US2610411A - Method of and apparatus for burning fumes - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 16, 1952 M. c. STEESE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING FUMES 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 28, 1947 INVENTOR Nara/5 C. jzeese BY @WA ia; T ATTORNEYS P 952 M. c. STEESE 2,610,411

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING FUMES Filed Nov. 28, 1947 a 5 She'ets-Sheet 2 GIIIIIIIIIE INVEVNTOR Marcus C. SZeese ATTORNEY:

Sept. 16, 1952 M. c. STEESE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING FUMES Filed Nov. 28., 1947 5 Sheets-Sh et I5 INVENTOR Marcus C. Sneex Sept. 16, 1952 M. c. STEESE 2,610,411

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING 'FUMES Filed Nov. 28, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 n Ff INVENTOR Marcus C. finesse ATTORNEYS Sept. 16, 1952 M. c. STEESE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING FUMES 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 28, 1947 INVENTOR Narcw C. jzeese BY 27 ii Z" 1 ATTORNEYJ 7 proved enamel'in'g oven or Patented Sept. 16, 1952 UNITED; STAT FOR 7' BURNING FUMES v lyfiar-cus C.'Stcese, Hamburg N. Y. Q Application November 28, iaim seriainonsense 2c Glaims.

,This invention relates to the disposal oiiwaste products and more particularly to 'itheenameling oven art.

"In the enameling oi articles and' especially 7 wire is passed through magnet wire; the article or thence "into. the bakan enamel bath and from ing chamber; The volatile oonte'ntt'oiithe enamel which is carried by the article 'fromthebath. into the chamber is given o-ff-in the form' of a fume or-vapor which, when dischargediinto. the: outside atmosphere, is objectionable and becomes a nuisance to the neighborhood aSl'WBH as to the personnel of the enamelin'g plant itself; Impractical attempts have been made to dispose of the fume, as by absorbing thesameiinwater or solvents, or by burning fuel at an enormous expense..

Theprimary object of the presentinvention is to provide an improved methcd ofiand: apparatus for disposing of the obnoxious 'fumeiirornenameling ovens economically and' in 'a; practical "and satisfactory manner whereby utmost: 'efficiencyis secured-in plant operation and fume removal and burning. Further theinvention has for its object the disposal of the fume ina manner advantageous to the enamelingproce'ss'.

The' foregoin'g and other objects iwilllm'aniiest themselves asthe following description iprogresses, reference being'had'to the accompanying drawing wherein:

the samewith additional Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional viewofrtherimefurnace? taken? about on line 'I--I' of Fig; 2 and by which the improved method may be practiced; V N

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of "the enameling oven, partly in section, taken about on line ELI-II oiFig.1;' 1

Fig. 3 is a viewer the oven in horizontal cross section as viewed about on line- III--III of Fig. 1.; Fig. '4 is aslightly enlarged view in vertical cross section through one of: the: combustion chambers, taken about on'line'ZIV-JV of Fig. 3.; Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section through the combustion chamber taken abouton line V-'V of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an end elevation, enameling oven; v Fig. '7' is a horizontal sectional: viewabout on line 1- 1 of Fig. 8 showing a mo ifiedxenameling oven;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary verticalsectional view through such modified oven construction about on line 8-8 of-Figfl; r

Fig. -9 isa transversevertical sectional view taken about on lineIX- IXo'f Fig.7;

in fragmenhof the Fig; '10 is; a view similar to Fig. '7, but showing -a;:furthermodification as viewed about on. line tit-19: of. Fig. 11.; V

Fig..- llx'is a vertical section on the modified enameling oven shown in Fig. 10 as'viewed about "on line" l:l--=|l therein;- I

Fig; His a fragmentary vertical transverse-see ti-o'n'al view; taken about on line XII- -XII of Fig. 11;1 V

Fig 13' is a vertical. sectional view of an enameling chamber heated by gas burners; and .Fig. i4 is a diagrammatic view showing a 'further' embodiment ofthe present invention.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, the enameling chamber I is suitably'insulated, as indicated. at 2. The chamber'maybe disposed either vertically or" horizontally, and the baking heat is furnished: through'a. fuel burning process from which the highly-heated products of combustion pass into the chamber where they may directly contact the coated article, or they may 'beiconfined againstc omrningling with the enameling fume. Where 'the'heated gases are confined one or more heating elemen-ts 3 may be provided. In Fig. 1, two such heating elements are: shown. The wire 4 to be coated passes between such heaters-after leaving the enamel bath One end of the enameling chamber is closed. by a wall 6-,.having awire slot-like entrance i through which the several strands of wire'move, whi'l-ej the-opposite end of the chamber is closed by a wall fi which has awire exit in the form of a slo't '9. The: slot Iis of sufficient size to ad- 'mit the necessary'ameunt of air for diluting and thereby rendering the volatile matter or fume safefrom explosion. Thisis a precautionary measure if not a legal requirement. The; exit slot-permits the escape of the: air-diluted fume streamv trom the chamber into a hood i0- usually under its own heat head. Where the enameling oven is horizontal, the heat head may include an assisting fan. 'The fumeis-drawn off from the hood it under a very light urge by a .fan ll.

Where wire is" suitably" supportedin its travel through the enamelingchamber by rolls l2 and it onto which it passes from a suitable source of supply'ansl an intermediate booster drum. M, additional rollers i 5- serving to guide the wire strands outside the chamber, all in the customary manner for maintaining the proper tension on the wire. The enameling process requires very; accurate and consistent heat control-for evaporating the solvent in the enamel coating and baking the isthe object to be channeled,- it a latter on the wire. Heretofore the enamel fume has discharged into the outside atmosphere. The temperature of the discharging fume may approximate 700 F., or thereabouts. Therefore, in addition to the obnoxious fume nuisance, a considerable waste of heat energy or B. t. u. has been made. With the present invention this heretofore wasted B. t. u. and latent heat are conserved for burning the enamel fume in the combustion chamber of the enameling oven or furnace. One or more combustion chambers may be employed. In the embodiment of Fig. 1

two combustion chambers I6 have been illustrated, each provided with a burner or nozzle I1' and forming a part of a confined space I9 .into which the enamel fume flows from the hood 10. A larger confined space may accommodate plural burners. After the fume is burned the gaseous products of combustion pass out through a drum extension I9 of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber l6, I9, which starts at the delivery end of the nozzle, thereforeconstitutes a part of the confined space. The hot gases will flow upwardly through a bottom opening 20 of a heater 3 and finally out through stack 2i into the atmosphere. Thus the bottom opening or communication 20 constitutes a means for furnishin heat to the lowermost portion of the heating element 3 and thereby concentrates the heat close to the entranceway for prompt ac-' tion upon the freshlycoated wire as it enters the baking or enameling chamber. The peak of the heat curve within the enameling chamber is thereby located adjacent the entrance with the result that the baking process is accelerated, the

wire may be moved faster through the chamber in the presence of this increased heat, and a saving of fuel is accomplished over the heretofore practice of injecting heat well up in the chamber toward the slot 9 which now becomes largely unnecessary. Furthermore, the location of the drum l9 beneath its heater and within the enameling chamber will augment the supply of heatclose to the entranceway I.

As the fume and air mixture is drawn from the hood I by the fan II it is conducted by a conduit 22 over into the entranceway 23 of the confined space I8 where it may be deflected by a bafiie 24, Fig. 4, to a location well to the rear of the delivery end of the burner I! for proper translatory flow into the combustion chamber through the throat 25. In practice, the conduit 22, the fan I l, and the hood I!) will be thoroughly insulated (not shown herein for the sake of clearness) to maintain the hot fume temperature against cooling sufficiently to condense upon the adjacent wall.

Within the combustion chamber complete combustion of the burner-supplied fuel as well as a thorough burning of the fume occurs. Additional air must be admitted in volume suflicient to supply the required oxygen over and above the fume-diluting and. oxygen supplying air admitted through the slot 1. Preferably, this additional oxygen is admitted from the room atmosphere through a slot 26 in the top of the hood. The capacity of the slot is regulated to guard against cooling the fume stream to a vapor condensing degree. Such control is efiected by a valve 21 which is vertically adjustable on a bracket 28 by any suitable means. The valve will be fixed in a given adjustment by set screws 28 and may be streamlined in shape, as at'29, to deflect and direct the inflowing air. The adjacent underlying surface 30 also may be streamlined so' as to deflect a part of the fume stream, after it enters the hood under its heat head velocity from the enameling chamber, for inducing or effecting the inflow of air through the opening 26. This will serve to prevent the escape of fume from the hood through the slot 26 into the room atmosphere.

In addition to the fume deflection aforesaid there is provided within the hood a vane or surface which extends from the exit fume slot 9 with an upwardly streamlined curve whereby another part of the fume under its heat head velocity will follow such vane surface contour and thereby direct the stream of fume and extra air toward the discharge end of the vane. This vane or surface 36' may be adjustably fixed by a suspending hanger 30". It will be noted that this fume stream emanating from the slot 9 is under its own heat head and consequently the enameling oven temperature is maintained at an efficient degree. To insure this efficiency, the force-of the fan is preferably not impressed upon the fume stream adjacent the slot 9, but rather toward the outer or discharge end ofthe surface 30' and this is facilitated by providing the large intermediate chamber. By adjusting the hanger 3D" the space above the discharge end of the surface may be varied and consequently the suction influence of the fan upon the fume stream and air mixture within the hood may be varied to pull in more .or less air through the opening 26 without interference, or substantial interference, to the natural flow of the fume from the 'slot 9 under its own heat head. The force of the fan is regulated by a damper 3| placed in the suction side thereof for pullingthe fume and extra air away from the hood. The delivery of the fanto the respective confined spaces l8 may be regulated by individual dampers 3|. The oven operator mayreadily determine the condition of the flame through a peep hole 33 and accordingly adjust one or more of the several dampers. All excess air above theoretical air may thereby be excluded with a consequential saving in fuel; The capacity of the air slot 26,

through which the enameled wire strands emerge from the hood, will be determined according to the gauge of the wire to be processed. A single adjustment of the valve 21 may serve a wide range of sizes of wire as may also a given setting of the vane"30'; r

To burn enamel fume thoroughly requires intense heat; so much so thatprevious attempts to burn the fume have consumed such an increased volume of fuelas to render the procedure impractical and prohibitive because of the added cost. In contrast,.the practice of the present invention enables the enameling process to be carried on, and a complete burning of the enamel fume effected, with a fuel consumption substantially less than that heretofore required to opcrate an enameling oven alone without any fume burning. r I

To accomplish this purpose in the present disclosure, the burner I1 is disposed off center and close to one wall or side of the throat 25 of the confined space, in a manner somewhat similar to the burner shown in my Patent No. 1,736,675. Along with this off-center displacement the burner nozzle is tilted slightly toward the wall to make the restricted induction eifective in depressing the jet and flame toward the wall, in accordance with a well-known law, the issuing fuel jet and flame moving substantially parallel to the wall 32;; being conformed thereto by the anionic pressure differential set ancanithoutnestrcc tire impingement thereagain'st. frhisxsurrace contour path or the name is' securedbyiinclining itselfbetween tnezrelativelycooler-fumemixture andthe wall surface 32 toibe'heated so that the; wall will be more highly heatedfandithis in .turn willcause the flame to intensify:its temperature with the result that the/flame temperature will buil'daiitself "up; approximately '01" close to the theoretic flame temperatureand sufiiciently'high intoitheifiameifor consumption; whilesthe super heatedsur'fac'e fl; which i'iniextent reaches: from a point. immediately infront of ithetburner nozzle to apoint substantially totheend oi -the flamaiis protected against cooling i contact thel fume andair Imixture. The presence of the drum extensionsv [9' of the combustion?chambersiiin-zthe to :burn the :fume content. A flame temperature is. tithereby'zin'suredto complete the burning of the fume'tas 1 well as the fuel in the presence or theair content of the induced mixture. The ad ditional. volume. of air admitted through the regulated opening. 2B1may be slightly in excess offithat actually required both for burning the fume and for supporting the combustion of the fuel? insthe; confined space or combustion chamber; for-slightlyzc'ooling' or tempering 'ofithe high temperature of the-products of :combustion prior to-i'their 'entrydnto the. heating elements 3 to avoid injurythereto. By regulating the. dampers 01' valves 3| and SI the volume of additionalair entering through the opening 26 may bevaried so' that the fan will draw in more or lessaddi tional air to secure'and maintain the desired 7 and brought into the baking chamber through the entrance slot 1 Wh'ereiiit is immediately acted mission of 1 the products of combustion. into. the

. lowermost. cavity portions of the heating elemerits" a. It is .noted that these lowermost portionspf the" heating elements depend below 'the upper. surface of the platform' orl" oven-support ingfraincimembers 34 and that .the bottomJconnection's .20 function to deliverzthe hot combos tionpro'ductsinto the depending lower portions 3 .ofrsuchheating' elements. As previously stated, thedelivery of. the hot gases into thelower por= tions 'serve'to concentrate the heat" close t'o the entranceway within the baking chamber A plotted graph 'ofthecheat :curve" the combustion chamber, as compared to the former practice, will show the pealrof'thelh'eai'. curve lowered substantially within the baking: orenameling chamber, bringing it closer to'the "slot 1 and accelerating aswell as expediting the: enamel baking process. Consequently the wiremay be run faster through the chamber. Further; it becomes unnecessary'to supplyad'ditional heat higher upgin the chamber; I

I The .hotfume emanatingt'fr'om' the chamber will flow out into. the .hood or compartment l0 and in transit therethroughintake other air through slot 2 zaberore; being: drawn off by the fan and delivered to the confined space I 8 where the fume particles and oxygen willibe inducted upon by the intense heat. provided by the :ad-

lowermost portion 0f the *enameling chamber andjon oppositesidesof the entering wire-strands, further 'insuresthe in'imediatetappli'cation1 of a high; baking temperature to the;bath--tcoated.'object as it enters. a V

The. supply of'fuel tothe burner may lie-rogu lated by a 'suitablcontiolgsuch. as a delicate py-romet'er control indicated at 35 which 'controi functions to openror'close' thecontrol valve 36inaccordance with temperature conditions within the enameling or baking chamber lg. :n bypass valve 31 may "be maintained constantly opened to supply a prescribed minimum volume of :fuel to the burner whenever the fpyrometercontrol'led valve 36 is closed; The manipulation of the dampers 3l' will call for a response by the pyrometer control and result in, a modification of the :fuel supplied the burner accordingly. completeshut-off of the fuel-can be'efrected by a service valve 38. r

The induction 'of'the. fume; stream mixture into the combustion chamber ore-confined space may be termed a restricted induction in that the inductionis not uniform enti-rely about the axis of the fuel jet from the burner; The flame will lay itself upon the side wall 320i the'confined space and protect it-from the'cooling influence 1 of the fume stream. Upon all other-.sidessof the burning jet f-ree' induction will'obt'ain by which the fume particles will'be drawn into the flame and consumed in the presence of the fuel and the supplied air content, The high temperature developed-bythe restricted induction insures a completed combustion before the combustible products pass into the fiues 20. Another reaction of this burning, is that it keeps relatively super posed layers'of high temperaturev name and fuel iii-process of-combustion between the surface-32 to be heated and the incoming fume stream. Therefore, the adjacent wall surface is brought nearer to the theoretical flame temperature with airesultant larger" proportion of radiant heat, the fuel moving inwardly until combustion is completed. The fuel is laid incproximity to and moves substantially parallel to the surface to bring the flame temperature u'pjto the fume burning intensity approximating the theoretical flame temperature. I he radiant heat attendant to this intense heat of. combustion will enter into the fume consuming process to aid in the elimination ofany' trace of fume from the products of combustion. a a

The burner nozzle: l1 may be" withdrawn a-Jdistance from the throat portion 25,- as indicatedat Ha, and'a cooperating nozzle fl-h arranged at an angle thereto so that their jets will converge to a point off center, or closer to one side of the confined space, with the result that'fuel issuing fromthe' angularly displaced nozzle [Th-will 'de-- flect and spread. the resultant fflame from the contact point of convergence andtcurardL'the surface 3'2 which is to be heated. The burner nozzle in Fig. 3 is therefore compoundi-n character. This flame deflection w'i'llserve to position the jet and flame at the. correct angle of i-n-- clinati0n,- with respect to theside wallSZ "where theiet. velocity will cause the: :iiameto-adhereclose tothe wall surface to obtain the. advantages of the restricted induction as aforesaid.

The heaters 3 may be of any approved form. By wayof illustration, and referring. to 'Fig; 8, each heating element may be in the form of a hollow casing having a vertical series of transverse baflles with the alternate ones being staggered so as to provide oppositely arranged openings 4| which serve to definea zig-zag or back and forth flow of the products of combustion from the lowermost portion of the casing to the uppermost portion thereof from whence such products of combustion will discharge through V the stack 2| to the atmosphere outside of the building. A damper 3|" may beprovided in each stack to'controllably retard the chamber heating stream of gaseous products in its flow through each heating element and thereby permit a regulated heating of the enameling chamber.

In lieu of the double combustion chambers being arranged beneath the'heaters 3, they may be disposed laterally and to one side of the enambling chamber I, as shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, or a single combustion chamber or confined space may be provided for both heating elements, as shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. Otherwise, these two modifications are generally identical and therein the fuel jet is indicated by the numeral l'l' while the fume conveying passage is indicated by the numeral 22', both leading into the confined space I8 andcommunicating with the combustion chamber, with the drum extension thereof being indicated by the numeral 42 in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 and by the numeral 43 inFigs.7,8and9. a

The enameling oven is suitably supported on the framework 34' with the lowermost'part 3 of each heating element depending beneath the upper level of the framework, in a manner similar to the heaters of the embodiment shown in Figs.

1 through 6. However, in lieu of the combustion chamber discharging upwardly,-as in Fig. 1, each combustion chamber is supported above the framework 34' to discharge its products of combustion through lateral connecting passages (43 in Figs. '7, 8 and Qand 42' in Figs. 10, 11 and 12) into the heating element in a'plane abovethe lowermost or depending art 3 thereof. For concentrating the enamel-baking heat. close to the entranceway 1, provision. is made to carry the heating and. gaseous products of. combustion down into such lowermost part 3'. This will bring the peak of the heat curve well down in the enameling chamber and serve to accelerate the enameling process, as has been previously set forth in the description of theinitialembodiment. To this end the enameling chamber is supported upon the frame structure 34 between the side uprights or frame members 44 of channel form. A cover plate 45 seats upon each channeled upright 44 to form therewith a vertical flue 46. Each flue communicates with the two heating elements by nipples 41 which are so disposed as to 7 cause the chamber-heating gases to enter the zigzag heating stream at intervals and in the direction of fiow. In other words, the heating stream will enter the lowermost or'first pass A, Fig. 8, from the right flue 46 so as to initiate the flow toward the left before passage upwardly through the left pass-connecting opening 4| into the pass B where the nipples from the left flue 46 will discharge further increments of hot gas into the heating stream to thereby urge the flow back toward the right, and again upwardly through the right hand pass-connecting opening 4| into thenextJupp'er or third pass C, at which'point the second pair of nipples 41in the right flue 46 will discharge other increments of the heating fluid into the hot stream, thereby giving added impetus thereto. A special L-shaped nipple 41' will serve to conduct the hot gasesinto the depending'lowermostfpart '3' through the supporting frame structure'34. This special nipple provides a bottom opening and constitutes a means for furnishing heat to such depending lowermost portion of the heater in the same manner as the heat supplying connections .20, heretofore described. This special heat supplying means 41', together withthe immediately superimposed nipple '41, i will constitute a pair of nipples for furnishing the lowermost pass'A with the shot products of combustion;

To concentrate the heat in the lowermost portion of the heating element,v the special nipple 41', the next superimposed nipple 41, and the lower nipple 4'! of pass B all have constant communication with their respective vertical fiues 46,while the remaining nipples thereabove will be given permissive and selective communication with the respective fiues by valves 48. In certain enameling operations all of the valves 48 may be seated to close their respective nipples 41 so that the heating stream will enter the heating element only. through the three constantly opened nippies. Should additional heat be required-the valves may be selectively opened without affecting the concentrated heat application to the freshly coated wire as it enters the baking chamber. Y

If more heat is desired in the lowermost pass A, one or more additional nipples 4'! may be provided in open communication with the respective manifold-forming flue 46. The baflles in the companion heating element, shown by the dotted lines 40, Figs. 8 and 11, may be staggered relative to those. in the full line showing and consequently the communicating nipples will be arranged in reverse order. 7 The heating streams of the two elements will'therefore flow in opposite directions through the passes to better distribute the enamel bakingheat. In lieu of the heat supplying vertical lines 46, individual gas burners 50 may be provided for supplying the heat. The products of combustion from such burners will enter the respective passes A, B, D, as shown in Fig. 13, with special provision being made in the formof a bottom burner 50'v to supply the lowermost portion 3' with the important bake-accelerating heat. This bottom burner, like the other bottom heat-supplyingmeans 20-, 47', will act to concentrate the heat application to the zone immediately adjacent the entrance slot 1 to lower the peak of the heat curve down in the lower part of the enameling oven; The gas burners may be of any approved: form ,such as the: well known Kemp gas burner, the gas beingsupplied to these burners by pipe connections. A protecting layer of heat insulating material 6" may be placed upon the bottom wall 6 in which the entrance slot 1' is formed to retain the heat within the enameling chamber.

In a wire enameling process it is very desirable, and imperative for the greatest efficiency, to maintain the enamel bath at a predetermined temperature. It is also highly desirable to maintain a predetermined room temperature so that as the wire strands'lift out of the bath the fresh enamel coating will enterthe slot 1 in proper condition for the baking process. By reason of ard n thefact. that the enamel fume has. been completely disposed of-byptheburning process above set'forth, the stack productsof' combustion which are still hot may: be utilized, in accordance with this invention, :to maintain the bath androom atmosphere at-thedesired temperature. To this end the products of" combustion may be con.- ducted from. the stack 2 "through suitable radiators strategically located in the rroom, Q1 the stack gas may.- bepassed through a steam boiler 52 for generating steam to be supplied to the radiator 53. bythesteam conducting pipes 54. The radiator maybe suitably located at proper points on the side wallofthe'room. r

The enameling prooessandapparatus above set forth is highly efficient .in' that the fume is completely consumed without any trace; appear? ing in thefrnal dischargeof'the products of combustion to. the outside atmosphere. The. restricted'induction creates; the high fume burning temperature: with a. minimum consumption of fuel. Byburning-the .f-ume at this high tempera-v ture'heretofore wastedenergy: or'Bg. t; u. is conserved by-conducting the hot fume stream from the enameling chamber into. the confined space while, maintaining: the fume stream temperature close towhat. it. was when emerging from the chamber. The. employmentof the bottom heate ins mean's fortheheati-ng elements 3enables the enameling process to be expedited by lowering the peak; of the heat curve within the "baking chamber and: at the sam'e'ti-me permits a gradual cooling of thewir'e above the peak to a safe tem-e peraturefor emerging from the chamber. .And finally the complete: burning. oftheiumeenables furtherconservation-oi the heat energy in the maintenanceoil'the bath and room temperatures. In addition to the'restricted induction which creates the high flame temperature there "will also be a freer induction of the fume" particles from the fume and air stream throughout the length of: the flame; These fume particles are drawn -into;I-the flame and therefore in .what might be considered a partially completed flame action there willbe found four constituents, namely iunconsum-ed fuel gas, air; fume, and "the products of combustion, with the first three beingieventually consumed andpassingoff in the oven. heating stream of hotcombnstion products.

- Theburner 'nozzle: H may besuspended or mounted: for angular adjustment as wellasfor adjustment 'in and outof the throat 25 to en-.- able-proper placement of the jet and flamefor securing the desired restricted induction. The terms enameli and fun-le are herein used in a comprehensive manner to include like industrial operations wherein objectionable 'fume, dust, and the like, emanate from aprocessing chamber. In the appended" claims the expressionssuch. as close to one side of suchconfined space aregto be understood as locating the cent-ral axis of the :fuel flow oroutlet at a suificient distancetfrom the central axis of the throat 25 to causefla greater induction one part of the cross sectional. area thereof than in other parts 'there-. of, and atthe same time, direct the-flowof the i-uelielements andtheil'ame into the combustion chamber in a manner to maintainthem substantially in 'now'contact with the surface to be heated in cont-rastto flame impingement. While the foregoing description has been given detail, it is without thought of limitation'sinc t 'e inventive principles involved are capable of suming other physical embodiments, and-'fthe fiume consuming process. or method capable 3 of being practiced with such'otherphysical embodiments; without departing. from the spirit of the invention and the scope. of the appended claims;

What is claimed is: l

l. The method of' burning enamel fume, consisting in withdrawing the hot fume from an enamel ing' chamber under its own heat head, conducting the fume stream while hot into a confined space;directing fuel under pressure close to one 'Wallor such confined space to restrict the induction of the fume over such wall and thereby enable the more intense heating of the'lattei -for burning thefume deliveredby the induction of the jeti-r all; other parts of said coniined space, and controllably admit-ting additional airinto the fume stream for supporting the burning of the fuel and the fume. V

2. The methqd'oi burning fume, consisting in directing an ignited jet, of fuel under pressure into a conf ned space close to one wall thereof for eiifecti g restricted induction over such wall and free induction'in all other parts of the con fined space about the jet thereby to cause the jet flame to depress toward and extend along said wall to heat it to. anir tense heat by reason of the restriction in the amount; of thecooling 3; The method of burn g me consi ting. in s h g n an gni ed t o .f l under pres: sure into a confined space close to one side wall thereof for effecting restricted induction at such s de a d fre in i mall; other p rts or the confined space about the jet thereby to cause the jet to hug to said side wall; and. heat it to an intense heat n preqliidine a cooling c ntac f the lby ir and i edins a stream o ai nd t m-e m xture, as it le ve anenamd: ns, Q amben to the, confi ed space for such rest cted induc ion. admitting di on l ai int the str am sn cient tosu-p o t e fuel om: t n andthe fume consumpt on by h f ame, utilizing the p du ts of t e; fuel. and u e. s m bustier o sup ly cheat to the. enameling -cham r'd i c ntinuin the ate. of new ci r cm: stion produ ts. llht dl gh vtheei a. -Iie Iie; m.- to r e l teth enam l bakingyt r p ime h e p eclud ng. pu l: union t e m xture d s-an in uct on d stu b n r 4- A, wi e ame ng ..furna e comprising enamel baking chamber havin av en rance and. a wire exit rou h whi h... atter the. Wi l a e v th chamb r with di ute fume re m. a h atin ele. ent: ar an ed ,for heatin he chamber, a co ned. combustion space con me ed. o' h heating el mentior deliver ng the hot gases of combustion into the heating 'elee ment for rendering the same operative, a fuel nozzle delivering a jet; of fuel into, the confined space closer to, one wall thereof forobtaining. a restricted induction along the wall by the jet and free induction elsewhere. about the jet thereby to cause the jetflame to hug the wall for heating the same more intensely for fume burning, and means foradirecting a flow ofth fume streainirorn the exit opening into the confined space. g

5. The method or supplying f and burning enameling oven fume, consisting in directing a jet of'ignited fuel intoa eonii ned space,;-supplying mix tnre of air =fu-me to 'such space,

controlling'the volume of air so supplied substantially to that required to complete the combus'tion of the fuel and the fume only, holding the jet flame close to one wall of the confined space to restrict the jet induction of the mixture over such wall, regulating the inclination of the jet flame toward such wall to lay the flame substantially upon the wall to heat the same to a fume-burning temperature, and leaving the jet effective more freely on the mixture elsewhere in such confined space to supply the combustion-supporting air to the fuel and fume exposed in said other parts of the confined space.

6. The method of burning enameling oven fume, consisting in introducing fume from an oven along with added air into a confined space, then directing an ignited jet of fuel close to and inclining toward one wall of such confined space for restricting the induction of air and fume over such wall to lay the flame along the wall to heat the same, and feeding into the flame by the freer induction elsewhere about the jet the air and fume from all other parts of such confined space.

7, The method of burning enameling oven fume, consisting in introducin fume and combustion-supporting air into a confined space, directing a jet of fuel into such space close to one wall thereof and at an incline theretoward to restrict the induction of the fume and air mixture over such wall to lay the jet flame thereon for raising the fiame temperature to approximately that of the theoretic flame temperature, and more freely inducing the air and fume'from elsewhere about the jet for feeding the fume into the effective intensified flame and for supplying the air to support th burning of both the fume and the fuel.

8. The method of burning enameling oven fume, consisting in introducing fume and combustion-supporting air into a confined space, directing a jet of fuel into such space close to one wall thereof and at an incline theretoward to restrict the induction of the fume and air mixture over such wall to lay the jet flame thereon for raising the flame temperature to approximately that of the' theoretic flame temperature, more freely inducing the air and fume from elsewhere about the jet for feeding the fume into the effective intensified flame and for supplying the air to support the burning of both the fume and the fuel, and finally in utilizing the products of the completed combustion cooled to an oven energizing temperature for supplying the required operative heat to the enameling oven.

9. The method of operating an enameling oven having an enameling chamber with a heating radiator therein; consisting in introducing fume and air into a confined space with the volume of air being predetermined to support combustion of both fuel and fume substantially without excess; directin a jet of ignited fuel, positioned close to one wall of such confined space, to restrict the induction of such air and fume over the wall for layering the jet and flame thereonto to intensify the flame temperature; and feeding the air and fume content from all other parts of such confined space into the flame for supplying the combustion-supporting air for the burning of both the fuel and the fume and finally flowing the products of combustion into the heating radiator for rendering the oven operative.

10. The method of burning fume, consisting in directing an ignited jet of fuel under a predetermined pressure into a confined space close to one wall thereof for effecting restricted induction thereat and freer induction in all other parts of the confinedrspace about the jet to cause the jet flame to hug said wall and in doing so to approach more nearly the theoretic flame temperature suflicient to burn fume, feedin the fume stream flowing hot from an enameling chamber into the confined space to be sov induced by the jet, adding air to the fume after it leaves the enameling chamber and in volume sufficient to support the combustion of both the fuel and the fume, and in limiting the volume of the added air substantially to the theoretical air required for such combustion thereby to maintain the fume burning temperature.

11. The method of burning fume, consisting in discharging anignited jet of fuel under pressure into a confined fume-holding space close to one wall thereof for effecting restricted induction of fume along such wall and freer induction in all other parts of the confined space about the jet, in directing the jet angularly toward the wall to cause the restricted induction to attract the flame toward the wall while moving therealong for shielding the wall from the cooling influence of the fume content of the freer induction, conducting a fume stream from a fume generator into the confined space for such induction, flowing a predetermined volume of additional air into thefume stream sumcient to support the fuel combustion and the fume consumption by the flame, and in controlling the volume of added air by observing the flame characteristic.

12. The method of operating an enameling oven, consisting in directing an ignited jet of fuel under pressure into a confined fume-holding space close to one wall thereof for effecting arestricted induction along such wall to preclude any substantial cooling contact of the fume elsewhere about the jet therewith and a freer induction in all other parts of the confined space about the jet, in inclining the jet to cause its flame to hug said wall while moving therealong to enable the generation of a fume burning temperature, in feeding a stream of fume mixture from an enamelin chamber into the confined space for such restricted and 1 free inductions, in adding a theoretic volume of airv into the fume stream sufficient to support the fuel combustion and the fume consumption by the flame moving along the wall, and utilizing a portion of the heat of the fuel and fume combustion to supply the heat re quired for operating the enameling chamber.

13. A wire enameling oven having a baking chamber with an entrance slot through which the wire and air is admitted to the chamber and an exit slot through which the wire and the hot air-mixed-fume stream pass from the chamber, a fume collectin compartment into which the exit slot opens, a combustion chamber, a heating element arranged to heat the baking chamber and connected to receive the products of combustion from the combustion chamber for rendering the heating element effective, means for delivering the hot fume stream from the collecting compartment into the combustion chamber for being consumed therein, and fuel burner nozzle means directed into the combustion chamber close to one wall thereof and inclined relative to the wall for restricting the fume induction along the wall and freer induction elsewhere about the nozzle means, and controllable -means for admitting additional air to the fume stream for the burning of the fume.

14:1A wire enameling oven having a baking 1'3 chamber with an entrance slotth-rough which the wire and air is admitted to the chamber and an exit slot through which the wire and airmixed fume. stream pass, from, the. chamber, a

fume collecting compartment into which the exit toone wall thereof and inclined toward the wallfor effecting restricted induction along the wall tohold'the fuel and flame on the wall while admitting freer induction of the fume content elsewhere about the nozzle means, metering means admitting the necessary combustion supporting air-into the fume stream, andmeans operable for mechanically maintainingdthe flow ofthe to the combustion chamber.

' 15. A wire enameling oven having a baking chamber with an entrance slot through which the wire and air is admitted to the chamber and an exit slot through which the wire and air-mixed fume stream pass from the chamber, a compartment into which the exit slot opens for receiving the hot fume stream under its own heat head, a combustion chamber, means for delivering the hot fume stream from the compartment into the combustion chamber for bein consumed therein, means for adding air to the fume stream as it leaves the compartment for supporting its combustion, a burner nozzle directed into the combustion chamber closer to one wall portion thereof for laying the nozzle jet and flame on the wall portion to restrict the induction of the fume and air flow thereover rela-' tive to the freer induction of the fume and air flow elsewhere about the jet and flame, a stack for conducting away the pro-ducts of combustion, and damper controlled means arranged to regulate the rate of thefume air flow from the compartment for maintaining the heat head movement of the h-otfume stream from the baking chamber substantially constant. -16. A wire enameling oven having a baking chamber with an entrance slot through which the wire and air is admitted to the chamber and an exit slot through which the wire and airmixed fume stream pass from the chamber, a compartment into which the exit slot opens for receiving the hot fume stream under its own heat head, a combustion chamber connected to have its products of combustion operatively heat the baking chamber, means for delivering the hot fume stream from the compartment into the combustion chamber for being consumed therein, an air inlet in the compartment for admitting combustion supporting air into the fume stream therein,

ling the action of said flow maintaining means to maintain the movement of the fume stream from the baking chamber into the compartment under its own heat head.

17. A wire enameling oven having a baking fume stream from the collecting compartment wall and through which a burner nozzle directed into the combustion chamber closer to one wall portion thereof "174 chamber with. an. entrance. slot; through. which the. wire and .air admittedtothe. chamber and an exit slotlthrough whichythe wire and airmixed fume-stream pass from the chamber, a compartment into which the exit slot opens for. receiving the hot fume stream u'noler'its own heat head, means for adding combustion sup porting air to the hot fume in the compartment;

a combustion chamber, a heating element arranged to heat the baking chamber and connect ed to receivethe products of combustion from the combustion chamber for rendering the heating element effective, meansfor effecting a flow of the fume and air mixture from the compartment into the-combustion chamber for being consumed therein, a burner nozzle directed into the combustion chamber close-r to one wall portion thereof for laying a fuel jet and flame on the wall portion to restrict the induction of the mixture thereoverrelative to the freer'induction elsewhere about the jet and flame, means mechanicallymaintaining theflow of the mixture from the compartment to the combustion chamber, damper means controlling the action of said flow maintaining means against substantial disruption of the heat head flow, and means for retarding the flow of the hot products of combustion through the heating element before discharge therefrom.

18.-A wire enameling oven having a baking chamber with an entrance slot through which the wire and air is admitted to the chamber and an exit slot through which the wire and airmixed fume stream pass from the chamber, a compartment into which the exit slot opens for receiving the hot fume stream. under its own heat head, means adding combustion supporting air to the hot fume as it leaves the compartment, a combustion chamber, a heating element arranged to heat the baking chamber and connected to receive the products of combustion from the combustion chamber for rendering the heating element effective, means for conducting the fume and air mixture from the compartment into the combustion chamber for being consumed therein, a burner nozzle directed into the combustion chamber closer to one wall portion thereof for effecting restricted induction thereover relative to freer induction elsewhere about the nozzle to lay a fuel jet and flame along the wall portion, and means for regulating the heating of the baking chamber by controlling the flow of the mixture as conducted from the compartment.

19. A wir enameling oven having an upright enameling chamber with a wire entrance slot in its bottom wall and a Wire exit slot in its top latter an air-diluted fume stream emerges, a hood receiving the emerging fume stream, means for admitting combustion supporting air to the fume stream, a confined space connected to the hood and having a burnernozzle therein disposed closer to one wall portion thereof for restricted induction and directed to cause the fuel jet and flame to hug such wall portion for intensifying'the heat to a fume burning temperature in the presence of the fume mixture induced freely elsewhere about the nozzle, a heater for the enameling chamber, and means carrying the products of combustion from the flame into the lowermost portion of the enameling chamber for heating the latter.

20. An enameling furnace comprising an en- -1'5 amel baking chamber having an entranceway to admit the wire thereinto with a fume dilutin amount of air and an exit opening through which the Wire leaves the chamber with a diluted fume stream, a heating element arranged for heating the chamber, a confined fume holding' space embodying a combustion chamber connected to the heating element for delivering, the hot gases of combustion to the heating element for operating the same, fuel nozzle means delivering a jet of fuel into the confined space close to one Wall thereof whereby to restrict the induction of fume thereover and thereby cause the jet flame to extend upon the Wall for heating the same to the exclusion of the cooling infiuence by contact with the fume stream of free induction in all other parts of the confined space, means for directing a flow of the fume stream While hot from the exit opening directly into the confined space for being so induced into the flame, and means for admitting combustion supporting air into the fume stream for flow therewith into the confined space.

MARCUS C. STEESE.

'16 REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 464,695 Koneman Dec. 8 1891 781,922 Thomson Feb. 7, 1905 1,045,915 Turner Dec. 3, 1912 1,440,857 White Jan. 2, 1923 1,603,760 Furkert Oct. 19, 1926 1,737,732 Sauvage Dec. 3, 1929 1,746,155 Heisler Feb. 4, 1930 1,947,545 Pugh Feb. 20, 1934 1,947,546 Reading Feb. 20, 1934 1,947,547 Fruth Feb. 20, 1934 1,956,737 Walker May 1, 1934 2,175,866 Arnold Oct. 10, 1939 2,177,258 Jares Oct. 24, 1939 2,215,983 Smith Sept. 24, 1940 2,247,977 Uchold et a1. July 1, 1941 2,311,648 Duncan Feb. 23, 1943 2,434,169 Larsen Jan. 6, 1948 Bellstedt Jan. 3, 1950

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