWSCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Gd](Cl)Cl MEANOSLIBWSCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003317 GdCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-HVTJNCQCSA-N 10043-66-0 Chemical compound [131I][131I] PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-HVTJNCQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/11—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity
- E21B47/111—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity using radioactivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/704—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
- G01F1/708—Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/11—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of measuring flow velocities in flowing fluids using tracers.
- the invention relates to a method of measuring the flow velocity of a particular phase in a multiphase flow and finds application in measuring flow velocities in hydrocarbon-producing wells.
- the fluids produced by a hydrocarbon well typically comprise a hydrocarbon (oil) phase and an aqueous (water) phase and sometimes a gas phase.
- a hydrocarbon (oil) phase often the aqueous phase, is continuous and the other phase is dispersed therein.
- Knowledge of the proportions of these phases and their flow velocities is required to determine the flow rates from the well of the various phases.
- Many method have been proposed for determining flow velocities in single-phase or multi-phase flows. Some of these require access to the outside of the flow conduit which is not possible in an underground well and so are not applicable to measuring flows within wells as is required for production logging purposes.
- tracers into the flow and to measure the passage of these tracers past a measurement station to make a measurement of the flow.
- a tracer technique is the introduction of a saline solution into the flow and the measurement of the change in electrical conductivity as the tracer passes the measurement station.
- problems can arise due to the natural salinity of the fore-ration water and such a technique only measures the aqueous phase and so cannot be used in isolation to provide all of the required measurements in a hydrocarbon well.
- radioactive tracers have been used to measure single-phase and multi-phase flows.
- tracers can be made either oil-soluble or water-soluble and so the technique can be used to measure both phases in a hydrocarbon well.
- radioactive tracers to determine water flow behind casing (outside the well) is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,828.
- An example of a tool used to make such measurements of flow inside hydrocarbon wells is the Tracer Ejection Tool of Schlumberger which is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,166,215 and 4,166,216 (both incorporated herein by reference).
- Minor amounts of suitable radioactive tracer such as iodine 131 are periodically discharged into the continuous-phase well fluid at a selected depth location in the well.
- the present invention provides a method of determining a dynamic flow characteristic of a flowing fluid, for example the flow velocity of one phase in a multi-phase flow, comprising the steps of creating a nuclear radiation environment around a measurement location in the flowing fluid at which radiation is detected; ejecting a tracer into the flowing fluid upstream of the measurement station which affects detection of the radiation at the measurement location as it passes; making a time-based measurement of the radiation at the measurement location to include passage of the tracer so as to determine the effect of the tracer on the detection of radiation; and using the time-based measurement to determine the dynamic flow characteristic.
- This method has the advantages that the tracer is non-radioactive making handling easier and that no radioactivity resulting from the measurement is produced from the well.
- this invention relates to a measurement of a dynamic characteristic of a flow such as material (phase) flow velocity, based on the time T required for the material (phase) to carry a tracer a distance L from an ejection point to a point where the tracer is detected.
- the velocity of flow is the ratio L/T.
- the flowing material can be solid (e.g. granular particles), liquid or gas and can comprise all of the flowing material (single phase) or only a part thereof (multi-phase, either as a continuous or dispersed phase).
- the tracer material can be solid, liquid or gas according to the nature of the material flow to be measured, the only requirement being that the tracer be carried along at substantially the same velocity as the material in the flow.
- the measurement concept includes an irradiation/detection process in which the irradiation stimulates some physical behavior which is different in the tracer than in the flowing material, and a detector which is responsive to the difference in the physical property between the flowing fluid and the tracer stimulated by the irradiation.
- irradiation/detection processes are density and/or photoelectric measurement (irradiated by a ⁇ ray source and detectable by a scintillation detector) and, in the preferred case, thermal neutron capture cross section measurement (activatable by a neutron generator and detectable by either thermal neutron detectors or ⁇ -ray detectors which detects capture ⁇ rays).
- Other electronic radiation sources such as x-ray tubes might also be used with appropriate detectors.
- the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is targeted toward the measurement of velocity in oil, water and gas phases in oil wells, and specifically chooses the capture cross section of thermal neutrons produced by moderation in the formation and the borehole of 14 MeV neutrons produced by a DT neutron generator as the tracer physical property which is probed.
- the detector is preferably a scintillation detector which responds to capture ⁇ rays.
- Other neutron generators and detectors are possible, e.g. spectroscopic ⁇ ray detectors or ⁇ count rate detectors; the above choices are convenient because they already exist in forms which can be placed in a borehole.
- the tracer must have a capture cross section which is different from that of the flowing material, which can be a combination of water, oil and gas.
- Typical components of borehole oil, water and gas have capture cross sections of less than 10 barns, with the exception of chlorine, which has a capture cross section of 33 barns.
- a preferred tracer for oil and water contains Gd, which has a capture cross section of 49000 barns, in its isotopically natural form.
- a tracer for gas is BF 3 , where the B, which has a capture cross section of 760 barns, in its isotopically natural form provides the high neutron capture cross section of the tracer.
- the step of creating a radioactive environment can comprise irradiating the underground formation surrounding the well with neutrons so as to create a high neutron population within the well which is detected, for example using a thermal neutron detector, at the measurement location.
- irradiation can be achieved using a pulsed accelerator neutron source such as, for example, a 14 MeV D-T accelerator.
- a pulsed accelerator neutron source such as, for example, a 14 MeV D-T accelerator.
- Other electronic radiation sources such as x-ray tubes might also be used where appropriate.
- ⁇ rays which result when the tracer interacts with the neutrons are detected at the measurement location.
- the tracer need not be radioactive and in the preferred case is non-radioactive.
- the tracer comprises a compound which has a high neutron capture cross section such as a gadolinium-containing compound.
- the present invention also provides an apparatus for use in determining a dynamic flow characteristic of a flowing fluid, for example the flow velocity of one phase in a multi-phase flow, comprising a tool body which can be positioned in or around the flowing fluid and including a radiation detector situated at a measurement location in the tool body; means for creating a radiation environment around the measurement location in the flowing fluid at which radiation is detected, for example a neutron source; means in the tool body for ejecting a tracer into the flowing fluid upstream of the measurement station; means for making a time-based measurement of the radiation detected by the radiation detector at the measurement location to include passage of the tracer so as to determine the effect of the tracer on the detection of radiation.
- the present invention also provides a tracer for use in determining flow characteristics of a fluid comprising a compound which is miscible with the fluid and which includes a non-radioactive material having a physical behavior in a radiation environment which is substantially different to that of the fluid, such as a high neutron capture cross section, a higher density or a high Z (effective atomic number).
- the compound is miscible with that phase, soluble in the phase or capable of flowing with that phase.
- the density of the tracer should be selected such that it does not affect the flow of the phase under investigation. It will be appreciated that a tracer can be used which increases the density of the phase under investigation and this can be measured to detect passage of the tracer.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a tool according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a time based plot of apparent borehole thermal neutron cross-section when using the tool of FIG. 1 to measure flow velocity.
- the embodiment of the present invention shown therein comprises a wireline tool 10 which is suspended inside a cased well 12 by means of a wireline cable 14.
- the well is filled with fluid 16 comprising a mixture of formation water (brine) and oil which flows in the direction of the arrow.
- the fluid can also include gas.
- the tool 10 includes a tracer ejection section 18 at its downstream end, a spacer section 20 (optional), an accelerator controller section 22, a pulsed DT accelerator neutron source 24 such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,721,853 (incorporated herein by reference) and ⁇ ray detectors 26 of the type generally used for borehole tools.
- the source 24 is used to irradiate the formation surrounding the well with 14 MeV neutrons which are moderated by interaction with the surrounding material down to thermal energies.
- the moderation and capture of the neutron produces ⁇ rays which are detected at the detectors 26.
- the ejector section 18 is substantially the same as the ejector section described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,166,215 and 4,166,216 and serves to eject a quantity of tracer into the flow.
- the concentration of the tracer and the amount ejected can be selected so as to give easily detectable results as will be explained later.
- the tracer can either be a water-soluble compound, for example an aqueous solution of gadolinium chloride GdCl 3 , or an oil-soluble compound.
- Suitable oil miscible preparations include brine in oil emulsions and Gd tagged organic compounds which can also be oil-soluble.
- Brine in oil emulsions can be prepared using mineral oil, GdCl 3 brines, and a surfactant such as EMUL-HT.
- a suitable oil-soluble tracer has the general formula Gd(RCOO) 3 wherein R is typically CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 .
- An alternative version of the tracer includes six additional CH 2 groups.
- the general preparation scheme is as follows:
- X being chloride or acetate.
- the water and acid produced in the reaction by azeotroping with toluene serving to dissolve the tracer compound and make it oil-miscible.
- the reaction is preferably conducted at not more than 116° C. with an excess of organic reagent of about 10%.
- the resulting compound, after removal of water and acid, is dissolved in toluene to give a Gd content of about 15%. This can then be further diluted with heptane for use in the method as described herein.
- the tracer must be carried along at the same velocity as the phase of interest, which means that the tracer must mix preferentially with the phase of interest.
- gases this is not a problem, especially in stratified flows in horizontal wells, since ejected gas, such as BF 3 , will rise to the top of the liquid and mix with the flowing gas.
- the Gd For oil and water, the Gd must be prepared in an oil or water miscible form, respectively. In a horizontal well, the water miscible Gd preparation should be more dense than the oil phase, and the oil miscible Gd preparation should be less dense than the water phase. This will ensure that, irrespective of the phase into which the tracer is actually injected (i.e. surrounding the ejector section 18 at the time of injection), it will move under buoyant forces to the correct phase.
- the output of the detectors is monitored after the time that the tracer is ejected.
- the ⁇ ray count at the detectors 26 will be affected.
- the rate of decay of thermal neutrons will be increased while the tracer is in the region of the source. This rate of decay is detectable using the techniques utilized in thermal decay neutron logging of underground formations with pulsed neutron sources.
- FIG. 2 shows a time based plot of neutron decay (apparent borehole thermal neutron cross section) after ejection of the Gd tracer (also shown on the plot).
- the flow velocity is about 0.2-0.4 ft/sec.
- the neutron source is preferably operated so as to provide a series of neutron busts of about 20 ⁇ s separated by gaps of about 80 ⁇ s.
- the detectors can be gated over the 100 ⁇ s period to distinguish between the various origins of the ⁇ rays detected (inelastic scatter, capture etc.).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gd(X).sub.3 +RCOOH→Gd(RCOO).sub.3 +H.sub.2 O+HX
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/266,077 US5543617A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1994-06-27 | Method of measuring flow velocities using tracer techniques |
CA002152254A CA2152254C (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1995-06-20 | Method of measuring flow velocities using tracer techniques |
NO19952540A NO319017B1 (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1995-06-23 | Method and apparatus for determining dynamic flow characteristics using tracer techniques |
GB9513077A GB2291187A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1995-06-27 | Flow velocity measurement in a multi-phase fluid flow |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/266,077 US5543617A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1994-06-27 | Method of measuring flow velocities using tracer techniques |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5543617A true US5543617A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
Family
ID=23013075
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/266,077 Expired - Lifetime US5543617A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1994-06-27 | Method of measuring flow velocities using tracer techniques |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5543617A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2152254C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2291187A (en) |
NO (1) | NO319017B1 (en) |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5711900A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1998-01-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Gadolinium compounds for use as oil-soluble tracers |
US5880375A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-03-09 | Bielski; Roman | Apparatus and method for measuring multi-phase flow |
US6011263A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-01-04 | Bielski; Roman | Method and apparatus for measuring multi-phase flow |
US6125934A (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2000-10-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole tool and method for tracer injection |
US6433861B1 (en) * | 1998-07-04 | 2002-08-13 | Naegele Martin | Method and apparatus for a non-invasive measurement of the velocity of a gas or a fluid medium |
WO2004079161A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Method and apparatus for detecting while drilling underbalanced the presence and depth of water produced from the formation |
US20080232532A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-09-25 | Larsen Lewis G | Apparatus and Method for Generation of Ultra Low Momentum Neutrons |
US20110198488A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2011-08-18 | Chritian Stoller | Downhole neutron activation measurement |
US20110290011A1 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2011-12-01 | Najmud Dowla | Identification of casing collars while drilling and post drilling using lwd and wireline measurements |
CN103321636A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-09-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Non-radioactivity tracing flow well logging method and process based on pulse neutron technology |
CN103343684A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Complex tracer agent for oil field high-temperature hypersalinity block interwell monitoring and application thereof |
US20150315896A1 (en) * | 2013-01-02 | 2015-11-05 | Scale Protection As | Scale Indication Device and Method |
US20170254687A1 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2017-09-07 | Besst, Inc. | Flowmeter profiling system for use in groundwater production wells and boreholes |
CN108194076A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Bidirectional pulse neutron activated oxygen tool calibration means of interpretation, device and plate |
US10061055B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2018-08-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Absolute elemental concentrations from nuclear spectroscopy |
US10209109B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2019-02-19 | Juan Bautista Emanuel GIMENEZ | Nuclear flowmeter for measurements in multiphase flows |
US10215003B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2019-02-26 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Apparatus for carrying chemical tracers on downhole tubulars, wellscreens, and the like |
US20190170897A1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-06 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Non-Radioactive Tracers to Evaluate Fracturing Procedures |
US20190265369A1 (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2019-08-29 | The University Of Hull | Radioactivity detection |
CN113092812A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Flow velocity measuring device and measuring method and application thereof in parallel multi-channel |
US11326440B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2022-05-10 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Instrumented couplings |
US11384636B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2022-07-12 | Reservoir Metrics Ip Holdings, Llc | Method to determine tracer response from non-ideal chemical tracers |
Families Citing this family (2)
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US7654318B2 (en) | 2006-06-19 | 2010-02-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fluid diversion measurement methods and systems |
CN103195408B (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2016-05-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Oil/gas Well flow imaging measuring method |
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US4825072A (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1989-04-25 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining well fluid flow velocity using a nonradioactive tracer |
JPH06138135A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-20 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for measurement of concentration and flow velocity |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4166216A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1979-08-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and apparatus for determining dynamic flow characteristics of production fluids in a well bore |
-
1994
- 1994-06-27 US US08/266,077 patent/US5543617A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-06-20 CA CA002152254A patent/CA2152254C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-23 NO NO19952540A patent/NO319017B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-27 GB GB9513077A patent/GB2291187A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4825072A (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1989-04-25 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining well fluid flow velocity using a nonradioactive tracer |
JPH06138135A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-20 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for measurement of concentration and flow velocity |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6001280A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1999-12-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Oil-soluble tracer solutions containing gadolinium compounds |
US5711900A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1998-01-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Gadolinium compounds for use as oil-soluble tracers |
US6125934A (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2000-10-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole tool and method for tracer injection |
US5880375A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-03-09 | Bielski; Roman | Apparatus and method for measuring multi-phase flow |
US6011263A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-01-04 | Bielski; Roman | Method and apparatus for measuring multi-phase flow |
US6433861B1 (en) * | 1998-07-04 | 2002-08-13 | Naegele Martin | Method and apparatus for a non-invasive measurement of the velocity of a gas or a fluid medium |
US8143570B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2012-03-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting while drilling underbalanced the presence and depth of water produced from the formation |
WO2004079161A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Method and apparatus for detecting while drilling underbalanced the presence and depth of water produced from the formation |
US20060180754A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2006-08-17 | John Edwards | Method and apparatus for detecting while drilling underbalanced the presence and depth of water produced from the formation |
US7432499B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2008-10-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting while drilling underbalanced the presence and depth of water produced from the formation |
US20090139713A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2009-06-04 | John Edwards | Method and apparatus for detecting while drilling underbalanced the presence and depth of water produced from the formation |
US20080232532A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-09-25 | Larsen Lewis G | Apparatus and Method for Generation of Ultra Low Momentum Neutrons |
US10061055B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2018-08-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Absolute elemental concentrations from nuclear spectroscopy |
US20110198488A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2011-08-18 | Chritian Stoller | Downhole neutron activation measurement |
US8969793B2 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2015-03-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole neutron activation measurement |
US20150168592A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2015-06-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole Neutron Activation Measurement |
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NO952540D0 (en) | 1995-06-23 |
GB2291187A (en) | 1996-01-17 |
NO319017B1 (en) | 2005-06-06 |
CA2152254C (en) | 2005-07-26 |
CA2152254A1 (en) | 1995-12-28 |
GB9513077D0 (en) | 1995-08-30 |
NO952540L (en) | 1995-12-28 |
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