US2813404A - Refrigeration system - Google Patents

Refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2813404A
US2813404A US530730A US53073055A US2813404A US 2813404 A US2813404 A US 2813404A US 530730 A US530730 A US 530730A US 53073055 A US53073055 A US 53073055A US 2813404 A US2813404 A US 2813404A
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liquid
gas
compressor
vessel
refrigerant
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US530730A
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Sylvan R Hirsch
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Worthington Corp
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Worthington Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/02—Centrifugal separation of gas, liquid or oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration system and more particularly to a compression refrigeration systemusing a liquefiable fluid.
  • liquid refrigerant is expanded from the high sideof the system through an expansion valve into an evaporator where a portion of the liquid is gasified just by the expansion, and the remaining portion of the liquid is evaporated by heat being applied by the load imposed on the evaporator. This gas is then conducted to the compressor and the usual cycle of refrigeration results.
  • a common method to prevent the carry-over of entrained liquid into the compressor is to provide a large suction trap or accumulator where the velocity of the refrigerant vapor with the entrained liquid particles is dropped down to a low value so that the liquid cannot be picked up by the vapor portion of the mixture and carried into the compressor cylinder.
  • the difficulty with this solution of the problem is that the accumulator must be of very large size in order to get the velocity sufficiently low to be of any practical value.
  • means are provided to maintain the refrigerant vapor-liquid mixture velocity sufliciently high so that when the load in the evaporator varies and a large portion of liquid is entrained in a mixture it will cause a slight restriction in the suction line to the compressor. This will develop a pressure differential in the line so that the difference in pressure is suflicient to volatize a considerable amount of the entrained liquid to prevent carry-over to the compressor cylinder and thus avoid damage to the compressor.
  • the present invention provides a restricted area in communication with the suction line of the compressor which causes a pressure drop therethrough to produce a flashing of the entrained liquid in the vapor-liquid mixture which is drawn into the compressor suction line and can be handled thereby without any damage to the compressor.
  • Figure 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1.
  • the reference numeral designates a reciprocating compressor having cylinder heads 11 enclosing cylinders, only one cylinder 12 of which is shown.
  • a piston 13 is disposed in each cylinder for reciprocating movement therein.
  • a fluid-tight crankcase 14 is provided in the lower portion of the compressor housing.
  • a separator 15 is in communication with, the compressor through a compressor suction line 16 connected therebetween.
  • Separator 15 comprises a cylindrical vessel 18 with an axial opening in the top thereof and a tangential opening 19 in the upper side wall thereof.
  • the lower portion of vessel 18 forms a liquid compartment 20 for holding refrigerant liquid which has been separated from re frigerant gas, as hereinafter described.
  • a hollow casing 21 is disposed. in the upper portion of vessel 18 having inlet and outlet openings 22 and 23 respectively therein.
  • . is substantially bell-shaped.
  • Casing portions 24 and 25 are in spaced relationship with theinner surface of vessel 18 to form an annular chamber 26 therebetween in which refrigerant gas and liquid areyseparated from one another.
  • the lower edge of bell-shaped portion 25 extends to a point adjacent the inner surface of the vessel to provide a restricted annular opening or passageway 27 therebetween.
  • An evaporator 28 is in communication with separator 15through a discharge line 29 connected at one end tangential opening 19.
  • refrigerant gas which has been com-l pressed in the compressor 10 is passed through a condenser not shown and is condensed to a liquid. Thereafter the refrigerant liquid passes through an expansion valve not shown where a small portion of the liquid is gasified just by the expansion. The liquid-gas mixture then passes into the evaporator and the remaining portion of the liquid is evaporated by heat being applied by the load imposed on the evaporator. The evaporated or gasified refrigerant is thereafter discharged from the evaporator through discharge conduit 29. When all of the refrigerant liquid is not converted from a liquid into a gas, the entrained liquid is carried with the gas through line 29 and enters separator 15 through tangential opening 19.
  • the gas-liquid mixture upon entering vessel 18 has imparted thereto a rotary movement and travels around the inner surface of the casing.
  • the heavier liquid particles in the mixture are thrown to the outside of chamber 26 against the inner surface of the vessel while the lighter gaseous portions of the mixture are whirled in the chamber centrally of the liquid due to centrifugal force, and thus the liquid portion is separated from the gas portion of the mixture.
  • the separated liquid flows down the inner surface of the vessel through opening 27 into compartment 20.
  • the separated gas passes through opening 27, inwardly of the liquid, and is drawn through casing 21 into suction line 16 to be recompressed in compressor 10.
  • the liquid reduces the cross-sectional area of the passageway 27, or closes it off. This causes a momentary drop in pressure thereacross and there is a flashing of the liquid into a gas because of the pressure drop.
  • the gas thereafter passes through inlet opening 22 in the casing 21 and is discharged through outlet 23 into suction line 16 from whence it is drawn into the compressor for recompression therein.
  • a compressor a suction line connected to said compressor for flowing refrigerant gas therethrough to be compressed, a centrifugal separator to separate entrained liquid from refrigerant gas, said separator comprising a cylindrical vessel having a liquid compartment in the bottom thereof, a casing disposed in the upper portion of said vessel having a cylindrical upper portion and a bell-shaped lower portion in spaced relationship with the innersurface of'said vessel to form a gas-liquid chamber therebetween, said vessel having a tangential inlet opening in the upper portion thereof to receive refrigerant gas and entrained liquid therethrough for centrifuging in said gas-liquid chamber, the lower edge of said bell-shaped portion extending to a point adjacent the inner surface of said vessel to form a restricted annular opening therebetween to provide a.
  • said casing having an inlet in communication with said annular opening and an outlet in communication with said suction line for passing separated gas therethrough from the annular opening to said suction line;
  • a compressor a suction line connected to said compressor for flowing refrigerant gas therethrough to be compressed, an evaporator, a discharge line connected to said evaporator to receive refrigerant gas therefrom, a centrifugal separator to separate entrained liquid from refrigerant gas, said separator comprising a cylindrical vessel having a liquid compartmentin the bottom thereof, a casing disposed in the upper portion of said vessel having a cylindrical upper portion and a bell-shaped lower portion in spaced relationship with the inner surface of said vessel to form a gas-liquid chamber therebetween, said vessel having a tangential inlet opening in the upper portion thereof in communication with said discharge line to receive refrigerant gas and entrained liquid therethrough for centrifuging in said gas-liquid chamber, the lower edge of said bell-shaped portion extending to a point adjacent the inner surface of said vessel to form a restricted annular opening therebetweenv to provide a pressure drop thereacross when the quantity of liquid entrained in the gas reduces the size of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Description

Nov. 19, 1957 i s. R. HIRSCH 2,313,404
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 26, 1955 EVAPORATOR EXPANSION touomsea VALVE G 2 SYLVAN RHIRSCH IN V EN TOR.
United States PatentO REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Sylvan R. Hirsch, Longmeadow, Mass., assignor to Worthington Corporation, Harrison, N. J., a corporation of Delaware Application August 26, 1955, Serial No 530,730
2 Claims. (Cl. 62-115) The present invention relates to a refrigeration system and more particularly to a compression refrigeration systemusing a liquefiable fluid.
In a compression refrigeration system, liquid refrigerant is expanded from the high sideof the system through an expansion valve into an evaporator where a portion of the liquid is gasified just by the expansion, and the remaining portion of the liquid is evaporated by heat being applied by the load imposed on the evaporator. This gas is then conducted to the compressor and the usual cycle of refrigeration results.
In the evaporator, however, because of fluctuating loads, there are times when all the refrigerant is not converted from liquid into a gas and often the controls in the system are not sensitive enough to reduce the entrained liquid portion of the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the evaporator rapidly enough so that some of the entrained liquid in the mixture is carried over into the suction line of the compressorand thereby causes damage to the compressor.
A common method to prevent the carry-over of entrained liquid into the compressor is to provide a large suction trap or accumulator where the velocity of the refrigerant vapor with the entrained liquid particles is dropped down to a low value so that the liquid cannot be picked up by the vapor portion of the mixture and carried into the compressor cylinder. The difficulty with this solution of the problem is that the accumulator must be of very large size in order to get the velocity sufficiently low to be of any practical value.
In accordance with the present invention, means are provided to maintain the refrigerant vapor-liquid mixture velocity sufliciently high so that when the load in the evaporator varies and a large portion of liquid is entrained in a mixture it will cause a slight restriction in the suction line to the compressor. This will develop a pressure differential in the line so that the difference in pressure is suflicient to volatize a considerable amount of the entrained liquid to prevent carry-over to the compressor cylinder and thus avoid damage to the compressor.
The present invention provides a restricted area in communication with the suction line of the compressor which causes a pressure drop therethrough to produce a flashing of the entrained liquid in the vapor-liquid mixture which is drawn into the compressor suction line and can be handled thereby without any damage to the compressor.
The present invention together with its various features and objects will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawing in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a refrigeration apparatus embodying the present invention, and
Figure 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, the reference numeral designates a reciprocating compressor having cylinder heads 11 enclosing cylinders, only one cylinder 12 of which is shown. A piston 13 is disposed in each cylinder for reciprocating movement therein. A fluid-tight crankcase 14 is provided in the lower portion of the compressor housing. A separator 15 is in communication with, the compressor through a compressor suction line 16 connected therebetween.
Separator 15 comprises a cylindrical vessel 18 with an axial opening in the top thereof and a tangential opening 19 in the upper side wall thereof. The lower portion of vessel 18 forms a liquid compartment 20 for holding refrigerant liquid which has been separated from re frigerant gas, as hereinafter described. A hollow casing 21 is disposed. in the upper portion of vessel 18 having inlet and outlet openings 22 and 23 respectively therein.
. is substantially bell-shaped. Casing portions 24 and 25 are in spaced relationship with theinner surface of vessel 18 to form an annular chamber 26 therebetween in which refrigerant gas and liquid areyseparated from one another. The lower edge of bell-shaped portion 25 extends to a point adjacent the inner surface of the vessel to provide a restricted annular opening or passageway 27 therebetween.
An evaporator 28 is in communication with separator 15through a discharge line 29 connected at one end tangential opening 19.
In operation, refrigerant gaswhich has been com-l pressed in the compressor 10 is passed through a condenser not shown and is condensed to a liquid. Thereafter the refrigerant liquid passes through an expansion valve not shown where a small portion of the liquid is gasified just by the expansion. The liquid-gas mixture then passes into the evaporator and the remaining portion of the liquid is evaporated by heat being applied by the load imposed on the evaporator. The evaporated or gasified refrigerant is thereafter discharged from the evaporator through discharge conduit 29. When all of the refrigerant liquid is not converted from a liquid into a gas, the entrained liquid is carried with the gas through line 29 and enters separator 15 through tangential opening 19. The gas-liquid mixture upon entering vessel 18 has imparted thereto a rotary movement and travels around the inner surface of the casing. The heavier liquid particles in the mixture are thrown to the outside of chamber 26 against the inner surface of the vessel while the lighter gaseous portions of the mixture are whirled in the chamber centrally of the liquid due to centrifugal force, and thus the liquid portion is separated from the gas portion of the mixture. Thereafter, the separated liquid flows down the inner surface of the vessel through opening 27 into compartment 20. The separated gas passes through opening 27, inwardly of the liquid, and is drawn through casing 21 into suction line 16 to be recompressed in compressor 10.
Should the load on the evaporator be sufliciently low so that there is a large portion of entrained liquid in the mixture, the liquid reduces the cross-sectional area of the passageway 27, or closes it off. This causes a momentary drop in pressure thereacross and there is a flashing of the liquid into a gas because of the pressure drop. The gas thereafter passes through inlet opening 22 in the casing 21 and is discharged through outlet 23 into suction line 16 from whence it is drawn into the compressor for recompression therein. Thus, the present invention provides apparatus which produces a centrifugal Patented Nov. 19, 1957,
the apparatus disclosed without departing from the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention is not to be-limited except by the scope of the appended claims;
What is claimed is:
1. In a refrigeration system, a compressor, a suction line connected to said compressor for flowing refrigerant gas therethrough to be compressed, a centrifugal separator to separate entrained liquid from refrigerant gas, said separator comprising a cylindrical vessel having a liquid compartment in the bottom thereof, a casing disposed in the upper portion of said vessel having a cylindrical upper portion and a bell-shaped lower portion in spaced relationship with the innersurface of'said vessel to form a gas-liquid chamber therebetween, said vessel having a tangential inlet opening in the upper portion thereof to receive refrigerant gas and entrained liquid therethrough for centrifuging in said gas-liquid chamber, the lower edge of said bell-shaped portion extending to a point adjacent the inner surface of said vessel to form a restricted annular opening therebetween to provide a. pressure drop thereacross when the quantity of liquid entrained in the gas reduces the size of said opening to vaporize the liquid, said casing having an inlet in communication with said annular opening and an outlet in communication with said suction line for passing separated gas therethrough from the annular opening to said suction line;
2. In a refrigeration system, a compressor, a suction line connected to said compressor for flowing refrigerant gas therethrough to be compressed, an evaporator, a discharge line connected to said evaporator to receive refrigerant gas therefrom, a centrifugal separator to separate entrained liquid from refrigerant gas, said separator comprising a cylindrical vessel having a liquid compartmentin the bottom thereof, a casing disposed in the upper portion of said vessel having a cylindrical upper portion and a bell-shaped lower portion in spaced relationship with the inner surface of said vessel to form a gas-liquid chamber therebetween, said vessel having a tangential inlet opening in the upper portion thereof in communication with said discharge line to receive refrigerant gas and entrained liquid therethrough for centrifuging in said gas-liquid chamber, the lower edge of said bell-shaped portion extending to a point adjacent the inner surface of said vessel to form a restricted annular opening therebetweenv to provide a pressure drop thereacross when the quantity of liquid entrained in the gas reduces the size of said opening to vaporize the liquid, said casing having an inlet in communication With said annular opening and an outlet in communication with said suction line for passing separated gas therethrough from the annular opening to said suction line.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,015,464 Saint-Jacques Sept. 24, 1935 2,187,646 Darrieus Jan. 16, 1940 2,343,514 McCormack Mar. 7, 1944 2,466,863 Phillips Apr. 12, 1949 2,474,892 Ecabert July 5, 1949 2,512,758 Winkler June 27, 1950' 2,645,884 Kellie July 21, 1953
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064449A (en) * 1960-11-28 1962-11-20 Task Corp Refrigerant compressor
US3304741A (en) * 1965-08-31 1967-02-21 American Radiator & Standard Oil separator arrangement for a refrigeration system
US3498074A (en) * 1966-11-23 1970-03-03 Ranco Inc Control system for refrigerating apparatus
US3978685A (en) * 1975-07-14 1976-09-07 Thermo King Corporation Means for trapping oil lost during startup of refrigerant compressors
US4008581A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-02-22 Sharon Manufacturing Company Suction accumulator
US4009596A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-03-01 Tecumseh Products Company Suction accumulator
US4041728A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-08-16 Tecumseh Products Company Suction accumulator
DE2650935A1 (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-05-18 Danfoss As ENCLOSED COOLING MACHINE
US4141223A (en) * 1976-11-08 1979-02-27 Danfoss A/S Encapsulated refrigerator
US4312187A (en) * 1980-04-14 1982-01-26 Lillian S. Myers Method and apparatus for separating oil from a refrigerant
US4583377A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-04-22 Thermo King Corporation Refrigerant suction accumulator, especially for transport refrigeration unit
US5435149A (en) * 1994-04-28 1995-07-25 Frigoscandia Equipment Aktiebolag Refrigeration system
EP0672875A2 (en) * 1994-03-15 1995-09-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Air conditioning system, accumulator therefor and method of manufacturing the accumulator
US5906112A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-05-25 Ford Motor Company Accumulator for an air conditioning system
WO2002004876A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Dantherm Hms A/S A cooling system for active and passive operation

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2015464A (en) * 1933-08-10 1935-09-24 Saint-Jacques Eugene Camille Separator
US2187646A (en) * 1935-08-16 1940-01-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Separator
US2343514A (en) * 1941-03-14 1944-03-07 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2466863A (en) * 1947-07-03 1949-04-12 Harry A Phillips Refrigerant injector and surge drum arrangement
US2474892A (en) * 1944-01-27 1949-07-05 Baker Refrigeration Corp Equalizing check valve for compressors
US2512758A (en) * 1946-10-03 1950-06-27 Winkler Morgenthaler Inc Combined refrigerant purifier and control apparatus
US2645884A (en) * 1949-12-01 1953-07-21 Edward P Kellie Pressure regulating valve

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2015464A (en) * 1933-08-10 1935-09-24 Saint-Jacques Eugene Camille Separator
US2187646A (en) * 1935-08-16 1940-01-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Separator
US2343514A (en) * 1941-03-14 1944-03-07 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2474892A (en) * 1944-01-27 1949-07-05 Baker Refrigeration Corp Equalizing check valve for compressors
US2512758A (en) * 1946-10-03 1950-06-27 Winkler Morgenthaler Inc Combined refrigerant purifier and control apparatus
US2466863A (en) * 1947-07-03 1949-04-12 Harry A Phillips Refrigerant injector and surge drum arrangement
US2645884A (en) * 1949-12-01 1953-07-21 Edward P Kellie Pressure regulating valve

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064449A (en) * 1960-11-28 1962-11-20 Task Corp Refrigerant compressor
US3304741A (en) * 1965-08-31 1967-02-21 American Radiator & Standard Oil separator arrangement for a refrigeration system
US3498074A (en) * 1966-11-23 1970-03-03 Ranco Inc Control system for refrigerating apparatus
US3978685A (en) * 1975-07-14 1976-09-07 Thermo King Corporation Means for trapping oil lost during startup of refrigerant compressors
US4008581A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-02-22 Sharon Manufacturing Company Suction accumulator
US4009596A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-03-01 Tecumseh Products Company Suction accumulator
US4041728A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-08-16 Tecumseh Products Company Suction accumulator
US4142380A (en) * 1976-11-08 1979-03-06 Danfoss A/S Encapsulated refrigerator
FR2370245A1 (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-06-02 Danfoss As PERFECTIONED UNDERGROUND REFRIGERATION MACHINE
US4141223A (en) * 1976-11-08 1979-02-27 Danfoss A/S Encapsulated refrigerator
DE2650935A1 (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-05-18 Danfoss As ENCLOSED COOLING MACHINE
US4312187A (en) * 1980-04-14 1982-01-26 Lillian S. Myers Method and apparatus for separating oil from a refrigerant
US4583377A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-04-22 Thermo King Corporation Refrigerant suction accumulator, especially for transport refrigeration unit
EP0672875A2 (en) * 1994-03-15 1995-09-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Air conditioning system, accumulator therefor and method of manufacturing the accumulator
EP0672875A3 (en) * 1994-03-15 1997-01-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air conditioning system, accumulator therefor and method of manufacturing the accumulator.
US5435149A (en) * 1994-04-28 1995-07-25 Frigoscandia Equipment Aktiebolag Refrigeration system
US5906112A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-05-25 Ford Motor Company Accumulator for an air conditioning system
WO2002004876A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Dantherm Hms A/S A cooling system for active and passive operation
GB2379973A (en) * 2000-07-06 2003-03-26 Dantherm Hms As A cooling system for active and passive operation
GB2379973B (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-12-01 Dantherm Hms As A cooling system for active and passive operation

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