US3354188A - Method of refining liquid fats and oils - Google Patents

Method of refining liquid fats and oils Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3354188A
US3354188A US361216A US36121664A US3354188A US 3354188 A US3354188 A US 3354188A US 361216 A US361216 A US 361216A US 36121664 A US36121664 A US 36121664A US 3354188 A US3354188 A US 3354188A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
acid
refining
agent
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US361216A
Inventor
Bock Helmut
Hommers Hermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3354188A publication Critical patent/US3354188A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter

Definitions

  • Crude oils and liquid fats of vegetable or animal origin usually require refining for removal of such undesired components as suspended solid particles, colorants, and free fatty acid. It is conventional to admix alkaline compounds which combine with the free fatty acids to form soaps. The mixture is treated with solid, particulate adsorbents such as fullers earth or activated charcoal, filtered, and may then be subjected to steam distillation in a fairly high vacuum to remove most of the odoriferous constituents.
  • the refining agents which have been employed successfully in my method include the mineral acids, including sulfuric acid and solutions of sulphur dioxide (sulfurous acid), phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and their salts such as sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphates, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and also their anhydrides, for example, acetic anhydride.
  • mineral acids including sulfuric acid and solutions of sulphur dioxide (sulfurous acid), phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and their salts such as sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphates, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and also their anhydrides, for example, acetic anhydride.
  • Suitable surface active emulsifying agents include the commercially available monoand diglycerides of naturally occurring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, sulfates and sulfonates of fatty alcohols, non-ionic surfactants such as those derived from ethylene oxide, and cationic surface active compounds such as the well known long chain amine salts.
  • I first combine the refining agent with the emulsifying agent and with Water, if water is employed as a diluent or solvent.
  • the sequence of mixing the refining agent, the emulsifying agent, and the water, if any, will readily suggest itslf to those skilled in the art.
  • the mixture is then stirred with the oil that it is desired to refine. It is also possible first to disperse the emulsifying agent in the oil and then to admix the refining agent together with any water used,
  • the amount of suspended refining agent is small, fullers earth, activated clay, charcoal, or a similar solid adsorbent having a high effective surface-to-weight ratio may be admixed to the oil while it contains the refining agent so that the suspended phase is retained on the solid adsorbent together with certain impurities.
  • filter aids such as diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) or asbestos fibers are admixed to the oil, and the mixture is filtered.
  • the aforementioned adsorbent is similarly removed by filtration. In either case, the excess of refining agent, any water present and not dissolved in the oil phase, and virtually all of the emulsifying agent is removed from the oil by the filtration step.
  • the method of the invention has been employed successfully with soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, fish oils, whale oil, and mustard oil.
  • Separation of the refining agent from the oil may be followed by steam distillation in a vacuum in a manner conventional in itself.
  • the fatty acids removed there-by are of high purity, show good color, and are free from contaminants.
  • the steam distillation process is readily conducted in such a manner as to hold the amount of neutral oil in the fatty acids to a minimum.
  • the resulting emulsion readily dispersed in 1000 parts crude coconut oil containing 4.6% free fatty acids and having a temperature of 30 C.
  • a uniform emulsion of the water-in-oil type was formed thereby.
  • Fifteen parts fullers earth were then admixed, and the temperature was raised to 94 C. over a period of several hours while stirring continued. The hot mixture was filtered.
  • the filtrate was clear. It was subjected to steam distillation for four hours at 237 C. at a pressure of 4 mm. Hg. Fatty acids and odor-causing volatile constituents were thereby removed. The residue contained 0.06% free fatty acid. It included 97.3% of the neutral oil originally present. The product met all requirements for refined coconut oil of high quality.
  • the distillate was light in color, and free from objectionable contaminants. It consisted essentially of free fatty acid containing 19% neutral coconut oil. The small amount of neutral oil not accounted for in the distillate and in the distillation residue was found adsorbed on the fullers earth. It was recovered therefrom by solvent extraction.
  • a method of refining a liquid oil which comprises emulsifying in said oil an effective amount of a refining agent in the presence of an emulsifying agent, said refining agent being substantially insoluble in said oil, and being a liquid having a pH not substantially higher than 7 adsorbing the emulsified refining agent on a particulate solid; and separating said solid having said refining agent adsorbed thereon from said oil.
  • a method of refining a crude edible oil which comprises:
  • a refining agent selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, alkali metal salts of said acids having a pH not substantially greater than 7, and acetic anhydride, or an aqueous solution of said refining agent in the presence of a sufficient amount of an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion, the agent or the aqueous solution thereof constituting the'dispersed phase of said emulsion and said oil constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion;
  • a refining agent selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, alkali metal salts of said acids having a pH not substantially greater than 7, and acetic anhydride, or an aqueous solution of said refining agent in the presence of a sufficient

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 6 Claims. (of. 260-424) This invention relates to the refining of vegetable and animal oils and fats in the liquid state, and more particularly to the refining of edible fats and oils.
Crude oils and liquid fats of vegetable or animal origin, referred to jointly hereinafter as oil, usually require refining for removal of such undesired components as suspended solid particles, colorants, and free fatty acid. It is conventional to admix alkaline compounds which combine with the free fatty acids to form soaps. The mixture is treated with solid, particulate adsorbents such as fullers earth or activated charcoal, filtered, and may then be subjected to steam distillation in a fairly high vacuum to remove most of the odoriferous constituents.
The afore-described conventional process inevitably causes some saponification of the desired glycerides together with the fatty acids. The glyceride losses are sutficiently high to affect the economics of the process.
It was therefore proposed heretofore to employ acids, acid salts, or strongly dissociated neutral salts in aqueous solution for refining crude oils. A saponification of glycerides is readily avoided with such refining agents. It has been found difiicult, however, to obtain adequate removal of contaminants when the time of contact between the liquid product and the refining acid or salt solution is reasonably short. Mechanical agitation is not effective in accelerating the reaction to the necessary extent. Unless a very large excess of refining agent is used in conjunction with intensive mechanical mixing, the results obtained within practical processing periods are disappointing.
I have found that relatively small amounts of acids, acid salts, or strong electrolytes whose pH is not much above 7 may be employed over a short period of contact in the refining of oils if the refining agent is dispersed colloidally in the glyceride material to form an emulsion the dispersed phase of which includes the refining agent. The emulsion may be produced and maintained by means of any suitable surface active agent.
The refining agents which have been employed successfully in my method include the mineral acids, including sulfuric acid and solutions of sulphur dioxide (sulfurous acid), phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and their salts such as sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen phosphates, organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and also their anhydrides, for example, acetic anhydride.
Suitable surface active emulsifying agents include the commercially available monoand diglycerides of naturally occurring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, sulfates and sulfonates of fatty alcohols, non-ionic surfactants such as those derived from ethylene oxide, and cationic surface active compounds such as the well known long chain amine salts.
In carrying out the method of my invention, I first combine the refining agent with the emulsifying agent and with Water, if water is employed as a diluent or solvent. The sequence of mixing the refining agent, the emulsifying agent, and the water, if any, will readily suggest itslf to those skilled in the art. The mixture is then stirred with the oil that it is desired to refine. It is also possible first to disperse the emulsifying agent in the oil and then to admix the refining agent together with any water used,
3,354,188 Patented N av. 21, 1967 whereby a water-in-oil type emulsion is formed in which the oil phase is continuous, whereas the dispersed phase contains the water and refining agent which are practical ly insoluble in the oil.
If the amount of suspended refining agent is small, fullers earth, activated clay, charcoal, or a similar solid adsorbent having a high effective surface-to-weight ratio may be admixed to the oil while it contains the refining agent so that the suspended phase is retained on the solid adsorbent together with certain impurities.
If removal of coloring constituents is not necessary, or if it is to be carried out separately, filter aids such as diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) or asbestos fibers are admixed to the oil, and the mixture is filtered. The aforementioned adsorbent is similarly removed by filtration. In either case, the excess of refining agent, any water present and not dissolved in the oil phase, and virtually all of the emulsifying agent is removed from the oil by the filtration step.
If filtering is not practical, decantation, centrifugal separation, and similar processes may be resorted to in a known manner.
The method of the invention has been employed successfully with soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, fish oils, whale oil, and mustard oil.
Separation of the refining agent from the oil may be followed by steam distillation in a vacuum in a manner conventional in itself. The fatty acids removed there-by are of high purity, show good color, and are free from contaminants. The steam distillation process is readily conducted in such a manner as to hold the amount of neutral oil in the fatty acids to a minimum.
The following example is further illustrative of the instant invention, but it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.
Example Five parts 70% phosphoric acid and five parts glycerol monostearate as an emulsifiying agent were intimately mixed with each other. The resulting emulsion readily dispersed in 1000 parts crude coconut oil containing 4.6% free fatty acids and having a temperature of 30 C. A uniform emulsion of the water-in-oil type was formed thereby. Fifteen parts fullers earth were then admixed, and the temperature was raised to 94 C. over a period of several hours while stirring continued. The hot mixture was filtered.
The filtrate was clear. It was subjected to steam distillation for four hours at 237 C. at a pressure of 4 mm. Hg. Fatty acids and odor-causing volatile constituents were thereby removed. The residue contained 0.06% free fatty acid. It included 97.3% of the neutral oil originally present. The product met all requirements for refined coconut oil of high quality.
The distillate was light in color, and free from objectionable contaminants. It consisted essentially of free fatty acid containing 19% neutral coconut oil. The small amount of neutral oil not accounted for in the distillate and in the distillation residue was found adsorbed on the fullers earth. It was recovered therefrom by solvent extraction.
The dispersion of chemical bleaching agents together with the refining agents of the invention is advantageous where the nature of the refining agent and the bleaching agent permits, and will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
While the invention has been described with particular reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that it is not limited thereto, but is to be construed broadly and restricted solely by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of refining a liquid oil which comprises emulsifying in said oil an effective amount of a refining agent in the presence of an emulsifying agent, said refining agent being substantially insoluble in said oil, and being a liquid having a pH not substantially higher than 7 adsorbing the emulsified refining agent on a particulate solid; and separating said solid having said refining agent adsorbed thereon from said oil.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said refining agent is an aqueous solution of an acid.
3. A method as set forth in claim 2, wherein said emulsifying agent is glycerol monostearate, and said acid is phosphoric acid.
4. A method of refining a crude edible oil which comprises:
(a) dispersing in said oil in the liquid state an effective amount of a refining agent selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, alkali metal salts of said acids having a pH not substantially greater than 7, and acetic anhydride, or an aqueous solution of said refining agent in the presence of a sufficient amount of an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion, the agent or the aqueous solution thereof constituting the'dispersed phase of said emulsion and said oil constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion;
(b) adsorbing said dispersed phase on a particulate solid; and
(c) separating said solid having said dispersed phase adsorbed thereon from said continuous phase.
5. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein said oil is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, linseed oil, fish oil, whale oil, or mustard oil.
6. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the separated continuous phase is subjected to steam distillation.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,525,702 10/ 1950 Mattikow 260420 2,694,082 11/ 1954 Palmqvist 260-424 HENRY R. JILES, Acting Primary Examiner. R. BOYD, A. M. TIGHE, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 4. A METHOD OF REFINING A CRUDE EDIBLE OIL WHICH COMPRISES: (A) DISPERSING IN SAID OIL IN THE LIQUID STATE AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A REFINING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SULFURIC ACID, SULFUROUS ACID, PHOSPHORIC ACID, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, FORMIC ACID, ACETIC ACID, OXALIC ACID, CITRIC ACID, ALKALI METAL SALTS OF SAID ACIDS HAVING A PH NOT SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER THAN 7, AND ACETIC ANHYDRIDE, OR AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SAID REFINING AGENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF AN EMULSIFYING AGENT TO FORM AN EMULSION, THE AGENT OR THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION THEREOF CONSTITUTING THE DISPERSED PHASE OF SAID EMULSION AND SAID OIL CONSTITUTING THE CONTINUOUS PHASE OF THE EMULSION; (B) ADSORBING SAID DISPERSED PHASE ON A PARTICULATE SOLID; AND (C) SEPARATING SAID SOLID HAVING SAID DISPERSED PHASE ADSORBED THEREON FROM SAID CONTINUOUS PHASE.
US361216A 1963-04-19 1964-04-20 Method of refining liquid fats and oils Expired - Lifetime US3354188A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB71560A DE1214818B (en) 1963-04-19 1963-04-19 Process for refining fats and oils

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3354188A true US3354188A (en) 1967-11-21

Family

ID=6977085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US361216A Expired - Lifetime US3354188A (en) 1963-04-19 1964-04-20 Method of refining liquid fats and oils

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3354188A (en)
DE (1) DE1214818B (en)
NL (1) NL6404015A (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3857866A (en) * 1973-06-08 1974-12-31 Hunt Wesson Foods Inc Process for improving the thermal stability of soybean oil
US4113752A (en) * 1971-09-23 1978-09-12 Showa Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for refining of palm oils
US4154750A (en) * 1977-02-17 1979-05-15 Calgon Corporation Activated carbon improved vegetable oil refining process
US4156031A (en) * 1975-07-07 1979-05-22 General Foods Corporation Stabilization of purified coffee oil
EP0092439A1 (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-10-26 Unilever N.V. Refining
US4609500A (en) * 1981-10-15 1986-09-02 Cpc International Inc. Refining of oil and product thereof
US5252762A (en) * 1991-04-03 1993-10-12 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Use of base-treated inorganic porous adsorbents for removal of contaminants
US5714094A (en) * 1994-07-23 1998-02-03 Nestec S.A. Antioxidant composition and process for the preparation thereof
WO2006096872A2 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Cargill, Incorporated Separation of sunflower oil and wax
US20100242340A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-09-30 Alain Brice Niama Non-polluting conversion of wood to renewable oil from which can be derived an assortment of ecological energy fuel and multi-purpose products
US20100287823A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2010-11-18 Manoranjan Misra Methods, systems, and apparatus for obtaining biofuel from coffee and fuels produced therefrom
WO2019241269A1 (en) * 2018-06-11 2019-12-19 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses
US11008531B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-05-18 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
US11987832B2 (en) 2020-08-06 2024-05-21 Poet Research, Inc. Endogenous lipase for metal reduction in distillers corn oil

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2525702A (en) * 1948-10-22 1950-10-10 Benjamin Clayton Purification of oil
US2694082A (en) * 1951-04-04 1954-11-09 Separator Ab Method of continuously refining fatty oils with an inorganic acid

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB341390A (en) * 1929-07-05 1931-01-05 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in the separation of impurities from oils and fats
GB384511A (en) * 1931-07-27 1932-12-08 Bosch Robert Improvements in or relating to portable electric grinding, drilling and like machines
US2544725A (en) * 1947-05-19 1951-03-13 Lever Brothers Ltd Method of refining glyceride oils

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2525702A (en) * 1948-10-22 1950-10-10 Benjamin Clayton Purification of oil
US2694082A (en) * 1951-04-04 1954-11-09 Separator Ab Method of continuously refining fatty oils with an inorganic acid

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4113752A (en) * 1971-09-23 1978-09-12 Showa Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for refining of palm oils
US3857866A (en) * 1973-06-08 1974-12-31 Hunt Wesson Foods Inc Process for improving the thermal stability of soybean oil
US4156031A (en) * 1975-07-07 1979-05-22 General Foods Corporation Stabilization of purified coffee oil
US4154750A (en) * 1977-02-17 1979-05-15 Calgon Corporation Activated carbon improved vegetable oil refining process
US4609500A (en) * 1981-10-15 1986-09-02 Cpc International Inc. Refining of oil and product thereof
EP0092439A1 (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-10-26 Unilever N.V. Refining
WO1983003843A1 (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-11-10 Unilever Nv Refining
US4533501A (en) * 1982-04-21 1985-08-06 Lever Brothers Company Refining
US5252762A (en) * 1991-04-03 1993-10-12 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Use of base-treated inorganic porous adsorbents for removal of contaminants
US5714094A (en) * 1994-07-23 1998-02-03 Nestec S.A. Antioxidant composition and process for the preparation thereof
WO2006096872A2 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Cargill, Incorporated Separation of sunflower oil and wax
WO2006096872A3 (en) * 2005-03-09 2007-08-02 Cargill Inc Separation of sunflower oil and wax
US20100287823A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2010-11-18 Manoranjan Misra Methods, systems, and apparatus for obtaining biofuel from coffee and fuels produced therefrom
US8591605B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2013-11-26 Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education, On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada, Reno Methods, systems, and apparatus for obtaining biofuel from coffee and fuels produced therefrom
US20100242340A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-09-30 Alain Brice Niama Non-polluting conversion of wood to renewable oil from which can be derived an assortment of ecological energy fuel and multi-purpose products
US11008531B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-05-18 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
WO2019241269A1 (en) * 2018-06-11 2019-12-19 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses
US10851327B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2020-12-01 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses
US11530369B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2022-12-20 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition
US11912958B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2024-02-27 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition
US11952553B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2024-04-09 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition
US11987832B2 (en) 2020-08-06 2024-05-21 Poet Research, Inc. Endogenous lipase for metal reduction in distillers corn oil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1214818B (en) 1966-04-21
NL6404015A (en) 1964-10-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3354188A (en) Method of refining liquid fats and oils
EP0348004B1 (en) Method of refining glyceride oils
RU2033422C1 (en) Aqueous agent for refining of vegetable or animal oil from phosphorus- and iron-containing components
JP2937746B2 (en) Oil and fat refining method
Hvolby Removal of nonhydratable phospholipids from soybean oil
US4280962A (en) Methods for refining oils and fats
GB1572072A (en) Process for producing lower alcohol esters of fatty acids
GB2089793A (en) A process for the simplified production of light-coloured washing-active a-sulfofatty acid esters
NO146435B (en) PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF GUM FROM TRIGLYCERY OILS
DE3519429A1 (en) METHOD FOR THE RESTORATION OF FATS AND OILS AND ENZYMPREPAIR
JP2709736B2 (en) Oil and fat refining method
US4162260A (en) Oil purification by adding hydratable phosphatides
US2525702A (en) Purification of oil
EP0259918B1 (en) Process for preparing refined oil
US2416146A (en) Refining fats and oils
US2285337A (en) Process of producing sulphonated products
JP2709730B2 (en) Degumming method for fats and oils
US2255875A (en) Process of refining vitaminiferous oils
GB2058121A (en) Methods for refining oils and fats
EP0099201B1 (en) Process for refining triglyceride oils
US2694082A (en) Method of continuously refining fatty oils with an inorganic acid
US3440253A (en) Method of refining vegetable and animal oils
US2371307A (en) Purification of organic compounds
US2739164A (en) Refining of glyceride oils
US1928613A (en) Treating oil