US3680306A - Reciprocating drives for the movable members of shut-off elements - Google Patents
Reciprocating drives for the movable members of shut-off elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3680306A US3680306A US875116A US3680306DA US3680306A US 3680306 A US3680306 A US 3680306A US 875116 A US875116 A US 875116A US 3680306D A US3680306D A US 3680306DA US 3680306 A US3680306 A US 3680306A
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- Prior art keywords
- driving element
- drive
- spring
- shut
- movable member
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
- G05D23/1921—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller using a thermal motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element wherein the driving element 2 made in the form of at least one wire turn heated by a source of electric current and resting on two supports 3, 4 one of which (3) is secured in the body 1 while the second one (4), connected with the movable member, moves when the driving element 2 is elongated due to heating.
- the second support 4 is fastened to one end of the spring-loaded part 5 whose other end is secured in the body 1'. Such an installation of the second support makes it possible to increase several times the travel of the movable member as compared to the elongation of the driving element due to heating.
- FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is the reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element, realized in'accordance with the present invention.
- the driving element of such drives is made in the form of a rod resting on two supports, one of which is secured in the body and the other one is connected to the movable member of the shut-off element.
- the movable member of the shut-off element is moved owing to mechanical deformation (elongation) of the driving element of the drive, said deformation being performed by a mechanical method (see, for example, Pat. No. 719,058, Belgium).
- An object of the present invention resides eliminating the aforesaid disadvantages.
- the main object of the invention is to provide such a reciprocating drive for the movable member of a shutoff element wherein the elengation of the driving element of the drive can be controlled remotely while a small elongation of the movable element will be transformed into aconsiderably larger travel of the movable member of the shut-off element.
- a reciprocating drive for the movable member of ashut-off element comprising a driving element mounted in the body on two supports one of which is secured while the other one is connected to the movable member of the shutoff element and can move-when the driving element of the drive is elongated in which; according to the invention the driving element is made of at least one turn of an electric wire, heated by a source of electric current, the second support being located on one end of the spring-loaded part working in compression and installed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the wire turn, while the other end of said spring-loaded part is secured in the drive body.
- the spring-loaded part be made in the form of a leaf spring with one end secured rigidly in the drive body.
- Such a design of the body increases the working travel of the movable member without changes in the power consumption, due to the absence of heat transfer by convection.
- the turns of the driving element be coated with a layer of a material with a low coefficient of blackness.
- This arrangement ensures a considerable further increase of the working travel of the movable member at a constant power, especially in case of a vacuumized body.
- the drive realized in accordance with the present invention is simple to manufacture, has a considerably lighter weight and is much cheaper that the known drives described above.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a section taken along line Il-ll of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 1 with the spring-loaded part being made in the form of a leaf spring;
- FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 1 with a vacuumized body of the drive.
- FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of motions of the drive elements.
- a driving element 2 Accommodated in the drive body 1 (FIGS. 1, 2) is a driving element 2 which is made in the form of a piece of wire coiled over two cylinder-shaped supports 3, 4. In this design either the wire or the support may be insulated.
- the driving element of the drive may also be made of at least one turn of a metal strip or any other type of conductor.
- a part 5 Arranged in the body 1 at an angle a to the driving element 2 is a part 5 one end of which is secured to support 4. The other end of the part 5 is fastened by a joint 6 in the body 1. The end of the part 5 has a rod 7 connecting it with the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9.
- a spring 10 is installed between the body 1 and the part 5 to hold the driving element 2 in a constantly stretched state and constantly stresses the part 5.
- the driving element 2 is connected by wires 11 to a DC. (or AC.) source of power supply (not shown) for elongating it by heating.
- a DC. (or AC.) source of power supply not shown
- the installation of the part 5 at an acute angle a to the driving element 2 increases the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 many times as compared with the elongation of the driving element 2 through heating.
- the part5 and the spring 10 may be replaced by a leaf spring 12 (FIG. 3).
- the spring 12 is installed in the body in such a way that one of its ends mounts the support 4 and the rod 7 which latter connects it with the movable member 8, while its second end is fastened rigidly in the drive body ,1. Provision of such a spring simplifies the design of the drive and reduces its dimensions to a certain extent.
- the drive be located in a pressuretight body 1 as shown in FIG. 4.
- the body I is sealed by a flexible element 13, for example, a bellows.
- the installation of the drive in vacuumized body reduces the heat exchange between the heated driving element 2 and the ambient medium, thereby increasing the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9.
- the wire from which the turns of the driving element 2 are made with a material having a low coefficient of blackness, for example gold or silver.
- coefficient of blackness denotes the ratio of heat radiated by a given body to the amount of heat radiated by a perfectly black body at equal temperatures. If the coefficient of blackness of the turns of the driving element 2 is reduced, the quantity of heat radiated by them is sharply decreased. This ensures additional elongation of the driving element 2 and, consequently, increases the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 at equal power consumptions, compared to a drive whose turns are not coated with a layer of gold or silver.
- the reciprocating drive for the movable member of the shut-off element operates as follows.
- the force of the drive depends on the characteristics of the spring 10.
- the reciprocating drive for the movable member of a shut-off element realized-according to the present in- I means attaching one end of said spring-loaded member vention is ten times lighter and approximately as many times cheaper than an electromagnetic drive consuming the same power, ensuring the same travel of the movable member and developing-the same forces.
- the drive realized according to the present invention is simple to manufacture, reliable in operation and can use both direct and alternating current. Besides, as distinct from an electromagnet, this drive can hold the movable member of the shut-off element in any intermediate position, thus regulating the amount of heat supplied to the driving element 2 of the drive.
- a reciprocal drive for a shut-off element comprising a pressuretight and vacuumized body; a driving element in said body and including at least one wire turn extending along a longitudinal axis, and electricalsupply means connected to the wire turn to heat the same; two supports for said driving element,
- a displaceable actuator member for said shut off member extending within said body; and means coupling the movable support with the actuator member to follow the movement of the support, the latter means comprising a springloaded member disposed on said body at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said driving element,
- said springloaded member comprises a leaf spring whose one end is rigidly secured in the drive body.
- a drive according to claim 1 wherein said springloaded member is in contact with the actuator member at a location remote from the location where the spring-loaded member is attached to said body.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
Abstract
A reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element wherein the driving element 2 made in the form of at least one wire turn heated by a source of electric current and resting on two supports 3, 4 one of which (3) is secured in the body 1 while the second one (4), connected with the movable member, moves when the driving element 2 is elongated due to heating. The second support 4 is fastened to one end of the spring-loaded part 5 whose other end is secured in the body 1. Such an installation of the second support makes it possible to increase several times the travel of the movable member as compared to the elongation of the driving element due to heating. Shown in FIG. 1 is the reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element, realized in accordance with the present invention.
Description
United States Patent Nikitin et al.
[451 Aug. 1, 1972 [54] RECIPROCATING DRIVES FOR THE MOVABLE MEMBERS OF SHUT-OFF ELEMENTS [73] Assignee: Vysshee Tekhnicheskoe Uchilische Im. N. E. Baumana, Moscow, USSR.
[22] Filed: Nov. 10, 1969 [21] Appl. No.: 875,116
[52] US. Cl ..60/23, 251/11 [51] Int. Cl ..F01k 7/06 [58] Field of Search ..60/23; 251/11; 236/68, 101; 73/363, 363.1, 363.3; 337/123, 139, 140
3,142,149 7/1964 Hays ..60/23 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,384,822 6/1958 France ..337/140 Primary Examiner-Martin P. Schwadron Assistant Examiner-A. M. Ostrager Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen [5 7] ABSTRACT A reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element wherein the driving element 2 made in the form of at least one wire turn heated by a source of electric current and resting on two supports 3, 4 one of which (3) is secured in the body 1 while the second one (4), connected with the movable member, moves when the driving element 2 is elongated due to heating. The second support 4 is fastened to one end of the spring-loaded part 5 whose other end is secured in the body 1'. Such an installation of the second support makes it possible to increase several times the travel of the movable member as compared to the elongation of the driving element due to heating.
Shown in FIG. 1 is the reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element, realized in'accordance with the present invention.
5 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures PATENTEDMIC nan 3.680.306
These drives are not suitable for remote control of the reciprocating motion of the movable member in the shut-off element.
Also, widely known are electromagnetic drives wherein the movable member of the shut-off element is actuated by a core located inside an electric coil. The core is pulled into the coil by electromagnetic forces when the coil is energized.
These drives are difficult to manufacture and have large weight. w
An object of the present invention resides eliminating the aforesaid disadvantages.
The main object of the invention is to provide such a reciprocating drive for the movable member of a shutoff element wherein the elengation of the driving element of the drive can be controlled remotely while a small elongation of the movable element will be transformed into aconsiderably larger travel of the movable member of the shut-off element.-
This object is achieved by providing a reciprocating drive for the movable member of ashut-off element comprising a driving element mounted in the body on two supports one of which is secured while the other one is connected to the movable member of the shutoff element and can move-when the driving element of the drive is elongated in which; according to the invention the driving element is made of at least one turn of an electric wire, heated by a source of electric current, the second support being located on one end of the spring-loaded part working in compression and installed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the wire turn, while the other end of said spring-loaded part is secured in the drive body.
It is practicable that the spring-loaded part be made in the form of a leaf spring with one end secured rigidly in the drive body.
Such an arrangement simplifies the design of the drive and somewhat reduces its size. 7
Most efiiciently the present invention can be carried into effect when the drive body is pressuretight and vacuumized. A
Such a design of the body increases the working travel of the movable member without changes in the power consumption, due to the absence of heat transfer by convection.
It is no less practicable that the turns of the driving element be coated with a layer of a material with a low coefficient of blackness.
This arrangement ensures a considerable further increase of the working travel of the movable member at a constant power, especially in case of a vacuumized body.
The drive realized in accordance with the present invention is simple to manufacture, has a considerably lighter weight and is much cheaper that the known drives described above.
Now the invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a reciprocating drive for the movable member of shut-off element according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a section taken along line Il-ll of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 1 with the spring-loaded part being made in the form of a leaf spring;
FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 1 with a vacuumized body of the drive; and
FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of motions of the drive elements.
Accommodated in the drive body 1 (FIGS. 1, 2) is a driving element 2 which is made in the form of a piece of wire coiled over two cylinder- shaped supports 3, 4. In this design either the wire or the support may be insulated.
The driving element of the drive may also be made of at least one turn of a metal strip or any other type of conductor.
Arranged in the body 1 at an angle a to the driving element 2 is a part 5 one end of which is secured to support 4. The other end of the part 5 is fastened by a joint 6 in the body 1. The end of the part 5 has a rod 7 connecting it with the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9.
A spring 10 is installed between the body 1 and the part 5 to hold the driving element 2 in a constantly stretched state and constantly stresses the part 5.
The driving element 2 is connected by wires 11 to a DC. (or AC.) source of power supply (not shown) for elongating it by heating.
The installation of the part 5 at an acute angle a to the driving element 2 increases the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 many times as compared with the elongation of the driving element 2 through heating.
To simplify the design of the drive, the part5 and the spring 10 may be replaced by a leaf spring 12 (FIG. 3). The spring 12 is installed in the body in such a way that one of its ends mounts the support 4 and the rod 7 which latter connects it with the movable member 8, while its second end is fastened rigidly in the drive body ,1. Provision of such a spring simplifies the design of the drive and reduces its dimensions to a certain extent.
In order to still further increase the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 at the same consumption of electric power or to reduce the power consumption for the same travel of the movable member 8, it is preferred that the drive be located in a pressuretight body 1 as shown in FIG. 4.
At-the point where the driving element 2 is connected with the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9, the body I is sealed by a flexible element 13, for example, a bellows.
The installation of the drive in vacuumized body reduces the heat exchange between the heated driving element 2 and the ambient medium, thereby increasing the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9.
For this purpose, it is preferred to coat the wire from which the turns of the driving element 2 are made with a material having a low coefficient of blackness, for example gold or silver. The term coefficient of blackness denotes the ratio of heat radiated by a given body to the amount of heat radiated by a perfectly black body at equal temperatures. If the coefficient of blackness of the turns of the driving element 2 is reduced, the quantity of heat radiated by them is sharply decreased. This ensures additional elongation of the driving element 2 and, consequently, increases the working travel of the movable member 8 of the shut-off element 9 at equal power consumptions, compared to a drive whose turns are not coated with a layer of gold or silver.
The reciprocating drive for the movable member of the shut-off element operates as follows.
Before the driving element 2 is energized, all the parts of the drive occupy positions shown in FIG. 1 and represented graphically in FIG. by triangleABC. As the driving element 2 is energized from the source of power supply (not shown), said element is heated and elongated from the length of AB TO AB As a result, the support 4 moves from point B to point B Being actuated by the spring 10, the part 5 turnsclockwise around the joint 6. The rod 7 moves the movable member 80f the shut-off element 9 downwardly.
The force of the drive depends on the characteristics of the spring 10.
In view of the fact that angle a is'acute, the displacement BB in the direction of movement of the movable member 8 is larger than the elongation of the driving element 2, as seen from the relation CB/AC.
If angle a is diminished, the relation CB/AC increases and,,consequently, the travel of the movable member 8 becomes longer at the same elongation of the driving element 2.
When the power supply is cut off, the driving element 2 cools and becomes shorter. All the parts of the drive move in the direction opposite to that described above.
The reciprocating drive for the movable member of a shut-off element realized-according to the present in- I means attaching one end of said spring-loaded member vention is ten times lighter and approximately as many times cheaper than an electromagnetic drive consuming the same power, ensuring the same travel of the movable member and developing-the same forces. The drive realized according to the present invention is simple to manufacture, reliable in operation and can use both direct and alternating current. Besides, as distinct from an electromagnet, this drive can hold the movable member of the shut-off element in any intermediate position, thus regulating the amount of heat supplied to the driving element 2 of the drive.
What is claimed is:
1. A reciprocal drive for a shut-off element, said drive comprising a pressuretight and vacuumized body; a driving element in said body and including at least one wire turn extending along a longitudinal axis, and electricalsupply means connected to the wire turn to heat the same; two supports for said driving element,
on of hich is securedi said b0 while e othe ne is Free for movement w en the ngth ot said driigng element changes due to heating thereof; a displaceable actuator member for said shut off member extending within said body; and means coupling the movable support with the actuator member to follow the movement of the support, the latter means comprising a springloaded member disposed on said body at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said driving element,
to said body, and means attaching said spring-loaded member to said second support remote from said one end.
2. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said springloaded member comprises a leaf spring whose one end is rigidly secured in the drive body.
3. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said wire turn of the driving element is coated with a layer of a material with a low coefficient of blackness.
4. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said springloaded member is in contact with the actuator member at a location remote from the location where the spring-loaded member is attached to said body.
5. A drive'according to claim 1 wherein said supports are each cylindrical and said wire turn extends around the supports.
Claims (5)
1. A reciprocal drive for a shut-off element, said drive comprising a pressuretight and vacuumized body; a driving element in said body and including at least one wire turn extending along a longitudinal axis, and electrical supply means connected to the wire turn to heat the same; two supports for said driving element, one of which is secured in said body while the other one is free for movement when the length of said driving element changes due to heating thereof; a displaceable actuator member for said shut off member extending within said body; and means coupling the movable support with the actuator member to follow the movement of the support, the latter means comprising a spring-loaded member disposed on said body at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said driving element, means attaching one end of said spring-loaded member to said body, and means attaching said spring-loaded member to said second support remote from said one end.
2. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said spring-loaded member comprises a leaf spring whose one end is rigidly secured in the drive body.
3. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said wire turn of the driving element is coated with a layer of a material with a low coefficient of blackness.
4. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said spring-loaded member is in contact with the actuator member at a location remote from the location where the spring-loaded member is attached to said body.
5. A drive according to claim 1 wherein said supports are each cylindrical and said wire turn extends around the supports.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87511669A | 1969-11-10 | 1969-11-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3680306A true US3680306A (en) | 1972-08-01 |
Family
ID=25365227
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US875116A Expired - Lifetime US3680306A (en) | 1969-11-10 | 1969-11-10 | Reciprocating drives for the movable members of shut-off elements |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3680306A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4219181A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-08-26 | Joelson Karl Evert | Fluid flow governing valve means |
| US5083439A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-01-28 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Control device having a shape memory wire, refrigerator system utilizing the control device and methods of making the same |
| EP0539571A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1993-05-05 | Blue Sky Research, Inc. | Dynamic shearing interferometer |
| US5685148A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-11-11 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation Ag | Drive apparatus |
| US6279869B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-08-28 | Tadeusz Olewicz | Proportional flow control valve |
| US6371165B1 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2002-04-16 | Joseph S. Manne | Dynamic alloy wire valve for a multimedia linked scent delivery system |
| US6494225B1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2002-12-17 | Ecp Family Properties | Proportional flow control valve |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US952778A (en) * | 1908-03-20 | 1910-03-22 | Abbot A Low | Electrically-operated means for producing mechanical movements. |
| US2030932A (en) * | 1932-10-17 | 1936-02-18 | Penn Electric Switch Co | Control device |
| US2203719A (en) * | 1938-03-14 | 1940-06-11 | Edgar B Leaverton | Electrothermal motor |
| US2354655A (en) * | 1941-06-27 | 1944-08-01 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Thermostatic device |
| US2746293A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-05-22 | Sun Oil Co | Apparatus for determination of average temperature of fluids in storage |
| US2787118A (en) * | 1953-03-09 | 1957-04-02 | Missouri Automatic Contr Corp | Electrothermal control actuator |
| US2956397A (en) * | 1960-10-18 | hottenroth | ||
| US3142149A (en) * | 1962-05-16 | 1964-07-28 | Gen Electric | Drive mechanism |
| FR1384822A (en) * | 1963-11-28 | 1965-01-08 | Method of fixing a taut heating wire |
-
1969
- 1969-11-10 US US875116A patent/US3680306A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2956397A (en) * | 1960-10-18 | hottenroth | ||
| US952778A (en) * | 1908-03-20 | 1910-03-22 | Abbot A Low | Electrically-operated means for producing mechanical movements. |
| US2030932A (en) * | 1932-10-17 | 1936-02-18 | Penn Electric Switch Co | Control device |
| US2203719A (en) * | 1938-03-14 | 1940-06-11 | Edgar B Leaverton | Electrothermal motor |
| US2354655A (en) * | 1941-06-27 | 1944-08-01 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Thermostatic device |
| US2746293A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-05-22 | Sun Oil Co | Apparatus for determination of average temperature of fluids in storage |
| US2787118A (en) * | 1953-03-09 | 1957-04-02 | Missouri Automatic Contr Corp | Electrothermal control actuator |
| US3142149A (en) * | 1962-05-16 | 1964-07-28 | Gen Electric | Drive mechanism |
| FR1384822A (en) * | 1963-11-28 | 1965-01-08 | Method of fixing a taut heating wire |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4219181A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-08-26 | Joelson Karl Evert | Fluid flow governing valve means |
| US5083439A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-01-28 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Control device having a shape memory wire, refrigerator system utilizing the control device and methods of making the same |
| EP0539571A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1993-05-05 | Blue Sky Research, Inc. | Dynamic shearing interferometer |
| EP0539571A4 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1993-12-15 | Blue Sky Research, Inc. | Dynamic shearing interferometer |
| US5685148A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-11-11 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation Ag | Drive apparatus |
| US6371165B1 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2002-04-16 | Joseph S. Manne | Dynamic alloy wire valve for a multimedia linked scent delivery system |
| US6279869B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-08-28 | Tadeusz Olewicz | Proportional flow control valve |
| US6494225B1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2002-12-17 | Ecp Family Properties | Proportional flow control valve |
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