US3200388A - Water leakage alarm system - Google Patents

Water leakage alarm system Download PDF

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US3200388A
US3200388A US49328A US4932860A US3200388A US 3200388 A US3200388 A US 3200388A US 49328 A US49328 A US 49328A US 4932860 A US4932860 A US 4932860A US 3200388 A US3200388 A US 3200388A
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water
armature
water leakage
core
electrodes
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US49328A
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Max R Uhlig
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Safran Seats USA LLC
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Weber Aircraft LLC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/042—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid
    • G01M3/045—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/08—Liquid supply or discharge arrangements
    • D06F39/081—Safety arrangements for preventing water damage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved signalling systems and in particular to a new and improved system for producing a signal in response to an accumulation of water under undesirable conditions such as, for example, below washing machines and other similar appliances.
  • the system involves an alarm comprising a transformer having its primary winding connected to a suitable A.C. source and having its secondary winding connected to a pair of electrodes.
  • a substantially non-conductive path exists between such electrodes but such path is made sufficiently conductive in the presence of water to load the transformer and produce a relatively large amount of magnetic flux in the core of the transformer.
  • Such relatively large flux causes vibration of a spring-mounted armature to produce a noise signal.
  • This noise signal is amplified by a sounding board effect which is accomplished by mounting a transformer core on a suitable resonating housing.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character in which a signal alarm may be actuated by one of a plurality of electrode systems placed under corresponding appliances where water leakage may possibly be expected.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character which is relatively simple and inexpensive.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character in which the electrodes, after wetting, may be reconditioned for subsequent use.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character in which the sensing element is supplied with relatively low voltage so as to minimize any danger from electric shock or fire hazard.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a system embodying features of the present invention in relationship to an appliance illustrated for purposes of exemplificaton as a closed washing machine.
  • FlGURE 2 illustrates the electrical circuitry and general physical arrangement of the electrical elements in the system shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is generally a sectional view taken on the line 33 in FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the system associated with a closed washing machine although it is understood, of course, that the system may be associated with any other appliance or apparatus which in use may possibly leak a fluid.
  • the system may be used to detect leakage of fluid from a mal functioning appliance such as a hot water heater, an elec tric dish Washer, a Wash basin or the like.
  • the present system is particularly useful in these instances since due to faulty fabrication, installation or wear, it is observed that appliances of this class are often located in such a manner that small leaks are not visible but remain unnoticed until extensive damage occurs. These conditions are obviated by the present system which senses the water leakage and causes an audible alarm to be produced.
  • the water-sensing means is positioned, for example, in a tray or water receptacle 11 and such sensing element comprises a pair of electrodes 12 and 13 preferably in the form of cantilever-supported spring elements having adjacent ends thereof secured in an insulating block 14 as, for example, by molding the spring electrode elements 12 and 13 in a plastic block 14.
  • the substance 15 which may, for example, be sugar, melts or dissolves and the resiliency of the spring elements 12 and 13 causes engagement between the electrodes 12 and 13 to complete a circuit to the alarm device described later.
  • the substance 15 may take other forms; for example, the same may be a water-deformable spacer made from cellulose fibres impregnated with a suitable salt that dissolves rapidly in water to form a conductive electrolyte.
  • the electrodes 12 and 13 may not be resilient but simply comprise rigidly spaced electrodes.
  • the substance 15 comprises porous fibres impregnated with common sodium chloride salt, the same may be re-used after drying, in which latter case it offers a high impedance which degenerates into a sufiiciently low impedance when wetted.
  • Electrodes 12 and 13 are connected to leads 12A and 13A which sealingly extend through a side wall of the pan or receptacle 11 and such leads 12A and 13A are connected to opposite terminals of a low-voltage secondary winding 20 of a combined transformer and alarm 21.
  • leads 12A, 13A is grounded, lead 13A being shown grounded for this purpose.
  • the primary winding 22 of transformer 21 has its terminals connected to a conventional Wall plug 23 insertable in the usual -volt household receptacle.
  • windings 20 and 22 are wound on a common laminated magnetic core member 24 which is aflixed as, for example, by a rivet 25 to a sound-resonating housing 26.
  • This housing 26 in turn may be resiliently mounted on a wall adjacent the appliance 10.
  • the core member 24 is an open-frame core member having four legs 24A, 24B, 24C and 24D arranged in a generally rectangular pattern but with the leg 24C shortened to provide the air gap 24E between legs 24C and 24D.
  • a spring-mounted armature 27 is mounted adjacent such air gap 24E on the free end of a cantilever-supported spring 28, the spring 28 having one end thereof afiixed to the core member 24 as, for example, by a screw 30 with a spacing washer 31 between the spring element 28 and the core member 24.
  • the armature 27 vibrates under the conditions mentioned above since the core 24 has a magnetic flux which isperiodically of maximum value and of minimum value in accordance with the maximum and minimum values of the alternating current wave flowing through the primary winding.
  • the flux increases and the armature 27 .is attracted against the action of spring 28; and when the current decreases, the flux decreases to a value where it is insuflicient to overcome the force of spring 28 and such spring 28 causes the armature 27 to move to its position shown in FIGURE 2. Since the alternating current is.
  • the system will operate, with one or more of such electrode systems 12, 13 connected to the secondary winding 20.
  • This is illustrated in FIGURE 2 wherein 1 like water receptacles 11A andllB each having like electrodes therein are connected by corresponding leads 12B,
  • a water leakage alarm system of the character described comprising: a transformer having a primary and a secondary winding, each ofsaid windings being wound on an open magnetic core, said magnetic core having an air gap therein, a vibratory armature supported on said core adjacent said air gap, and impedance means having its impedance changeable in the presence of water connected to said secondary winding to control magnetization of said core and vibration of said armature, said magnetic corehaving four legs arranged generally in a rectangular pattern, a resonant housing secured to one of said legs, said air gap being in a leg of said magnetic core which is opposite to said leg to which said housing is secured, said armature being supported on said leg in which said air gap is located, said vibratory armature bridging said air gap and being normally spaced from said air gap with the armature being attracted to said core member when said impedance means is changed in the presence of water to produce a sound which is transmitted through the core structure to said resonant housing which encompasses said core structure and said arma

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Description

Aug. 10, 1965 M. R. UHLIG WATER LEAKAGE ALARM SYSTEM Filed Aug. 12, 1960 FIG. 2.
4 w u R G M .vm M w m w I. U R 2 7 m m 2 N R T W CE I. X A 2 %(A 2 aw m w A a 6 z G H Y B B 4 3 6 2 FIG. 3.
UnitedStates Patent 3,200,388 WATER LEAKAGE ALARM SYSTEM Max R. Uhlig, Granada Hills, Calif., asslgnor to Weber Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, Calif, acorporation of California Filed Aug. 12, 1960, Ser. No. 49,328
1 Claim. {CL 34il242) The present invention relates to improved signalling systems and in particular to a new and improved system for producing a signal in response to an accumulation of water under undesirable conditions such as, for example, below washing machines and other similar appliances.
Briefly as illustrated, the system involves an alarm comprising a transformer having its primary winding connected to a suitable A.C. source and having its secondary winding connected to a pair of electrodes. Normally, a substantially non-conductive path exists between such electrodes but such path is made sufficiently conductive in the presence of water to load the transformer and produce a relatively large amount of magnetic flux in the core of the transformer. Such relatively large flux causes vibration of a spring-mounted armature to produce a noise signal. This noise signal is amplified by a sounding board effect which is accomplished by mounting a transformer core on a suitable resonating housing.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved system of this character in which water leakage produces a sound alarm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character in which a signal alarm may be actuated by one of a plurality of electrode systems placed under corresponding appliances where water leakage may possibly be expected.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character which is relatively simple and inexpensive.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character in which the electrodes, after wetting, may be reconditioned for subsequent use.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of this character in which the sensing element is supplied with relatively low voltage so as to minimize any danger from electric shock or fire hazard.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claim. This invention itself, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 illustrates a system embodying features of the present invention in relationship to an appliance illustrated for purposes of exemplificaton as a closed washing machine.
FlGURE 2 illustrates the electrical circuitry and general physical arrangement of the electrical elements in the system shown in FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 3 is generally a sectional view taken on the line 33 in FIGURE 2.
Referring to the drawings, FIGURE 1 illustrates the system associated with a closed washing machine although it is understood, of course, that the system may be associated with any other appliance or apparatus which in use may possibly leak a fluid. For example, the system may be used to detect leakage of fluid from a mal functioning appliance such as a hot water heater, an elec tric dish Washer, a Wash basin or the like. The present system is particularly useful in these instances since due to faulty fabrication, installation or wear, it is observed that appliances of this class are often located in such a manner that small leaks are not visible but remain unnoticed until extensive damage occurs. These conditions are obviated by the present system which senses the water leakage and causes an audible alarm to be produced.
The water-sensing means is positioned, for example, in a tray or water receptacle 11 and such sensing element comprises a pair of electrodes 12 and 13 preferably in the form of cantilever-supported spring elements having adjacent ends thereof secured in an insulating block 14 as, for example, by molding the spring electrode elements 12 and 13 in a plastic block 14.
Normally, there is a relatively large resistance or impedance between such electrodes 12 and 13 and this may be established by providing a water-soluble substance 15 between the electrodes 12 and 13 to normally maintain the same spaced apart. When there is an accumulation of water in the receptacle 11, the substance 15, which may, for example, be sugar, melts or dissolves and the resiliency of the spring elements 12 and 13 causes engagement between the electrodes 12 and 13 to complete a circuit to the alarm device described later. The substance 15 may take other forms; for example, the same may be a water-deformable spacer made from cellulose fibres impregnated with a suitable salt that dissolves rapidly in water to form a conductive electrolyte. In this latter instance the electrodes 12 and 13 may not be resilient but simply comprise rigidly spaced electrodes. When the substance 15 comprises porous fibres impregnated with common sodium chloride salt, the same may be re-used after drying, in which latter case it offers a high impedance which degenerates into a sufiiciently low impedance when wetted.
These electrodes 12 and 13, as illustrated in FIGURE 2, are connected to leads 12A and 13A which sealingly extend through a side wall of the pan or receptacle 11 and such leads 12A and 13A are connected to opposite terminals of a low-voltage secondary winding 20 of a combined transformer and alarm 21. Preferably one of such leads 12A, 13A is grounded, lead 13A being shown grounded for this purpose. The primary winding 22 of transformer 21 has its terminals connected to a conventional Wall plug 23 insertable in the usual -volt household receptacle.
These windings 20 and 22 are wound on a common laminated magnetic core member 24 which is aflixed as, for example, by a rivet 25 to a sound-resonating housing 26. This housing 26 in turn may be resiliently mounted on a wall adjacent the appliance 10. The core member 24 is an open-frame core member having four legs 24A, 24B, 24C and 24D arranged in a generally rectangular pattern but with the leg 24C shortened to provide the air gap 24E between legs 24C and 24D. A spring-mounted armature 27 is mounted adjacent such air gap 24E on the free end of a cantilever-supported spring 28, the spring 28 having one end thereof afiixed to the core member 24 as, for example, by a screw 30 with a spacing washer 31 between the spring element 28 and the core member 24.
In operation of the system, in the absence of water in Le. a relatively high current flows through the windings 20 and 22, with the result that a relatively high magnetic flux is established in the core 24 and particularly in the ,air gap 24Eto-cause the armature 27 to be attracted ,in the direction of the air gap. However, such movement of the armature 27 is controlled by the spring 28 such that the armature 27 vibrates, and in some cases periodically contacts the core legs 24C and 24D to produce a sound or noise which is transmitted through the core to the sound-resonating chamber 26, the latter serving genenerally as a sounding board for producing an enhanced sound alarm. Thus, a persons attention is directed to water leakage and he has an opportunity to remedy the same. The armature 27 vibrates under the conditions mentioned above since the core 24 has a magnetic flux which isperiodically of maximum value and of minimum value in accordance with the maximum and minimum values of the alternating current wave flowing through the primary winding. When such current builds up to its maximum value, the flux increases and the armature 27 .is attracted against the action of spring 28; and when the current decreases, the flux decreases to a value where it is insuflicient to overcome the force of spring 28 and such spring 28 causes the armature 27 to move to its position shown in FIGURE 2. Since the alternating current is.
periodic there will be a periodic attraction of the armature 27 causing it to vibrate.
The system will operate, with one or more of such electrode systems 12, 13 connected to the secondary winding 20. This is illustrated in FIGURE 2 wherein 1 like water receptacles 11A andllB each having like electrodes therein are connected by corresponding leads 12B,
13B and 12C, 13C to opposite terminals of secondary winding 20. These receptacles 11A, 1113 may be placed under different appliances and in such case it will be appreciated that when there is an accumulation of water in any one of the receptacles 11, 11A or 11B, an audible alarm signal is developed as previously described. I
While the particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects and, therefore, the aim in the appended claim is to cover all such changes and modifications, as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
I claim:
A water leakage alarm system of the character described comprising: a transformer having a primary and a secondary winding, each ofsaid windings being wound on an open magnetic core, said magnetic core having an air gap therein, a vibratory armature supported on said core adjacent said air gap, and impedance means having its impedance changeable in the presence of water connected to said secondary winding to control magnetization of said core and vibration of said armature, said magnetic corehaving four legs arranged generally in a rectangular pattern, a resonant housing secured to one of said legs, said air gap being in a leg of said magnetic core which is opposite to said leg to which said housing is secured, said armature being supported on said leg in which said air gap is located, said vibratory armature bridging said air gap and being normally spaced from said air gap with the armature being attracted to said core member when said impedance means is changed in the presence of water to produce a sound which is transmitted through the core structure to said resonant housing which encompasses said core structure and said armature.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,048,913 12/12 Stuart 34040l 1,271,865 7/18 Dodds 340242 1,602,300 10/26 Grant 340--244 1,622,862 3 27 Detmers. 1,979,127 10/ 34 Warrick. 2,028,263 1/36 Warrick 340-384 XR 2,050,623 8/36 Metting 2006 1 .04 XR 2,342,730 2/ 44 Goodbar 340-393 2,757,365 7/56 Perez 340401 2,804,609 8/57 Sussman 34040l XR FOREIGN PATENTS 22,394 10/ 14 Great Britain. 380,383 9/ 32 Great Britain. 464,149 4/37 Great Britain.
NEIL C. READ, Primary Examiner. ELI I. SAX, ROBERT H. ROSE, Examiners,
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Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3427414A (en) * 1967-01-13 1969-02-11 Sinclair Research Inc Switch assembly for detecting underground leaks
US3437769A (en) * 1967-03-13 1969-04-08 Honeywell Inc Liquid sensitive switch
US3492449A (en) * 1968-05-17 1970-01-27 Wilfred E Kenny Water actuated circuit closer
US3514735A (en) * 1968-03-08 1970-05-26 Kiyoichi Nijo Temperature sensitive switching device
US3789297A (en) * 1969-11-26 1974-01-29 M Frolich Leak detector
US3874403A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-04-01 Wayne L Fischer Safety attachment for appliances subject to fluid leakage
US4070670A (en) * 1976-01-30 1978-01-24 Ho Chi Chen Automatic shut-off and alarm for stove heating unit
FR2422212A1 (en) * 1978-04-04 1979-11-02 Morgante Georges Water loss warning system for domestic washing machines - has two=way circuit interrupter to illuminate signal lamp or sonic alarm unit
EP0009651A1 (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-04-16 Hans Wildt Monitoring device for fluids and application
US4246575A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-01-20 Purtell Jack L Moisture detector
US4264902A (en) * 1980-02-07 1981-04-28 Miller James W Moisture alarm
US4297686A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-10-27 Tom M Dale Water detection device
FR2506509A1 (en) * 1981-05-20 1982-11-26 Labo Electronique Physique HOUSEHOLD WASHING MACHINE OR DISHWASHER APPLIANCE WITH ALARM DEVICE IN THE EVENT OF OVERFLOW OR LEAKAGE OF WATER
WO1984003768A1 (en) * 1983-03-17 1984-09-27 Anthony John Maxwell Self energising sensor
US4565455A (en) * 1983-01-21 1986-01-21 Hotfoil Limited Heat regulating sensor tape
US4591838A (en) * 1983-03-23 1986-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Spillage detector for liquid chromatography systems
WO1986005880A1 (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-09 Wilfried Schoeps Electrical sensors for the detection of leaks in conduit systems
US4814752A (en) * 1987-11-16 1989-03-21 Lehman William L Overflow water containment pedestal with high level sensor and shutoff
US4888455A (en) * 1989-02-27 1989-12-19 Hanson James B Water leak detector and method therefor
US4903723A (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-02-27 Sublett Tommy J Collection basin and drain for dishwasher leakage
DE3905661A1 (en) * 1989-02-24 1990-08-30 Heinz Schiele Automatic monitoring device, in particular for washing machines
US5015958A (en) * 1983-06-30 1991-05-14 Raychem Corporation Elongate sensors comprising conductive polymers, and methods and apparatus using such sensors
US5091715A (en) * 1990-01-08 1992-02-25 Murphy Anthony J Leak detection and alarm system
US5229750A (en) * 1991-08-02 1993-07-20 Welch Jr James G Fail-safe leak detector including independent and repetetive sensing means
US5235286A (en) * 1985-06-12 1993-08-10 Raychem Corporation Method for detecting and obtaining information about changers in variables
US5382909A (en) * 1983-06-30 1995-01-17 Raychem Corporation Method for detecting and obtaining information about changes in variables
US6950032B1 (en) * 2000-04-10 2005-09-27 Dry Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for protection against appliance leaking
US20070210931A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2007-09-13 Dong-Soo Baik Flash Lamp For Rescue At Sea
US20070271935A1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-29 Robinson Joe D Condensate/water leak control switch
US20090126465A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Leak detection system for a dishwasher and associated method
WO2010046886A2 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Nexans A moisture detection wire, a moisture detection system, and a method of detecting moisture
US20110131735A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 Lg Electronics Inc. Washing machine and washing method
EP2336757A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-22 Nxp B.V. Integrated circuit with water presence arrangement and manufacturing method therefor
US20110214490A1 (en) * 2010-03-02 2011-09-08 Masami Sakita Water leak detector
CN102844488A (en) * 2011-02-23 2012-12-26 松下电器产业株式会社 Washing machine
WO2013060646A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus and method for detecting the entry of fluid into a housing
EP3176306A1 (en) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-07 Whirlpool Corporation Method for detecting a fault in a water operated appliance

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US2342730A (en) * 1940-09-24 1944-02-29 Goodbar Isaac Electric bell buzzer
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US1048913A (en) * 1912-02-20 1912-12-31 Harve Reed Stuart Electric bell.
US1271865A (en) * 1917-10-25 1918-07-09 Flannery Bolt Co Stay-bolt structure.
US1602300A (en) * 1923-10-12 1926-10-05 James H Grant Automatic signal
US1622862A (en) * 1925-05-12 1927-03-29 Fred E Detmers Electric audible signal
GB380383A (en) * 1931-04-01 1932-09-15 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to moisture-sensitive indicating or protecting devices for electrical apparatus
US2050623A (en) * 1932-07-22 1936-08-11 Julius M Mctting Rain alarm
US1979127A (en) * 1933-06-12 1934-10-30 Bender Warrick Corp Electrical control device
US2028263A (en) * 1934-02-09 1936-01-21 Bender Warrick Corp Electrical indicating device
GB464149A (en) * 1935-11-14 1937-04-13 Victor George Van Colle Improvements in or relating to electro-magnetic devices such as bells, buzzers or relays
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US2757365A (en) * 1953-04-17 1956-07-31 Perez Carlos Pablo Electric bell, buzzer or similar device
US2804609A (en) * 1955-04-05 1957-08-27 Sussman Sy Fire alarm

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3427414A (en) * 1967-01-13 1969-02-11 Sinclair Research Inc Switch assembly for detecting underground leaks
US3437769A (en) * 1967-03-13 1969-04-08 Honeywell Inc Liquid sensitive switch
US3514735A (en) * 1968-03-08 1970-05-26 Kiyoichi Nijo Temperature sensitive switching device
US3492449A (en) * 1968-05-17 1970-01-27 Wilfred E Kenny Water actuated circuit closer
US3789297A (en) * 1969-11-26 1974-01-29 M Frolich Leak detector
US3874403A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-04-01 Wayne L Fischer Safety attachment for appliances subject to fluid leakage
US4070670A (en) * 1976-01-30 1978-01-24 Ho Chi Chen Automatic shut-off and alarm for stove heating unit
FR2422212A1 (en) * 1978-04-04 1979-11-02 Morgante Georges Water loss warning system for domestic washing machines - has two=way circuit interrupter to illuminate signal lamp or sonic alarm unit
EP0009651A1 (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-04-16 Hans Wildt Monitoring device for fluids and application
US4246575A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-01-20 Purtell Jack L Moisture detector
US4297686A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-10-27 Tom M Dale Water detection device
US4264902A (en) * 1980-02-07 1981-04-28 Miller James W Moisture alarm
FR2506509A1 (en) * 1981-05-20 1982-11-26 Labo Electronique Physique HOUSEHOLD WASHING MACHINE OR DISHWASHER APPLIANCE WITH ALARM DEVICE IN THE EVENT OF OVERFLOW OR LEAKAGE OF WATER
EP0066914A1 (en) * 1981-05-20 1982-12-15 Laboratoires D'electronique Et De Physique Appliquee L.E.P. Electrical household apparatus, such as a washing-machine or a dishwasher, with water overflow or leakage alarm device
US4565455A (en) * 1983-01-21 1986-01-21 Hotfoil Limited Heat regulating sensor tape
WO1984003768A1 (en) * 1983-03-17 1984-09-27 Anthony John Maxwell Self energising sensor
EP0122730A1 (en) * 1983-03-17 1984-10-24 Pax Ex Innovatione Stiftung Self energizing sensor
US4591838A (en) * 1983-03-23 1986-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Spillage detector for liquid chromatography systems
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