US2560862A - Gas burner with internal fuel distributors and variable flame area - Google Patents

Description

' J. A. HARRISON 2,560,862 GAS vBURNER WITH INTERNAL FUEL DISTRIBUTERS AND July 17, 1951 VARIABLE FLAME AREA Filed Fab.l 16, 1946 LEM@ Patented July 17, 1951 UNITED STATES -ATsNT oFF-ics GAS 'BURNER WITH INTERNAL FUEL DIS- TRIBUTORS AND VARIABLE FLAME AREA J ames. A. Harrison, Southield Township, Oakland- County, Mich.

16 Claims.

This; invention relates: to. heating. devices and more particularly toagas burner-ofi variable op.- eratingcapacity.v

An, important object of this invention ,is to; pro,- vide, ay novel gas; burner structure: .adapted for domestic and industrial uses which. automatically varies the name; jet; area, in proportion to the volume of gas delivered. Anotherohjecto` this `iilVi-Drrltion isi-,o provide an improved; gas: burner which in operation; projectsy a multiplicity of amejetsiorheating purposes; and which isself'- operable, to vary the number ofame jetsV and the area ofi name: iet propagation proportion ately tothe. quantity of; gassuppliedto theburner. A further Object. f; this; invention; iS to provide a gas. burner. capable of such opera-tionv which is constructed of fevv'parts economical, tofmanufaoturc andeasytoassembletogether.,

A` meritorious feature of the: invention is that in; operation` the burner is; selffoperable; toy vary the number and area from which the name jets issue by, thesimpleact of controllingthe gasdelivery valve.. Novelprovision is madein theburner for regulating the flow of the; gas mixture therein so that when a smallv amount of gas is supplied, a, small area of flame isv provided, and whenlarger-amounts of gas arel supplied, larger areas of flame are produced. As a; result, the area of flame jet discharge may be adjusted to accommodate vessels or other artic-les of different sizeswhich are brought into heating relation'- ship, tothe burner. Another feature is that the velooityfof` the gas in the burner remainsapproximately the same-regardless. of the; amount of gas delivered tothe burner..

Various. other objects, advantages vand meritorious features of theinvention will become more fully apparent. fromthe following: specification, appended claims and' accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig'. 1- is atopplane View of' the gas burner partly brokenA away to show the interior construotion, and

Eig. 2y isl a vertical sectional view through the gashurner structure alongglines 2-2 of Fig. 1.

The invention; is adaptable-for use on domestic heating-stoves and for use in industrialA gasfired appliances; It is hereinillustrated'inA its application-to adomestic heating-stove.

, The gas burner structureof this-invention comprisesa-n enclosure or casing indicatedy at' I0, which surrounds the discharge end ofa gas and air delivery-andmxingtube! 2v: The casingy prefierably; consists of a circular,` side wall in the form of; a sleeve. having an. closed` bottoniy Hll through which thetube lextends,y A circulai'perforated burnerhead orplate iIeXtends across: the upper end; of` the sleeve. Thev tubey VIfi as indicated in the drawings,entersrthe bottom ot the casing on theaxisthereof, and its discharge end terminates shortzof. the burner.A platel |61 The tube iscon'- stri'cted' intermediate its ends tor form. a Venturi passage lli, The bottomwa-ll I'may. be connectedftoA the tube at approximately its :narrowest''part' Gas is delivered to the lower'bell-mouthedend ofthe. mixingV tuheby means off a. gas supply pipe 2i) haring sagas discharge orifice 22 in the vupper end thereof through which gas is discharged? into the tuloe immediately adjacent to. theventuri. Agos cook'or valve 24' is provided in the gas-deliveryy line to vary the volume of asI delivered The bell-mouth1opening of the tube is provided withl an aperturedi plate throughl wl'iiolrb pri.- mary air-s admitted formixturewith the gas in the tube. .A primary airsl'iutterv 2li rotatably mounted on theV gasl line 21.! is capable oi varying the area: or the; openings in the plate 2B. in the usualv manner thereby regulatestho amount offprimary air'admitt'ediritti,theA tube.v

In industrial applications, of. this. invention, various types ofi automatic". valves may he' sub.- stituted iorv the manually operated gas cock: 241 These Valvesmay be controlled electrically o'r-by fluid pressurev and yloe maderesponsive totem.-

perature; changes in the. gasI red appliance;

Thefburner head or plate; Hi, esashown-.in Fig'. 1, is perforated throughoutv itsextentby openingsr-Q. forming a plurality of discharge orices. These` openings may be fornied-'oyrdrlling holes through theplate orini any other suitable way. From eachl orifice; 36': a vjet' of flame may issue.

In; accordance; with` this invention; the burner is selfhoperable-togvary the'area ofame jet propagation from the plate lit-1 in proportion to the amount of gasdelivered to theituhe. 'Ilhisisaccomplishedby thel noveli provision in therburner casing offi'ow:controlling-barile or partition memu bers Which divide the interior of the casingyinto a plural'ityyof subsidiary compartments successivelyv arranged.' to, receive ar portion of the gas mixtureonly after the capacities I.of thev comparte ments nearer toithe tube are: exceeded. Referring'to Fig; 2, a plurality ofcircularI baiilesiorparltitions are arranged'in the casingabout the discharge end of the tube andconcentric-therewith. These-partitions aremounted in edge abutting relationship to the burner headplate IG andextend' progressivelyv greater distances therefrom the more remote theyare'lf'romthe tube;

The innermost partition B2i directly encircles the discharge end of the tube and is provided with a conically shaped portion 35, which conn vergingly directs the fuel mixture to the ports 3f! enclosed within its boundaries. The next innermost partition extends toward the lbottom wall ill further than the partitions 32. The outermost partition 3S extends toward the bottom wall further than the partition 35 but terminates short of the bottom or back wall iii. All the circular partitions may be welded or otherwise integrally joined to the under surface of the perforated plate l5. tube and the side wall of the casing, subdivide the interior of the casing into a plurality of annularly-shaped compartments, each opening out toward the bottom Wall lli. Each compartment is thus provided with a series of discharge orifices 30.

In operation, the fuel mixture discharged from the tube nrst enters the innermost compartment formed by the partition 32 and flows through the orifices 30 enclosed thereby. If more than sucient mixture of gas and air is supplied to the compartment to feed the orices confined thereby, the excess mixture will flow or spill around the lower edge of the partition 32 into the next outermost compartment. The arrows in the drawing. indicate the direction of flow. Similarly, if the capacity of this compartment is exceeded, the excess fuel mixture will flow around the bottom edge of the partition 36 into the next outermost compartment. et cetera.

. It is obvious that the flame jets will issue only from those orifices 3l) which communicate with the compartments having a fuel mixture therein. Regulation of the gas cock 24 or other form of control valve will vary the amount of gas delivered. If it is turned to a slightly opened position, a small amount of gas and air will discharge from the tube, which mixture will be confined by the partition 32 and caused to issue in ignited condition from the small area of orices 30 in the center of the plate I6 bounded by the partition .32. If the gas cock is opened further, the capacity of the innermost compartment will be exceeded, and the excess fuel mixture enter the next outermost compartment. Flame jets will therefore issue from the orifices 3l! communicating with this compartment, and as a result a larger area of orices will discharge flame jets from the burner head I6. W'hen the valve 24 is fully turned on, all compartments will receive a fuel mixture, and flame jets will issue from the entire area of the burner plate I6. It is thus apparent that the area of the burner plate from which flame jets issue is directly proportional to the amount of gas delivered and that the size of this area can be increased radially from the center of the burner plate outwardly to the limits thereof proportional to the extent the gas controlled valve is turned on.

There is indicated in dotted outline in Fig. 2 a receptacle or vessel 4l) which may be supported in any suitable manner above the burner, for the purpose of being heated thereby. The receptacle is shown with a lateral dimension approximately that of the partition 36. By regulating the control valve 24, it is possible to supply only a sufficient amount of fuel mixture to light the burner orifices above the compartments formed by the two partitions 32 and 35 and thereby confine the llame jet area to' approximately the size of the receptacle.

The partitions, in cooperation with theI Because the number of orifices 3B through which the mixture escapes is reduced proportionately to the extent the valve is regulated toward a closed position, the velocity of the gas through the mixing tube remains approximately the same. The velocity will always be high enough to be ahead of the flame propagation and thereby prevent the blow-back ofthe flame into the interior of the casing. As a result, the turn-down capacity of the burner is much greater than in the ordinary type of burner.

What -I claim isl. `A gas burner comprising, in combination, a tube shaped to form a venturi intermediate vits ends having means .for delivering gas and air into one end thereof for passage therethrough and'for discharge from the other end thereof, a circular sleeve enclosing the discharge end section of the tube and arranged concentrically thereabout, said sleeve having a back circular closure member extending to the tube at approximately the venturi thereof and a front circular closure member extending across the discharge end of the tube in spaced relation thereto, said front closure member provided throughout its extent with a multiplicity of drilledV openings therethrough forming ports from which burning jets of fuel issue, a plurality of circular partitions of unequal diameters all having a cross sectional area less than the ported area of said front closure member arranged concentrically in said casing in spaced apart relation and dividing the interior of the sleeve into a plurality of subsidiary compartments, said partitions extending from abutting engagement with the inside surface of said front member toward the back member but terminating in a free edge short of the latter, said partitions being of progressively longer lengths the more distant they are from the tube whereby the flow of gas from the discharge end of the tube to the more remote compartments is substantially cut off until the capacities of the compartments nearer the tube have been illecl.'

2. A self-operable gas distributing device comprising, in combination, a substantially closed casing having one wall thereof provided with a plurality of openings spaced over a substantial circular areaJ thereof and forming gas distributing ports, a gas delivery tube projecting into the interior of the casing from the wall thereof opposite to said ported wall and having its discharge end terminating short of said ported wall opposite to the center of the ported area thereof, a sleevelike member having a cross sectional area less than said ported area and mounted within the casing in concentric relation about the discharge end of said tube in edge abutting engagement with said ported wall of the casing so that a plurality of ports of said ported area are inside of the member and a plurality of ports of the ported area are outside of the member, said sleeve-like member having an axial length less'than the distance separating said opposite Walls of the casing but greater than the distance between said ported wall and the discharge end of the delivery tube and dividing the interior of the casing into a central compartment into which all of the gas discharged by the ytube enters and into an'outer annular compartment outside of the member, said compartments opening into communication with said ports at one end of the sleeve-like member and with one another around the opposite end of the sleeve-like member and so disposed with respect to the discharge end of the tube that 'eating with one another around the lower free edge ofy the wall and with the orifices on its respective side of the wall whereby in operation the outer annular compartment receives gas discharged from said delivery means only after the capacity of the inner central compartment is exceeded.

8. A self-operable gas distributing device comprising, inl combination, a substantially closed casing including a top portion, a bottom portion and connecting sidewall portions, said top portion provided vwith a plurality of gas discharge orifices occupying a considerable area thereof and opening into the interior of the casing so that from each orifice an upwardly directed jet of gas is adapted to'issue, a wall in the interior of the casing havingthe upper edge thereof in edge abutting relation to the top portion of the device such that some ofthe discharge orifices lie on one side of the wall and other discharge orifices lie on the opposite side of the wall, said wall extending downwardly from the upper portion of the device and terminating in a free edge spaced from the bottom portion of the device to divide the interior of the casing into two compartments on opposite sides of the wall, the space between the lower freeedge of the wall and the vbottom portion forming a permanently opened communieating passage between the two compartments and vthe discharge orices on their respective sides of the wall, and means entering the casing and discharging gas into only one of said compartments above the level of'the free edge of the wall whereby in operation the other compartment'receives gas by way of said communicating passage for delivery to its respective oriices only after the volume of gas discharged into the first compartment exceeds'the capacity thereof.

9. A vgas burner comprising, in combination, a circular casing, a circular plate extending across one end thereof provided throughout its extent with perforations forming ports for the discharge of burning jets of gaseous fuel, a plurality of concentrically arranged spaced apart circular partitions in the casing all having a cross sectional area less than the ported area of said plate and each having one edge fixed to" the plate and the other edge terminating free, 'said partitions dividing the casing into a plurality of circularly shaped compartments opening into the interior of the casing on the side thereof opposite to said plate and extending progressively greater distances from the plate the more remote' they are from the axis of the plate, and a gas and air delivery and mixing tube entering 'the end of the casing opposite to the plate and on the axis thereof and having its discharge end terminating short of the center of the plate and within the innermost compartment of the casing.

10. A gas burner having a self-operable variable ame jet area comprising, in combination, a hollow burner head having the top Wall provided throughout a substantially large area with perforations forming orifices for the upward discharge of combustible gaseous jets, a gaseous fuel delivery tubev projecting upwardly into the burner .head and terminating short of the center of the perforated area of the top wall, a plurality of substantially circular partitions of unequal diameters arranged in the burner head concentrically about said tube and in edge abutting engagement with the top wall so that each adjacent pair of partitions encloses a plurality of .perforations therein, said partitions extending downwardly from the top Wall in overlapping relation to the discharge end of the tube and terminating in free edges, said partitions having axial dimensions of progressively increasing lengths the more remote they are from the tube and subdividing the interior of the burner head into a plurality of circularly shaped compartments each arranged to receive a portion of the gaseous fuel delivered by the tube only after the capacity of the compartment nearer the tube has'been exceeded. I

11'. A self-operable gas distributing device'comprising, in combination, a casing having the top portion thereof provided with a plurality of gas discharge openings therethrough. arranged in radially and circularly spaced apart relationship and forming gas distributing ports, a gas delivery tube projecting upwardly 'into the casing Afrom the bottom portion thereof and terminating short of the top portion thereof opposite to the center of the ported area thereof, a plurality of sleeve-like members of unequal diameters'having their axial dimensions varying indirect pro'- portion to their respective cross-sectional areas, said members all occupying a cross-sectional area less than the ported area of 'the top portion ofm the casing and being mountedwithin the casing in overlapping concentric relation about said tube and in substantially edge abutting engagement with the inner surface of the top portion of the casing, said members subdividing the interior of the casing into a pluralityA of concentric annularly shaped gas chambers each communicating at its upper end with a number of'ports in the top portion of the casing and at yits lower end with the interiorl of the casing, each chamber receiving a portion of the gas discharged by the tubeA only after the capacity of the chamber nearer to the tube has been ex- 'ceeded. A

12. A self-operable gas distributing devic comprising, in combination, a substantially closed lcasing having one wall thereof provided with a plurality of openings arranged in radially and circularly spaced relationship with one another and opening into communication with the interior of the casing to form a generally circular 'area of gas distributing ports, a gas delivery tube projecting into the interior of the casing from 'the wall thereof opposite to said ported wall and having its discharge end directed toward and 'terminating short of said ported wall substantially opposite to the center of the ported area thereof, a sleeve-like member having a cross-sectional area intermediate the maximum and minimum 'radial dimensions of said ported area and `of the casing but greater than the distance separating the discharge end of the' delivery tube from the ported wall and dividing the interior of the casing into a central compartment intowhich all of the gas discharged by the tube enters and into an annular compartment outside of the member, said compartments opening into communication with said ports at one end of the sleeve-like member and with one another around the opposite end of the member and so disposed with respect to the discharge end of the tube that the outer annular compartment receives gas discharged by the tube only after the capacity of the inner central compartment is exceeded.

13. A gas burner comprising, in combination, a hollow body having spaced apart upper and lower wall portions and a connecting side wall portion, said upper wall portion being provided with concentrically arranged inner and outer circular rows of gas discharge ports, a gas delivery tube projecting upwardly into the interior of the burner head from the bottom wall portion thereof and having its discharge end terminating short of the upper wall portion substantially opposite to the center of said circular rows of gas discharge ports, a sleeve-like member having a radial dimension between that of the outer circular row of discharge ports and the inner circular row of discharge ports and mounted in the interior of the body in substantially concentric relation to the circular row of ports, said member having the upper end thereof sealed to the underside of the upper wall portion so that the inner circular row of ports lie inside of the member and the outer circular row of ports lie outside of the member, said sleeve-like member further having an axial length less than the distance between the upper and lower wall portions of the body but greater than the distance between the upper wall portion and the discharge end of the tube and dividing the interior of the body into a central chamber into which all of the gas discharged by the tube enters and an annular chamber outside of the member, said chambers opening into communication with their respective circular rows of ports at the upper ends thereof and with one another at their lower ends whereby in the operation of the gas burner the outer annular chamber receives gas for combustible purposes only after the capacity of the inner central chamber is exceeded.

14. A gas burner comprising, in combination, a substantially circularly shaped hollow body having spaced apart top and bottom portions and a connecting side wall portion, said top portion being provided with substantially concentrically arranged inner and outer circular rows of gas discharge ports, a substantially circular wall in the interior of the body depending downwardly from the top portion between the inner and outer circular rows of gas discharge ports and disposed in substantially concentric relation thereto, said wall terminating in a free edge short of the bottom portion of the body, and dividing the interior of the body into an inner central compartment and an outer annularly shaped compartment, said compartments each communicating with the row of ports which lie on its respective side of the wall and communicating with one another around the free edge of the wall, and a gas delivery tube centrally located in the body and projecting upwardly from the bottom portion thereof into the central compartment and terminating short of the upper portion of the body, the gas 10 discharged by the tube rst entering the central compartment and flowing to the outer annular compartment only after the capacity of the central compartment is exceeded.

15. A gas burner comprising, in combination, a substantially circularly shaped hollow body having spaced apart top and bottom portions and a connecting substantially circular outer side wall portion, said top portion being provided with substantially concentrically arranged inner and outer circular rows of gas discharge ports from each of which an upwardly directed jet of gaseous mixture is adapted to issue, a gas delivery tube centrally located in the body and projecting upwardly from the bottom portion thereof and terminating short of the upper portion of the body, and a substantially circular wall in the body depending downwardly from the upper portion thereof between the inner and outer circular rows of ports and in substantially concentric relation thereto, said wall overlapping the upper discharge end of the tube in radial spaced relation thereto and terminating at its lower end in a free edge spaced from the bottom portion of the body.

16. A gas burner comprising, in combination, a substantially circular hollow body having the top portion thereof provided with an inner and an outer circular row of discharge ports arranged substantially concentric to one another, a substantially circular wall in the hollow interior of the body depending downwardly from the top portion thereof between the inner and the outer rows of ports and terminating in a free edge short of the bottom portion of the body, said wall dividing the interior of the body into an inner central compartment and an outer annularly shaped compartment, said compartments each communicating with the row of ports which lie on its respective side of the wall and with one another around' the free edge of the wall, and a gas delivery conduit communicating with an outside source of supply and entering the body, the discharge end of said conduit being centrally located in the body and projecting upwardly therewithin to discharge the gas in an upward direction into the central compartment whereby in the operation of the burner some of the gas will flow to the outer annular compartment for combustion purposes only when the capacity of the central compartment is exceeded.

JAMES A. HARRISON.

REFEREN CES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 541,533 Haffcke June 25, 1895 999,615 Williams Aug. 1, 1911 1,436,383 Coley et al. Nov. 21, 1922

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