US2544670A - Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto - Google Patents

Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2544670A
US2544670A US768270A US76827047A US2544670A US 2544670 A US2544670 A US 2544670A US 768270 A US768270 A US 768270A US 76827047 A US76827047 A US 76827047A US 2544670 A US2544670 A US 2544670A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
aluminum
steel
ferrous metal
bath
salt bath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US768270A
Inventor
Howard L Grange
Dean K Hanink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Priority to US768270A priority Critical patent/US2544670A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2544670A publication Critical patent/US2544670A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C6/00—Coating by casting molten material on the substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to forming composite articles by casting and bonding aluminum or an aluminum base alloy onto steel or other ferrous metal.
  • the primary object of our invention is to provide a simple and practical procedure for strongly bonding aluminum or aluminum base alloys to steel or other ferrous metal parts.
  • the simple procedure results in forming a strong bond between steel and aluminum that has a relatively low degree of brittleness at the junction between the two metals.
  • the steel or other ferrous metal part is immersed in a molten or fused salt bath capable of absorbing iron oxide and aluminum oxide.
  • a salt bath of the following composition has proven highly satisfactory.
  • the exact composition of the salt bath is not critical and the proportions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, cryolite and aluminum Jfluoride may be varied from the above.
  • the potassium chloride may range from about 37 to 57%, the sodium chloride from about to 45%, the :cryolite from about .8 to 20% and thealuminum fluoride from about 0.5 to 12%.
  • the bath composition usually preferred is one that .become molten when heated to 1200 F. or somewhat lower. While in the foregoing examples the double salt NasAlFs (cryolite) is given, it should be understood that an equivalent amount of this component may be supplied in the form of the single salts, sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride. We have found that it is essential to provide an excess of AlFa over that of the .cryolite ratio in order to obtain the desired results.
  • the fused salt in or in contact with the fused salt in order to provide effective fluxing action.
  • This may be done byemployi-ngan aluminum or aluminum alloy-coated container for the fused salt, or aluminum or aluminum alloy can be added to the salt.
  • the aluminum or aluminum alloy may be added by immersing a bar or sheet of the metalin the fused salt bath. The bar or sheet of aluminum or aluminum alloy soon melts and goes to the bottom of the bath.
  • the steel or other ferrous metal part may be preheated, if desired, prior to immersion in the salt bath and this permits use of smaller quantities of salt and smaller sized salt bath heating means.
  • preheating it is prefer-red that the ferrous metal be'preh'eated under conditions such that the surface is not oxidized.
  • heating in a non-oxidizing 'or reducing atmosphere furnace such as one employing hydrogen, Drycolene, etc., may be used.
  • Drycolene is the trade-name for a furnace atmosphere gas produced in a charcoal generator utilizing a hydrocarbon gas and air as a gas source The air and hydrocarbon gas are passed through hot charcoal "at 1800 F.
  • the preheating temperature preferably is on'the order of .1200" F. to 1600 F.
  • fthe'time of immersion may be as little as one or two seconds if no complicated recesses are present. If complicated recesses are present a longer time may be required to ensure that the salt thoroughly cover or coat the ferrous metal part at those portions thereof to which the aluminum or aluminum ibase alloy is to be bonded.
  • the ferrous metal has oxides of iron or other foreign matter on the surface thereof longer times of immersion will be required in order to obtain clean surfaces.
  • a longer time of immersion is required. The time should be at least sufficient to heat the ferrous metal part to a temperature of at least about l250 F. The exact time required will, of course, depend on the mass of the part and the size and thermal efiiciency of the furnace and salt containing vessel. Holding the ferrous metal in the fused salt for an extended period of time is not harmful.
  • the fused salt bath serves to clean the steel or other ferrous metal from undesirable oxides and to flux the metal preparatory to dipping or immersing in a zinc alloy bath.
  • the ferrous metal part is then removed and immersed in a zinc alloy bath.
  • a zinc alloy bath composed of about 9% aluminum and the balance zinc has proven highly satisfactory in practice.
  • other zinc base alloy baths containing from about .5% to 12% aluminum also have been used successfully.
  • a small or minute amount of aluminum must be present to protect the zinc from excessive oxidization.
  • Aluminum if present in the zinc-aluminum alloy in excess of about 2%, results in formation of an excessive quantity of a complex compound of iron, zinc and aluminum that adheres to the steel or other ferrous metal part in a thick viscous deposit that interferes with accurately locating the part within the mold cavity.
  • the temperature of the zinc alloy bath is within the approximate range of 1300 F. to 1500 F.
  • the time of holding the steel or other ferrous metal part in the zinc alloy bath can be as little as two seconds since a zinc alloy coating forms readily on the ferrous metal part. An extended period such as ten minutes is permissible and may be desirable in some cases to permit displacement of molten salt from parts of complicated recessed design.
  • the zinc alloy coated ferrous metal part is then removed from the zinc alloy bath and inserted in located position in a mold, the mold closed, and
  • the mold gates preferably are so designed as to direct the incoming molten aluminum or aluminum-base alloy up and around the zinc-coated ferrous metal part.
  • the coated ferrous metal part should be at or near the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum base alloy to avoid chill and blow effects and to promote removal of excess zinc alloy and final alloying of the aluminum or aluminum base alloy with the coated ferrous metal. After cooling, the ferrous metal and the cast aluminum or aluminum base alloy are strongly bonded into an integral assembly.
  • aluminum base alloys are meant those aluminum alloys which contain about 80% or more of aluminum.
  • gear blanks consisting of a steel hub to which is bonded an aluminum alloy web and flange portion.
  • steel hub was formed of G. M. 1112 steel and Alcoa #142 aluminum casting alloy was used.
  • the aluminum alloy of these gear blanks may be precipitation treated at 350 F. for hours with a resulting hardness of 94 to 100 Brinell Hardness number with 500 kg. load.
  • the method of forming a composite metal product which comprises immersing ferrous metal in a fused salt bath composed about as follows: 37% to 57% KCl, 25% to 45% NaCl, 8% to 20% NasAlFa, 0.5% to 12% AlFs, said fused salt bath having aluminum in contact therewith, said fused salt bath being at a temperature of about 1250 F.
  • said ferrous metal having a temperature while in said molten salt bath of at least about 1250 F., removing the heated ferrous metal from the molten salt bath and while it is still heated immersing the same in a molten zinc alloy coating bath composed predominately of zinc and containing about .5% to 12% aluminum, said Zinc alloy coating bath being maintained at a temperature of about 1300 F. to 1500 F., holding the ferrous metal in said zinc alloy bath for at least about two seconds to form a coating thereon, removing the coated ferrous metal part from said molten zinc alloy coating bath, and, before the coating has completely solidified, applying a molten metal consisting of at least about aluminum to said coated fer rous metal.
  • said fused salt bath having aluminum in contact therewith, said fused salt bath being maintained at a temperature within the range of 1300 to 1450 F., holding the steel in said molten salt bath until the steel reaches a temperature of at least 1250 F., removing the heated steel from the molten salt bath and while the steel is still heated immersing the same in a zinc alloy coating bath composed of 9% aluminum and the balance su b' stantially all zinc, said zinc alloy coating bath being maintained at a temperature withinthe range 1325 F.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

Patented Mar. 13, .1951
U NIT-ED STATES PATENT OFFICE A METHOD OFFOR-MING COMPQSITE ALU- RHNUM-STEEL PARTS BY CASTING ALUMWUM ON-T STEEL AND BOND- 1 .IN G 'IHERETO Howard Grange and Dean K. Harlin-k, Detroit,
Mich, assig-nors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.
IO-Claims. 1
This invention relates to forming composite articles by casting and bonding aluminum or an aluminum base alloy onto steel or other ferrous metal.
The primary object of our invention is to provide a simple and practical procedure for strongly bonding aluminum or aluminum base alloys to steel or other ferrous metal parts. The simple procedure results in forming a strong bond between steel and aluminum that has a relatively low degree of brittleness at the junction between the two metals.
In carryingout the invention the steel or other ferrous metal part is immersed in a molten or fused salt bath capable of absorbing iron oxide and aluminum oxide. A salt bath of the following composition has proven highly satisfactory.
47% Potassium Chloride (K01) 35% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 12% Cryolite (NazAlFs) 6% Aluminum Fluoride (AlFs This salt bath has a melting point of about 1180 F. Addition of a small amount of lithium chloride to the above composition lowers the 'melting'point thereof. For example, about lithium chloride lowers the melting point to about 1075 F.
- The exact composition of the salt bath is not critical and the proportions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, cryolite and aluminum Jfluoride may be varied from the above. For example, the potassium chloride may range from about 37 to 57%, the sodium chloride from about to 45%, the :cryolite from about .8 to 20% and thealuminum fluoride from about 0.5 to 12%. The bath composition usually preferred is one that .become molten when heated to 1200 F. or somewhat lower. While in the foregoing examples the double salt NasAlFs (cryolite) is given, it should be understood that an equivalent amount of this component may be supplied in the form of the single salts, sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride. We have found that it is essential to provide an excess of AlFa over that of the .cryolite ratio in order to obtain the desired results.
"I'he' temperature of the molten or fused salt bath should be maintained above 1250 F. to obtain effective fiuxing action. To avoid excessive volatilizati'on and chemical instability of the molten salt it should not be maintained higher than 1600 F. Salt bath temperatures within the range of 1300 to 1450 F. are preferred. The fused salt bath must be activated by aluminum Application August 12, 1947, Serial No. 7 68,270
in or in contact with the fused salt in order to provide effective fluxing action. This may be done byemployi-ngan aluminum or aluminum alloy-coated container for the fused salt, or aluminum or aluminum alloy can be added to the salt. The aluminum or aluminum alloy may be added by immersing a bar or sheet of the metalin the fused salt bath. The bar or sheet of aluminum or aluminum alloy soon melts and goes to the bottom of the bath.
The steel or other ferrous metal part may be preheated, if desired, prior to immersion in the salt bath and this permits use of smaller quantities of salt and smaller sized salt bath heating means. Where preheating is employed it is prefer-red that the ferrous metal be'preh'eated under conditions such that the surface is not oxidized. For this purpose heating in a non-oxidizing 'or reducing atmosphere furnace such as one employing hydrogen, Drycolene, etc., may be used. The term Drycolene is the trade-name for a furnace atmosphere gas produced in a charcoal generator utilizing a hydrocarbon gas and air as a gas source The air and hydrocarbon gas are passed through hot charcoal "at 1800 F. and transformed by chemical reaction with the charcoal into an atmosphere consisting of approximately/ 20% carbon monoxide, .less than 2% hydrogen, less than 5% carbon dioxide, and the balance nitrogen. The preheating temperature preferably is on'the order of .1200" F. to 1600 F. Where the ferrous metal Ii'spreheated to the temperature of the salt bath in a reducing atmosphere and is free of oxides of iron and other foreign matter, fthe'time of immersion may be as little as one or two seconds if no complicated recesses are present. If complicated recesses are present a longer time may be required to ensure that the salt thoroughly cover or coat the ferrous metal part at those portions thereof to which the aluminum or aluminum ibase alloy is to be bonded. Where the ferrous metal has oxides of iron or other foreign matter on the surface thereof longer times of immersion will be required in order to obtain clean surfaces. Where the preheating step is not used a longer time of immersion is required. The time should be at least sufficient to heat the ferrous metal part to a temperature of at least about l250 F. The exact time required will, of course, depend on the mass of the part and the size and thermal efiiciency of the furnace and salt containing vessel. Holding the ferrous metal in the fused salt for an extended period of time is not harmful. The fused salt bath serves to clean the steel or other ferrous metal from undesirable oxides and to flux the metal preparatory to dipping or immersing in a zinc alloy bath. No special preparation of the surface of the ferrous metal part prior to immersion in the fused salt bath is required since the molten salt bath flux dissolves iron oxides. The ferrous metal part, of course, must be dry to avoid a steam explosion when immersed in the molten salt. A small amount of oil will burn off with no deleterious effect. Where the ferrous metal part has an excessive amount of oil thereon or is badly rusted, known oil removing and rust removing procedures may be employed.
After treatment in the fused salt bath the ferrous metal part is then removed and immersed in a zinc alloy bath. A zinc alloy bath composed of about 9% aluminum and the balance zinc has proven highly satisfactory in practice. However, other zinc base alloy baths containing from about .5% to 12% aluminum also have been used successfully. A small or minute amount of aluminum must be present to protect the zinc from excessive oxidization. Aluminum, if present in the zinc-aluminum alloy in excess of about 2%, results in formation of an excessive quantity of a complex compound of iron, zinc and aluminum that adheres to the steel or other ferrous metal part in a thick viscous deposit that interferes with accurately locating the part within the mold cavity. The temperature of the zinc alloy bath is within the approximate range of 1300 F. to 1500 F. Temperatures of 1325" F. to 1375" F. are preferred. The time of holding the steel or other ferrous metal part in the zinc alloy bath can be as little as two seconds since a zinc alloy coating forms readily on the ferrous metal part. An extended period such as ten minutes is permissible and may be desirable in some cases to permit displacement of molten salt from parts of complicated recessed design.
The zinc alloy coated ferrous metal part is then removed from the zinc alloy bath and inserted in located position in a mold, the mold closed, and
aluminum or aluminum base alloy poured into the mold while the zinc alloy coating is still molten or mushy. The mold gates preferably are so designed as to direct the incoming molten aluminum or aluminum-base alloy up and around the zinc-coated ferrous metal part. The coated ferrous metal part should be at or near the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum base alloy to avoid chill and blow effects and to promote removal of excess zinc alloy and final alloying of the aluminum or aluminum base alloy with the coated ferrous metal. After cooling, the ferrous metal and the cast aluminum or aluminum base alloy are strongly bonded into an integral assembly.
By aluminum base alloys is meant those aluminum alloys which contain about 80% or more of aluminum.
In one application of the invention the process has been employed in forming gear blanks consisting of a steel hub to which is bonded an aluminum alloy web and flange portion. In this instance the steel hub was formed of G. M. 1112 steel and Alcoa #142 aluminum casting alloy was used. The aluminum alloy of these gear blanks may be precipitation treated at 350 F. for hours with a resulting hardness of 94 to 100 Brinell Hardness number with 500 kg. load.
Various changes and modifications of the embodiments of our invention described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of our invention. I
We claim:
1. The method of forming a composite metal product which comprises immersing ferrous metal in a fused salt bath composed about as follows: 37% to 57% KCl, 25% to 45% NaCl, 8% to 20% NasAlFa, 0.5% to 12% AlFs, said fused salt bath having aluminum in contact therewith, said fused salt bath being at a temperature of about 1250 F. to about 1600 F., said ferrous metal having a temperature while in said molten salt bath of at least about 1250 F., removing the heated ferrous metal from the molten salt bath and while it is still heated immersing the same in a molten zinc alloy coating bath composed predominately of zinc and containing about .5% to 12% aluminum, said Zinc alloy coating bath being maintained at a temperature of about 1300 F. to 1500 F., holding the ferrous metal in said zinc alloy bath for at least about two seconds to form a coating thereon, removing the coated ferrous metal part from said molten zinc alloy coating bath, and, before the coating has completely solidified, applying a molten metal consisting of at least about aluminum to said coated fer rous metal. I
2. A method as in claim 1 in which the ferrous metal is preheated under non-oxidizing conditions prior to immersion in the fused salt bath.
3. A method as in claim 1 in which the ferrous metal is immersed in the fused salt bath while the ferrous metal is at room temperature and is heated in said fused salt bath to a temperature of at least 1250 F. a
4. A method as in claim 1 in which the zincalloy is composed of about 9% aluminum and the balance substantially all zinc.
5. A method as in claim 1 in which a small proportion not greater than 20% of lithium chloride is added to the fused salt bath.
6. A method as in claim 1 in which the fused salt bath is operated at a temperature within the range of mom-14cc F.
'1. A method as in claim 1 in which the .zinc alloy coating bath is maintained at a temperature within the range of 1325 to 1375" F.
8. The method of forming composite metal articles which comprises immersing steel in a fused salt bath composed approximately as fol lows:
47% potassium chloride 35% sodium chloride 12% cryolite 6% aluminum fluoride said fused salt bath having aluminum in contact therewith, said fused salt bath being maintained at a temperature within the range of 1300 to 1450 F., holding the steel in said molten salt bath until the steel reaches a temperature of at least 1250 F., removing the heated steel from the molten salt bath and while the steel is still heated immersing the same in a zinc alloy coating bath composed of 9% aluminum and the balance su b' stantially all zinc, said zinc alloy coating bath being maintained at a temperature withinthe range 1325 F. to 1375 F., holding the steel in said zinc alloy coating bath for a time of at least two seconds to form a coating on the steel, re-j moving the coated steel from said moltenzino alloy coating bath and before the coatinghas completely solidified inserting the coated steel in a mold and casting molten metal consisting of REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 597,111 Gooch Jan. 11, 1893 Number Number 6 Name Date Dean May 8, 1923 Post Aug. 18, 1925 Deputy June 2, 1931 Bonath et al. Jan. 5, 1937 Mattsson Dec. 7, 1937 Rohrig Mar. 29, 1938 Deputy July 12, 1938 Wille et a1 Feb. 28, 1939 McCullough et a1. Dec. 9, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Nov. 17, 1927

Claims (1)

  1. 8. THE METHOD OF FORMING COMPOSITE METAL ARTICLES WHICH COMPRISES IMMERSING STEEL IN A FUSED SALT BATH COMPOSED APPROXIMATELY AS FOLLOW:
US768270A 1947-08-12 1947-08-12 Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto Expired - Lifetime US2544670A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US768270A US2544670A (en) 1947-08-12 1947-08-12 Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US768270A US2544670A (en) 1947-08-12 1947-08-12 Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2544670A true US2544670A (en) 1951-03-13

Family

ID=25082010

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US768270A Expired - Lifetime US2544670A (en) 1947-08-12 1947-08-12 Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2544670A (en)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2671737A (en) * 1950-10-10 1954-03-09 Chrysler Corp Aluminum coating process and flux
US2755542A (en) * 1949-05-14 1956-07-24 Gen Motors Corp Method of providing brazed ferrous metal parts with aluminum coating
US2785451A (en) * 1952-05-10 1957-03-19 Gen Motors Corp Forming composite articles comprising titanium or titanium-base alloys and aluminum and aluminum-base alloys
US2797460A (en) * 1952-09-16 1957-07-02 Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc Casting light metal against iron and article formed thereby
US2802762A (en) * 1953-08-19 1957-08-13 Solar Aircraft Co Welding fluxes
US2809423A (en) * 1953-03-30 1957-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Salt flux and method for brazing aluminum parts therewith
US2866262A (en) * 1955-04-15 1958-12-30 Horizons Inc Process of metal coating metal objects to facilitate shaping the same
US2881491A (en) * 1953-03-23 1959-04-14 Chrysler Corp Method of casting aluminum on ferrous base to form duplex structure
US2977675A (en) * 1956-07-23 1961-04-04 Gen Electric Methods of making copper-aluminum joints
US3010198A (en) * 1953-02-16 1961-11-28 Gen Motors Corp Joining titanium and titanium-base alloys to high melting metals
US3010398A (en) * 1957-10-15 1961-11-28 Parlanti Conrad Anthony Composite nose cone structure
US3039744A (en) * 1955-09-01 1962-06-19 Ind Companie Heat exchangers
US3151366A (en) * 1957-12-11 1964-10-06 Howard A Fromson Method and apparatus for the casting of fusible materials
US3372732A (en) * 1962-10-15 1968-03-12 United States Borax Chem Method for bonding aluminum to borides
US3465423A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-09-09 Gen Electric Process of making aluminum bonded stainless steel article
US3480465A (en) * 1966-03-30 1969-11-25 Shichiro Ohshima Method of chemically bonding aluminum or aluminum alloys to ferrous alloys
US3532609A (en) * 1965-11-09 1970-10-06 Nippon Kokan Kk Process for the preliminary treatment adapted for the electrolytic formation of aluminum coatings on metallic surfaces in molten salt bath
US5179994A (en) * 1992-01-16 1993-01-19 Cmi International, Inc. Method of eliminating porosity defects within aluminum cylinder blocks having cast-in-place metallurgically bonded cylinder liners
US5429173A (en) * 1993-12-20 1995-07-04 General Motors Corporation Metallurgical bonding of metals and/or ceramics
EP1624091A1 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-02-08 Aluminal Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. KG Workpieces coated with an aluminium/magnesium alloy or with aluminium having a zinc interlayer

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US597111A (en) * 1898-01-11 Art of soldering aluminium
US1454214A (en) * 1921-05-11 1923-05-08 Western Electric Co Fused salt bath for heating steel in hardening
US1550280A (en) * 1922-06-17 1925-08-18 Post Fred Aluminum welding compound
GB257262A (en) * 1925-08-18 1927-11-17 Tadeusz Liban Method of applying zinc coatings to iron articles
US1807689A (en) * 1931-06-02 Method of making composite pistons
US2066454A (en) * 1934-10-31 1937-01-05 Degussa Process for the thermal treatment of light metals and light metal alloys
US2101553A (en) * 1934-03-05 1937-12-07 Frans Nilsson Coating iron or steel with aluminum or an alloy thereof
US2112578A (en) * 1935-12-04 1938-03-29 Rohrig Hans Sheathed electrode
US2123181A (en) * 1935-12-26 1938-07-12 Horace E Deputy Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals
US2148664A (en) * 1935-07-15 1939-02-28 Degussa Heat treatment of metals
US2265243A (en) * 1940-07-08 1941-12-09 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Method of forming composite metal structures

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US597111A (en) * 1898-01-11 Art of soldering aluminium
US1807689A (en) * 1931-06-02 Method of making composite pistons
US1454214A (en) * 1921-05-11 1923-05-08 Western Electric Co Fused salt bath for heating steel in hardening
US1550280A (en) * 1922-06-17 1925-08-18 Post Fred Aluminum welding compound
GB257262A (en) * 1925-08-18 1927-11-17 Tadeusz Liban Method of applying zinc coatings to iron articles
US2101553A (en) * 1934-03-05 1937-12-07 Frans Nilsson Coating iron or steel with aluminum or an alloy thereof
US2066454A (en) * 1934-10-31 1937-01-05 Degussa Process for the thermal treatment of light metals and light metal alloys
US2148664A (en) * 1935-07-15 1939-02-28 Degussa Heat treatment of metals
US2112578A (en) * 1935-12-04 1938-03-29 Rohrig Hans Sheathed electrode
US2123181A (en) * 1935-12-26 1938-07-12 Horace E Deputy Method of bonding ferrous and nonferrous metals
US2265243A (en) * 1940-07-08 1941-12-09 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Method of forming composite metal structures

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755542A (en) * 1949-05-14 1956-07-24 Gen Motors Corp Method of providing brazed ferrous metal parts with aluminum coating
US2671737A (en) * 1950-10-10 1954-03-09 Chrysler Corp Aluminum coating process and flux
US2785451A (en) * 1952-05-10 1957-03-19 Gen Motors Corp Forming composite articles comprising titanium or titanium-base alloys and aluminum and aluminum-base alloys
US2797460A (en) * 1952-09-16 1957-07-02 Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc Casting light metal against iron and article formed thereby
US3010198A (en) * 1953-02-16 1961-11-28 Gen Motors Corp Joining titanium and titanium-base alloys to high melting metals
US2881491A (en) * 1953-03-23 1959-04-14 Chrysler Corp Method of casting aluminum on ferrous base to form duplex structure
US2809423A (en) * 1953-03-30 1957-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Salt flux and method for brazing aluminum parts therewith
US2802762A (en) * 1953-08-19 1957-08-13 Solar Aircraft Co Welding fluxes
US2866262A (en) * 1955-04-15 1958-12-30 Horizons Inc Process of metal coating metal objects to facilitate shaping the same
US3039744A (en) * 1955-09-01 1962-06-19 Ind Companie Heat exchangers
US2977675A (en) * 1956-07-23 1961-04-04 Gen Electric Methods of making copper-aluminum joints
US3010398A (en) * 1957-10-15 1961-11-28 Parlanti Conrad Anthony Composite nose cone structure
US3151366A (en) * 1957-12-11 1964-10-06 Howard A Fromson Method and apparatus for the casting of fusible materials
US3372732A (en) * 1962-10-15 1968-03-12 United States Borax Chem Method for bonding aluminum to borides
US3465423A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-09-09 Gen Electric Process of making aluminum bonded stainless steel article
US3532609A (en) * 1965-11-09 1970-10-06 Nippon Kokan Kk Process for the preliminary treatment adapted for the electrolytic formation of aluminum coatings on metallic surfaces in molten salt bath
US3480465A (en) * 1966-03-30 1969-11-25 Shichiro Ohshima Method of chemically bonding aluminum or aluminum alloys to ferrous alloys
US5179994A (en) * 1992-01-16 1993-01-19 Cmi International, Inc. Method of eliminating porosity defects within aluminum cylinder blocks having cast-in-place metallurgically bonded cylinder liners
US5429173A (en) * 1993-12-20 1995-07-04 General Motors Corporation Metallurgical bonding of metals and/or ceramics
EP1624091A1 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-02-08 Aluminal Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. KG Workpieces coated with an aluminium/magnesium alloy or with aluminium having a zinc interlayer

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2544670A (en) Method of forming composite aluminum-steel parts by casting aluminum onto steel andbonding thereto
US2544671A (en) Method of forming composite products consisting of ferrous metal and aluminum or aluminum-base alloy
US2569097A (en) Method of coating ferrous metal with aluminum or an aluminum alloy
US5333668A (en) Process for creation of metallurgically bonded inserts cast-in-place in a cast aluminum article
US2917818A (en) Aluminum coated steel having chromium in diffusion layer
US3480465A (en) Method of chemically bonding aluminum or aluminum alloys to ferrous alloys
US2774686A (en) Hot dip aluminum coating process
US2849790A (en) Joints between iron and light metals
US2785451A (en) Forming composite articles comprising titanium or titanium-base alloys and aluminum and aluminum-base alloys
US4140821A (en) Process for preheating and preparing ferrous metal for galvanizing
US3037880A (en) Coating of titanium and titanium alloys with aluminum and aluminum alloys
US2881491A (en) Method of casting aluminum on ferrous base to form duplex structure
US3758298A (en) Method of producing graphitic aluminum castings
US3010198A (en) Joining titanium and titanium-base alloys to high melting metals
US2752268A (en) Process of making alluminum coated ferrous bodies
Sekulic Brazing of aluminum alloys
US2755542A (en) Method of providing brazed ferrous metal parts with aluminum coating
US2974380A (en) Aluminum casting process
US2364503A (en) Bearing and method of making same
US3156978A (en) Joining titanium and titanium-base alloys to high melting metals
GB480349A (en) Improvements relating to the manufacture of bearings
EP0600471B1 (en) An aluminum phosphate/silicon dioxide-based sealing material
US3740275A (en) Galvanizing preflux wash composition
US3079275A (en) Spray-coating process
US943161A (en) Method of protecting molten metals.