US2979397A - Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese - Google Patents

Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2979397A
US2979397A US775351A US77535158A US2979397A US 2979397 A US2979397 A US 2979397A US 775351 A US775351 A US 775351A US 77535158 A US77535158 A US 77535158A US 2979397 A US2979397 A US 2979397A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
aluminum
manganese
cobalt
wear resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US775351A
Inventor
John F Klement
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ampco Metal Inc
Original Assignee
Ampco Metal Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ampco Metal Inc filed Critical Ampco Metal Inc
Priority to US775351A priority Critical patent/US2979397A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2979397A publication Critical patent/US2979397A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the alloy of the invention has greatly improved wear resistance over that of an ordinary aluminum bronze alloy.
  • a comparison of the wear resistance of the alloy of the invention to that of a conventional aluminum This invention relates to an alumlnum bronze alloy bronze alloy 1s illustrated in the following table:
  • Aluminum bronze alloys have for years been used as dies for forming and drawing operations fora large group of sheet and plate alloys, such as stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, mild steel and some copper base alloys.
  • Aluminum bronze alloys used in die applications possess the properties of good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and non-galling against many wrought materials.
  • the aluminum bronze alloys which in the past have shown the optimum properties for deep drawing dies are those that contain approximately 14% aluminum, a small amount of iron and the balance copper.
  • An alloy of this type has good corrosion resistance and non-galling properties.
  • it wears undesirably fast so that close dimensional tolerances cannot be maintained because of the wear that occurs on the die surface.
  • the present invention is directed to an aluminum bronze alloy which has the corrosion resistance and the non-galling properties characteristic of aluminum bronze alloys but has greatly improved wear resistance and toughness.
  • the aluminum bronze alloy of the invention has high uniform hardness, good toughness and excellent wear resistance. This is accomplished by the addition of small amounts of cobalt and manganese to the alloy which substantially eliminates the tendency of the alloy to form the eutectoid. The addition, of cobalt and manganese also makes the alloy more homogeneous in the distribution of the metallurgical phases and compounds during solidification and heat treatment and also promotes uniform controlled grain size.
  • the alloy of the invention has the following general composition by weight:
  • the wear rate of the alloy against stainless type steels is in the range of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per one thousand meter kilogram (m.kg.) frictional workas measured by Amsler wear testing machine.
  • the alloy has a hardness in the range of 25 Rockwell C to 55 Rockwell C, depending on the specific aluminum,- cobalt and manganese contents in the alloy.
  • the addition of cobalt and manganese also substantially eliminates the tendency for eutectoid formation in the alloy.
  • the eutectoid structure consists of alpha phase plus gamma two phase formed from the transformation-decomposition of the beta phase. 'This transformation occurs at temperatures below 1050 F. in aluminum bronze alloys and the resultant eutectoid structure is brittle and possesses low ductility and poor machinability.
  • an ordinary aluminum bronze die alloy would be so embrittled by a heat treatment for this length of time that any machining operation could only be done with great difiiculty.
  • cobalt and manganese be maintained within the limits of 0.07 to 0.31 part by weight per part of aluminum. If the cobalt or manganese content falls below this ratio the effect of the addition on the wear resistance is negligible. If the cobalt content is increased above the stated ratio, the efiect of the cobalt in increasing the wear resistance is reversed. In addipercentage of the pre-alloy and copper.
  • the manganese content is increased above 0.31 part per part of aluminum, the manganese also produces a reverse effect on the wear resistance of the alloy and the wear resistance decreases. Furthermore, if more than-031 part of manganese per part of aluminum is used, there'is a tendency to obtain the ,8 phase instead of the desired 72 phase. Therefore it is necessary to add additional aluminum, over 16%, with higher man ganese contents in order to retain the 72 phase. This additional aluminum results in crystalline weakness and brittleness. A manganese content above the stated ratio also increases the grain size of the alloywhich is undesirable.
  • the alloy is heat treated at an elevated temperature in the temperature range of 1050 F. to 1400 R, such as about 1150 F.
  • Small castings of sim* ple shapes of this alloy can beplaced directly into the mone-halfhour per inch of section thickness greater than face'is apt to decompose or destroy the die lubricant theresult that galling occurs.
  • a decrease in thermal conductivity results in a decrease in the rate of heat dissipation from-the whole mass of the die, thereby increasing the temperature of the die to a point where the generally non-ductile die may crack.
  • the alloy of the invention containing about 15% aluminum, 5% iron, 3.2% cobalt, 2.8% manganese and the balance being substantially copper, can be cast either statically or centrifugally to produce a fine grained tough structure having a tensile strength of about 105,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 75,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of 1% and a Rockwell C hardness of 39.-
  • the metallo'graphic structure of the above alloy consists essentially of gamma two phase which is uniformly distributed in a matrix of beta.
  • An intermetallic compound composed of iron, aluminum, copper, cobalt and manganese exists in small particles of'uniform size and shape. 'Because of the method of casting and the -'i.n oculant used, the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed throughout the'cast section. t In order to obtain optimum properties, the metalsused for the alloy-should be of high quality. Electrolytic or wrought fire'refined copper, high purity aluminum, low' carbon iron and high purity cobalt and manganese are preferred to' be used.
  • the best method of obtaining the desired uniformity in the alloy is by using a double melting procedure whereby a pre-alloy is made.
  • the most satisfactory'pre-alloy is one that has approximately 45% aluminum, copper, iron, 10% manganese and 10% cobalt.
  • the melting procedure employed in making the prealloy is such that some copper, along with the iron, manganese and cobalt, is placed into the crucible and melting begun. When the copper starts to melt, the iron and other additives are slowly dissolved into the copper during that. period when aluminum is added to form-an exothermic reaction which helps to dissolve" the higher melting point cobalt :and .manganese additions. Thisp're alloy is then cast into ingot form andis' ready to use for thefinal alloy. o
  • the final alloy is made by intermixing a predetermined A deoxidizer is added tothis alloy in the molten state in the furnace to purge themetal of oxides and soluble gases.
  • deoxidizers can .include'the compounds of-boron, phosphorus, magnesium and lithium.
  • Deoxi dizers, of the, gas type can also be used. This can include volatile chlorides "depending on the future application of the part.
  • the alloy After the required soaking time at the elevated temperature, the alloy is cooled at a rate faster than about 20 F.. per hour per one inch of section thickness. This rate is conveniently obtained by fan air cooling.
  • An optimum stress relief temperature for the present alloy can be selected in the range of 650 F. to 1050 F. to obtain a reasonable holding time in the furnace, such as one to two hours per 2' inches of section, and to prevent distortions and micro stresses during cooling.
  • the article is then cooled to room temperature.
  • the alloy can be used to produce articles for wear resistantapplications in drawing and forming operations.
  • the articles may take the form of deep drawing dies, hold down dies,- wear guides, forming rolls, skids, slides, etc.
  • the alloy can also be extruded into Weld rods or Weld'wire.
  • the alloy in the form of coated or uncoated weld rod can be overlaid on a base metal by metal spraying or other welding methods, such as hell-arc, metalarc, carbon arc, etc. to obtain a corrosion resistant wear surface.
  • the metal overlay can be given a stress relief treatment at temperatures in the range of 650 F. to
  • An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum and the balance being essentially copper, said alloy being characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance and having improved toughness and wear resistance.
  • An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum and the balance being essentially copper, said alloy having a wear rate in the range of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per one thousand meter kilograms of frictional work as measured on a rolling slip wear testing machine against 18-8 stainless steel.
  • An aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum and the balance being essentially copper, said alloy having a wear rate in the range of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per one thousand meter kilograms of frictional work as measured on a rolling-slip wear testing machine against 18-8 stainless steel and having a hardness in the range of 25 to Rockwell C.
  • a drawing die characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance, a hardness in the range of 25 to 55 Rockwell C and a wear rate in therange of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per 1000 meter kilograms of frictional work as measured by a rolling-slip wear testing machine, said die being fabricated from an aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially byweight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminurmand the balance being essentially copper.
  • An aluminum bronze welding electrode consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, and the balance being essentially copper.
  • An aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance consisting essentially of 15.10% aluminum, 5.01% iron, 3.18% cobalt, 2.78% manganese and 73.93% copper.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

nited States Patent '0 ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY HAVING IM'PROVED WEAR RESISTANCE BY THE ADDITION OF CO- BALT AND MANGANESE John F. Klement, Milwaukee, Wis., assiguor to Ampco .Metal, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wiscon- No Drawing. Filed Nov. 21, 1958, Ser. No.-775,351
6 Claims. (Cl. 75-161) Patented Apr. 11, 1961 A specific illustration of the composition of the alloy falling within the above range is as follows in weight percent:
The alloy of the invention has greatly improved wear resistance over that of an ordinary aluminum bronze alloy. A comparison of the wear resistance of the alloy of the invention to that of a conventional aluminum This invention relates to an alumlnum bronze alloy bronze alloy 1s illustrated in the following table:
Wear Rate in A110 Hard- Grams per Mating No. Ou Al .Fe Co Mn ness 1,000 in. kg. of Alloy Frictional Work 1 81.71 14. 0s 4. 21 38R 0.00508 18-8 Stainless Steel. 2 7s. 53 14. 24 7. 23 391cc 0. 00546 Do. a s1. 50 13. 95 4.55 sane 0. 00544 Do. 4 73. 93 15. 10 5. 01 3. 1s 2. 7s 39Rc 0. 00371 Do.
and more particularly to an aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance.
Aluminum bronze alloys have for years been used as dies for forming and drawing operations fora large group of sheet and plate alloys, such as stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, mild steel and some copper base alloys. Aluminum bronze alloys used in die applications possess the properties of good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and non-galling against many wrought materials.
The aluminum bronze alloys which in the past have shown the optimum properties for deep drawing dies are those that contain approximately 14% aluminum, a small amount of iron and the balance copper. An alloy of this type has good corrosion resistance and non-galling properties. However, under heavy use in die application, it wears undesirably fast so that close dimensional tolerances cannot be maintained because of the wear that occurs on the die surface.
The present invention is directed to an aluminum bronze alloy which has the corrosion resistance and the non-galling properties characteristic of aluminum bronze alloys but has greatly improved wear resistance and toughness.
The aluminum bronze alloy of the invention has high uniform hardness, good toughness and excellent wear resistance. This is accomplished by the addition of small amounts of cobalt and manganese to the alloy which substantially eliminates the tendency of the alloy to form the eutectoid. The addition, of cobalt and manganese also makes the alloy more homogeneous in the distribution of the metallurgical phases and compounds during solidification and heat treatment and also promotes uniform controlled grain size.
' The alloy of the invention has the following general composition by weight:
Aluminum 13.016.0%. Iron 3 .06.Q% Cobalt In a ratio of .07 to The wear test results of the above table were obtained on a rolling-slip friction device, such as an Amsler wear test machine. In these tests, the aluminum bronze alloy cylindrical test specimens were subjected to rolling and sliding motions against stainless steel cylinders with an applied compressive stress of 31,500 p.s.i. on the specimens. The test specimens 1', 2 audit, in the table, contain only iron and aluminum in combination with copper and have a substantially lower resistance to wear than specimen number 4 which falls within the scope of the present invention. The'increase in wear resistance due to the addition of cobalt and manganese to aluminum bronzeis most significant since the hardness of all specimens is substantially the same.
vWith the cobalt and manganese addition to aluminum bronze alloys, the wear rate of the alloy against stainless type steels is in the range of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per one thousand meter kilogram (m.kg.) frictional workas measured by Amsler wear testing machine. In addition, the alloy has a hardness in the range of 25 Rockwell C to 55 Rockwell C, depending on the specific aluminum,- cobalt and manganese contents in the alloy.
In addition to substantially increasing the wear resistance of the alloy, the addition of cobalt and manganese also substantially eliminates the tendency for eutectoid formation in the alloy. The eutectoid structure consists of alpha phase plus gamma two phase formed from the transformation-decomposition of the beta phase. 'This transformation occurs at temperatures below 1050 F. in aluminum bronze alloys and the resultant eutectoid structure is brittle and possesses low ductility and poor machinability. However, with the alloy of the invention, it is possible to heat the alloy for a period up to three to five hours without formation of the embrittling eutectoid. In contrast to this, an ordinary aluminum bronze die alloy would be so embrittled by a heat treatment for this length of time that any machining operation could only be done with great difiiculty.
It is essential that the cobalt and manganese be maintained within the limits of 0.07 to 0.31 part by weight per part of aluminum. If the cobalt or manganese content falls below this ratio the effect of the addition on the wear resistance is negligible. If the cobalt content is increased above the stated ratio, the efiect of the cobalt in increasing the wear resistance is reversed. In addipercentage of the pre-alloy and copper.
tion a cobalt content substantially above the stated ratio increases the afiinity of the alloy for stainless steel and thereby reduces its effectiveness as a deep drawing die. It is believed that the reason for this affinity-is that the cobaltis similar in properties to the nickel in the stainless steel and the high cobalt intermetallic compounds tend to pick-up or gall the stainless steel.
If the manganese content is increased above 0.31 part per part of aluminum, the manganese also produces a reverse effect on the wear resistance of the alloy and the wear resistance decreases. Furthermore, if more than-031 part of manganese per part of aluminum is used, there'is a tendency to obtain the ,8 phase instead of the desired 72 phase. Therefore it is necessary to add additional aluminum, over 16%, with higher man ganese contents in order to retain the 72 phase. This additional aluminum results in crystalline weakness and brittleness. A manganese content above the stated ratio also increases the grain size of the alloywhich is undesirable.
As manganese tends to reduce the thermal conductivity of the alloy, excessive amounts of manganese over 0.31 part per part of aluminum should be avoided. A decrease in thermal'conductivity brought about by a high manganese content will reduce the rate of heat dissipation from the die surface, thereby increasing the temperature of the die surface. A high temperature on the die suror any of the inert gases. The dry type deoxidizers are added in quantities of approximately 4 ounces per 100 pounds of metal, and the gas type deoxidizers are passed either through or over the molten metal for a period of five minutes. Removal of the oxide particles is of particular importance because of their abrasive and adverse affect on the wear-resistant properties of the alloy.
To establish complete uniformity of the microstructure and hardness the alloy is heat treated at an elevated temperature in the temperature range of 1050 F. to 1400 R, such as about 1150 F. Small castings of sim* ple shapes of this alloy can beplaced directly into the mone-halfhour per inch of section thickness greater than face'is apt to decompose or destroy the die lubricant theresult that galling occurs. Furthermore a decrease in thermal conductivity results in a decrease in the rate of heat dissipation from-the whole mass of the die, thereby increasing the temperature of the die to a point where the generally non-ductile die may crack.
The alloy of the invention containing about 15% aluminum, 5% iron, 3.2% cobalt, 2.8% manganese and the balance being substantially copper, can be cast either statically or centrifugally to produce a fine grained tough structure having a tensile strength of about 105,000 p.s.i., a yield strength of 75,000 p.s.i., an elongation in two inches of 1% and a Rockwell C hardness of 39.-
The metallo'graphic structure of the above alloy consists essentially of gamma two phase which is uniformly distributed in a matrix of beta. An intermetallic compound composed of iron, aluminum, copper, cobalt and manganese exists in small particles of'uniform size and shape. 'Because of the method of casting and the -'i.n oculant used, the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed throughout the'cast section. t In order to obtain optimum properties, the metalsused for the alloy-should be of high quality. Electrolytic or wrought fire'refined copper, high purity aluminum, low' carbon iron and high purity cobalt and manganese are preferred to' be used. It has also been found that the best method of obtaining the desired uniformity in the alloy is by using a double melting procedure whereby a pre-alloy is made. The most satisfactory'pre-alloy is one that has approximately 45% aluminum, copper, iron, 10% manganese and 10% cobalt. The melting procedure employed in making the prealloy is such that some copper, along with the iron, manganese and cobalt, is placed into the crucible and melting begun. When the copper starts to melt, the iron and other additives are slowly dissolved into the copper during that. period when aluminum is added to form-an exothermic reaction which helps to dissolve" the higher melting point cobalt :and .manganese additions. Thisp're alloy is then cast into ingot form andis' ready to use for thefinal alloy. o
The final alloy is made by intermixing a predetermined A deoxidizer is added tothis alloy in the molten state in the furnace to purge themetal of oxides and soluble gases. These deoxidizers can .include'the compounds of-boron, phosphorus, magnesium and lithium. Deoxi dizers, of the, gas type can also be used. This can include volatile chlorides "depending on the future application of the part.
one inch, up to a maximum of two and one-half hours at temperature.
After the required soaking time at the elevated temperature, the alloy is cooled at a rate faster than about 20 F.. per hour per one inch of section thickness. This rate is conveniently obtained by fan air cooling.
Internal stresses created within castings during machining or other finishing operations, during weldments or from metal overlays on base metals, are usually removed These stresses are removed by a stress relief heat treatment. The usual commercial aluminum bronze alloys cannot generally be stress relieved at a temperature in the range of 650 F. to 1050 F. due to eutectoid formation that I temperature.
, stress relieved within the temperature range of 650 F.
to 1050 F. without embrittlement due to the excessive eutectoid structure. An optimum stress relief temperature for the present alloy, based on the severity of the internal stresses and geometry of the article, can be selected in the range of 650 F. to 1050 F. to obtain a reasonable holding time in the furnace, such as one to two hours per 2' inches of section, and to prevent distortions and micro stresses during cooling. The article is then cooled to room temperature.
,, T The alloy can be used to produce articles for wear resistantapplications in drawing and forming operations.
The articles may take the form of deep drawing dies, hold down dies,- wear guides, forming rolls, skids, slides, etc. The alloy can also be extruded into Weld rods or Weld'wire. The alloy in the form of coated or uncoated weld rod can be overlaid on a base metal by metal spraying or other welding methods, such as hell-arc, metalarc, carbon arc, etc. to obtain a corrosion resistant wear surface. The metal overlay can be given a stress relief treatment at temperatures in the range of 650 F. to
1150 F. and cooled to room temperature.
T Itxhas been found that the addition of cobalt and manganese to the copper-aluminum-iron alloys to be used as die materials greatly improves the toughness-and wear resistanceofthealloy and substantially eliminates the tendency for eutectoid embrittlement.
Thisapplication is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 705,483, filed December 27, 1958, now abandoned, and entitled Aluminum Bronze Alloy Having Improved Wear Resistance by the Addition of Cobalt and Manganese.
Various modes ofcarrying out the invention are contemplated as being within the scope of the following U claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as the invention.
I claim:
1. An aluminum bronze alloy, consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum and the balance being essentially copper, said alloy being characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance and having improved toughness and wear resistance.
2. An aluminum bronze alloy, consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum and the balance being essentially copper, said alloy having a wear rate in the range of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per one thousand meter kilograms of frictional work as measured on a rolling slip wear testing machine against 18-8 stainless steel.
3. An aluminum bronze alloy, consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum and the balance being essentially copper, said alloy having a wear rate in the range of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per one thousand meter kilograms of frictional work as measured on a rolling-slip wear testing machine against 18-8 stainless steel and having a hardness in the range of 25 to Rockwell C.
4. A drawing die characterized by having excellent corrosion resistance, a hardness in the range of 25 to 55 Rockwell C and a wear rate in therange of 0.0025 to 0.0055 gram per 1000 meter kilograms of frictional work as measured by a rolling-slip wear testing machine, said die being fabricated from an aluminum bronze alloy consisting essentially byweight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminurmand the balance being essentially copper.
5. An aluminum bronze welding electrode consisting essentially by weight of 13.0% to 16.0% aluminum, 3.0% to 6.0% iron, cobalt in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, manganese in a ratio of 0.07 to 0.31 part per part of aluminum, and the balance being essentially copper.
6. An aluminum bronze alloy having improved toughness and wear resistance, consisting essentially of 15.10% aluminum, 5.01% iron, 3.18% cobalt, 2.78% manganese and 73.93% copper.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,007,430 Mass July 9, 1935 2,210,671 Kelly 2 Aug. 6, 1940 2,430,419 Edens Nov. 4, 1947

Claims (1)

1. AN ALUMINUM BRONZE ALLOY, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY BY WEIGHT OF 13.0% TO 16.0% ALUMINUM, 3.0* TO 6.0% IRON, COBALT IN A RATIO OF 0.07 TO 0.31 PART PER PART OF ALUMINUM, MANGANESE IN A RATIO OF 0.07 TO 0.31 PARTS PER PART OF ALUMINUM AND THE BALANCE BEING ESSENTIALLY COPPER, SAID ALLOY BEING CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE AND HAVING IMPROVED TOUGHNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE.
US775351A 1958-11-21 1958-11-21 Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese Expired - Lifetime US2979397A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US775351A US2979397A (en) 1958-11-21 1958-11-21 Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US775351A US2979397A (en) 1958-11-21 1958-11-21 Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2979397A true US2979397A (en) 1961-04-11

Family

ID=25104134

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US775351A Expired - Lifetime US2979397A (en) 1958-11-21 1958-11-21 Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2979397A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117002A (en) * 1960-02-16 1964-01-07 Ampco Metal Inc Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt, chromium, and manganese
EP0042455A2 (en) * 1980-06-23 1981-12-30 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys
WO1984001965A1 (en) * 1982-11-16 1984-05-24 Brockway Inc Aluminum bronze glassmaking molds
EP1193412A2 (en) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-03 Wieland-Werke AG Application of a copper-aluminium-based bronze as a bearing material
US20070291814A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Fluke Corporation Insert and/or calibrator block formed of aluminum-bronze alloy, temperature calibration device using same, and methods of use
EP2667996B1 (en) 2011-01-26 2017-12-13 voestalpine Stahl GmbH Roller for guiding and/or supporting a strand in a continuous casting installation having a layer produced by build-up welding ; process of producing such a roller and use of such roll

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2007430A (en) * 1934-11-30 1935-07-09 Frederick J Maas Copper alloy
US2210671A (en) * 1940-03-16 1940-08-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Copper base alloy
US2430419A (en) * 1945-02-02 1947-11-04 Walter W Edens Welding rod

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2007430A (en) * 1934-11-30 1935-07-09 Frederick J Maas Copper alloy
US2210671A (en) * 1940-03-16 1940-08-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Copper base alloy
US2430419A (en) * 1945-02-02 1947-11-04 Walter W Edens Welding rod

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117002A (en) * 1960-02-16 1964-01-07 Ampco Metal Inc Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt, chromium, and manganese
EP0042455A2 (en) * 1980-06-23 1981-12-30 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys
EP0042455A3 (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-01-13 Gebruder Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Aluminium- and cobalt-containing copper alloys with high wear resistance; process for the manufacture of these alloys
WO1984001965A1 (en) * 1982-11-16 1984-05-24 Brockway Inc Aluminum bronze glassmaking molds
EP1193412A2 (en) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-03 Wieland-Werke AG Application of a copper-aluminium-based bronze as a bearing material
DE10047775C1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-18 Wieland Werke Ag Use of a copper-aluminum multi-component bronze
EP1193412A3 (en) * 2000-09-27 2004-03-03 Wieland-Werke AG Application of a copper-aluminium-based bronze as a bearing material
KR100842396B1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2008-07-01 빌란트-베르케악티엔게젤샤프트 Use of copper-aluminum multicomponent bronze as bearing material
US20070291814A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Fluke Corporation Insert and/or calibrator block formed of aluminum-bronze alloy, temperature calibration device using same, and methods of use
EP2667996B1 (en) 2011-01-26 2017-12-13 voestalpine Stahl GmbH Roller for guiding and/or supporting a strand in a continuous casting installation having a layer produced by build-up welding ; process of producing such a roller and use of such roll

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3410732A (en) Cobalt-base alloys
US3885959A (en) Composite metal bodies
US3767385A (en) Cobalt-base alloys
McAndrew et al. Ti-36 pct Al as a base for high temperature alloys
US3356542A (en) Cobalt-nickel base alloys containing chromium and molybdenum
US5792289A (en) Titanium alloy products and methods for their production
US3117002A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt, chromium, and manganese
US2798826A (en) Method of heat treating nickel bearing aluminum bronze alloys
US2979397A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and manganese
US4060411A (en) Precipitation-hardenable, nitrided aluminum alloys and nitrided mother alloys therefor
US3897618A (en) Powder metallurgy forging
USRE28552E (en) Cobalt-base alloys
JPS63140059A (en) High-strength aluminum alloy
US2874042A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and having improved wear resistance
US3025158A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy and method having improved wear resistance
JPH04176836A (en) Aluminum alloy excellent in wear resistance
US3392015A (en) Aluminum-base alloy for use at elevated temperatures
US2881511A (en) Highly wear-resistant sintered powdered metal
US2944890A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium
US2937941A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy containing manganese and chromium and having improved wear resistance
US2944889A (en) Aluminum bronze alloy containing chromium and having improved wear resistance
Unnikrishnan et al. An investigation on the effects of Co, Ti and Si on microstructure, hardness and wear properties of AlCuNiFe based entropy alloys
US3269825A (en) Method of producing homogeneous alloys containing refractory metals
US3343949A (en) Nickel-beryllium alloy and method of heat treating same
JPS6086237A (en) Cu-alloy for slide member