US5061809A - 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides - Google Patents
9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides Download PDFInfo
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- US5061809A US5061809A US07/633,929 US63392990A US5061809A US 5061809 A US5061809 A US 5061809A US 63392990 A US63392990 A US 63392990A US 5061809 A US5061809 A US 5061809A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 isobutenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- IXLCLXDFIPWZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[9-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]phthalic acid Chemical class C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=C(C(C(O)=O)=CC=2)C(O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 IXLCLXDFIPWZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CWJAGOKWALHKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)fluorene Chemical class C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 CWJAGOKWALHKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000006159 dianhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- FMACFWAQBPYRFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[9-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)fluoren-9-yl]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 FMACFWAQBPYRFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004018 acid anhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
Definitions
- the present invention relates to 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-fluorene dianhydrides which demonstrate utility as intermediates in the preparation of polyimide polymers which can be fabricated into semi-permeable membranes for separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components.
- Dianhydrides find use as intermediates in the preparation of polymeric materials used in a multitude of applications. Considerable attention has been focused recently on the preparation of various polymers such as polyimides and polyamides which can be fabricated into selectively permeable membranes for use in separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components. These polymers are typically prepared by polycondensation of a dianhydride and the corresponding phenylenediamine.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,822,202 and 3,899,309 disclose various polyimides, polyesters and polyamides which are fabricated into semi-permeable membranes for separating various fluids into their respective components.
- the repeating units of the main polymer chain comprising these polymers have at least one rigid divalent subunit, the two main chain single bonds extending therefrom which are not colinear wherein at least one of the subunits is sterically unable to rotate 360° around such bond.
- the repeating units also have 50 percent or more of its main chain atoms as members of aromatic rings.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,540 discloses highly permeable aromatic polyimide gas separation membranes formed from an aromatic polyimide in which the phenylenediamine groups are rigid and are substituted on essentially all of the positions ortho to the amine functionality and the acid anhydride groups are essentially all attached to rigid aromatic moieties.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,717,393 and 4,717,394 disclose polymeric membranes for separating components of a gaseous mixture wherein the membranes are semi-flexible, aromatic polyimides prepared by polycondensation of dianhydrides with phenylenediamines having alkyl substituents on all positions ortho to the amine functionality, or with mixtures of other non-alkylated diamines, some which possess substituents on all positions ortho to the amine functionality.
- the membranes formed from this class of polyimides are stated to exhibit improved environmental stability and gas permeability.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,400 discloses gas separation membranes formed from aromatic polyimides based upon biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride for separating various gas mixtures.
- the present invention comprises novel compositions of matter, namely, 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R 1 through R 4 , inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R 1 and R 1 , R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 or R 3 and R 4 may together from part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
- the subject dianhydrides of the present invention can be reacted with various aromatic diamines to form polymers for use in fabricating membranes which exhibit high gas perm-selectivity and are useful in gas separation applications, especially in the separation of oxygen and nitrogen from air.
- the present invention relates to novel compositions of matter, namely, 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein R 1 through R 4 , inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R 1 and R 1 , R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 or R 3 and R 4 may together from part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
- cyclohydrocarbyl ring such term shall be interpreted as referring to a polycyclic structure resulting from the cyclization of adjacent R groups according to formula I, more particularly, R 1 and R 1 , R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , or R 3 and R 4 .
- R 1 through R 4 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen atoms.
- Suitable alkyl groups are linear and branched alkyls having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms with the preferred alkyl groups being selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl.
- Suitable alkenyl groups are linear and branched alkenyl groups having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms with the preferred alkenyl groups being selected from ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl or isobutenyl.
- Suitable alkoxy groups are linear and branched alkoxy groups having from 1 to about B carbon atoms with the preferred alkoxy groups being selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy or tert-butoxy.
- the 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides of the present invention demonstrate utility as intermediates in the preparation of polyimide polymers which can be fabricated into semi-permeable membranes for separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components. More particularly, polymers formed from the polycondensation of the dianhydrides of the present invention and various aromatic diamines can be fabricated into membranes which demonstrate superior results in the recovery of oxygen from an O 2 /N 2 stream or from air.
- dianhydrides of the present invention are made in accordance with the following three step procedure: ##STR4##
- Step 1- reaction of the desired 9-fluorenone derivative with ortho-xylene to form the corresponding 9,9-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-fluorene derivative (II).
- Formation of the desired 9,9-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-fluorene derivative (II) according to Step 1 is effected by reacting the desired 9-fluorenone derivative with ortho-xylene which also serves as the reaction solvent.
- ortho-dialkylbenzenes can be utilized in the present invention (i.e., ortho-diethylbenzene, ortho-dipropylbenzene and the like) whereby the reaction mechanism allows for formation of the product according to formula I.
- a reaction co-solvent may be utilized, although its use is not preferred. When such a co-solvent is utilized, care must be taken to avoid selecting a co-solvent which is capable of reacting with the fluorenones of the present invention.
- reaction according to step 1 is conducted under inert atmosphere (nitrogen, argon and the like) so as to avoid introduction of water into the reaction vessel.
- Typical reaction temperatures range from about 100° C. to the boiling point of the reactant/solvent with pressures ranging from atmospheric to about 10 atmospheres.
- reaction temperatures will be somewhat lower when R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4 is an alkoxy group as compared to the reaction wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4 is a cyano group.
- any suitable oxidizing agent known in the art can be utilized to effect oxidation of the 9,9-bis-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)fluorene derivative to the corresponding 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene derivative (III).
- Suitable reagents include Co(OAc) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, Mn(OAc) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O and NaBr.
- Reaction solvents can be selected from any simple alkyl organic acid such as butyric acid. pentanoic acid and the like with propionic acid being preferred due to the desirability of its boiling point. Typical reaction temperatures range from 100° C. to the boiling point of the reaction solvent.
- the resultant product is preferably purified by methods known in the art prior to conducting step 3 of the synthesis.
- the product can be recrystallized from acetic acid to provide a white solid.
- the reaction mixture can be added slowly to cold water to precipitate the diacid product.
- a three-liter round bottom indented flask fitted with a reflux condenser, nitrogen inlet and two-blade mechanical stirring paddle was filled with toluene (1000 ml), 9-fluorenone (143g, 796 mmol), phosphorous pentoxide (250g, 1760 mmol) and polyphosphoric acid (1000 g) and warmed to 115°-120° C. for 50 h.
- the warm reaction mixture was slowly poured into 4 liters of crushed ice and allowed to warm to 20° C. The aqueous and organic layers were separated.
- the toluene layer was washed with water (200 ml) until neutral (approx.
- the crude reaction mixture of 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene (2) was heated to 150°+/- 5° C. at 0.5 +/- 0.5 torr for 1 day. Infrared analysis of the crude reaction product was consistent with the dianhydride structure. The crude material was multiply recrystallized from toluene to afford a white powder, mp 267°-69° C. IR (KBr) 3060w, 1890s, 1775s,1615w. 1445w, 1255s, 1108w, 895m, 733m, 688m +/- 5 cm -1 .
- the present invention provides a novel class of aromatic dianhydrides which can be incorporated into polymers for use a broad range of applications including, but not limited to, the separation of gaseous mixtures into their respective components.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to compositions of matter corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R1 and R1, R1 and R2, R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 may together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring. The subject 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides demonstrate utility as reactants in the preparation of polyimides used in the fabrication of membranes for separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components.
Description
This application is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 529,078, filed on May 25, 1990, the specification which is incorporated by reference and made a part of this application now U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,679.
The present invention relates to 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-fluorene dianhydrides which demonstrate utility as intermediates in the preparation of polyimide polymers which can be fabricated into semi-permeable membranes for separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components.
Dianhydrides find use as intermediates in the preparation of polymeric materials used in a multitude of applications. Considerable attention has been focused recently on the preparation of various polymers such as polyimides and polyamides which can be fabricated into selectively permeable membranes for use in separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components. These polymers are typically prepared by polycondensation of a dianhydride and the corresponding phenylenediamine.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,822,202 and 3,899,309 (reissued as Re. 30,351), disclose various polyimides, polyesters and polyamides which are fabricated into semi-permeable membranes for separating various fluids into their respective components. The repeating units of the main polymer chain comprising these polymers have at least one rigid divalent subunit, the two main chain single bonds extending therefrom which are not colinear wherein at least one of the subunits is sterically unable to rotate 360° around such bond. The repeating units also have 50 percent or more of its main chain atoms as members of aromatic rings.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,540 discloses highly permeable aromatic polyimide gas separation membranes formed from an aromatic polyimide in which the phenylenediamine groups are rigid and are substituted on essentially all of the positions ortho to the amine functionality and the acid anhydride groups are essentially all attached to rigid aromatic moieties.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,717,393 and 4,717,394 disclose polymeric membranes for separating components of a gaseous mixture wherein the membranes are semi-flexible, aromatic polyimides prepared by polycondensation of dianhydrides with phenylenediamines having alkyl substituents on all positions ortho to the amine functionality, or with mixtures of other non-alkylated diamines, some which possess substituents on all positions ortho to the amine functionality. The membranes formed from this class of polyimides are stated to exhibit improved environmental stability and gas permeability.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,400 discloses gas separation membranes formed from aromatic polyimides based upon biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride for separating various gas mixtures.
A need in the art exists for novel dianhydrides which can be incorporated into polymers for use in applications including, but not limited to, the separation of gaseous mixtures into their respective components.
The present invention comprises novel compositions of matter, namely, 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R1 and R1, R1 and R2, R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 may together from part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
The subject dianhydrides of the present invention can be reacted with various aromatic diamines to form polymers for use in fabricating membranes which exhibit high gas perm-selectivity and are useful in gas separation applications, especially in the separation of oxygen and nitrogen from air.
The present invention relates to novel compositions of matter, namely, 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R1 and R1, R1 and R2, R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 may together from part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
When reference is made to the term, cyclohydrocarbyl ring, such term shall be interpreted as referring to a polycyclic structure resulting from the cyclization of adjacent R groups according to formula I, more particularly, R1 and R1, R1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R3 and R4.
Preferably, R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Most preferred is the structure according to formula I wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms.
As illustrated in formula I, a broad range of structures are disclosed wherein such compounds are made available via the preparative route disclosed in the present application. Suitable alkyl groups are linear and branched alkyls having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms with the preferred alkyl groups being selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl.
Suitable alkenyl groups are linear and branched alkenyl groups having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms with the preferred alkenyl groups being selected from ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl or isobutenyl.
Suitable alkoxy groups are linear and branched alkoxy groups having from 1 to about B carbon atoms with the preferred alkoxy groups being selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy or tert-butoxy.
The 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides of the present invention demonstrate utility as intermediates in the preparation of polyimide polymers which can be fabricated into semi-permeable membranes for separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components. More particularly, polymers formed from the polycondensation of the dianhydrides of the present invention and various aromatic diamines can be fabricated into membranes which demonstrate superior results in the recovery of oxygen from an O2 /N2 stream or from air.
The structure of the aromatic diamines suitable for reaction with the subject dianhydrides of this invention and methods for making such membranes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. Ser. No. 529.078, filed on May 25, 1990, the specification which is incorporated by reference and made a part of this application.
The dianhydrides of the present invention are made in accordance with the following three step procedure: ##STR4##
Step 1--reaction of the desired 9-fluorenone derivative with ortho-xylene to form the corresponding 9,9-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-fluorene derivative (II).
Step 2--oxidation of the 9,9-bis-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)fluorene derivative to the corresponding 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene derivative (III) and
Step 3--cyclization of the 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene derivative to the desired 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride (IV). Formation of the desired 9,9-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-fluorene derivative (II) according to Step 1 is effected by reacting the desired 9-fluorenone derivative with ortho-xylene which also serves as the reaction solvent. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various alternate ortho-dialkylbenzenes can be utilized in the present invention (i.e., ortho-diethylbenzene, ortho-dipropylbenzene and the like) whereby the reaction mechanism allows for formation of the product according to formula I. A reaction co-solvent may be utilized, although its use is not preferred. When such a co-solvent is utilized, care must be taken to avoid selecting a co-solvent which is capable of reacting with the fluorenones of the present invention.
The reaction according to step 1 is conducted under inert atmosphere (nitrogen, argon and the like) so as to avoid introduction of water into the reaction vessel. Typical reaction temperatures range from about 100° C. to the boiling point of the reactant/solvent with pressures ranging from atmospheric to about 10 atmospheres. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reaction temperatures will be somewhat lower when R1, R2, R3 or R4 is an alkoxy group as compared to the reaction wherein R1, R2, R3 or R4 is a cyano group.
Referring to step 2 of the reaction scheme, any suitable oxidizing agent known in the art can be utilized to effect oxidation of the 9,9-bis-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)fluorene derivative to the corresponding 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene derivative (III). Suitable reagents include Co(OAc)2 ·4H2 O, Mn(OAc)2 ·4H2 O and NaBr. Reaction solvents can be selected from any simple alkyl organic acid such as butyric acid. pentanoic acid and the like with propionic acid being preferred due to the desirability of its boiling point. Typical reaction temperatures range from 100° C. to the boiling point of the reaction solvent. The resultant product is preferably purified by methods known in the art prior to conducting step 3 of the synthesis. For example, the product can be recrystallized from acetic acid to provide a white solid. Alternately, the reaction mixture can be added slowly to cold water to precipitate the diacid product.
The final step of the synthesis (step 3) comprises the cyclization of the 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene derivative (III) to the desired 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride (IV). This step is readily achieved by merely heating the reaction mixture to a temperature ranging from about 120° C. to a temperature just below the melting point of the product for a period sufficient to effect the cyclization.
The following examples are provided to demonstrate the preparation of the aromatic dianhydrides of the present invention. The examples are illustrative and are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the claimed invention.
A three liter round-bottom flask fitted with a reflux condenser and a nitrogen gas inlet was charged with 9-fluorenone (36.6g, 201 mmol) and excess ortho-xylene (710 ml) and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (30.0 g, 201 mmol) was slowly added to the solution causing the solution to turn brown/black. The reaction mixture was warmed to 120°+/- 2° C. for 2 days. A small sample of the reaction mixture (0.5 mol) was removed, neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and the organic layer was spotted on a silica TLC plate and eluted with hexanes.
Chromatographic results demonstrated complete conversion of the starting materials and the development of a new single fluorescing spot. The entire reaction mixture was neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, diluted with ethyl acetate (730 ml) decolorized with activated carbon, dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated to a pale yellow powder. The product was triturated with ethanol and ethyl acetate to afford 50g (66%) of crude beige product, mp 168°-70° C., which was sufficiently pure for the next step. IR (KBr) 3065w, 3042w, 3020w, 2970w, 2960s, 2945w, 2880vw, 1610vw, 1502m, 1475w, 1448s, 1384w, 1022w, 827w, 812w, 742+/- 2 cm-1.
A three-liter round bottom indented flask fitted with a reflux condenser, nitrogen inlet and two-blade mechanical stirring paddle was filled with toluene (1000 ml), 9-fluorenone (143g, 796 mmol), phosphorous pentoxide (250g, 1760 mmol) and polyphosphoric acid (1000 g) and warmed to 115°-120° C. for 50 h. The warm reaction mixture was slowly poured into 4 liters of crushed ice and allowed to warm to 20° C. The aqueous and organic layers were separated. The toluene layer was washed with water (200 ml) until neutral (approx. four times) dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to a viscous liquid which was dissolved in warm glacial acetic acid, decolorized with activated carbon powder and recrystallized to give about 165 g (60%) of white product, mp. 170° C., which was sufficiently pure for the next step.
To a 500 ml round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser and a nitrogen gas inlet, was added 9,9-bis-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)fluorene (1) (20.1 g, 53.7 mmol), Co(OAc)2 ·4H2 O (1.07g. 4.29 mmol), Mn(OAc)2 ·4H2 O (1.05g. 4.29 mmol). Na (536 mg, 5.20 mmol) and propionic acid (200 ml). Air was bubbled into the slurry at a rate of 0.2-0.5 L/min. The mix was stirred vigorously and warmed to 132°+/- 2° C. for 2 days. TLC analysis of a small sample of the reaction mixture after neutralization and dilution with ethyl acetate showed the absence of starting material. Propionic acid was removed from the mixture at reduced pressure leaving a blue/white solid crude product in the flask which was sufficiently pure for the next synthetic step.
The crude reaction mixture of 9,9-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene (2) was heated to 150°+/- 5° C. at 0.5 +/- 0.5 torr for 1 day. Infrared analysis of the crude reaction product was consistent with the dianhydride structure. The crude material was multiply recrystallized from toluene to afford a white powder, mp 267°-69° C. IR (KBr) 3060w, 1890s, 1775s,1615w. 1445w, 1255s, 1108w, 895m, 733m, 688m +/- 5 cm-1.
The present invention provides a novel class of aromatic dianhydrides which can be incorporated into polymers for use a broad range of applications including, but not limited to, the separation of gaseous mixtures into their respective components.
Having thus described the present invention, what is now deemed appropriate for Letters Patent is set out in the following appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. A composition of matter having the structural formula: ##STR5## wherein R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R1 and R1, R1 and R2, R2 and R3 and R3 and R4 may together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
2. The composition of matter according to claim 1 wherein the alkyl group is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl.
3. The composition of matter according to claim 1 wherein the alkenyl group is selected from ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl or isobutenyl.
4. The composition of matter according to claim 1 wherein the alkoxy group is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy or tert-butoxy.
5. A composition of matter having the structural formula: ##STR6## wherein R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms or R1 and R1, R1 and R2, R2 and R3 and R3 and R4 may together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
6. The composition of matter according to claim 5 wherein the alkyl group is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
7. The composition of matter according to claim 5 wherein the alkenyl group is selected from ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl and isobutenyl.
8. The composition of matter according to claim 5 wherein the alkoxy group is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy.
9. The composition of matter according to claim 6 wherein R1 and R1 together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
10. The composition of matter according to claim 6 wherein R1 and R2 together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
11. The composition of matter according to claim 6 wherein R2 and R3 together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
12. The composition of matter according to claim 6 wherein R3 and R4 together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring.
13. A composition of matter having the structural formula: ##STR7## wherein R1 through R4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms.
14. The composition of matter according to claim 13 wherein the alkyl group is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
15. The composition of matter according to claim 13 wherein the alkenyl group is selected from ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl and isobutenyl.
16. The composition of matter according to claim 13 wherein the alkoxy group is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy.
17. The composition of matter according to claim 13 wherein R1 through R4 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms.
18. The composition of matter according to claim 17 wherein the linear or branched alkyl is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
19. A composition of matter represented by the formula: ##STR8##
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JP2004137262A (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-05-13 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Fluorene derivative and optically active compound |
JP2006219397A (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2006-08-24 | Jfe Chemical Corp | Method for producing 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride |
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