US4180632A - Polyaminoesters and foams made therefrom - Google Patents

Polyaminoesters and foams made therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
US4180632A
US4180632A US05/855,102 US85510277A US4180632A US 4180632 A US4180632 A US 4180632A US 85510277 A US85510277 A US 85510277A US 4180632 A US4180632 A US 4180632A
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amine
mold
acrylate
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parts
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Casmir S. Ilenda
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Rohm and Haas Co
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Rohm and Haas Co
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Priority to US05/855,102 priority Critical patent/US4180632A/en
Priority to GB21376/78A priority patent/GB1598988A/en
Priority to CA313,150A priority patent/CA1105196A/en
Priority to NZ188954A priority patent/NZ188954A/en
Priority to JP14493478A priority patent/JPS5483055A/en
Priority to EP78101439A priority patent/EP0002457B1/en
Priority to DE7878101439T priority patent/DE2861295D1/en
Priority to IT30176/78A priority patent/IT1100593B/en
Priority to AT0840778A priority patent/ATA840778A/en
Priority to AU41965/78A priority patent/AU523712B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F120/10—Esters
    • C08F120/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/02—Polyamines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high performance thermoset plastics and processes for production thereof.
  • thermoset plastic More particularly, it relates to a novel composition suitable for rapid production of molded plastic articles via the reaction injection molding (“RIM”) or liquid injection molding (“LIM”) processes wherein a liquid reaction mixture is introduced into a mold, especially a closed injection mold, and is rapidly polymerized to a rigid thermoset plastic.
  • RIM reaction injection molding
  • LIM liquid injection molding
  • Another object is to provide a rapid process for molding such compositions.
  • a still further object is to provide novel thermoset polymers with an exceptional balance of properties.
  • An additional object is to provide articles molded from the novel compositions via the novel processes.
  • the present invention comprises a mixture of acrylate monomer having an average acrylate functionality of at least 2.5 and aliphatic amine having an average amine hydrogen functionality of at least 3; processes of preparing rigid thermoset polymers comprising introducing said mixture in a mold and allowing it to react; the resultant solid polyaminoester polymers; and articles prepared by the processes.
  • the acrylate monomer and aliphatic amine react rapidly via a Michael-type reaction, either primarily or exclusively, to a final rigid thermoset polymer product having a high softening temperature.
  • the acrylate monomer or mixture of acrylate monomers used are those having an average acrylate functionality of at least about 2.5.
  • the acrylates can be the product of partial or total acrylation of triols, tetrols, or higher polyols, or mixtures of these tri- and higher functional acrylates with diacrylates.
  • suitable tri- and higher functional acrylates are trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate or triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, and the like.
  • Diacrylates which can be used in admixture therewith include 2,2-dimethylpropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate and the like.
  • the acrylates or mixtures thereof are all liquid at or near room temperature, preferably. Methacrylates are not suitable.
  • the low molecular weight aliphatic amines which are useful have an average amine hydrogen functionality of at least about 3.
  • aliphatic is meant amines whose nitrogen is attached to an aliphatic carbon, but is not meant to exclude amines which also contain aromatic or cycloaliphatic moieties.
  • low molecular weight is meant number average molecular weight of below about 1000, preferably below about 600. The equivalent weight of the aliphatic amines is preferably below about 100.
  • ethylene diamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, propylenediamine, polyethyleneimine, diaminohexane, aminoethylpiperazine, 1,4-(diaminomethyl) cyclohexane, and m-xylylenediamine are suitable, either alone or in admixture with other aliphatic amines.
  • the preferred amines are of the formula H 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 NH) n H wherein n is 1 to 4.
  • the amines or mixtures thereof are preferably liquids at or near room temperature.
  • Suitable ratios of acrylate to amine, on an equivalents basis based on acrylate and amine hydrogen functionality, are about 0.5 to about 2.0.
  • Suitable initiators are generally of the peroxide or azo class such as those normally used for free radical polymerization.
  • di-t-butyl peroxide, azoisobutyryl nitrile, and the like can be used in amounts of about 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight based on reactants.
  • the initiator When the initiator is used it causes free radical polymerization of the excess acrylate.
  • the preferred acrylate to amine hydrogen equivalents ratio is about 0.5 to 1.09.
  • the preferred acrylate to amine hydrogen equivalents ratio is about 0.8 to 2.0.
  • one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers other than acrylates which are copolymerizable with acrylates but are less reactive with amines than are the acrylates in the composition can be included.
  • styrene and methyl methacrylate can be used in minor amounts, preferably less than about 15% by weight based on reactants.
  • the initiator should also be used.
  • these other monomers they copolymerize with the excess acrylate groups.
  • compositions and articles produced have a wide variety of end uses, including electrical insulator parts, distributor caps, gears, fenders, boat hulls, foams, and sheet, due to their excellent balance of properties, especially with regard to their rapid moldability, their rigidity and their high use temperature, and their hardness.
  • additives such as glass or asbestos fiber reinforcement, inert particulate filler, dyes, pigments, UV light and other stabilizers, flame retardants, mold release agents, etc.
  • Suitable amounts of glass or other fibrous reinforcement are about 5 to 50% by weight.
  • Suitable amounts of inert particulate filler are about 5 to 75% by weight.
  • the acrylate monomer, the amine monomer, optionally the ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than acrylates and free radical initiator, and the optional additives are mixed and introduced to a mold, preferably a closed mold, and allowed to react for about 1 to 2000 seconds at a mold temperature of about 0° to 200° C., preferably about 20° to 120° C.
  • the preferred molding system is a closed mold, usually an injection mold.
  • the process of this invention is very interesting because moldings of outstanding properties can be quickly and efficiently made at low temperatures and pressures in a low cost mold, somewhat similar to polyurethanes but with quite different chemistry and properties.
  • Foams can also be made by the process by including a low boiling inert solvent which boils under the reaction conditions so as to produce rigid foamed articles.
  • the 10 mil deflection temperature test is similar to ASTM D1525. The Vicat apparatus is used but the measurement is begun at -20° C. and run to 10 mil identation.
  • TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
  • NPGDA neopentylglycol diacrylate
  • Examples 1-9 illustrate the effect of acrylate-amine ratio on the gel time and properties of TMPTA-TEPA polyaminoesters.
  • Tetraethylenepentamine (38.22 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (130.0 parts) are mixed with a glass stirring rod at room temperature. After the components are mixed for about 10 seconds, they form a homogeneous solution which becomes warm. The solution is then poured between two glass plates 0.4 cm. apart. The solution gels in two minutes. The sheet is removed from the mold after 10 minutes. It is postcured by heating to 180° C. over a 2 hour period.
  • Table 1 The physical properties are summarized in Table 1.
  • the polyaminoester shows less than 0.5% change in weight and dimensions during immersion in gasoline for 8 days.
  • Trimethylolpropane triacrylate-tetraethylenepentamine polyaminoester sheets of various compositions are cast by the procedure in Example 1.
  • the gel times and properties are listed in Table 1. At equivalent ratios less than 0.5, the tensile strength and modulus are too low for a useful plastic. At equivalent ratios greater than 2.0, as in comparative Example 9, the tensile strength and modulus is too low for a useful plastic and the gel times are too long for RIM processing.
  • Examples 1, 10, and 11 illustrate the effect of reaction temperature on mold time.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that the reagents are equilibrated at 0° C. before they are mixed. Gelation requires 5 minutes and the sheet is removed from the mold in 25 minutes.
  • Examples 12-24 illustrate the effect of amine structure, acrylate structure, and component ratio.
  • This Example illustrates use of amines of higher molecular weight in the invention.
  • Example 2 m-Xylylenediamine and pentaerythritol triacrylate in various ratios are reacted as in Example 1.
  • the physical properties are shown in Table 2.
  • Tetraethylenepentamine and pentaerythritol triacrylate are reacted by the procedure of Example 1.
  • the physical properties are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 2 1,2-Diaminopropane and pentaerythritol triacrylate are reacted as in Example 1. The properties are shown in Table 2.
  • Examples 25-33 offer a comparison of properties of polyaminoesters formed from diacrylates to properties of polyaminoesters formed from triacrylates.
  • the flexural strength, modulus, and thermal behavior of diacrylate polyaminoesters are unacceptable for a useful plastic.
  • 1,2-Propylenediamine is reacted with electrophoresis grade ethylene diacrylate in various ratios by the procedure of Example 1. The only exception is that postcure is for 70 hours at 70° C. The properties measured are shown in Table 3.
  • 1,2-Propylenediamine is reacted with trimethylolpropane triacrylate by the procedure of Examples 25-27.
  • the properties are listed in Table 3.
  • Tetraethylenepentamine is reacted with neopentylglycol diacrylate (NPGDA) in various ratios and with trimethylolpropane triacrylate by the procedure of Example 1.
  • NPGDA neopentylglycol diacrylate
  • Comparative Examples 34-36 illustrate that methacrylates, aromatic amines, and compounds with two amine hydrogens are unreactive and, therefore, inappropriate to the invention.
  • Example 2 (Comparative)--Ethylenediamine (2.66 parts) is reacted with trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate (16.85 parts) by the procedure of Example 1.
  • This Example is comparative because of the methacrylate rather than acrylate. After 4 days at room temperature the solution is very viscous but not gelled. All attempts to react these at higher temperatures lead only to soft gels; no plastic articles can be made.
  • Example 2 (Comparative)--2,4-Diaminotoluene (2.73 parts) is mixed with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (10.0 parts) by the procedure of Example 1.
  • the Example is comparative because of the aromaticity of the amine.
  • the mixture is allowed to stand at 60° C. for 16 hours. No increase in viscosity occurs. No plastic material can be made.
  • Example 2 (Comparative)--n-Butylamine (5.26 parts) is added to trimethylolpropane triacrylate (14.89 parts) as in Example 1.
  • This Example is comparative because of the amine hydrogen functionality. After 6 hours at room temperature the solution becomes viscous but gelation does not occur until 24 hours. No plastic material can be made from this combination of monomers--only rubbery gels.
  • Examples 37-65 illustrate the properties of polyaminoesters containing free radical initiator and unsaturated monomer.
  • m-Xylylenediamine (40.63 parts) is added to a solution of 0.40 parts di-t-butyl peroxide in pentaerythritol triacrylate (142.4 parts).
  • the components are mixed with a glass rod and poured into the glass sheet mold.
  • the polyaminoester is postcured by heating to 175° C. over a 1 hour period. Properties are listed in Table 4.
  • m-Xylylenediamine (34.5 parts) is added to a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide (0.33 parts), styrene (13.8 parts), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (102.4 parts).
  • the components are mixed with a glass rod and poured into a sheet mold.
  • the sheet is postcured by heating to 175° C. over a 1 hour period. Its properties are shown in Table 4.
  • m-Xylylenediamine was added to a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide, styrene, and pentaerythritol triacrylate as in Example 38. Properties are listed in Table 4.
  • PETA-XDA Polyaminoester with MMA and di-t-butyl peroxide Polyaminoester with MMA and di-t-butyl peroxide.
  • m-Xylylenediamine is added to a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide, methyl methacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate as in Example 38. Properties are shown in Table 4.
  • Tetraethylenepentamine is reacted with a mixture of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, styrene, and di-t-butyl peroxide as in Example 38.
  • the properties are shown in Table 5. These Examples illustrate the effect of component ratio. At ratios lower than 0.8 the addition of initiator with or without unsaturated monomer has negligible effect on the DTUFL. At very high ratios (2.0) the reaction is too slow and/or the exotherm is too high to be useful in RIM processing; also, the shrinkage would be too high for useful RIM processing. At intermediate levels, significant improvements in modulus, tensile strength, and DTUFL result by addition of initiator and unsaturated monomer.
  • Example 38 Other amines are reacted with pentaerythritol triacrylate, styrene, and di-t-butyl peroxide as in Example 38. Properties are shown in Table 6. Styrene in excess of about 15% leads to cracking of the plastic.
  • Examples 66 and 67 illustrate the incorporation of filler and glass fiber.
  • Tetraethylenepentamine (16.0 parts) is added to a mixture of calcium metasilicate (28.2 parts) in di-t-butyl peroxide (0.27 parts), styrene (9.5 parts), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (80.2 parts).
  • the components are mixed with a glass stirring rod and poured into a glass sheet mold.
  • the sheet is postcured by heating to 175° C. over 1 hour.
  • the plastic has a tensile modulus of 800,000 psi and a DTUFL at 264 psi of 195° C.
  • Tetraethylenepentamine (15.7 parts) is added to a mixture of glass fiber (25.9 parts) in di-t-butyl peroxide (0.29 parts), styrene (9.4 parts), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (78.4 parts).
  • the components are mixed with a glass rod and poured into a 1.0 cm glass sheet mold. After postcure the reinforced plastic has a DTUFL at 264 psi of 200° C. and a flexural modulus of over 1,000,000 psi.
  • the notched Izod impact strength of this material is 1.5 ft.-lb./in. compared to 0.25 ft.-lb./in. for the nonreinforced material.
  • Examples 68-71 describe the process as carried out in high speed production equipment.
  • a 42 g. shot of tetraethylenepentamine (1.0 part) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (2.5 parts) is metered and mixed in 1 second at 40° C. in a Cincinnati Milicron RIM machine.
  • the mixed material is fed directly into a closed electrical insulator mold.
  • the insulator (8 cm ⁇ 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm) is removed from the mold after 30 seconds and postcured.
  • the Vicat softening point of this material was 200° C.
  • the insulator was also very rigid, indicating utility at high load and temperature applications.
  • Example 61 is processed by the procedure of Example 68.
  • the connector is removed from the mold within one minute. After postcure the material has a Vicat softening point of 210° C. and is also very rigid, indicating excellent use temperature and load bearing properties.
  • a composition of tetraethylenepentamine (20 parts), di-t-butylperoxide (0.2 parts), styrene (9 parts), pentaerythritol triacrylate (70 parts) and milled glass (20 parts) are processed at 40° C. in an Accuratio Systems, Inc. RIM processing Machine.
  • the material 28 g.
  • the gear 5 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long) is removed within 1 minute and postcured.
  • the high modulus, good impact strength, and use temperature are good for this application.
  • Example 70 is repeated with the exception that 100 parts calcium carbonate is substituted for the glass.
  • the gear is removed from the mold within one minute.

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Abstract

Rigid thermoset polyaminoesters are prepared by reacting a mixture of acrylate monomer having an average acrylate functionality of at least 2.5 and aliphatic amine having an average amine hydrogen functionality of at least 3.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to high performance thermoset plastics and processes for production thereof.
More particularly, it relates to a novel composition suitable for rapid production of molded plastic articles via the reaction injection molding ("RIM") or liquid injection molding ("LIM") processes wherein a liquid reaction mixture is introduced into a mold, especially a closed injection mold, and is rapidly polymerized to a rigid thermoset plastic.
The only plastics previously used successfully in the RIM or LIM processes have been low modulus, low DTUFL polyurethanes; no one has ever suggested polyaminoesters which are prepared from amines and acrylates for these processes. Polyaminoesters have previously been suggested mainly for coatings (U.S. Pat. No. 3,845,056 to Robson et al.); coatings and films (U.S. Pat. No. 2,759,913 to Hulse), or gel-like products.
There is a need for high modulus, high DTUFL plastics moldable by the RIM or LIM process.
It is an object of the present invention to provide compositions which are suitable for rapid polymerization to rigid, hard, high use temperature thermoset polymers.
Another object is to provide a rapid process for molding such compositions.
A still further object is to provide novel thermoset polymers with an exceptional balance of properties.
An additional object is to provide articles molded from the novel compositions via the novel processes.
These objects and others as will become apparent from the following description are achieved by the present invention which comprises a mixture of acrylate monomer having an average acrylate functionality of at least 2.5 and aliphatic amine having an average amine hydrogen functionality of at least 3; processes of preparing rigid thermoset polymers comprising introducing said mixture in a mold and allowing it to react; the resultant solid polyaminoester polymers; and articles prepared by the processes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In accordance with the invention, the acrylate monomer and aliphatic amine react rapidly via a Michael-type reaction, either primarily or exclusively, to a final rigid thermoset polymer product having a high softening temperature.
The acrylate monomer or mixture of acrylate monomers used are those having an average acrylate functionality of at least about 2.5. The acrylates can be the product of partial or total acrylation of triols, tetrols, or higher polyols, or mixtures of these tri- and higher functional acrylates with diacrylates. Examples of suitable tri- and higher functional acrylates are trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate or triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, and the like. Diacrylates which can be used in admixture therewith include 2,2-dimethylpropylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate and the like. The acrylates or mixtures thereof are all liquid at or near room temperature, preferably. Methacrylates are not suitable.
The low molecular weight aliphatic amines which are useful have an average amine hydrogen functionality of at least about 3. By "aliphatic" is meant amines whose nitrogen is attached to an aliphatic carbon, but is not meant to exclude amines which also contain aromatic or cycloaliphatic moieties. By "low molecular weight" is meant number average molecular weight of below about 1000, preferably below about 600. The equivalent weight of the aliphatic amines is preferably below about 100. For example, ethylene diamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, propylenediamine, polyethyleneimine, diaminohexane, aminoethylpiperazine, 1,4-(diaminomethyl) cyclohexane, and m-xylylenediamine are suitable, either alone or in admixture with other aliphatic amines. The preferred amines are of the formula H2 N(CH2 CH2 NH)n H wherein n is 1 to 4. The amines or mixtures thereof are preferably liquids at or near room temperature.
Suitable ratios of acrylate to amine, on an equivalents basis based on acrylate and amine hydrogen functionality, are about 0.5 to about 2.0.
Optionally, small amounts of free radical initiator can be used. Suitable initiators are generally of the peroxide or azo class such as those normally used for free radical polymerization. For example, di-t-butyl peroxide, azoisobutyryl nitrile, and the like can be used in amounts of about 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight based on reactants. When the initiator is used it causes free radical polymerization of the excess acrylate.
When no initiator is used, the preferred acrylate to amine hydrogen equivalents ratio is about 0.5 to 1.09. When the initiator option is followed, the preferred acrylate to amine hydrogen equivalents ratio is about 0.8 to 2.0.
Optionally, one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers other than acrylates which are copolymerizable with acrylates but are less reactive with amines than are the acrylates in the composition can be included. For example, styrene and methyl methacrylate can be used in minor amounts, preferably less than about 15% by weight based on reactants. When these other ethylenically unsaturated monomers are used, the initiator should also be used. When these other monomers are used, they copolymerize with the excess acrylate groups.
The compositions and articles produced have a wide variety of end uses, including electrical insulator parts, distributor caps, gears, fenders, boat hulls, foams, and sheet, due to their excellent balance of properties, especially with regard to their rapid moldability, their rigidity and their high use temperature, and their hardness. For some end uses it is preferable to incorporate additives such as glass or asbestos fiber reinforcement, inert particulate filler, dyes, pigments, UV light and other stabilizers, flame retardants, mold release agents, etc. Suitable amounts of glass or other fibrous reinforcement are about 5 to 50% by weight. Suitable amounts of inert particulate filler are about 5 to 75% by weight.
In accordance with the process aspect of this invention, the acrylate monomer, the amine monomer, optionally the ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than acrylates and free radical initiator, and the optional additives are mixed and introduced to a mold, preferably a closed mold, and allowed to react for about 1 to 2000 seconds at a mold temperature of about 0° to 200° C., preferably about 20° to 120° C. The preferred molding system is a closed mold, usually an injection mold. Only very low pressures and temperatures are required, usually only about 20 psi and 50° C., to quickly mold the high softening temperature articles of the invention, contrary to normal thermoplastic injection molding which requires high temperatures, usually about 200°-300° C., and pressures, usually about 10,000 to 50,000 psi, because of the high viscosity of the polymer melt. With other thermoset systems, high pressures and temperatures are needed because of the viscosity and reaction temperatures of those materials. No solvents are needed, and preferably none are used in the process.
The process of this invention is very interesting because moldings of outstanding properties can be quickly and efficiently made at low temperatures and pressures in a low cost mold, somewhat similar to polyurethanes but with quite different chemistry and properties.
Foams can also be made by the process by including a low boiling inert solvent which boils under the reaction conditions so as to produce rigid foamed articles.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to illustrate a few embodiments of the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
The following procedures are used to measure the properties in the examples:
ASTM D638--tensile strength and modulus
ASTM D790--flexural strength and modulus
ASTM D256--notched Izod impact strength
ASTM D648--DTUFL (deflection temperature under flexural load)
ASTM D785--Rockwell hardness
ASTM D1525--Vicat softening point
The 10 mil deflection temperature test is similar to ASTM D1525. The Vicat apparatus is used but the measurement is begun at -20° C. and run to 10 mil identation.
Acrylate equivalent weights are measured by the pyridine sulfate dibromide technique:
trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA)=111
pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)=108
neopentylglycol diacrylate (NPGDA)=127
ethylene diacrylate, electrophoresis=87 grade
Examples 1-9 illustrate the effect of acrylate-amine ratio on the gel time and properties of TMPTA-TEPA polyaminoesters.
EXAMPLE 1
Tetraethylenepentamine (38.22 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (130.0 parts) are mixed with a glass stirring rod at room temperature. After the components are mixed for about 10 seconds, they form a homogeneous solution which becomes warm. The solution is then poured between two glass plates 0.4 cm. apart. The solution gels in two minutes. The sheet is removed from the mold after 10 minutes. It is postcured by heating to 180° C. over a 2 hour period. The physical properties are summarized in Table 1. The polyaminoester shows less than 0.5% change in weight and dimensions during immersion in gasoline for 8 days.
EXAMPLES 2A-9
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate-tetraethylenepentamine polyaminoester sheets of various compositions are cast by the procedure in Example 1. The gel times and properties are listed in Table 1. At equivalent ratios less than 0.5, the tensile strength and modulus are too low for a useful plastic. At equivalent ratios greater than 2.0, as in comparative Example 9, the tensile strength and modulus is too low for a useful plastic and the gel times are too long for RIM processing.
                                  TABLE 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
       Equivalents  Tensile                                               
                         Tensile                                          
                              DTUFL                                       
       Ratio   Gel Time                                                   
                    Strength                                              
                         Modulus                                          
                              At 264 psi                                  
                                    Vicat                                 
                                        Rockwell                          
Ex.    Acrylate/Amine                                                     
               (minutes)                                                  
                    (psi)                                                 
                         (psi)                                            
                              (°C.)                                
                                    (°C.)                          
                                        Hardness                          
__________________________________________________________________________
2A     0.54    <1   4700 140,000                                          
                              50    150 M50                               
2B     0.64    <1   6600 290,000                                          
                              50    180 M50                               
2C     0.74    1    8600 360,000                                          
                              50    190 M50                               
2D     0.78    1    7400 360,000                                          
                              50    210 M50                               
1      0.83    2    7200 330,000                                          
                              50    210 M40                               
2E     0.88    2    6900 340,000                                          
                              50    210 M30                               
3      0.92    2    6300 300,000                                          
                              40    210 M30                               
4      1.00    3    4100 190,000                                          
                              40    210 M0                                
5      1.08    4    2400  95,000                                          
                              40    210 M0                                
6      1.3     10         75,000                                          
7      1.6     25         40,000                                          
8      1.9     90         20,000                                          
9 comparative                                                             
       2.2     150       <10,000                                          
__________________________________________________________________________
Examples 1, 10, and 11 illustrate the effect of reaction temperature on mold time.
EXAMPLE 10
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that the reagents are equilibrated at 0° C. before they are mixed. Gelation requires 5 minutes and the sheet is removed from the mold in 25 minutes.
EXAMPLE 11
When the reagents are equilibrated at 50° C. before they are mixed, gelation occurs in less than one minute and the sheet is removed from the mold in 5 minutes.
The properties of the plastics described in the above two Examples are essentially identical to the properties of the plastic as described in Example 1.
Examples 12-24 illustrate the effect of amine structure, acrylate structure, and component ratio.
EXAMPLE 12
TMPTA-DETA Polyaminoester
Diethylenetriamine (22 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (110 parts) are reacted at 0° C. as described in Example 1. Properties are listed in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 13
TMPTA-EDA Polyaminoester
Ethylenediamine (16.49 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (105.7 parts) are reacted at 0° C. as described in Example 1. Properties are listed in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 14
TMPTA-XDA Polyaminoester
m-Xylylenediamine (34.1 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (105.8 parts) are reacted at 25° C. as described in Example 1. Properties are reported in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 14A
TMPTA-DAMC Polyaminoester
1,3-(Diaminomethyl)cyclohexane (30.5 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (91.4 parts) are reacted at 25° C. as described in Example 1. Properties are reported in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 14B
TMPTA-PEI Polyaminoester
This Example illustrates use of amines of higher molecular weight in the invention.
Polyethyleneimine (4.3 parts) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (13.8 parts) are reacted at 25° C. as described in Example 1. Properties are reported in Table 2.
EXAMPLES 15-19
PETA-XDA Polyaminoester
m-Xylylenediamine and pentaerythritol triacrylate in various ratios are reacted as in Example 1. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 20
PETA-TEPA Polyaminoester
Tetraethylenepentamine and pentaerythritol triacrylate are reacted by the procedure of Example 1. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.
EXAMPLES 21-24
PETA-PDA Polyaminoester
1,2-Diaminopropane and pentaerythritol triacrylate are reacted as in Example 1. The properties are shown in Table 2.
                                  TABLE 2                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
              Equiv. ratio                                                
                         Tensile                                          
                              Tensile                                     
                                   DTUFL                                  
              Acrylate/                                                   
                    Gel time                                              
                         Strength                                         
                              Modulus                                     
                                   @ 264 psi                              
                                        Vicat                             
                                            Rockwell                      
Example                                                                   
     Acrylate                                                             
          Amine                                                           
              Amine (Minutes)                                             
                         (psi)                                            
                              (psi)                                       
                                   (° C.)                          
                                        (° C.)                     
                                            Hardness                      
__________________________________________________________________________
12   TMPTA                                                                
          DETA                                                            
              0.93  1 (0° C.)                                      
                         6000 300,000                                     
                                   50   200 M40                           
13   TMPTA                                                                
          EDA 0.87  1 (0° C.)                                      
                         5400 270,000                                     
                                   40   200 M10                           
14   TMPTA                                                                
          XDA 0.95   60  8400 400,000                                     
                                   60   240 M50                           
15   PETA XDA 0.72  0.5  --   --   90   --  --                            
16   PETA XDA 0.84  0.5  11,000                                           
                              430,000                                     
                                   100  230 M90                           
17   PETA XDA 0.93  0.5  9600 430,000                                     
                                   100  230 M90                           
18   PETA XDA 1.01  1.0  --   --   100  --  --                            
19   PETA XDA 1.12  1.0  --   --   70   --  --                            
20   PETA TEPA                                                            
              0.98  0.2  --   --   65   --  --                            
21   PETA PDA 0.70  0.3  --   --   50   --  --                            
22   PETA PDA 0.82  0.5  6900 510,000                                     
                                   70   --  M80                           
23   PETA PDA 0.93  0.5  12,000                                           
                              520,000                                     
                                   80   --  M80                           
24   PETA PDA 1.06  0.5  --   --   65   --  --                            
14A  TMPTA                                                                
          DAMC                                                            
              0.95   2   --   300,000                                     
                                   50   200 --                            
14B  TMPTA                                                                
          PEI 1.2   0.5  --   --   50   200 --                            
__________________________________________________________________________
Examples 25-33 offer a comparison of properties of polyaminoesters formed from diacrylates to properties of polyaminoesters formed from triacrylates. The flexural strength, modulus, and thermal behavior of diacrylate polyaminoesters are unacceptable for a useful plastic.
EXAMPLES 25-33
1,2-Propylenediamine is reacted with electrophoresis grade ethylene diacrylate in various ratios by the procedure of Example 1. The only exception is that postcure is for 70 hours at 70° C. The properties measured are shown in Table 3.
EXAMPLES 28-29
1,2-Propylenediamine is reacted with trimethylolpropane triacrylate by the procedure of Examples 25-27. The properties are listed in Table 3.
EXAMPLES 30-33
Tetraethylenepentamine is reacted with neopentylglycol diacrylate (NPGDA) in various ratios and with trimethylolpropane triacrylate by the procedure of Example 1. The properties are shown in Table 3.
              TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                                           10 Mil                         
                                           Pen-                           
                      Equiv.               etra-                          
                      ratio  Flexural                                     
                                    Flexural                              
                                           tion                           
Ex-                   Acrylate                                            
                             Strength                                     
                                    Modulus                               
                                           Temp                           
ample                                                                     
     Acrylate Amine   /Amine (psi)  (psi)  (° C.)                  
______________________________________                                    
25*  EDA      PDA     0.86   440    1600   8                              
26*  EDA      PDA     0.93   390    1300   8                              
27*  EDA      PDA     1.02   540    3000   20                             
28   TMPTA    PDA     0.84   13,600 300,000                               
                                           165                            
29   TMPTA    PDA     1.00   8700   170,000                               
                                           172                            
30*  NPGDA    TEPA    0.79   290    2400   -1                             
31*  NPGDA    TEPA    0.86   260    2800   -6                             
32*  NPGDA    TEPA    0.92   260    2700   -1                             
33   TMPTA    TEPA    0.82   11,400 300,000                               
                                           195                            
______________________________________                                    
 *Comparative                                                             
 The comparison shown in the Examples in Table 3 demonstrates the         
 importance of the acrylate functionality.
Comparative Examples 34-36 illustrate that methacrylates, aromatic amines, and compounds with two amine hydrogens are unreactive and, therefore, inappropriate to the invention.
EXAMPLE 34
(Comparative)--Ethylenediamine (2.66 parts) is reacted with trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate (16.85 parts) by the procedure of Example 1. This Example is comparative because of the methacrylate rather than acrylate. After 4 days at room temperature the solution is very viscous but not gelled. All attempts to react these at higher temperatures lead only to soft gels; no plastic articles can be made.
EXAMPLE 35
(Comparative)--2,4-Diaminotoluene (2.73 parts) is mixed with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (10.0 parts) by the procedure of Example 1. The Example is comparative because of the aromaticity of the amine. The mixture is allowed to stand at 60° C. for 16 hours. No increase in viscosity occurs. No plastic material can be made.
EXAMPLE 36
(Comparative)--n-Butylamine (5.26 parts) is added to trimethylolpropane triacrylate (14.89 parts) as in Example 1. This Example is comparative because of the amine hydrogen functionality. After 6 hours at room temperature the solution becomes viscous but gelation does not occur until 24 hours. No plastic material can be made from this combination of monomers--only rubbery gels.
Examples 37-65 illustrate the properties of polyaminoesters containing free radical initiator and unsaturated monomer.
EXAMPLE 37
m-Xylylenediamine (40.63 parts) is added to a solution of 0.40 parts di-t-butyl peroxide in pentaerythritol triacrylate (142.4 parts). The components are mixed with a glass rod and poured into the glass sheet mold. The polyaminoester is postcured by heating to 175° C. over a 1 hour period. Properties are listed in Table 4.
EXAMPLE 38
m-Xylylenediamine (34.5 parts) is added to a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide (0.33 parts), styrene (13.8 parts), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (102.4 parts). The components are mixed with a glass rod and poured into a sheet mold. The sheet is postcured by heating to 175° C. over a 1 hour period. Its properties are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLES 39-42
m-Xylylenediamine was added to a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide, styrene, and pentaerythritol triacrylate as in Example 38. Properties are listed in Table 4.
EXAMPLES 43-45
PETA-XDA Polyaminoester with MMA and di-t-butyl peroxide.
m-Xylylenediamine is added to a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide, methyl methacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate as in Example 38. Properties are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLES 46-57
Tetraethylenepentamine is reacted with a mixture of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, styrene, and di-t-butyl peroxide as in Example 38. The properties are shown in Table 5. These Examples illustrate the effect of component ratio. At ratios lower than 0.8 the addition of initiator with or without unsaturated monomer has negligible effect on the DTUFL. At very high ratios (2.0) the reaction is too slow and/or the exotherm is too high to be useful in RIM processing; also, the shrinkage would be too high for useful RIM processing. At intermediate levels, significant improvements in modulus, tensile strength, and DTUFL result by addition of initiator and unsaturated monomer.
Other amines are reacted with pentaerythritol triacrylate, styrene, and di-t-butyl peroxide as in Example 38. Properties are shown in Table 6. Styrene in excess of about 15% leads to cracking of the plastic.
Examples 66 and 67 illustrate the incorporation of filler and glass fiber.
EXAMPLE 66
Tetraethylenepentamine (16.0 parts) is added to a mixture of calcium metasilicate (28.2 parts) in di-t-butyl peroxide (0.27 parts), styrene (9.5 parts), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (80.2 parts). The components are mixed with a glass stirring rod and poured into a glass sheet mold. The sheet is postcured by heating to 175° C. over 1 hour. The plastic has a tensile modulus of 800,000 psi and a DTUFL at 264 psi of 195° C.
                                  TABLE 4                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
              Equiv. ratio        Tensile                                 
                                       DTUFL                              
                                            DTUFL                         
              Acrylate/      Modulus                                      
                                  Strength                                
                                       @ 264 psi                          
                                            @ 66 psi                      
                                                 Rockwell                 
Example                                                                   
     Acrylate                                                             
          Amine                                                           
              Amine Initiator                                             
                        Monomer                                           
                             (psi)                                        
                                  (° C.)                           
                                       (° C.)                      
                                            (° C.)                 
                                                 Hardness                 
__________________________________________________________________________
16   PETA XDA 1.12  --  --   470,000                                      
                                  14,900                                  
                                        70   80  M80                      
22   "    "   "     0.2%                                                  
                        --   470,000                                      
                                  11,900                                  
                                       145  200  M100                     
18   "    "   0.93  --  --   430,000                                      
                                   9600                                   
                                        95  --   M90                      
19   "    "   "     0.2%                                                  
                        6%S  430,000                                      
                                   9100                                   
                                       110  --   M100                     
20   "    "   "     0.2%                                                  
                        8%S  430,000                                      
                                   7900                                   
                                       125  190  M100                     
17   "    "   "     0.2%                                                  
                        9%S  470,000                                      
                                  10,400                                  
                                       150  190  M105                     
21   "    "   "     0.2%                                                  
                        12%S 440,000                                      
                                   7600                                   
                                       125  --   M100                     
23   "    "   1.12  0.2%                                                  
                        7%MMA                                             
                             480,000                                      
                                  11,500                                  
                                       149  190  M100                     
24   "    "   "     0.2%                                                  
                        9%MMA                                             
                             480,000                                      
                                  10,700                                  
                                       135  200  M100                     
__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 5                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
     Equiv. ratio         Tensile                                         
                               DTUFL                                      
                                    DTUFL                                 
     Acrylate/            Strength                                        
                               @ 264 psi                                  
                                    @ 66 psi                              
Example                                                                   
     Amine Init.                                                          
              Styrene %                                                   
                   Modulus (psi)                                          
                          (psi)                                           
                               (° C.)                              
                                    (° C .)                        
__________________________________________________________________________
46   0.8   -- --   350,000                                                
                          7000 50   --                                    
47   "     0.2%                                                           
              --   360,000                                                
                          7000 50   --                                    
48   "     0.2%                                                           
              6%   370,000                                                
                          8500 50   --                                    
49   "     0.2%                                                           
              9%   390,000                                                
                          9500 60   --                                    
50   1.1   -- --    95,000                                                
                          3000 45    45                                   
51   "     0.2%                                                           
              --   350,000                                                
                          10,000                                          
                               50   180                                   
52   "     0.2%                                                           
              7%   350,000                                                
                          10,000                                          
                               70   190                                   
53   "     0.2%                                                           
              9%   325,000                                                
                          9800 80   190                                   
54   1.3   -- --    30,000                                                
                          1000 35    35                                   
55   "     0.2%                                                           
              --   330,000                                                
                          10,300                                          
                               110  195                                   
56   "     0.2%                                                           
              6%   340,000                                                
                          9500 95   220                                   
57   "     0.2%                                                           
              8%   330,000                                                
                          8600 105  200                                   
__________________________________________________________________________

                                  TABLE 6                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
          Equiv. ratio    Flexural                                        
                               DTUFL                                      
                                    DTUFL                                 
          Acrylate/  Modulus                                              
                          Strength                                        
                               @ 264 psi                                  
                                    @ 66 psi                              
                                         Rockwell                         
Example                                                                   
     Amine                                                                
          Amine % Styrene                                                 
                     (psi)                                                
                          (psi)                                           
                               (° C.)                              
                                    (° C.)                         
                                         Hardness                         
__________________________________________________________________________
58   PDA  1.05  6    480,000                                              
                          12,500                                          
                               145  175  M100                             
59   TEPA 0.86  9    400,000                                              
                          6400 120  --   M105                             
60        1.01  9    --   --   150  --   M105                             
61        1.17  9    470,000                                              
                          5800 167  200  M110                             
62        1.29  9    --   --   170  --   M110                             
63   EDA  1.24  9    --   --   173  200  M105                             
64   1,3 PDA                                                              
          1.27  9    --   --   184  --   M110                             
65   DETA 1.05  9    --   --   145  --   M105                             
__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 67
Tetraethylenepentamine (15.7 parts) is added to a mixture of glass fiber (25.9 parts) in di-t-butyl peroxide (0.29 parts), styrene (9.4 parts), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (78.4 parts). The components are mixed with a glass rod and poured into a 1.0 cm glass sheet mold. After postcure the reinforced plastic has a DTUFL at 264 psi of 200° C. and a flexural modulus of over 1,000,000 psi. The notched Izod impact strength of this material is 1.5 ft.-lb./in. compared to 0.25 ft.-lb./in. for the nonreinforced material.
Examples 68-71 describe the process as carried out in high speed production equipment.
EXAMPLE 68
A 42 g. shot of tetraethylenepentamine (1.0 part) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (2.5 parts) is metered and mixed in 1 second at 40° C. in a Cincinnati Milicron RIM machine. The mixed material is fed directly into a closed electrical insulator mold. The insulator (8 cm×2 cm×2 cm) is removed from the mold after 30 seconds and postcured. The Vicat softening point of this material was 200° C. The insulator was also very rigid, indicating utility at high load and temperature applications.
EXAMPLE 69
The composition of Example 61 is processed by the procedure of Example 68. The connector is removed from the mold within one minute. After postcure the material has a Vicat softening point of 210° C. and is also very rigid, indicating excellent use temperature and load bearing properties.
EXAMPLE 70
A composition of tetraethylenepentamine (20 parts), di-t-butylperoxide (0.2 parts), styrene (9 parts), pentaerythritol triacrylate (70 parts) and milled glass (20 parts) are processed at 40° C. in an Accuratio Systems, Inc. RIM processing Machine. The material (28 g.) is delivered directly to a gear mold. The gear (5 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long) is removed within 1 minute and postcured. The high modulus, good impact strength, and use temperature are good for this application.
EXAMPLE 71
Example 70 is repeated with the exception that 100 parts calcium carbonate is substituted for the glass. The gear is removed from the mold within one minute.

Claims (18)

I claim:
1. Composition comprising solid polyaminoester polymers of one or more esters of acrylic acid monomers having an average acrylate functionality of at least 2.5 and one or more low molecular weight aliphatic amines having an average amine hydrogen functionality of at least 3 and an amine hydrogen equivalent weight of less than about 100, the equivalents ratio of acrylate to amine hydrogen being about 0.5 to 2.0.
2. Compositions in accordance with claim 1, further including fibrous reinforcement.
3. Compositions in accordance with claim 1, further including inert particulate filler.
4. Compositions in accordance with claim 1, further including one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers other than acrylates which are copolymerizable with acrylates but which react slowly or not at all with amine groups.
5. Composition of claim 1 wherein the acrylate monomer is pentaerythritol triacrylate or trimethylolpropane triacrylate and the amine is of the formula H2 N(CH2 CH2 NH)n H wherein n is 1 to 4.
6. Composition of claim 5 further including one or more monomers selected from styrene and methyl methacrylate.
7. Foams having the composition of claim 1.
8. Articles having the composition of claim 1 in the form of electrical insulator parts, distributor caps, gears, fenders, boat hulls or sheet.
9. Process for producing the polymers of claim 1 comprising introducing a mixture of the acrylate monomer and the amine monomer in a mold and allowing the mixture to react.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the mixture is allowed to react for about 1 to 2000 sec.
11. The process of claim 9 wherein said mold is a closed mold.
12. The process of claim 9 wherein said mixture further includes a free radical catalyst and one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers other than acrylates which are copolymerizable with acrylates but react slowly or not at all with amine groups.
13. The process of claim 9 wherein the mold is maintained at a temperature of about 0° to 200° C.
14. The process of claim 9 wherein the temperature is about 20° to 120° C.
15. The process of claim 9 further including post curing the reaction product at about 30° to 300° C. for about 1 to 22 hours.
16. The process of claim 9 further including a low boiling inert solvent which boils under the reaction conditions so as to produce foamed articles.
17. The process of claim 9 wherein there is further included a free radical initiator and the equivalents ratio is about 0.8 to 2.0.
18. The process of claim 9 wherein there is no free radical initiator present and the equivalent ratio is about 0.5 to 1.09.
US05/855,102 1977-11-25 1977-11-25 Polyaminoesters and foams made therefrom Expired - Lifetime US4180632A (en)

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EP78101439A EP0002457B1 (en) 1977-11-25 1978-11-22 Solid polyaminoester polymers and their production
DE7878101439T DE2861295D1 (en) 1977-11-25 1978-11-22 Solid polyaminoester polymers and their production
IT30176/78A IT1100593B (en) 1977-11-25 1978-11-24 SOLID POLYAMINESTER POLYMERS AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION
AT0840778A ATA840778A (en) 1977-11-25 1978-11-24 METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLID POLYAMINOESTER POLYMERS
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4396760A (en) * 1982-04-30 1983-08-02 Rohm And Haas Company Polyaminoester resins from acrylic terminated polyethylene maleates and polyfunctional amines
US4400500A (en) * 1982-04-30 1983-08-23 Rohm And Haas Company Polyaminoester thermosetting resins
US4547562A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-15 Gus Nichols Solventless polymeric composition comprising non arylamine, polyacrylate and epoxide
US4675374A (en) * 1984-03-26 1987-06-23 Gus Nichols Solventless polymeric composition reaction product of (1) adduct of amine and acrylate with (2) polyacrylate
US5180424A (en) * 1991-10-07 1993-01-19 Westvaco Corporation Michael addition aminopolyester resins as dilution extenders for zinc-containing metal resinate inks
US5830987A (en) * 1997-03-11 1998-11-03 Hehr International Inc. Amino-acrylate polymers and method
US5902897A (en) * 1995-07-25 1999-05-11 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Polyamines and their use in coating compositions
US20070082208A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-12 Shooshtari Kiarash A Curable fiberglass binder comprising a beta-amino-ester or beta-amino-amide conjugate addition product
WO2017007552A1 (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-12 The University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Ph-sensitive nanoparticles for detecting and preventing food spoilage

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DE3706355A1 (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-08 Basf Ag ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS OF ACRYLATES AND AMINES AND THEIR USE IN RADIANT CURRENT MEASURES
US7309757B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2007-12-18 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Polymers for the delivery of bioactive agents and methods of their preparation
FR3022544B1 (en) * 2014-06-23 2018-01-05 Arkema France MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACRYLIC OLIGOMERS OF BRANCHED STRUCTURE, BY POLYADDITION BETWEEN AMINES AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACRYLATES.
EP2995318B1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2022-12-07 Istanbul Universitesi Rektorlugu Synthesis of nanoparticular gene carrier systems based on poly(beta-aminoesters)
GB201721585D0 (en) 2017-12-21 2018-02-07 Givaudan Sa Improvements in or relating to organic compounds

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US3859251A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-01-07 Eastman Kodak Co Poly(ester-amide)
US4026828A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-05-31 Rohm And Haas Company Foamed thermoset articles and processes
US4070426A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-01-24 Rohm And Haas Company Acrylic modified foamed nylon product and process

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US3845056A (en) * 1970-01-29 1974-10-29 Union Carbide Corp Piperazinalkyl diacrylates
US3859251A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-01-07 Eastman Kodak Co Poly(ester-amide)
US4070426A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-01-24 Rohm And Haas Company Acrylic modified foamed nylon product and process
US4026828A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-05-31 Rohm And Haas Company Foamed thermoset articles and processes

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4396760A (en) * 1982-04-30 1983-08-02 Rohm And Haas Company Polyaminoester resins from acrylic terminated polyethylene maleates and polyfunctional amines
US4400500A (en) * 1982-04-30 1983-08-23 Rohm And Haas Company Polyaminoester thermosetting resins
US4547562A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-15 Gus Nichols Solventless polymeric composition comprising non arylamine, polyacrylate and epoxide
US4675374A (en) * 1984-03-26 1987-06-23 Gus Nichols Solventless polymeric composition reaction product of (1) adduct of amine and acrylate with (2) polyacrylate
US5180424A (en) * 1991-10-07 1993-01-19 Westvaco Corporation Michael addition aminopolyester resins as dilution extenders for zinc-containing metal resinate inks
US5902897A (en) * 1995-07-25 1999-05-11 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Polyamines and their use in coating compositions
US5830987A (en) * 1997-03-11 1998-11-03 Hehr International Inc. Amino-acrylate polymers and method
US20070082208A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-12 Shooshtari Kiarash A Curable fiberglass binder comprising a beta-amino-ester or beta-amino-amide conjugate addition product
WO2017007552A1 (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-12 The University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Ph-sensitive nanoparticles for detecting and preventing food spoilage
US11435333B2 (en) 2015-07-06 2022-09-06 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. pH-sensitive nanoparticles for detecting and preventing food spoilage

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IT1100593B (en) 1985-09-28
DE2861295D1 (en) 1982-01-14
EP0002457A1 (en) 1979-06-27
AU523712B2 (en) 1982-08-12
IT7830176A0 (en) 1978-11-24
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