US474807A - Continuous kiln - Google Patents

Continuous kiln Download PDF

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US474807A
US474807A US474807DA US474807A US 474807 A US474807 A US 474807A US 474807D A US474807D A US 474807DA US 474807 A US474807 A US 474807A
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kiln
feed
vertical
chutes
downdraft
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21B—BAKERS' OVENS; MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR BAKING
    • A21B1/00—Bakers' ovens
    • A21B1/40—Bakers' ovens characterised by the means for regulating the temperature

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  • This invention relates particularly to continuous brick-kilns; and it has for its object to provide a kiln of this character in which each arched compartment is not only provided with the usual downdraft-iiues, but also with a series of updraft-tlues, which tlues communicate directly with the chimney and independent of each other, thereby dispensing with the expensive structure of a smoke-chamber.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a novel form of covering for the feedpipes, whereby they are rendered air-tight; and it is also the object of my invention to provide a portable air-conductor which is adapted to connect the feed-pipes with the main updraft-flue.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of damper for the downdraft-tlue and means for operating the same, and a still further object is to provide a kiln that shall be comparativelysimple and cheap in construction and thoroughly efficient in operation.
  • Figure l is ahorizontal section taken above the foundation and showing a continuous kiln embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the plane of the line2 2 of Fig. l.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. l.
  • Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken on the plane of the line 4 4
  • Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 and taken on the plane of line 5
  • Fig. 6 is a section taken on plane of line 6
  • Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view of the improved feedpipe and cover.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the plane of the line2 2 of Fig. l.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. l.
  • Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken on the plane of the
  • Fig. 8 is a transverse section in detail of a part of the kiln, showing the updraft-flues, dac.
  • Fig. 9 is a side view of the air-conductor.
  • Fig. lO is a bottom View of the same, and
  • Fig. 1l is a transverse section of the same.
  • Fig. l2 is a detail view of the damper and regulating mechanism.
  • Fig. 13 is a top plan View of the same.
  • my kiln essentiallyelliptical in shape consisting of an elliptical outer wall A, an inner wall A', and an arched roof A2, thus producing a continuous arched chamber B.
  • the outer wall A is made much thicker than the inner wall and is provided with any suitable number of doors.
  • I have shown sixteen doors, thus dividing the continuous chamber B into sixteen sub-chambers, numbered 1 to 16, inclusive.
  • Main or horizontal downdraft-flues D are arranged in the wall A, near the top of the same, said flues D being arranged onopposite sides of the axial line of the kiln and eX- tending from end to end ot' the kiln..
  • Near one end of the kiln are arranged two vertical downdraft lues D', with which the main draft-[lues communicate, the downdraft-iiues thus being kept independent of each other.
  • the vertical lines D each communicate with the horizont-al fines D2, which in turn communicate with the chimney E.
  • Each vertical flue D extends also above the main downdraft-flue D, and has an opening in the top of the wall A, which opening is normally closed by a manhole-cover CZ.
  • each fiue D Just below the j unctures of the tlues D and D is arranged in each fiue D (except those which communicate with iiue D2) a pipe F, having an annular ange f, upon which it rests within the Hue. The upper edges of this pipe are cut away, as at f', thus forming a seat adapted to receive the convex damper G, said damper having a vertical operatingrod g attached thereto,which extends through the cover d', whereby the damper can be raised or lowered at will.
  • Each arched compartment is constructed with a number of flues or feedchutes I-I in the roof of the same, and in the drawings I have shown each compartment provided with twenty such iiues or chutes ar- IOO ranged in five rows of four chutes each.
  • a feed-pipe K At the top of each flue or chute H is arranged a feed-pipe K, said pipe being provided with an annular grooved collar K upon its exterior and upon which the piperests on the top of roof to support itself in the feed-chutes.
  • the annular grooved collar is also adapted to receive a suitable sealing medium-such as sandy-so that when the cap K2 of the feed-pipeis placed over the same and rests in and upon the collar K the feed-pipe will be sealed completely.
  • the main updraft-ilue L Near the 'top of the inner wall A is constructed the main updraft-ilue L, said Hue extending from end to end of the Wall, and near the end adjacent to the chimney communicates with a vertical flue L', which in turn communicates with a horizontal iiue L2, leading also to the chimney, but independent of the ilne D2.
  • ⁇ Openings m are made in the top of the main upd raft-flue L, said openings "being arranged in alignment with the rows of feed-holes,and in each opening is arranged a pipe similar to the feed-pipes K.
  • v ular intervals fuel is fed to the chutes of compartments 15 and 16, which are under full fire, and all the compartments back of l5 are cooling, and those in front of lf3-that is, 1 2 3, dac., are heating and water-smoking.
  • the firing is advanced one row and one row is dropped from the rear, thus advancing intwenty-four hours one whole compartment, and by this time compartment 1 will be infull fire.
  • Each time that the firing isv advanced one row'the air-conductor M is also advanced one row, and it will of course be understood that as soon as the 'conductorl is removed the feed-pipes are again sealed and remain so.
  • the cold air, entering compartments 8, 9, and 10 cools the bricks of 11 and 12, &C.,'and by this time has become heated and rushes into the compartments 15 and 16, and then into 1, where it heats the bricks before fuel isapplied to said compartment.
  • the heated air then goes on through the compartments 2 3, 8vo., drying and water-smoking, and passing out through the downdrafts of 6 and updrafts of 7 into the chimney.
  • the combination with a burning-'chamber provided with vertical downdraft-flues, vertical updraft-lues, and with a chimney, of main horizontal downdraftlues and a mainhorizontal updraft-iiue, said horizontal flues each having independent communication with the chimney, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
  • the combination with a chamber provided with combined feed-chutes and updraft-iues arranged in rows and provided at their exterior ends with a projecting annular ange adapted to be normally inclosed by sealing-caps, and a horizontal updraft iiue communicating with the chimney and provided with flanged openings in alignment with the rows of feed-chutes and normally closed by caps, of a portable conductor provided at its lower side with pipes coinciding with and adapted to receive the anges of the feed-chutes and the flange of the respective opening in the updraftiiue,substan tially as set forth.

Description

} (No Mme) 6 sheets-sheet '1.
A. T. BOE-ENCRE.
CONTINUOUS KILN. I
No. 474,807.- Patented May 17, 1892.v
mi omi nuns 6o., mm-mue., wmunafonnu. c.
(No Model.)
6 Sheets- Sheet 2.. M.'A. T. BOBHNGKE.
GoNTINUoUs KILN. No. 474,807.
Pateted May'` 17, 1892.
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........................... ..l,.....:! l-.. .1.. 1.... wmvvvnfwwwwwvwl l l l l r (No Model.) l 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.
M. A.T. BOEHNGKE.
CONTINUOUS KILN.
No. 474,807. Patented May 17, 1892'.
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ma vnew: rusas ca, ummm.. wmvcfoufpi c.
(Np Model.) 1 I GSheets-Sheet 4. M. A, T. BOEHNCKE.
CONTINUOUS. NIL N.
No. 474,807. Patented May 17, 1892.
lfqwcneooeo i 51A/ventot- CONTINUOUS KLN.
Patented May 17, 1892.
S14/Danton (No Mader.)l
M.VA. T. BOEHNCKB- CONTINUOUS KILN.
*TE/1E d 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.
Patented May 17, 1892.
witnesses 51A/mambo@ i UNITED STATES PATENT l EEICE.
MAX A. TH. BOEIINCKE, OF CENTINELA, CALIFOItNIA.
CONTINUOUS KILN.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.` 474,807, dated May 17, 1892.
Application filed July 1l, 1891. Serial No. 399,224. (No model.)
To all whom t may concern:
-Be it known that I, MAX A. TH. BoEHNcKE, acitizen of the United States, residing at Oentinela, in the countyof Los Angeles and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Continuous Brick- Kilns, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates particularly to continuous brick-kilns; and it has for its object to provide a kiln of this character in which each arched compartment is not only provided with the usual downdraft-iiues, but also with a series of updraft-tlues, which tlues communicate directly with the chimney and independent of each other, thereby dispensing with the expensive structure of a smoke-chamber.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel form of covering for the feedpipes, whereby they are rendered air-tight; and it is also the object of my invention to provide a portable air-conductor which is adapted to connect the feed-pipes with the main updraft-flue.
A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of damper for the downdraft-tlue and means for operating the same, and a still further object is to provide a kiln that shall be comparativelysimple and cheap in construction and thoroughly efficient in operation. Y
With these various Objects in View my invention consists in the peculiar construction of the various parts and their novel combination or arrangement, all of which will be more fully hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings forming a part of this speciiication, Figure l is ahorizontal section taken above the foundation and showing a continuous kiln embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the plane of the line2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken on the plane of the line 4 4, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 and taken on the plane of line 5 5, Fig. l. Fig. 6 is a section taken on plane of line 6 6, Fig. l. Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view of the improved feedpipe and cover. Fig. 8 is a transverse section in detail of a part of the kiln, showing the updraft-flues, dac. Fig. 9 is a side view of the air-conductor. Fig. lO is a bottom View of the same, and Fig. 1l is a transverse section of the same. Fig. l2 is a detail view of the damper and regulating mechanism. Fig. 13 is a top plan View of the same.
In carrying out my invention I construct my kiln essentiallyelliptical in shape, consisting of an elliptical outer wall A, an inner wall A', and an arched roof A2, thus producing a continuous arched chamber B. The outer wall A is made much thicker than the inner wall and is provided with any suitable number of doors. In the drawings I have shown sixteen doors, thus dividing the continuous chamber B into sixteen sub-chambers, numbered 1 to 16, inclusive.
Main or horizontal downdraft-flues D are arranged in the wall A, near the top of the same, said flues D being arranged onopposite sides of the axial line of the kiln and eX- tending from end to end ot' the kiln.. Near one end of the kiln are arranged two vertical downdraft lues D', with which the main draft-[lues communicate, the downdraft-iiues thus being kept independent of each other. The vertical lines D each communicate with the horizont-al fines D2, which in turn communicate with the chimney E. Vertical downdraft-tlues D are also arranged in the wall A of each compartment, and said tlues communicate with their respective compartments through the fine or passage d. Each vertical flue D extends also above the main downdraft-flue D, and has an opening in the top of the wall A, which opening is normally closed by a manhole-cover CZ.
Just below the j unctures of the tlues D and D is arranged in each fiue D (except those which communicate with iiue D2) a pipe F, having an annular ange f, upon which it rests within the Hue. The upper edges of this pipe are cut away, as at f', thus forming a seat adapted to receive the convex damper G, said damper having a vertical operatingrod g attached thereto,which extends through the cover d', whereby the damper can be raised or lowered at will. Each arched compartment is constructed with a number of flues or feedchutes I-I in the roof of the same, and in the drawings I have shown each compartment provided with twenty such iiues or chutes ar- IOO ranged in five rows of four chutes each. At the top of each flue or chute H is arranged a feed-pipe K, said pipe being provided with an annular grooved collar K upon its exterior and upon which the piperests on the top of roof to support itself in the feed-chutes. The annular grooved collar is also adapted to receive a suitable sealing medium-such as sandy-so that when the cap K2 of the feed-pipeis placed over the same and rests in and upon the collar K the feed-pipe will be sealed completely.
Near the 'top of the inner wall A is constructed the main updraft-ilue L, said Hue extending from end to end of the Wall, and near the end adjacent to the chimney communicates with a vertical flue L', which in turn communicates with a horizontal iiue L2, leading also to the chimney, but independent of the ilne D2. `Openings m are made in the top of the main upd raft-flue L, said openings "being arranged in alignment with the rows of feed-holes,and in each opening is arranged a pipe similar to the feed-pipes K. Theobject of the iiue Lis to lcreate an upward draft' through the lfeed-chutes when no fuel is being -fed lto the same, and this is done by conf n'ecting the said feed-chutes and updraf-t-f` iiue L. This is done by means of air-com' ductor M, essentially tubular in form, closed I, at each end and provided at its botto-m with i a series of openings having pipes m arranged therein, which pipes are adapted to -fit 'overf' the ends of the feed-pipes -in the same manner as the ycover or caps K2. struction the current yor draft may pass up By this conthe feed-chutes through the air-conductor;y
yintothe main -updraIft-iiue and out into the air.
I will now suppose the kiln to be in operation and all the doors temporarily walled up, except those of compartments S, 9, and 10.
v ular intervals fuel is fed to the chutes of compartments 15 and 16, which are under full fire, and all the compartments back of l5 are cooling, and those in front of lf3-that is, 1 2 3, dac., are heating and water-smoking. At intervals of several hours, according to the size of the kiln, the firing is advanced one row and one row is dropped from the rear, thus advancing intwenty-four hours one whole compartment, and by this time compartment 1 will be infull fire. Each time that the firing isv advanced one row'the air-conductor M is also advanced one row, and it will of course be understood that as soon as the 'conductorl is removed the feed-pipes are again sealed and remain so. WVhen compartment Sis filled with green brick, a paper partition is placed between it and compartment 9, and the partition between compartments 7 and 8 removed by means of strings arranged for that purpose. The downdraft-flue of compartment 6 is now closed and the damper of 7 opened, and the air-con ductor has already been moved as the tiring advanced from compartment 7 to 8. By advancing the air-conductor with the firing when a new compartment is taken the upper part of the previous one will be gradually and entirely water-smoked, and the lower part will be water-smoked through the downdraft-flues. Thus the work goes on from day to day-some compartments burning, some cooling, others'being refilled, while others still are being unloaded. The cold air, entering compartments 8, 9, and 10, cools the bricks of 11 and 12, &C.,'and by this time has become heated and rushes into the compartments 15 and 16, and then into 1, where it heats the bricks before fuel isapplied to said compartment. The heated air then goes on through the compartments 2 3, 8vo., drying and water-smoking, and passing out through the downdrafts of 6 and updrafts of 7 into the chimney.
Having thus 'd escribecl .my inventiomwhat I claim as new, and desire to secure, is
l. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a ycontinuous chamber divided into a series of sub-chambers, of horizontal 'downdraft-flues 3 having communication with the chimney, vertical downdraft-flues communicating with the respective sub-chambers and with the exterior of the kiln, the exterior openings being normally closed, said vertical fines intersecting the horizontal flues, and dampers adapted to interrupt communication between the *individual vertical fines, substantiallyas set forth.
2. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a burning-'chamber provided with vertical downdraft-flues, vertical updraft-lues, and with a chimney, of main horizontal downdraftlues and a mainhorizontal updraft-iiue, said horizontal flues each having independent communication with the chimney, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a chamber provided with combined feed-chutes and updraft-iues arranged in rows and provided at their exterior ends with a projecting annular ange adapted to be normally inclosed by sealing-caps, and a horizontal updraft iiue communicating with the chimney and provided with flanged openings in alignment with the rows of feed-chutes and normally closed by caps, of a portable conductor provided at its lower side with pipes coinciding with and adapted to receive the anges of the feed-chutes and the flange of the respective opening in the updraftiiue,substan tially as set forth.
4. In a brick-kiln, the combi-nation, with a chamber provided with combined feed-chutes Ico IIO
474,s07 f e and npdraft-lues arranged in rows and provided at their exterior openings with an annular iiange surrounded by a recess adapted for the reception of a sealing medium, said openings being provided with caps normally inclosin g the flanges, and a horizontal updraftflue communicating with the chimney and pro-` vided with flanged openings in align ment with the feed-chutes and having a recess surrounding the flange and adapted for the reception of a sealing medium, said flangesbeing normally inclosed by sealingecaps, of a portable conductor closed upon all sides and provided at its under side with pipes coinciding with the feed-chute and respective horizontal flueopenings and adapted to be seated in the recesses surrounding said openings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a continuons chamber divided into a series of sub -chambers, main horizontal downdraftiiues, and a main horizontal npdraft-iiue, all
of said lines having independent communication with a chimney, of vertical downdraftfines extending from the exterior of the kiln to the bottom of each sub-chamber and having its exterior end normally closed, said vertical iiues intersecting the main downdraftflue and being provided with a damper adapted to interrupt communication with the latter, vertical updraft-ues arranged in rows in the top of each sub-chamber and in alignment with openings in the main updraft-flne, said tlues `being normally closed, and a portable conductor Ifor connecting the vertical updraftiiues with the respective opening in the main npdraft-'flne, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In testimony whereof I alix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
MAX A. TH. BOEHNCKE. Witnesses:
CHARLES ELLERY, ALFRED Encre
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