US301991A - Heemam howaldt - Google Patents

Description

(fNo Model.)

Hf. HOWALDT. GOMPOUND STEAM ENGINE.

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To all whom t may concern:

i IVlNiTEDQ STATESf 'PATENT j OFFICEo HERMANN HOWALDT, or DiETRIoHsDoRE, NEAR KIEL, rRUssIA, GERMANY.

COMPOUND STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICA-HON fol-ming part of Letters. Patent No. some1, dated July-15,1884.. Application filed February 20, 1384. (No model.)

Be it known that I, HERMANN HOWALDT, of Dietrichsdorf, near Kiel, Prussia, Germany, have invented certain 4new and useful Improvements in Compound Steam-Engines, of which the followingA is a specification.

The object of the inventionis toutilize highpressure steam to the best advantage, and expand it down to the lowest pressure at which it can be available, working either. condensing or non #condensing I combine two or more pairs of cylinders. The two cylinders of each pair are of unequal size. The steam is exhausted from the smaller into the larger cylinder yof a pair directly or with no intermediate chamber. The pistons of` these two cylinders are opposite. Where two pairs only are used, the cranks for one pair are set at right angles to the cranks for the opposite pair. cylinder of the rst pair into a reservoirof considerable capacity. From this reservoir the steam is received at the proper time into the smaller cylinder of the next pair. I have devised a construction in which the reservoirs inclose the cylinders and form a jacket for them. Vhen three pairs of cylinders are employed, the cranks for each pair should be set at sixty degrees lto the cranks of the other pairs. In what I esteem as the most complete form of the invention, one slide-valve-of suitable size serves as the means for introducing landdischarging the steam for one pair of cylinders. Four of my cylinders, all of different sizes, are operatedl by only two valves. Six

` cylinders are operated by three valves.

The accompanying drawings forma part of this speeilication and represent what I consider thebest 'means of carrying out the invention.

Figure l is aV horizontal section showing four pistons and their respective rods, which l may be understood as operating, through The steam is expanded from the larger cranks for the two pairs of cylinders which are f shown in Figs. l and 2.

The drawings represent two pairs of cylinders. I is the smallest cylinder, and II is the .second cylinder, considerably larger than I. These two, I and II, constitute the first pair of cylinders. III, considerably larger than II, is the smaller cylinder ofthe second pair. IV, larger than III, is the largest cylinder lof the set. The cylinders III and IV constitute the second pair.

Between the two pairs oi' cylinders is a capacious reservoir, X, which I term a re- ,ceiver,7 sufcientlydarge and so arranged as to embrace the cylinders II .and III. This reservoir X may be heated by conducting the products of combustion through or around it.

I have not deemed it necessary to representl 'such provision. All the cylinders may be covered with non-conducting material or jacketed with steam at apressure' equal to or above that which enters the first and smallest cylinder I. The two cranks of the pair I and II are arranged opposite to each other. (See correspondinglyl marked points in the diagram Fig. 3.) The cranks of the cylinders lIII and IV are placed opposite to each other `and at rig-ht angles to the cranks of I- and II. {See the points so marked in Fig. 3.) A' single valve, c, operated by a rod, c', controls the admission of steam from the boiler into the first cylinder, I. This same valve also ,controls its discharge from each end altern'ately of the cylinder I into the adjacent end of the cylinderII. The same valve also controls the discharge of the steam from the ends alternately of ,the cylinder II into the reservoir X. A single valve also controls the admission of steam from the receiverX into the ends alternately of the cylinder III. same valve also controls the discharge of steam fro1nthe ends alternately of the cylinder III into the adjacent ends ofthe cylinder IV. Thel same valve also controls the discharge of steam The IOO

from the ends of the cylinder IV into a condenser. (Notrepresented.) Thesevalvesarc operated by devices (not represented) impelled by the engine. The means for connecting the several pistons to cranks on the shaft and for Vactuating these valves by eccentrics or cams on the said shaft may be of any ordinary or suitable character, and need not be especially described. The two valves and their connecting ports and passages may be alike, except that the valve between the cylinders III and IV should be larger thalrthat between the cylinders I and II. I have represented different valves. Either of these forms of valves maybe used in both positions. The steam ata pressure of six atmospheres (more or less) is received from the boiler, (not represented,) and c0n ductedy through a belt,a `a-,which surrounds the cylinder I, and discharged'into a hollow throat in the-valve c. The reciprocating motioinof the valve presents this throat with its charge of Strong-steam alternately to the ports leading to the-opposite ends of the cylinder I. Suppose the valve c to be moved downward, it introduces thelive steam through the port a into the lower end of the cylinder I, forcing the piston upward. At the same time a transverse passage,.c2, in the valve c is presented to the port b andA allows the steam to be discharged therefroin,still at a high prcssure,but lower than that in the other end. The steam thus discharged fromthe cylinder I is delivered through the port a2 into the adjacent end of the cylinder II. The same positionof the valve c also presents the cavity b* of the valve tothe port b2, connecting with the opposite end ofthe cylinder II. The cavity b* discharges downward (see Fig. 2) into the receiver X. Incase the same form of` valve is used between the cylinders III and IV, a precisely corresponding construction, but much larger, may be employed. The form of valve shown at d may be used with nearly equal success betweenthe cylinders I andII. The valve d is equivalent to two of the ordinary slide-valves, known as short Dvalves.77 The steam from the receiver X fills the space between the cylinder III and the flat face of the cylinder IV. Vhen the valve d is by the action of the ccccntrics and valve-gear (not represented) moved upward, the steam from the receiver X ilows past itsr lower end into the lower end of III, while the-steam from the upper end of III exhausts through the uppermost of the two hollow throats and ilows through the port a* into the upper end of the cylinder IV. The elevated position of the valve d also presents the lower of the two hollow throats to form a connection between the port b* and the port b5, which II, andthe single valve d in relationit'othcly verses the action and causes the steam to urge .the pistons in the opposite directions. VThe vpistons in'the'pair of cylinders' I and II, by

moving in the opposite directions, tend to balance each other and facilitate the bringing the engine to rest in any position desired. The balancing also has an effect on the mo- 7o mentum, and allows my engines to be run with greater speed than thel ordinary. rIhe receiver X performs an important function in modifying the pressure and causing it to be received at a nearly uniformpressure fromthe cylinder. II and be delivered at substantially the samel uniform pressurefintoithe-cylinder III, notwithstanding thepistonsinthesetwc5 cylinders come tol their deadlpoi'ntsiandl per-- form their respective movemcntsat quileldifv 8o ferent periods ofl time..

The importance-of the'receiver'X liasbeen! long appreciated in connection witlvordinanycompound engines. rllhe uniting of invocyl1 inders directly togethcn to. constitute' a' pair,- 85 and then uniting this witlr another pair' through the intervention. of the re'ceivcnis substantially different.`

Modiiications may be*1nade^additionalitoi those described without departingr fromy thc'rgo principle or sacricing the-advantagesofi theA invention. I caucombine-four pairs oil cylinders. It will: be` understood that where' three pairs of cylinders'. are combined there*A is another receiverv equivalent toi between: the fourth and fifth: cylinders: Wherefoun pairs arel combined there-are! three. receivers-` X. There is always oneY reoeiver'betiweeni each pairv of cylindersand the next succeed ing pair. I use the term combination steamrengine77 to indicate the'style ofiengine having pairs of cylindersthus unitedk I claim as myinvention- The combination, with thecylinders IgI-I, III, and IV, arranged in pairs-and@A ofdiffer#A ent sizes, of the reservoir X,.embracing` the" ICO ` larger cylinderA ofr one pair. and.` the smaller cylinder ofthe othcn pair, the'singl'e valve-.mi operating in relation to bothfcylinders= I andi cylinders III and IV,.the wholefadaptedl to serve as and for the'purposesset forth;

This specification. signed by methis 21st day of December, 1883. HERMAN-N HOWAIJDIH. Vitnesses:

CLARUs KnNnoLD; EnNsT BnoKnLMANN.

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