US40370A - Improved machine for making dough, paste - Google Patents

Description

N. PETERS-, PNOTO-UTHUBHAPHEH, WASHINGTON D C EBENEZER STEVENS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

lMPROVED MACH-INE FOR MAKING DOUGH, PASTE, &C.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,370, dated October 20, 1863.

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EBENEZER STEVENS, of No. 139 Cheapside, in the city of London, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented or discovered new and useful improvements in machinery for preparing dough and paste suitable for making bread, biscuits, pastry, cakes, and similar articles 5 and I, the said EBENEZEE S'rEvENs, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof-thatis to say:

This invention has for its object improvements in machinery for preparing dough and paste suitable for making bread, biscuits, pastry, and cakes. By means of this machinery dough and paste may be prepared without the materials being handled or touched by the operator. The process is thus rendered perfectly cleanly, whereas the hand process, as ordinarily practiced, is the reverse of this. The use of' the machinery described also results in promoting the health of the employed, in a great saving of labor, and in a great increase in the yield of bread, which also is of a better quality. For this purpose machinery is constructed in the several manners shown in the annexed drawings, which l will now proceed to describe.

The drawings A show a machine consisting of a mixing-vessel, with the apparatus used in conjunction therewith.

Figure l is an end view; Fig. 2, a front view, partly in section; Fig. 3, a front view with the mixing-vessel removed, 'and Fig. is a plan of the machine.

The framing of the machine consists of the two side fra-mes, c a, connected together by a transverse frame, ax, of corresponding depth.

On the side frames, ca, are erected the standards c3 a3, which support the hopper to contain the iiour to be mixed. The upper part, b, of the hopper is ot' wood, while the lower part, b ,is a trough of cast-iron, with a longitudinal slit or opening along the bottom. There is, however, a low partition in the center of the hopper, which divides the slit into two parts or lengths, each of which is fitted with a slide, c, by which the slit may be closed. The slide is supported by guide-bars, screwed to the under side of the trough b', and is provided with handles c. The hopper is closed at the top by a lid, b2, hinged to it, as is shown, and in the lid is an opening of sufficient size to admit of sacks of iiour being emptied into the hopper. This opening is fitted with a cover,

out of gear when desired, and with this view the wheel is fitted with a handle, e. The axis d has a feather upon it to prevent the wheel e rotating independently of vits axis. our, on descending from the hopper, falls into the mixing-vessel, and to distribute it evenly over the bottom thereof or over the dough therein the dusting-board gis used. This is mounted on the axis y.

g2 is an arm on the axis g. It is connected by a rod, h, with the eccentric 2, fixed on the pinion i', which gears with a spur wheel,j, on the axis d of the agitators. The dustingboard g thus has an oscillating motion given to it, and the iiour as it falls, coming against this board, is thrown by it iirst to one side and then to the other of the mixing-vessel.

The mixing-vessel lc is made by preference of galvanized sheet-iron riveted together. It is mounted on three wheels.- The stud-axes of the two hinder wheels, 7c kf, are xed to the bottom of the vessel, and the axis ofthe third 0r front wheel, k2, is carried by a fork at the lower end of a vertical spindle, k3, which is capable of turning in a bracket-piece riveted to the mixing-vessel, as is shown. The upper end of the spindle 7c3 is squared to receive a handle, by means of which the mixing-vessel can be drawn from place to place, and'by directing the handle to one or other side a corresponding direction will be given to the leading-wheel, andk the vessel will thus be steered or guided. The bottom of the mixingvessel k is made double, and the space in closed is employed to contain warm water to keep the dough at the proper temperature for fermentation when the mixing is complete.

The water is )cured in at the o eninO 765 and The run oft' when done with by the cock k6, or stealn may be employed to warm the mixingvessel, or gas may be laid on under it.4 In very hot climates it is necessary to cool in place of to heat the mixing-vessel k.

l is a portion of the front of the mixing-vessel which is removable to facilitate the taking the don gh vor paste out'of the vessel. Atother times it is held in its place by the catches 7c3.

The mixing-vessel is kept in itsplace in the machine during the mixing process by a bar, I, which bears on the front ot' the vessel. The bar has eyes at its ends, which pass over screws projecting' from the side frames a., and it is secured by the hand nuts e. Within the mixing-vessel are the mixers m. They. are teeth made of wroughtiron and set in inclined positions on the cranked axis or bar m. It has sockets formed at its ends, which are made square interiorly.

The way in which the mixer is carried and is actuated as shown in these drawings, and as is suitable for machines of very large size, is as follows:

a n are standards which carry in suitable bearings tubular axes o. .Through each of these axes a bar, p, passes. It is also further supported by bearing, p', and is squared at the end. These bars p are capable of sliding within the tubular axes, but aie made to turn with them by means of feathers or otherwise.

The squared ends of the bars p lit into thev sockets at the ends of the mixer, sothat when the two tubular axes o are driven they carry the mixer with them. Simultaneous motion is given to these two axes by the two large spur-wheels f f, mounted upon them.

r is a horizontal axis at the back of the machine. lt is carried in bearings on the fra-mes a., and is driven either by power or by a crankhandle applied at its end and actuated by `manual labor. With this machine, however,

r are out of gear, can be made to gear with the spur-wheels s s, of which there are two, one at each end of the machine. They are mounted on the tubular axes o. The axis r has also'a iiywheel, r3, upon it to keep the speed of rotation as nearly uniform as may be.

When the machine is desired to run fastthat is to say,'when only a part of the iiour has been let down and mixed with the water and before the dough is stiffthe larger pinions r2 are made to gear, but as soon as the dough stiffens these are thrown out and the smaller pinions r thrown into gear, so that the machine may be driven at a slower speed. In order to throw these pinions in and out of gear, there is' a collar on each pair of pinions r r2, which is embraced by a fork, t, capable ot sliding to and fro in guides .in the trame. These forks are cach attached to connectingrods u a, and these are pin-jointed to a lever, e, mounted on a lixed center, v. This arrangement causes the pinions at the opposite -ends of the machine to move in unison.

1.0 is the handle, by which the pinions are thrown in and out of gear. It is mounted on the fixed center w', and at its inner end is pin-jointed to one of the forks t, as is shown.

This lever can be locked to the frame by a pin, rc2, ,either in position to retain in gear the pinions r r or the pinions r2 r2, as may be required. One of the bearings ofthe axis r is carried by a bracket, a, from one of the side frames. When the dough or paste is completely mixed, it becomes necessary to remove the mixer from the nlixingyessel, and for this purpose the bars or axes p have to be drawn back. To efect this each of the axes p has a collar on it a-t p2, which is embraced by a fork on one of the levers m. These levers are mounted on fixed centers at and each of them at its inner end is pin-jointed to one ot' the connecting-rods y. These rods are connected to the lever z. A is the handle by which this gear is worked. lt is iixed on the horizontal axis A', and at its inner end it has an arm, A2, projecting downward and entering a slot in one of the rods y. Thus itv will be seen that by turning the handle A the axes p p ofthe mixing-vessel can be withdrawn or protruded out, as may be required. There are holes in the side of the mixing-vessel, through which the axes p p can pass freely.

Another method of carrying and actuating the cranked-mixer axes mf, and which is preferable, except where the machines are of very large size, is hereinafter described.

Connected with the frame of the machine are arms a5, tied together by abar, a, and having friction-wheels al a7 mounted upon them. These arms are to support a lid, with which the mixing-vessel is fitted, when thelid is out of use, and the friction-wheels are to enable the workman without difficulty to run the lid onto or off from the mixing-vessel.

l would remark that it is only in machines of very large size that it is desirable to drive the mixer-axis m from both ends. ln machines of ordinary size it is only necessary to drive it from one end, and this greatly simplifies the arrangement of the gearing. A plan of a machine thus arranged is shown at Fig. 5 of the drawings B. In this machine, also, but one axis, p, is employed, the mixer-bar at the other end being supported simply in a socket formed in the end of the mixing-vessel. The axis p employed is not made to slide, and the method of holding and driving the mixer-bar m is modified to admit of this in a manner hereinafter described. This is a change also which greatly simplities the arrangement of the machine, and it forms an important part of my invention.

The machine has a movable mixing-vessel, k, which is received between the two standards c c ofthe frame, and is held in its place by hooks or catches lX at the back, in place of by the bar l, as before. The standards x are connected together by a bed-plate, as is shown. The axis p is made in two parts, the bearings of one part being carried by the standard and that ot' the other by the end of the mixing-vessel. Ii' the machine, however, were made with axed mixing-vesselit would not be necessary to make the axis in' separate parts. It is required when a movable mixingvessel is employed to allow the vessel to be run in and ont, but when the vessel is in its place the axis works asif it were in one piece,

there being a fork formed in one part of the axis which then embraces a cross-head on the other part of the axis. The standards a a also carry the axis r. This axis, however, has

pinions r and r2 at one end of it only, and similarly there is but one wheel, j', and one wheel s. The pinions r and r2 have a handle attached to them, byy which they are moved in and out oi' gear. In this machine, also,the iiywheel r3 is not mounted on the axisfr, but this axis is carried by a separateI standard and has tixed on it a spur-wheel, r4, which gears with another larger spur-wheel, T5, on the axis r. This arrangement, as it causes the iiy-wheel to revolve more rapidly than the axis i', allows ot a lighter wheel being used without any loss ot' efficiency.

In order to give sniieient strength to the mixer-bar to allow of its being driven from one end only, I strengthen it in the angle by means of a diagonal tie.

Fig. 6 is a side view of a mixer-bar, in. Thus strengthened, m is the diagonal tie. lt extends, as the drawings show, from the square driving-socket oi the mixer-bar to the horizontal portion thereof.

Figs. 7 and 8 are end views ofthe mixer-bar, (shown at Fig. 6,) and Fig. 9 is a transverse section ot' the same. It will be seen that the form ofthe mixer m is somewhat varied. That indicated in these igures is very eii'ective. In this case, in order that the mixer-bar m may be movable, as is required, the drivingsocket ot' the bar is notched on one side, as is shown by the end view. This allows itreadily to be put inor removed from the axis p, and to prevent 1t failing ot't' this axis vwhen in the course ot' each rotation the notch is uppermost. A semicircular lip is formed in the mixing-vessel immediately under the axis, and this receives and supports the boss or exterior of the driving-socket of the mixer-bar. The end of the driving-axisp I do not in this case make square in section, but I make it to correspond in form with the notch in the mixer-bar, into which it is to tit. The mixerbar may also be prevented fallin g ofi' the axis p by means of a ring made to slide over the point of junction.

It' desired, the mixing-vessel may be divided into two compartments bya central partition,

and then two mixer-bars are used, one in each compartment. In the partition there is a bearing carrying a short axis, which receives at each end the end of one of the mixer-bars, which it retains, as already described, either by means of a lip or b v means of a sl'iding ring. When the axis p is turned, both mixerbars will be driven, and they are arranged so that when the mixers m of one bar are in the dough those oi' the other are up out of it, consequently the power required to drive twos mixer-bars so arranged will be more uniform than when one bar only is used.

In some cases, when employing a flour-hopper above the mixing-trough, I dispense with 4the vibrating dusting-board g, and in place thereotl I make a portion of the slide c of perforated metal or gauze. The motion of the stirrers within the hopper will insure the passage of a continuous shower of our through the perforated portion ot' the slide.

Fig. 10 is a front view, and Fig. 1l a vertical section, of a portion-of a flour-hopper thus constructed. t

In making the best bread it is customary always to sift the iiour. When this is desired, l mount a rotary sieve in the hopperover the mixing-vessel, and in place of putting the flour direct into the hopper, I put it into a chute at the side, from whence it passes through the sieve and into the hopper.

Fig. 12 is a vertical section of the upper part of a hopper with a rotaryscreen cornbined with it.

D is the chute into which the flour is placed.

E is the axis on which the rotary screen F is xed. This screen is conveniently made ot' perforated metal or wire-gauze, or it may be made oi' woven fabric.

The axis E is caused to rotate by means ot' a pinion, G,'at its end, which gears with another pinion, H, which is either turned by means ot a crank-han die or it may be thrown intogear with the wheel e, it' sifting and mixing be required to go on simultaneously.

I is an inclined propeller, mounted on the axis E within the chute D, to draw the iiour forward into the screen.

The apparatus which I employ to raise the dough or paste in the mixing-vessel, in order that it may be removed therefrom, is shown at Figs. 13 and 14. (See Drawing C.) This scoop is fixed on the mixer-bar when it is required to discharge the dough.A

Fig. 13 is a side View, and Fig. 14E is aplan, of the scoop.

a a are two side plates; b, a bottom plate, and c a central partition. These parts form a double scoop, and it is of such a size as just to tit in between two of the mixers in the mixer-bar, entering into the notches c c ot' the scoop. The scoop is secured by a bolt passing through it and through the ends of two ot t-he mixers m. The double scoop raises two pieces ot dough at each rotation-- one on the plate b, and the other on the plate C.

vmixer-bar m is shown, as will be seen.

The drawings D show a machine of small size and simplein its construction'. Itis such a machine as is adapted for use in small households. It is made with the axis p xed as described in respect to Fig. 5.

Fig. 15 is a vertical section, Fig. 16 an end view, and Fig. 17 a portion of a plan, of the machine. The mixing-vessel is arranged as in the machine last described, but is smaller and not provided with feet, as this machine is intended to stand on a table.

The casting a8, which is bolted onto one end of the machine, is so made as to case in the wheelsf and r. on the axis p, one bearing of which is carried by the bracket 'a8 and the other by the side of the mixing-vessel. A front view of the bearing within the mixing-vessel is shown separately at Fig, 18, and a plan of the same at Fig. 19. (Sec Drawing (i.) In the same figures a portion ofthe axis p and also of the The bearing has a semicircular lip, k,upon it. This, as already mentioned, is to prevent the mixerbar in falling oft' the axis 19 when the notch in the boss of the mixer-bar is uppermost.

By making the axis p stationary-that is to say, so that it cannot slide endewise-I am enabled, as the drawings show, to bring the spurwheels close up to the side ofthe mixin g-vessel, and this is the case, whatever be the size ofthe machine, where a fixed mixing-vesselis employed. The axis r is carried in bearings', one of which is in the casting a and the other in a bracket iixed to the back of the mixing-vessel.

N o fly-wheel is employed in machines of the small size shown in these drawings, and for the sake of simplicity of construction the pinion fr is not made to slide in and out of gear.

What l claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The doughmixer hereinbefore described, composed substantially of prongs secured to a cranked axis or bar, so that it may be read ily withdrawn from the dough when' the axis is uppermost.

2. The combination of a stationary frame to support the gearing, by which the doughmixer is worked with a removable mixingves sel, in such manner that the connection of the gearing with thc dough-mixer in the mixingvessel may be disconnected to permit the The wheelf is fixed directly A dough to be conveyed in ,the mixing-vessel to any part of the bakery, substantially'as herein set forth.

3. '.lhe combination of the dough-mixer with a Hour-hopper and Hour-agitators, or their equivalent, whereby the flour thrown in mass into the Hour-hopper is delivered gradually f to the mixing-vessel during the mixing of the dough, substantially as herein set forth.

4. The combination of the flour-hopper and its agitators, with variable slides to regulate the discharge of our to the mixing-vessel beneath, substantially as herein set forth.

the mixing-vessel, with a dusting-board -between the two to distribute the iiour into the mixin g-vessel, substantially as herein set forth.

6. The combination of the iour-agitators or other moving appurtenances ofthe Hour-hopper with the dough-mixer by a removable connection, so that the former may be thrown out of gear when the our is exhausted, substantially as herein set forth. y,

7. The combination of the dough-mixer with change gearing,so that it may be moved rapidly when the dough is thin and more slowly when the dough becomes ton gh substantially as herein set forth.

8. The combination of the dough-mixer with duplex gear, (at the two ends of the machine,) so that an equal motion is communicated to both ends of the dough-mixer simultaneously, substantially as herein. set forth.

9. The combination of the driving-spindles of the dough-mixer at the two ends ofthe machine with one shifting-lever, so that both driving-spindles can be simultaneously withdrawn from the dough-mixer, substantially as herein set forth. f

l0. The combination of a mixing-vessel litted with a mixer with a jacket, forming a double bottom to permit the temperature of the mixing-vessel to be varied by the application of water or steam, substantially as herein set forth.

E. STEVENS.

Witnesses:

GEO. PITT, J No. -ALcooK, 24 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,

London.

5. The combination of the flour-hopper and

Images