US2521224A - Pilot fuel injector - Google Patents

Pilot fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
US2521224A
US2521224A US604173A US60417345A US2521224A US 2521224 A US2521224 A US 2521224A US 604173 A US604173 A US 604173A US 60417345 A US60417345 A US 60417345A US 2521224 A US2521224 A US 2521224A
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Prior art keywords
fuel
valve
injection
valve member
ducts
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Expired - Lifetime
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US604173A
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Kammer George Stephen
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/07—Nozzles and injectors with controllable fuel supply
    • F02M2700/078—Injectors combined with fuel injection pump

Definitions

  • the plunger continues its stroke downwards to the full amount determined by the operating mechanism, but before the stroke is quite completed, the helical edge 9 uncovers one of the ports I6, whereby pressure in the space I2 is relieved, the remainder of the stroke merely serving to push fuel back to the supply.
  • the spring 38 closes the valve 24, 31, since there is no pressure available to keep it open, and injection ceases abruptly.
  • the duration of injection is determined by the time elapsing between the uncovering of the ports I0 and I6, and this again is determined by the position of the helical edge 9 due to rotation of the plunger 2 by means of the rack I.
  • the drawings show the plunger set for full load or maximum injection.
  • the arrangement disclosed provides pilot injection at a reduced rate and main injection at a substantially higher rate.
  • the rate of fuel discharge at any instant depends on the cross-sectional areas of the discharge orifices conveying fuel to the combustion space and of the leakage path returning fuel to the supply, the rate of lift of the operating cam and the area of the pump plunger, but it is independent of the engine speed, which only governs :the injection pressure.
  • a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine which includes a valve seating, a valve member having a face to cooperate with the seating, a stem joined to the valve member with longitudinal surface grooves therein, a sleeve tightly fitting and fixed to the stem to constitute the grooves into fuel ducts, holes through the sleeve communicating with the ducts near the said face of the valve member to constitute nozzle orifices, a surface on the valve member exposed to fuel pressure exerted in a direction to move the valve member in the direction of flow of the fuel in the ducts and thereby to open the valve, and resilient means opposing the said movement to keep the valve normally closed, said valve face being located adjacent said sleeve holes whereby the fuel finally leaves the nozzle orifices between the valve seating and the face on the valve member and substantially clear of said seating and face.
  • a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine said nozzle including fuel supply ducts communicating with two different discharge ports of a fuel pump, a valve seating, a valve member having a face to cooperate with the seating, a stem joined to the valve member with longitudinal surface grooves therein, a sleeve tightly fitting the stem to constitute the grooves into fuel ducts, holes through the sleeve communicating with the ducts near the said face of the valve member to constitute nozzle orifices, communication means between some of the said ducts and one discharge port of the fuel pump, at least one other of the said grooves being longer than the remainder, communication means between said longer duct and the other discharge port of the fuel pump, a surface on the valve member exposed to fuel pressure from either group of ducts, whereby the valve member is moved by the fuel pressure in the direction of flow of the fuel in the ducts, and resilient means opposing the said movement to keep the valve normally closed, the valve being so located that the fuel finally leaves the nozzle orifices between the valve seating and the face

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Sept. 5, 1950 G. s. KAMMER PILOT FUEL INJECTOR Filed July 10, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 5, 1950 G. s. KAMMER PILOT FUEL INJECTOR Filed July 10, 1945 FL //M space I2 is in communication through the ducts I5 and I8 with the fuel supply and is thereby maintained full of fuel. After the plunger 2 has descended a short distance it covers the ports I6, I6 and so cuts off this communication. Pressure in the space I2 immediately rises and is exerted through the space around the upper part of the valve 25, 29, 30, the groove 32, the duct 26 and the corresponding nozzle orifice 39 above the valve face 31. The valve is thereby opened against the effect of the spring 38, and injection commences.
At the same time a certain proportion of the fuel will leak through the control orifice I9 and duct 20 backto duct I5 and the supply. The amount of fuel thus by-passed governs the amount of fuel which is discharged, through nozzle orifice 39, into the engine combustion space, that is, it governs the rate of pilot fuel discharge as well as the pressure in the pumping space.
At a certain point in the descent of the plunger 2 its lower edge covers the control port I9, but at the same time the lower edge of the groove 8 uncovers the port II]. The leakage through the control port I9 and duct 20 ceases, and all the fuel displaced by the plunger is delivered to the combustion space, a part of it as before through the groove 32, the duct 26 and one of the nozzle orifices 39, but the major part of it through the port I9, the duct 2I, the groove 36, the duct 35, the groove 34, the holes 33, 33, the grooves 21, 27 and the remainder of the nozzle orifices 39.
Thus an additional quantity of fuel, equivalent to the entire displacement of the pump plunger can now find its way into the engine combustion space, at the main rate of fuel discharge determined by the area of the plunger and the rate of lift of the pump operating cam. This quantity, obviously, is substantially greater than the initial rate, or pilot rate of discharge.
The plunger continues its stroke downwards to the full amount determined by the operating mechanism, but before the stroke is quite completed, the helical edge 9 uncovers one of the ports I6, whereby pressure in the space I2 is relieved, the remainder of the stroke merely serving to push fuel back to the supply. The spring 38 closes the valve 24, 31, since there is no pressure available to keep it open, and injection ceases abruptly. The duration of injection is determined by the time elapsing between the uncovering of the ports I0 and I6, and this again is determined by the position of the helical edge 9 due to rotation of the plunger 2 by means of the rack I. The drawings show the plunger set for full load or maximum injection.
It will be seen that the arrangement disclosed provides pilot injection at a reduced rate and main injection at a substantially higher rate. The rate of fuel discharge at any instant depends on the cross-sectional areas of the discharge orifices conveying fuel to the combustion space and of the leakage path returning fuel to the supply, the rate of lift of the operating cam and the area of the pump plunger, but it is independent of the engine speed, which only governs :the injection pressure.
There is no interval between pilot and bulk injection as in some known forms of injector, the valve remaining open continuously from the commencement of pilot injection to the conclusion of bulk injection.
Where reference is made above to times and rates, these must of course be understood in terms of crank angle, as is usual in internal combustion engine practice.
What I claim is:
1. A fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine which includes a valve seating, a valve member having a face to cooperate with the seating, a stem joined to the valve member with longitudinal surface grooves therein, a sleeve tightly fitting and fixed to the stem to constitute the grooves into fuel ducts, holes through the sleeve communicating with the ducts near the said face of the valve member to constitute nozzle orifices, a surface on the valve member exposed to fuel pressure exerted in a direction to move the valve member in the direction of flow of the fuel in the ducts and thereby to open the valve, and resilient means opposing the said movement to keep the valve normally closed, said valve face being located adjacent said sleeve holes whereby the fuel finally leaves the nozzle orifices between the valve seating and the face on the valve member and substantially clear of said seating and face.
2. A fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, said nozzle including fuel supply ducts communicating with two different discharge ports of a fuel pump, a valve seating, a valve member having a face to cooperate with the seating, a stem joined to the valve member with longitudinal surface grooves therein, a sleeve tightly fitting the stem to constitute the grooves into fuel ducts, holes through the sleeve communicating with the ducts near the said face of the valve member to constitute nozzle orifices, communication means between some of the said ducts and one discharge port of the fuel pump, at least one other of the said grooves being longer than the remainder, communication means between said longer duct and the other discharge port of the fuel pump, a surface on the valve member exposed to fuel pressure from either group of ducts, whereby the valve member is moved by the fuel pressure in the direction of flow of the fuel in the ducts, and resilient means opposing the said movement to keep the valve normally closed, the valve being so located that the fuel finally leaves the nozzle orifices between the valve seating and the face on the valve member.
GEORGE STEPHEN KAMMER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
US604173A 1944-07-12 1945-07-10 Pilot fuel injector Expired - Lifetime US2521224A (en)

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GB2521224X 1944-07-12

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628866A (en) * 1950-04-25 1953-02-17 Gen Motors Corp Fuel injection pump
US2710228A (en) * 1952-10-13 1955-06-07 Loach Douglas Dewey De Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
US2890657A (en) * 1955-08-12 1959-06-16 Gen Motors Corp Unit injector pump with pilot injection
US3368491A (en) * 1966-06-22 1968-02-13 Murphy Diesel Company Fuel injection pump
US3451627A (en) * 1966-03-28 1969-06-24 Cav Ltd Tubular part having a passageway formed in the wall thereof
US3796205A (en) * 1971-05-28 1974-03-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
US3982693A (en) * 1976-01-16 1976-09-28 General Motors Corporation Orifice plunger valve fuel injector
US4693424A (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-09-15 General Motors Corporation Poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
US4750675A (en) * 1987-10-05 1988-06-14 General Motors Corporation Damped opening poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
US4813600A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-03-21 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Simplified pressure time dependent fuel injector
US4905908A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-03-06 General Motors Corporation Poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
US4909444A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-03-20 General Motors Corporation Poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
DE4442764A1 (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
US6062533A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for valve control
US6119952A (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-09-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for dosing fluid
AT408253B (en) * 1992-03-02 2001-10-25 Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech Injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine
US6311950B1 (en) 1999-04-20 2001-11-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fluid metering device
US20150001430A1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2015-01-01 Hyundai Heavy Indusstries Co., Ltd. Check valve for injecting gas

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1834061A (en) * 1930-04-30 1931-12-01 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Fuel nozzle
FR730549A (en) * 1930-11-29 1932-08-17 Injection pump for heavy oil engines
US1874283A (en) * 1930-04-28 1932-08-30 Campbell Wyant & Cannon Co Fuel injection valve for oil engines
US1893457A (en) * 1928-11-26 1933-01-03 Tartrais Eugene Henri Spraying and injecting device for internal combustion engines employing liquid fuel
US1921873A (en) * 1931-02-12 1933-08-08 Gillen Kimmey Baker Syndicate Fuel injector
US2003814A (en) * 1931-11-09 1935-06-04 Taylor John Leonard Oil engine atomizer
US2035203A (en) * 1934-02-21 1936-03-24 John W Smith Method of and apparatus for feeding fuel
US2063709A (en) * 1933-03-25 1936-12-08 Taylor John Leonard Atomizer
GB543795A (en) * 1940-12-24 1942-03-12 George Stephen Kammer Improvements in injection valves and nozzles for internal combustion engines
US2317618A (en) * 1940-12-23 1943-04-27 Franklin R King Fuel injector
US2398834A (en) * 1940-07-25 1946-04-23 Kammer George Stephen Fuel injection in internalcombustion engines

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1893457A (en) * 1928-11-26 1933-01-03 Tartrais Eugene Henri Spraying and injecting device for internal combustion engines employing liquid fuel
US1874283A (en) * 1930-04-28 1932-08-30 Campbell Wyant & Cannon Co Fuel injection valve for oil engines
US1834061A (en) * 1930-04-30 1931-12-01 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Fuel nozzle
FR730549A (en) * 1930-11-29 1932-08-17 Injection pump for heavy oil engines
US1921873A (en) * 1931-02-12 1933-08-08 Gillen Kimmey Baker Syndicate Fuel injector
US2003814A (en) * 1931-11-09 1935-06-04 Taylor John Leonard Oil engine atomizer
US2063709A (en) * 1933-03-25 1936-12-08 Taylor John Leonard Atomizer
US2035203A (en) * 1934-02-21 1936-03-24 John W Smith Method of and apparatus for feeding fuel
US2398834A (en) * 1940-07-25 1946-04-23 Kammer George Stephen Fuel injection in internalcombustion engines
US2317618A (en) * 1940-12-23 1943-04-27 Franklin R King Fuel injector
GB543795A (en) * 1940-12-24 1942-03-12 George Stephen Kammer Improvements in injection valves and nozzles for internal combustion engines

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628866A (en) * 1950-04-25 1953-02-17 Gen Motors Corp Fuel injection pump
US2710228A (en) * 1952-10-13 1955-06-07 Loach Douglas Dewey De Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
US2890657A (en) * 1955-08-12 1959-06-16 Gen Motors Corp Unit injector pump with pilot injection
US3451627A (en) * 1966-03-28 1969-06-24 Cav Ltd Tubular part having a passageway formed in the wall thereof
US3368491A (en) * 1966-06-22 1968-02-13 Murphy Diesel Company Fuel injection pump
US3796205A (en) * 1971-05-28 1974-03-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
US3982693A (en) * 1976-01-16 1976-09-28 General Motors Corporation Orifice plunger valve fuel injector
US4693424A (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-09-15 General Motors Corporation Poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
US4750675A (en) * 1987-10-05 1988-06-14 General Motors Corporation Damped opening poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
US4813600A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-03-21 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Simplified pressure time dependent fuel injector
US4905908A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-03-06 General Motors Corporation Poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
US4909444A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-03-20 General Motors Corporation Poppet covered orifice fuel injection nozzle
AT408253B (en) * 1992-03-02 2001-10-25 Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech Injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine
DE4442764A1 (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
US6062533A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for valve control
US6119952A (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-09-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for dosing fluid
US6311950B1 (en) 1999-04-20 2001-11-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fluid metering device
US20150001430A1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2015-01-01 Hyundai Heavy Indusstries Co., Ltd. Check valve for injecting gas
US9482362B2 (en) * 2012-02-13 2016-11-01 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Check valve for injecting gas

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