US3436512A - Method of spray coating gas seals of gas turbines and the like - Google Patents
Method of spray coating gas seals of gas turbines and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3436512A US3436512A US542227A US3436512DA US3436512A US 3436512 A US3436512 A US 3436512A US 542227 A US542227 A US 542227A US 3436512D A US3436512D A US 3436512DA US 3436512 A US3436512 A US 3436512A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- gas
- cobalt
- spray coating
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to methods for coating gas seals of gas turbines, and for other purposes.
- Patent No. 3,265,494, of James F. Baldwin and Arthur T. Cape an alloy is described, known as Coast Metals No. 64, which is a cobalt-base alloy containing substantial amounts of chromium, tungsten and nickel.
- the alloy is especially adapted for high temperature use, as, for example, for coating the gas seal of a gas turbine.
- the alloy has a melting point of about 2500 F., and a hardness of 50-60 Rockwell C, and when deposited on such seal is so hard that the turbine blades become worn as a result of their rubbing against the deposit.
- the foregoing alloy, in powder form is mixed with cobalt, in powder form, to the extent that the cobalt powder constitutes from to 60% by weight of the mixture, that the mixture, when sprayed by a plasma arc gun onto the gas seal, forms a coating which consists of unmelted cobalt particles held in a matrix of the alloy, which coating is of such a nature that it greatly reduces the wear of the turbine blades.
- the coating has a hardness of about 35-40 Rockwell C.
- the alloy particles are melted, or partially melted, but the cobalt particles remain unmelted, and are held tightly in the matrix formed by the alloy particles.
- the cobalt particles supply a soft material, in an otherwise hard mass, thus reducing the tendency to wear the ends of the turbine blades.
- the coating is thus highly desirable, not only from the viewpoint of adherence to the gas seal, but also from the viewpoint of reducing the wearing or cutting of the turbine blades.
- cobalt powder in the mixture, powders other than cobalt may be used, such, for example, as tungsten powder, chromium powder, nickel powder, molybdenum powder, and iron powder, the only limitation, in this respect, being that such powder have a melting point higher than that of the No. 64 alloy, and the property of not reacting rapidly with the molten or semi-molten N0. 64 during the deposition.
- the invention is applicable generally to all cobalt-base alloys containing chromium and tungsten, with or without 3,436,512 Patented Apr. 1, 1969 nickel. Examples of such alloys are Coast Metals No. 63, Stellite No. 1, Stellite No. 6.
- the invention is also of advantage in all applications where the alloys per se are as hard as those described, but the addition of the cobalt or other powder provides a coating in which the high temperature properties of the alloy per se are retained while maintaining the advantages of a deposit more able to withstand impact, without deterioration of the resistance of the deposit to lead oxide corrosion or oxidation.
- the invention is applicable to the facing of the seating portions of poppet valves, especially those which are used in internal combustion engines.
- the method which comprises spraying onto a surface to be coated, by means of a plasma arc gun, a mixture consisting of (A) a first powder of a cobalt-base alloy containing chromium and tungsten, and (B) a second pow der selected from the group consisting of cobalt powder, tungsten powder, chromium powder, nickel powder, and iron powder, in an amount constituting from 15% to 60% by weight of the mixture, the melting point of the first powder being lower than the melting point of the second powder, the spraying being conducted under temperature conditions such that the cobalt-base alloy powder is melted or partially melted, but the other powder remains unmelted and the particles thereof are held tightly in a matrix of the melted or partially melted material, and supply a soft material, in an otherwise hard mass.
- the method which comprises spraying onto the gas seal of a gas turbine, by means of a plasma arc gun, a mixture consisting of (A) a first powder of a cobaltbase alloy containing chromium and tungsten, and (B) a second powder selected from the group consisting of cobalt powder, tungsten powder, chromium powder, nickel powder, and iron powder, in an amount constituting from 15% to 60% by weight of the mixture, the melting point of the first powder being lower than the melting point of the second powder, the spraying being conducted under temperature conditions such that the cobalt-base alloy powder is melted or partially melted, but the other powder remains unmelted, and the particles thereof are held tightly in a matrix of the melted or partially melted material, and supply a soft material, in an otherwise hard mass, thereby reducing the tendency to wear the ends of the turbine blades when rubbing against said coated gas seal.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Int. Cl. $23k 9/04; C22c 19/00; C0911 /10 U.S. Cl. 219-76 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method, especially useful for coating the gas seals :of gas .turbines, in which mixtures of powders are sprayed, by means of a plasma arc gun, onto the surface to be coated, under temperature conditions such that one of the powders is melted or partially melted to provide a matrix, and the other powder remains unmelted, but the particles thereof are held tightly in the matrix, to supply a soft material in an otherwise hard mass.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my co pending application, Ser. No. 459,075,, filed May 26, 1965, now abandoned.
This invention relates generally to methods for coating gas seals of gas turbines, and for other purposes.
In Patent No. 3,265,494, of James F. Baldwin and Arthur T. Cape, an alloy is described, known as Coast Metals No. 64, which is a cobalt-base alloy containing substantial amounts of chromium, tungsten and nickel. The alloy is especially adapted for high temperature use, as, for example, for coating the gas seal of a gas turbine. The alloy has a melting point of about 2500 F., and a hardness of 50-60 Rockwell C, and when deposited on such seal is so hard that the turbine blades become worn as a result of their rubbing against the deposit.
I have found that if the foregoing alloy, in powder form, is mixed with cobalt, in powder form, to the extent that the cobalt powder constitutes from to 60% by weight of the mixture, that the mixture, when sprayed by a plasma arc gun onto the gas seal, forms a coating which consists of unmelted cobalt particles held in a matrix of the alloy, which coating is of such a nature that it greatly reduces the wear of the turbine blades. The coating has a hardness of about 35-40 Rockwell C.
In spraying the mixture by means of a plasma arc gun, the alloy particles are melted, or partially melted, but the cobalt particles remain unmelted, and are held tightly in the matrix formed by the alloy particles. In eflect, the cobalt particles supply a soft material, in an otherwise hard mass, thus reducing the tendency to wear the ends of the turbine blades.
The coating is thus highly desirable, not only from the viewpoint of adherence to the gas seal, but also from the viewpoint of reducing the wearing or cutting of the turbine blades.
Although it is preferred to use cobalt powder in the mixture, powders other than cobalt may be used, such, for example, as tungsten powder, chromium powder, nickel powder, molybdenum powder, and iron powder, the only limitation, in this respect, being that such powder have a melting point higher than that of the No. 64 alloy, and the property of not reacting rapidly with the molten or semi-molten N0. 64 during the deposition.
The invention is applicable generally to all cobalt-base alloys containing chromium and tungsten, with or without 3,436,512 Patented Apr. 1, 1969 nickel. Examples of such alloys are Coast Metals No. 63, Stellite No. 1, Stellite No. 6.
The invention is also of advantage in all applications where the alloys per se are as hard as those described, but the addition of the cobalt or other powder provides a coating in which the high temperature properties of the alloy per se are retained while maintaining the advantages of a deposit more able to withstand impact, without deterioration of the resistance of the deposit to lead oxide corrosion or oxidation.
For example, the invention is applicable to the facing of the seating portions of poppet valves, especially those which are used in internal combustion engines.
It will be understood that various changes may be made in the methods, without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. The method which comprises spraying onto a surface to be coated, by means of a plasma arc gun, a mixture consisting of (A) a first powder of a cobalt-base alloy containing chromium and tungsten, and (B) a second pow der selected from the group consisting of cobalt powder, tungsten powder, chromium powder, nickel powder, and iron powder, in an amount constituting from 15% to 60% by weight of the mixture, the melting point of the first powder being lower than the melting point of the second powder, the spraying being conducted under temperature conditions such that the cobalt-base alloy powder is melted or partially melted, but the other powder remains unmelted and the particles thereof are held tightly in a matrix of the melted or partially melted material, and supply a soft material, in an otherwise hard mass.
2. The method which comprises spraying onto the gas seal of a gas turbine, by means of a plasma arc gun, a mixture consisting of (A) a first powder of a cobaltbase alloy containing chromium and tungsten, and (B) a second powder selected from the group consisting of cobalt powder, tungsten powder, chromium powder, nickel powder, and iron powder, in an amount constituting from 15% to 60% by weight of the mixture, the melting point of the first powder being lower than the melting point of the second powder, the spraying being conducted under temperature conditions such that the cobalt-base alloy powder is melted or partially melted, but the other powder remains unmelted, and the particles thereof are held tightly in a matrix of the melted or partially melted material, and supply a soft material, in an otherwise hard mass, thereby reducing the tendency to wear the ends of the turbine blades when rubbing against said coated gas seal.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,000,755 9/1961 Hanink et a1 117-131 X 3,035,934 5/1962 Cape 117-22 3,249,428 5/1966 Weisman -171 3,265,494 8/1966 Baldwin et al 75-171 3,310,423 3/1967 Ingham 219-76 X 3,313,633 4/1967 Longo 106-1 3,322,546 5/1967 Tanzman et a1 117-1052 X 3,362,816 1/1968 Winter et al 75-171 FOREIGN PATENTS 672,841 10/1963 Canada.
RICHARD M. WOOD, Primary Examiner. C. L. ALBRITTON, Assistant Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R. 75-170, 171, 176; 106-1; 117-22, 93,
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54222766A | 1966-04-13 | 1966-04-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3436512A true US3436512A (en) | 1969-04-01 |
Family
ID=24162871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US542227A Expired - Lifetime US3436512A (en) | 1966-04-13 | 1966-04-13 | Method of spray coating gas seals of gas turbines and the like |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3436512A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3961098A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1976-06-01 | General Electric Company | Coated article and method and material of coating |
| US3984044A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1976-10-05 | Composite Sciences, Inc. | Retention means for mechanical separation and process of making same |
| US4155152A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-05-22 | Matthew Bernardo | Method of restoring the shrouds of turbine blades |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3000755A (en) * | 1956-10-11 | 1961-09-19 | Gen Motors Corp | Oxidation-resistant turbine blades |
| US3035934A (en) * | 1957-05-13 | 1962-05-22 | Coast Metals Inc | Application of cobalt-base alloys to metal parts |
| CA672841A (en) * | 1963-10-22 | Coast Metals | Application of cobalt base alloys to metal parts | |
| US3249428A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1966-05-03 | Howe Sound Co | Tool alloy |
| US3265494A (en) * | 1964-04-03 | 1966-08-09 | Coast Metals Inc | Alloys for high temperature use containing chromium, tungsten, nickel, cobalt |
| US3310423A (en) * | 1963-08-27 | 1967-03-21 | Metco Inc | Flame spraying employing laser heating |
| US3313633A (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1967-04-11 | Metco Inc | High temperature flame spray powder |
| US3322546A (en) * | 1964-04-27 | 1967-05-30 | Eutectic Welding Alloys | Alloy powder for flame spraying |
| US3362816A (en) * | 1963-06-22 | 1968-01-09 | Fed Republic Of Germany | Cobalt alloy |
-
1966
- 1966-04-13 US US542227A patent/US3436512A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA672841A (en) * | 1963-10-22 | Coast Metals | Application of cobalt base alloys to metal parts | |
| US3000755A (en) * | 1956-10-11 | 1961-09-19 | Gen Motors Corp | Oxidation-resistant turbine blades |
| US3035934A (en) * | 1957-05-13 | 1962-05-22 | Coast Metals Inc | Application of cobalt-base alloys to metal parts |
| US3362816A (en) * | 1963-06-22 | 1968-01-09 | Fed Republic Of Germany | Cobalt alloy |
| US3313633A (en) * | 1963-07-24 | 1967-04-11 | Metco Inc | High temperature flame spray powder |
| US3310423A (en) * | 1963-08-27 | 1967-03-21 | Metco Inc | Flame spraying employing laser heating |
| US3249428A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1966-05-03 | Howe Sound Co | Tool alloy |
| US3265494A (en) * | 1964-04-03 | 1966-08-09 | Coast Metals Inc | Alloys for high temperature use containing chromium, tungsten, nickel, cobalt |
| US3322546A (en) * | 1964-04-27 | 1967-05-30 | Eutectic Welding Alloys | Alloy powder for flame spraying |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3961098A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1976-06-01 | General Electric Company | Coated article and method and material of coating |
| US3984044A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1976-10-05 | Composite Sciences, Inc. | Retention means for mechanical separation and process of making same |
| US4155152A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1979-05-22 | Matthew Bernardo | Method of restoring the shrouds of turbine blades |
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