US412997A - taylor - Google Patents

Description

(Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. H. TAYLOR.

LOCK.

` Patented Oct. 15, 1889.

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(Model.) 2 Sheets- Sheet 2. W. H. TAYLOR.

LOOK

No. 412,997. Patented Oct. 15, 1889.

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PATENT IVARREN II. TAYLOR, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE YALE dv TOYNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 412,997, dated October 1 5, 188?. Application filed February 12,1889. Serial No. 299,600. (Model.

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Beit known that I, VARREN I'I. TAYLOR, of Stamford,in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The obj ect of my invention is to provide an improved lock of simple construction that can be operated by either of two different keys which cannot be interchanged.

My invention is especially applicable in practice to such uses as require that each one of a series of locks shall be capable of being operated by a change-key which will open it and no other, and that a master-key be provided which will open the whole series. Such a lock, for instance, would be especially useful in hotels and buildings with a large number of office-rooms.

A lock which shall perfectly fulfill the above conditions has long been sought for; but in almost all cases failure in considerable measure has resulted, chiefly because the setting of the locks to a master-key has impaired their security and lessened the number of change-keys which can be fitted to them. Heretofore the tumblers on which the changekey acts have not generally been independent of the tumblerson which the master-key acts. It has been attempted to have the master-key and the change-key act on different parts of the same tumblers; but this has rendered the locks too costly and has not given entire satisfaction.

In nearly all locks which have had the tumblerandbolt-actuating mechanism in the same case the tumbler-fence has been attached to the bolt and moved forward and backward with it. It is not possible with that construction to make a set of tumblers that will bear the same relation to the fence whether the lock is locked or unlocked, which, to accomplish my purpose, is a necessary condition.

In my lock the tumblers and bolt-actuating mechanism are in the same case, and the bolt is actuated by either of two keys, each of which is provided with its own independent set of tumblers. I have provided. a novel combina- 5o tion of tumblers and fence-levers, and have removed the tumbler-fence from the bolt and placed it at the ends of the tumblers on a dogging-lever, which is actuated by the movement of the bolt, and returns to the same position after the bolt has been moved fully in either direction.

In a broad sense, the general plan of oper ation of mylock has been already shown in the lock patented by Henry R. Towne, No. 206,646, dated July 30, 1878; but that lock is one in which the tumbler mechanism is contained in a separate escutcheon or tumbler-cease, although the tumblers and cam or wing for throwing the bolt return to the same position after the bolt has been thrown forward or retracted. Y

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view, partly in section, of my improved lock with the cap removed, showing the relation and arrangement of the parts in the locked position. Fig. 2 is a similar view to that shown in Fig. 1, with the lower half broken away and the bolt partially retracted. Fig. 3' is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. et is a detached view of the bolt provided with mypivoted stump, showing in dotted lines the relation of the parts when the bolt is retracted. Fig. 5 is a view similar to that shown in Fig. 4, showing the bolt partially cast. Fig. 6 illustrates agroup of detached parts of my lock in perspective. Fig. 7 illustrates one key, and Fig. 8 the other.

Referring to the letters on the drawings, A represents an ordinary lock-case provided at the lower part with. the ordinary latch mechanism, which is too well known to require description, and which forms no part of' my invention.

In the upper part ofv the case is illustrated 9o what constitutes my invention, where B is a bolt provided with the arms C C', 'against which the keys act. The bolt carries a stump together, is formed a recess G', to receive the l projection D2 of the stump when the bolt is key O inserted in the upper key-hole.

retracted.

II II indicate two separate sets of tumblers pivoted upon the pins X X respectively, and provided with springs I I and gatings .I J

Y Y indicate projections upon the ends ot the tumblers, which bear upon the fences F F', respectively, when the tumblers are released from the actuation of the key. Y

The springs I bear against the upper part of the case, and the springs I against a bearing K on thedogging-lever E. By this means the springs I also serve to support the dogging-lever E.

L is a spring pivoted upon the pin M, and bearing at one end upon the case'A and at the other upon the bearing K upon the dogging-lever E.

N is a key-hole adapted to receive the key O, which I will call the master-key, although either key may be made to perform. the office of a master-key.

N is another key-hole adapted to receive the change-key O.

Pis a guide-slot in the arm C', adapted to receive the guide-pin Q, which is secured to the case A and limits the forward and backward movement of the bolt.

To illustrate the operation of my lock, let it' be assumed that the bolt is cast and the Upon turning it in the usual manner the wing of the key engages with the tumblers II and elevates them until their gatin gs are opposite the fence F upon the dogging-lever. Then the key-wing strikes the arm C of the bolt, moves it back, and forces the projection D2 of the stump D against the ends of the dogging-levers with a wedge action tending to separate them. This causes the dogging-lever E to turn on its pivot and the fence F to enter the gatings J. The projection D2, after passing between the ends of the dogging-levers, enters therecess G provided for it. The key then having completed its rotation and passed out of engagement with the arm C, the springs I force the end of the dogging-lever E upward and retract the fence F from the gatings, allowing the tumblers, by force of their springs, to assume the same position that they occupied in the first place. In the same manner the key O maybe used to operate the bolt through its insertion and rotation in the lower keyhole; but the spring L in this instance restores the dogging-lever E to its original position.

In Figs. 2 and 5 it is shownV how the pivoted stump turns to one side or the other in order to pass one dog, which remains rigid while the other dog is turned on its pivot by the force of the key acting on the bolt and projection D2 of the stump. It will now be evident that the bolt can be cast or retracted by either key independently of the other, and that the action of one key andthe locking mechanism operated by it does not affect the other set of locking mechanism, the double inclines of the sides of the projection D2 acting on the double inclines of the ends of the dogging-levers by the use of each key to turn one lever on its pivot, as above described.

In the accompanying drawings the dogging-levers are shown as bell-crank levers; but this form is not material, the essential thing being to interpose some piece between the bolt and the tumblers which shall be dogged by the tumblers when not set by the key, and which, until the tumblers are so set, will form an obstruction to the passage of the bolt.

The construction shown in the drawings illustrates one way that I prefer of accomplishing my purpose, which is to secure the lock against being locked or unlocked without the use of one of its proper keys. Two ends of the dogging -levers rest together against a projection from the stump of the bolt, and until the tumblers are thrown into the proper position the bolt cannot be cast or retracted; but when either group of tumblers is set by the proper key the continued rotation of the key will move the bolt backward or forward, and as it moves the movable stump will push aside the dog whose tumblers are set, the stump itself moving around the dog whose tumblers are not set. When the bolt has been fully cast or retracted, the dogginglever and tumblers will assume their former position, so that the bolt can be operated by either key. It will thus be seen that I have produced a master-key lock in which one tumbler mechanism is absolutely independent of the other, so that the capacity for per mutations either on the change-key or the master-key is unirnpaired, and the security against picking either through the change-key mechanism or the master-key mechanism is not in the least diminished.

In addition, my lock has an advantage in manufacture, because in tting keys and adj usting tumblers of one set of locking mechanism no attention need be paid to the adj ustment of the tumblers of the other set of locking mechanism.

I have referred throughout to tumblers as being the means of security used in this lock. I have done this because the use of tumblers is the most approved method of getting security; but it is evident that 'with one tumbler for each key, or without the use of any tumblers, the doggin g mechanism would work, and made in duplicate would still serve the purpose of this invention if, in place of tumblers, wards or other obstructions were used to afford more or less security against picking, Wards or obstructions being well-known equivalents in the art of lock-makin g fortuinblers.

Instead of having two keys, it would of course be practicable to make the tumbler mechanisms both alike and operate the lock IOO IIO

Wholly by a single key; but that Will not generally be desirable.

Vhat I claim is- 1. In a keyloek, the combination, with the bolt and two independent sets oi' tnmblers, of two movable dogs and a fence upon eaeh dog adapted to enter the gatings of the tumblers when set in alignment, and a separate key to operate each set of tnmblers and the bolt, substantially as set forth.

2. In a lock, the combination of a bolt, a movable stump, and two vmovable dogs, substantially as set forth.

3. In a look, the combination of a bolt provided with key-arms C C, two independent tumbler mechanisms, tWo independent keys, a movable stump upon the bolt, and movable dogs engaging with the Qstump at one end and With tumbler meoh anism at the other end, so as to hold the bolt either in the locked or unlocked position, the Whole so arranged that each key Will operate one set of tumbler meehanism, one of the movable dogs, andthe bolt, substantially as set forth.

4. In a loek, the combination of a bolt earrying a movable stump, With a movable dog` carrying,` a fence, and a tumbler mechanism, substantially as set forth.

In testimony of all which I have hereunto subscribed my name.

VARREN lil. TAYLOR Witnesses:

SCHUYLER MERRITT, Gno. E. WHITE.

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