US2457607A

US2457607A - Remote control system

Info

Publication number: US2457607A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles E Seymour
Original assignee: CONTROL CORP
Current assignee: CONTROL CORP
Priority date: 1946-11-08
Filing date: 1946-11-08
Publication date: 1948-12-28
Anticipated expiration: 1965-12-28

Description

Dec. 28, 1948. c. E. SEYMOUR I 7 REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM Filed NOV. 8, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 m w m m w 85 2 R w 5 O w T w M 3 I 2 4 V E 0 6 2 l W 4 l 3 4 5 M 395 ale 8 5 l B S m 1 6 I 7 6 7 m m CHARLES E. SEYMOUR BY t gawfl ATTOR E FIG.

WEN/I68 mglas Dec. 28, 194s.-

Filed Nov. 8, 1946 C- E? SEYMOUR REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I l v I [I [I /I I I, 2 247 IO M l2 I3 243 I l l I I I I I l 24:

287 E I h 288 375 296 302 I? [M11092 [26a INVENTOR CHARLES E. SEYMOUR ATTORNE Patented Dec. 28, 1948 UNITED PATENT OFFICE nnmo'rn oo'N'rno sYs'rsM Charles'E. Seymour, Baraboo, assignor to Control Minneapolis, Mimic, acorporation of Minnesota Application November 8, 1946, Setial'No. 708,536

I "M invention relatesto remote control-systems and has foran object to provide a control system which maybe connected to an alternating current line and operated without interfering with thenormal use of the line to cause some remotely to a Y type olyphase line and .parti'culariy to the neutral thereof. I An object of the invention resides in connecting a resistance to the line and in applying a direct current voltage across said resistance;

Another object of the invention resides in'pro viding means for reversingthe olarity of the voltage across said resistance.

A still further object of the invention resides in? providing a remote control system in which the controlled circuit is operated upon variation of the load on the line.

A feature or the invention resides in providing a system in which increase in the load on the' line above a predetermined value provides a certain polarity of the direct current voltage across said resistance and decrease in the loadon the 'line below said value causes reversal of the polarity of said voltage across the resistance.

7 Another object of the invention'resi'des in constructing the remote control device with a re;

c'eiver having two circuits energized by opposed voltages procured ,from the line and normally balancing one another but adapted to become unbalanced upon'shift of the axis of the voltage of the'l ine.

- A still further object of the invention resides in employing a load device energized by both of said'volt ages, and. in further providing means responsive to the voltage across said. load device for controlling the controlled circuit.

Another object of the invention resides in providing thermionic tubes in said circuits.

[Other objects of the invention reside in the novel combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter'ill'usr trat'ed and/or described.

r In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a wiring diagram or the transmitter of a; remote control system embodying my invention":

' 15 mm (Cl; I'll-47)- Pig 2 is a wirrngd-iagram of a modification of a'portion of the some.

"Fig. 3' is a wiring diagram or the receiver of th'e'system.

Myimprovedremote control system comprises agtransmitter which I' have indicated in its entirety by the referencecharacter Aand which is connected" to an arternating'current power transmission line B at one locality in said line. This transmitter includes avoltag'e modifier C which serves to modify thevoltage of the line B in a manner such as'not to interfere with the normal operation of the line. Said transmitter includes an actuating device D which renders the voltage modifier C" inoperative. This actuating device in'the form'oftheinvention illustrated, is operat'edby the load on the "line and serves, when the load reaches a-certain' maximum, to cause the voltagemodrner to modify the line voltage in one manner and when the load on the line reaches a predetermined minimum, to cause the modifier to modify the line voltage in another manner. The transmitter of my invention further includes a checking device-E which serves to insure that the modificdvoftag'e has been effectiveiy utilized and which renders the vortage modifier inoperative after-a predetermined period or time. At a remote locality in the transmission line" is located a receiver F which inclhdes a detector G responsive to the modification of the voltage producedby the voltage modifier C; This detector energizes anamplifler'H which, in turn, operates the control device J and controls the circuit adapted to be controlled by the invention. These various-parts of the invention will now be described indetail.

My invention is preferably applied to a polyphase power transmission line. The line B illustrated in the drawings, is a Y type of transmission line, having three conductors M, II and [2 connected to the various phases of a three phase some olpow'er and a neutrai I3. The source of energyior the line B has been diagrammatically designated in'the drawings by the numeral [4, and may consist of'a generator or transformer having windings I9, It and I! connected in Y. Conductor fl! is connected to winding l5, condoctor H is connected to winding l6 and conductor I2 is connected to winding IT. The neutral it"tollows along the conductors H), H and i2 and isgroflnded as indicated at 20 at the power statioh andat other localities along the line, not shown in the drawings.

Power for operating the various relays of the transmitter A is procured'from a line 200 having current voltage which modifies the line voltage of the line B by shifting the axis of said line voltage a slight amount. The direction of the shift of the axis of the line voltage is controlled by changing the polarity of the source of direct current impressed across the resistance 2|. The voltage modifier receives voltage from any suitable source of direct current by means of a line 30 having

conductors

22 and 23 which are connected to said source. In actual practice, 9. rectifier energized from the line B may be employed or a storage battery charged by a charger energized from a source of alternating current may be utilized. The current from the said source is controlled by two

polarity relays

24 and 25 which are energized as will be presently more fully described. The relay 24 comprises a winding 26, a normally closed switch 21 and two normally

open switches

28 and 29. The relay 25 includes a winding 3 I, a normally closed switch 32 and two normally

open switches

33 and 34. The two

conductors

22 and 23 are connected to one side of each of the

switches

33 and 34. The other sides of these switches are connected by means of

conductors

35 and 36 to the resistance 2| at the ends of the same.

Conductors

31 and 38 are also connected to the

conductors

22 and 23 and are further connected to one side of each of the

switches

28 and 29. The other sides of these switches are connected by means of conductors M and 42 to the

conductors

35 and 36 previously referred to. It will, however, be noted that the connections between the

conductors

22 and 23 and the resistance 2| are reversed through the two

relays

24 and 25 so that when one relay opcrates, the direct current potential applied across the resistance 2| has one polarity and when the other relay is operated, has the opposite polarity.

Operating in conjunction with the

relays

24 and 25 is a shorting relay 91. This relay has a winding 98, two normally closed switches 99 and IOI and two normally open switches I02 and I03. The switch 99 is connected by means of conductors I04 and I05 to the

conductors

35 and 36 which are connected to the ends of the resistance 2|. It will readily be comprehended that when the relay 91 is de-energized, that the resistance 2| is shorted out and the neutral point I8 of the source of power I4 is directly connected to ground. The switch I02 has its fixed contact connected by means of a conductor I06 to the winding 3| of relay 25. The other side of this winding is con-. nected by means of a conductor I01 to the fixed contact of the switch 21 of relay 24. The winding 26 of relay 24 is connected by means of a conductor I08 with the fixed contact of the switch I03 of relay 91, while the other side of said wind ing is connected by means of a conductor I09 with the fixed contact of the switch 32.

The actuati g device D includes a circuit which is operated by the load on the line B. For this purpose, three

current transformers

43, 44 and 45 are employed having

primaries

46, 41 and 48 and secondaries 5|, 52 and 53. The

primaries

46, 41 and 48 are connected in the conductors II, I2

and I0 respectively. The secondary 5| of the transformer 43 is connected by means of

conductors

54 and 55 to the primary 56 of a transformer 51. This transformer is used to convert the current passing through the transformer 43 into voltage suitable for operating a relay. The secondary 58 of this transformer is connected by means of conductors 63 and 64 to a full-wave rectlfier 59 which, in turn, applies the rectified voltage through

conductors

65 and 66 to a resistance 61 and a condenser 68 connected in parallel. In a similar manner, the secondary 52 of transformer 44 is connected to a transformer 69 which, in turn, feeds a rectifier 'II. This rectifier, in turn, impresses direct current voltage across a resistance 12 and a condenser 13 connected in parallel. In like manner, transformer 45 feeds a transformer 14, which, in turn, feeds a full-wave rectifier 15. This rectifier, similar to the rectifiers 59 and 1| applies direct current voltage across a resistance 16 and a condenser 11 connected in parallel. The pairs of impedance energized by the respective rectifiers 59, 1| and 15 are connected in series by means of

conductors

18 and 19. The resistance 16 and the condenser 11 are connected by means of a conductor BI to a variable resistance 82. This resistance is connected by means of a conductor 83 with the Winding 84 of a load relay 85. The said winding 84 is further connected by means of a conductor 86 with a milliammeter 81. This milliammeter is connected by means of a conductor 88 with the conductor 65 previously referred to and is further grounded as indicated at 89. By means of the resistance 82, the relay can be caused to cut in when a predetermined maximum load is on the line B and to drop out when a predetermined minimum load is on said line. The relay 85 includes two switches 9| and '92, the switch 92 .being normally open and the switch 9| normally closed. These switches have a common switch arm 93.

The actuating device D further includes an operating relay 94 which has a winding 95 and a normally open switch 96. Operating in conjunction with this relay is a hold-in relay III and a lockout relay H2. The hold-in relay III comprises a winding I I3 and a normally open switch I I4. The relay II2 has a winding II5, a normally closed switch I1 and a normally open switch II6. Relay 94 is a time controlled relay which does not close the switch 96 until after the lapse of approximately two minutes. This relay may be of the motor driven type and any such relay as is now well known in the art may be used for this purpose. The relay H2 is also a time controlled relay. This relay closes the switch II1 after a lapse of approximately thirty seconds. The relay III is also a time controlled relay but this relay operates to maintain the switch II4 closed for approximately five seconds after the said relay has been de-energized.

The checking device E includes a detector G, an amplifier H and a power supply I for the same similar to the receiver F. The detector G includes two thermionic tubes II 8 and H9. The tube II8 has a plate I2I, a grid I22, a cathode I23 and a heater I24 therefor. The tube I I9 includes a plate I25, a grid I26, a cathode I21 and a heater I28 therefor. The two tubes I I8 and I I9 are connected to a transformer I29. This transformer has a primary I3I which is connected by means of conductors I32 and I33 to a line I39 consisting of conductors I34 and I35 which is energized by the line B. The conductors I34 and I35 of line I30 are connected to the secondary 36I of a transformer 362. The primary-363 of this transformer is connected to the conductors --I2 and 13 of slime I3. The transformer I29 further includes two secondaries I36 and I31 which are connectedin opposition. One endof these'condary I36 is connected by'meansofa conductor I38 wlthi-th'e plate IZI of tube I I8. The grid 122 of said tube is connected to the plate I2 1 by means of a conductor I39. In like manner, the corresponding end of the winding 181 is connected by means of a cohductor I4I with the plate 125 of tube 1 IS. The grid I 26 of this tube is connected by means of a conductor I42 with the plate I25. The other-end of the secondary I36 of transformer 12-9 is connected by means of a conductor I43 with a resistance I44. This resistance isconnectedby means of a conductor I45 with the cathode I23 of tube II8. A condenser I46 shunts the resistance 1. In like manner, the other end of the secondary I31 of transformer 129 is connected-by means of a conductor I41 with a resistance "I48. Tnls resistance is, in turn, connected by means of a conductor I49 with the cathode I21 of tube 143. A condenser I5I shunts the resistance I48. Power for energizing the heaters I24 and 12-8 isxierived from a secondary I52 on the transformer I29. Inasmuch as the matter of connecting upheaters is well known in the art, the connections for the same have been omitted from the'drawings toreduce the complication of the same. 'Thedetector G further includes a resistance I58 which is connected to the cathodes I23 and I21 of tubes 8 and H9 by means of conductors I61 and I62,

For furnishing power for the amplifier H, the power supply I is employed. This power supply includes a thermionic tube I63 which has a'plate I64, a grid I65, a cathode I66 and a heater I61 for the same. Energy is delivered to the tube I63 from a transformer I68 which has a primary I69 connected to the line I30 by meansof conductors HI and I12. The transformer I68 has a secondary I 13 which is connected by means of'a conductor I14 to the plate I64-of tube I63. The grid I of this tube is connected by means of a conductor I 15 with the plate I64. The cathode I66 of tube I63 isconnected by means of aconductor I 18 with a fixed resistance 'I11 which, in turn,is connected by means of a conductor I18 with a variable resistance I19. Resistance I19 is, in turn, connected by means of a conductor I with the other sideof the secondary I13 of transformer "I68. A condenser I83 is connected across both of there- 'si'stances I11-and I19 by means ofconductors I84 and I85, thus shunting both of :said resistances.

The amplifier H of the checking devicelEin- F cludes a thermionic tube I53 which has :a plate I54, a grid I55, a cathode I56and-a heater I51 for'the'same. The cathode I56 of said amplifier is'connected by means of a conductor I82 :to a movable contact *I8 I ion the resistance I19. The grid I55 of said tube .is connected by .means of a conductor I81 with one end of the resistance 158. The other end of this resistance is con-- nected by means of a conductor I88 with the conductor I88. A conductor I89 connects the conductor I81 with a condenser L91 which, in turn, is connected by means of a-conductor I 82 with the conductor I82. A conductor I93 connects the conductorl16 to a condenser I94. This condenser is further connected by means or a 7 conductor I95 with one'end'of a resistance 196. The same'end of'this resistance is also connected by means of a conductor 191 with the plate I54 of=tube I53.

The .checking xdevice E .Iurther includes a cheering relay to. This relay has a wmdi'n'g' 1 99, a normally open switch at and =a normally closed SW itch'2I12. These switches have :a common snatch :arm The winding 138 is :com nected by means of a conductor 208 to freslstan'ce 4:96. The said winding is Im ther connected by means :of a conductor 284 with the conductor I88=andithe conductor I118. 'Theswiteh arm 205 of relay 3381s connected by means of awo'nductor 206 with theone end of the winding NI enem I-IEI. The other end of said is connected by means of :a conductor 289 with the ''conductor 1201 of the line 288. The switch 282 oinela-y 188 is connected by means of a conduc'tm' 2II avith a signal lamp 21-2 which, tur-n, rlsconnected by means of a conductor 24 with the conductor-209. Thesw i'tch 28%| of relay 1881s pormected :by means of a conductor '21! with .a signal lamp 215 which, in turn, is con nected by means of a conductor 2H; with the conductor :09.

Power for -energ lzlng the heaters 3 51 and I61 of the tubes 153 and I63 is derived from a secondary 186 on the transformer 468. The conductors for connecting the heaters to this secondsry have been omitted from the drawings for the masons previously brought out.

The various relays of the actuating device 13 are connected in the following manner: The winding N5 of lock-out relay I I2 is connected by means of :a conductor 2|?! with the switch I I. 'The :other side of thisswitch is connected by means of :a conductor 218 with the winding 113 of relay I II, the switch I III and the con duct'or 289. 'I-he otherend of the'winding I I5 of relay H2 is connected by means of a conductor 2 19 with the switch 96 of operation relay 94 and-with oneend of the winding '95 of said relay. Winding I I 5 is also connected by means of -a conductor 228 with switch I-I li. The switches I Rand H1 have a common switch" arm 348' which is connected {by'means of a conductor 8'48 the conductor 10a of line 298. The "other end olf the winding 95 'of said relay is connected by means of a-conductor 221 with the switch 1| P4 of hold-in relay I1 I. *Conductor22l has "connected to it, another conductor 222 which, m turn, *is connected to bo'th "or the switches I82 and me er relay A conductor 351 connects switch t! w lth swltch 92. The switch of operation relay 94 'has connected to it, a conductor 223 which, intu'm, is connected to one end of the 38 of relay "91. The ather "end or said wimimg is connected by "means or "a 'conductor .224 to rthe conductorrn prevlously reierredto. The switch VI of the-load relay llfi' 'istconnected :by a conductorzzfizto switch-32 of the'poIarit-y relay -25. A conductor L226 :connects the swttch 84 or polarityirelay with the conductor #42. Switch arm Z83 sis acomrected rto conductor 12%| 9 by means of a conductor 355. A conductor 356mm:- nects switch 92 with conductor :2'I:I.

For'tthe purpose of 'resetting the lock-outrelazy II, a :push button .346 is employed. This {push button is connectedbytsmeans of .a conductor :34! to-lconcluctor M9 :and thus to'the "winding N5 of saidr'elay. The other side of said push :button is directly connected to the conductor .208 of --l-lne 280. lnacdnjunction with I the look-out relay :I I2, azlwnpjiil is employed. This lamp connected bymeans'or a-oon'ductor 352 with theconcluotor Mk1 of line Sa-id damp -.is further --connected (by means .of "a conductor 353 with .the "switch -I1I 1. 'Whentrelay H2 dropsout, switch 1421 closes ans meme-the ilamp I.

two

tubes

221 and 228 are energized by a trans- 7 former 238. This transformer has a primary 239 which is connected by means of

conductors

241 and 242 to a line 243. The line 243 has two

conductors

245 and 246. The

conductors

245 and 246 are connected to a primary 241 of another g transformer 248. The

conductors

241 and 242 from the primary 239 of transformer 238 are connected to the

conductors

245 and 246 respectively. The transformer 248 has a secondary 251 which is connected by means of a conductor 252 to the conductor 12 of line B. A ground conductor 253 is connected to the neutral 13 of the line B and is grounded as indicated at 254. The other side of the secondary 251 is connected by means of a conductor 255 with the conductor 253 and thus grounded. The transformer 238 includes two

secondaries

256 and 251 which are connected in opposition. One end of the secondary 256' is connected by means of a conductor 258 to the plate 229. The grid 231 of tube 221 is also connected to the plate 229 by means of a conductor 259. In like manner, the corresponding end of the secondary 251 is connected by means of a conductor 261 to the plate 234 of tube 228. The

grid 235 of this tube is connected by means of i a conductor 262 with the plate 234. The other end of the secondary 256 of transformer 238 is connected by means of a conductor 263 with a resistance 264. This resistance is connected by means of a conductor 265 to the cathode 232 of tube 221. A condenser 266 shunts the resistance 264. In like manner, the other end of the secondary 251 of transformer 238 is connected by means of a conductor 261 to a resistance 268. This resistance is, in turn, connected by means of a conductor 269 with the cathode 236 of tube 228. A condenser 211 shunts the resistance 266. Power for energizing the heaters 233 and 231 is derived from

conductors

311 and 312 connected to a secondary 212 on the transformer 238. Such connections being well known in the art, have not been shown in the drawings. The detector G further includes a load device 304 which, in the form of the invention shown, is illustrated as a resistance. This resistance is connected to the

cathodes

232 and 236 of the

tubes

221 and 228 by means of

conductors

305 and 306 respectively.

The amplifier H of the receiver F consists of a thermionic tube 213 which has a plate 214, a grid 215, a cathode 216 and a heater 211 for the same.

For furnishing power for the tube 213, the power supply I is employed. This power supply includes a thermionic tube 218 which has a. plate 219, a grid 281, a cathode 282 and a heater 283 for the said cathode. Energy is delivered to the tube 163 from a transformer 284 which has a primary 285 connected to the

conductors

245 and 246 of line 243 by means of

conductors

286 and 281. The transformer 284 has a secondary 238 which is connected by means of a conductor 289 with the plate 219 of tube 218. The grid 281 of this tube is connected by means of a conductor 291 with the plate 219. The cathode 282 of the tube. 218 is connected by means of a conductor 292 with a fixed resistance 293 which, in turn, is connected by means of a conductor 294 with a variable resistance 295. Resistance 295 is, in turn, connected by meansof a conductor 296 with the other side of the secondary 288 of transformer 284. The resistance 295 has a movable contact 291 which is connected by means of a conductor 298 with the cathode 216 of tube 213. A condenser 299 is connected across both of the

resistances

293 and 295 by means of conductors 301 and 302 thus shunting both of the said resistances. Power for energizing the

heaters

211 and 263 of the

tubes

213 and 218 is derived from a secondary 303 on the transformer 284. Again, the wiring of the heaters has been omitted from the drawings. One end of the resistance 304 is connected by means of a conductor 308 with the conductor 296. The other end of this resistance is connected by means of a conductor 309 with a condenser 311 which, in turn, is connected by means 01' a conductor 312 to the conductor 298. A conductor 313 connects the conductor 309 with the grid 215 of the tube 213.

The amplifier H operates the control device J. This device includes relay 314. Relay 314 has a winding 315, a normally open switch 316 and a normally closed switch 311. These switches have a common switch arm 318. One end of the wind- 315 of relay 314 is connected by means of a conductor 319 with a resistance 321. This resistance is, in turn, connected by means of a conductor 322 with the plate 214 of tube 212. The other end of the winding 3l5 of the relay 314 is connected. by means of a conductor 323 with the conductor 301 previously referred to and which is connected to the plate 282 of tube 218. A condenser 324 is connected by means of a conductor 325 with conductor 322. This condenser is also connected by means of a conductor 326 with the conductor 292.

Since the relay 314 depends for operation on the shift of the current Passing through the winding of the same above and below a predetermined normal current, it can readily be comprehended that variations in line voltage will produce a variation in the heater current and plate voltage of the various tubes and thus affeet the relay current. To overcome this effect, a half wave rectifier 315 is employed which is connected by means of a conductor 316 with the conductor 312 leading from the secondary 212 of transformer 238. This rectifier is further connected by means of a conductor 311 with a variable resistance 318. Said resistance is, in turn, connected by means of a conductor 319 with the conductor 311. The resistance 318 forms a load on the secondary 212 and the rectifier 315 serves to rectify the current passing through this resistance. This unidirectional current has the effect of shifting the axis of the flux in the case of the transformer 238. The rectiher 315 is so connected that when the line voltage increases the shift in axis increases the negative bias on the grid of tube 213 which reduces the output of the same to an extent sufficient to offset the increase in filament and plate voltage to the tubes. The reverse occurs when the line voltage decreases.

Relay 314 of receiver F operates a load control relay 321 which constitutes a part of the control device J. This relay has dual windings 328 and 329which jointly control a pivoted armature 331. The said armature swings about a fulcrum 332 and is adapted to be attracted by either ltthe.-w dinssmj r 32 I1. associatedsw thz thi armature are twoswit hes 333;%I'1. 33.4. he a!- met re 3M: forming: a eommencon a both oil said switches. wind ng-3. 9: a o h ase socia'tedzwith t switc 35: to eth w t t switch. 333;. The oadz o e: on-tro e iseo nected to a 3.3-"- em is hs: heto s 33 3.31 andfifiih nductor: 33 isdi y. h ee e ed; toth conduct r. 2 .5 o n it wh le cohdtuet r 36 s con ected e h wi h h swi h. is conne ted to the nduc o 338* wh ch. n; turn. is nne ted; o the qmi eter am of melda. he w ndin 32.9 o relay s en.- nected: by means of: a co du tor 3.3.9: th the switch 3H3. Switch 3 is; cqnnected by means f? a conduct w th on nd of the w di 3285' of r lay 321. Th other d. of. thi w n ing is connected by means of a conductor- 342 withhe switch :34. Sw t 3 3 s mi ar y co nectedby me ns-c a con uc o 34-3 with th o henendce the. w hthhs 31- The a mat re 33' of: the relay 5 s con ect d by means. o a onduc or 3.4 i h he co uc s n 3. Switch 3.! of relay 3, is connected by means f; a. c ndu t r- 34 with the c d tor ofisaidlihe- 4 v I In E gr. ha hown a, m difi a ion-of the intent n-v D etat e imfla i y. of the, tw forms of the inventi n. descript on ot the, inven n w now be repeated and the corresponding parts of the system shown in; Fig. 2,v will be, designated by the. same r ference. hara ters a u ed in Fig. 1, and to. h ch. hav b e added. hesu fix character 11,. In the formo the n tion ereshewn. the, resistance Zlq instead of being connected dir ct y to ground, is connect d in the. neut a 361 which in this. form o he invention, is. round d at the lo ality of the ur at pow r 4; as indicat d at Ma.

The op ration, of my invention a follows: Assume that. the line ieedihg he load to be controlled is. disconnecte All of th relate n oth. the. ransm tter and eiverwo ld. then.v occupy thev positions hown in the drawing Suf ici nt. current would he flowing thro h th w din 8 of relay 95 o transmitter, A. to cau e. the. s itchv arm 93 of. ai rel y to clos switch 9L An. examinat on. of. Fig. 1, would indicate hat cir u ts through the switch 5|v are broken at switch I02; I03 and, switch .01.. The var ous. parts. of the invention would hence remain as shown- If. new. the. loa s on line 3 decreases. su ciently to permit f nnect ng he. c n rolled load'tothe line. the current th ough t e wi d ng 84. of relay 85 drops sufiiciently to drop, the switch. arm 9 3,. This causes the. switch .2. to become. c os The tollow circuits an now be traced; hlm nce inn; with the con ucto 2 0.1 of in 2.0.0.. the c rcuit can be traced through conductor 3.4%. he, swi ch H6, condu tor ZIS and onductor .355 and through swi h 92.- om this switch. cu ren through c ndu tors: 3 6cm. 1."; th ough switch 202, through conductor 206, through the windin Hit of relay iIl, andthroush cond 209 back to th o her id 010 e. line. 200.. This energi es r lay I and lqsesswitch 4.. A new circuit is now established -This r ui commences at conductor 201 of line 2% passes throu h. cond ctor. 20!. sw tc UL, conductor 22!, th wind ng; 9 of rel y 84, through con duotor l and through t e switch. 1 t6, back, t the other side .208. at th li e, 200. This ener7 sizes r lay 94; Relay is atlra e ntmlled relay requ ring ern oximete yone-to t o. min utes to ornate The said relay mayb a matc driven type ofg relay or any other relay'suitable for -the purpose. The purpose of this relay is to.

prevent temporary line, load variations of the lilieefrorn cutting in the load on the line. After the lapse of the requiredtime, relay 94. closes switch 96. This establishes a circuit from cond;uctor i0 ofj linet200 throughswitch H6, conductor 2I9, switch 96, conductor 223, the winding 98 of relay. 9], conductor 2; conductor 222, conductor 22L, switch. II4, which was. previously closed conductor. 209. and conductor 201 of line 200. Energization of relay 91 closes two circuits and openstwotother circuits. One of the cir= cuitswhich is open. includes the circuit through switch; afl conductor I04, resistance 2,-I- and conductor I05. This removes the short from the resistance 2I- and connects the said resistance between. the neutral point I8 of the source of power M- and ground The other circuit which isopen includes 201,

conductor

209, 21,8, switch Ill-t, conductor M1, the winding II5 of relay mt onduc o 2.29s s ch H n c ndu r 3.40m conductor 20 8 of line 200. Relay I. I2 is a time-controlled relay which does not release u til, the expiration of a predetermined time after its de-energization, thus maintaining switch I I6 closed, during this interval. This relay is for the purpose of disconnecting the remote con-. trolled system from the line. in the event of. fail. re.v o ope atio T ev m n r o n t is relaywill, be subsequently more fully described.

- Oneofi the circuits closed bythe relay 91 commences with the conductor 20?! of line 209, 'm-.. eludes conductor 209, switch II4 conductors 221 and 222., switch I02, conductor I06 the winding 3| of relay. 25 conductor I01, switch 21. otrelay 20, conductor 35.1, switch 92, conductor 355, conductor 219, .swi tch H6 and conductor 34 0. to. conductor 208 of line 200.. This energizes relay 25. Energization or this relay closes two cir-. cuits; and opens one circuit. The two circuits closed connect the source of direct current from conductors. 22 and 2.3 of line across the resist: ance. 2I;- so as to produce a certain polarity at said resistance. The direct current impressed across this resistance affects the line voltage by shifting the axis of the same a small amount. This-shift in the axis of the line voltage is trans= mittedthrough the entirenetwork and is present at e ec r-Br The action at the receiver F is as follows: In normal operation, the voltage from the line 243, which is, stepped down from the line B through transformer 240, impressed upon the two

tubes

221 and 220 opgosing voltages which exactly bal-. ance one another. The potential across the re-. sistanceJM is hence normally 230- Since the tubes 22'! and .228 rectify the alternating cur-1 teht m ressecl'upen he sam it Will readily be came a pa ent-that. it t e axis o he n voltage is shifted, one of said tubes will pass a greater am unt of cu ren th n he other. h l eifie s en acro t e si an .3 Th s retea ia s mpressed up n the nh H h ch is connected to the relay 3. The relay 3I4 is at all' tirhes energized bythe tube 213. When the notentialacross resistance 304 is in a direc-.v tien to ee ea ethe r d i s on u 21 a greater amount. of current flows through the winding 3I5 of relay 3. This causes switch 3I-G to close completes a circuit commenchis with on uctor 2450 ine 243 through. cone ductor 3 through switch 334 ofrelay 321, thrc ehsnitch.- w: n hrou h e hduet 341 to witch Ski-r Said ci cu t n ud h ductor 345 and the other side 246 of said line 243. Further energization of the winding 320 of relay 32'! operates the same to open switch 334 and to close

switches

333 and 335. This connects the

conductors

338 and 336 together and connects the line 330 to the load. At the same time, the circuit through the winding 328 of relay 321 is opened.

At the same time that the shift in the axis of the voltage of the line B operates the receiver F, said shift in the axis, in a similar manner, operates the checking device E. The output of the transformer I29 is delivered to the two tubes III! and H9, which impresses voltage across the resistance I58. This voltage is amplified by the tube I53 which operates the relay I 98. Relay I98 is similar to relay 3I4 and is at all times energized. If the current flowing through this relay exceeds the normal amount, the switch MI is closed. If the current drops below normal, switch 202 is closed. With the parts as arranged in the drawings, it was assumed that the load on line B had decreased to cause actuation of the relay 3I4 in a manner to close the switch 3I6. This would likewise cause switch 20I to be closed. At the same time, switch 202 would be opened. Switch 202 controls energization of the holding relay II I. This relay, in turn, controls energize.- tion of the operation relay 94. Opening of the switch 202 would drop out relay III and likewise, drop out relay 94. Relay I I I is a timed relay and does not drop out until after a predetermined period following its de-energization. This is for the purpose of giving all of the receivers on the line ample opportunity to function. The de-energizatlon of relays 94 and III opens switches 90 and H4 which control the energization of the relay 91. At the same time, opening of the switch II4 de-energizes relays 24 and 25 and the said relays drop out. switch 99 is reestablished and the neutral point I3 of the source of power I4 is directly connected to ground. The various relays and other parts of the system now assume the same positions as indicated on the drawings except that the switcl: 92 of relay 85 remains closed and switch 9| remains open. Also, switch 20I remains closed and switch 202 remains open. At the receiver F, the parts remain as shown in the drawings except that the switch 3? remains closed and '3 the switch 3II remains open and likewise, the

switches

333 and 335 remain closed and the switch 334 remains open. The voltage on the line B is thus brought back to normal and the various lines 330 connected to the loads associated therewith. These circuits now continue to be energized until the load on the line B in creases above normal.

When the load on the line B increases to such an extent that it becomes undesirable to further continue energization of the line 330, relay 05 is operated in a manner to close the switch 9|. This establishes a circuit through relay III which again closes switch II4. Switch II4 again operates relay 94 which, after the lapse of a certain period of time, closes switch 96. Switch 96 again energizes relay 91 which removes the short across the resistance 2 I, thus placing the said resistance between the neutral point I9 of the power supply I4 and ground. In this case, however, relay 24 is operated instead of relay 25. The circuit for energizing relay 24 can be traced as follows: Commencing with the side 200 of line 209, the current in said circuit passes through switch IIB, conductors H9 and 350, switch 9I.

Immediately, the short through conductor 225, switch 32, conductor I09, the winding 26 of relay 24, conductor I08, switch I03, conductor 222, conductor 22I, switch H4 and conductor 209 back to the conductor 20'? of the said line. Relay 24 is so connected that the polarity of the direct current voltage from line 30 which is impressed on resistance 22I is reversed. This causes the shift of the axis of the voltage of line B to be in the opposite direction. The result is that the voltage across the resistance 304 of detector G is increased, thereby increasing the bias on the tube 273. This reduces the current supplied to the relay SM and causes the switch 3I6 to open and the switch 3 I l to close. This causes a circuit through the winding 329 of relay 321 to be established through switch 3I'I. The armature 33I is now attracted by the winding 329 and

switches

333 and 335 opened. This deenergizes the relay 321 and also opens the circuit through line 330. The parts how remain as shown in the drawings without exception as far as the receiver is concerned. The shift in the axis of the voltage of the line B also operates the checking device E in the same manner as the receiver F. This again causes switch 20I to open and switch 202 to close. Relay III is again deenergized and correspondingly, relays 94, 91 and 24 are de-energized and the parts of the transmitter then occupy the positions shown in the drawings without exception.

The purpose of the switch H2 is as follows: Normal operation of the system usually takes five or six seconds. In the event that the checking device E does not function, the shift in voltage on the line B would continue. Relay H2 is a time-controlled relay which continues to operate for approximately thirty seconds after deenergization. In event of failure of the checking device E, relay II2 would, at the expiration of this period, open the switch H6 and de energize relays III, 94, 91 and relays 24 or 25 whichever was energized. At the same time, a circuit through switch II'I would be established which would light up the lamp 35L In order to reset the relay II2, for future operation, the push button 345 is operated which directly supplies energy to the winding II5 of said relay through the conductor 341, conductor 211. switch IIII, conductor 2I8 and conductor 209.

The two lamps 2I2 and 2I5 are controlled by the two switches 9| and 92. One of these lamps is always energized and indicates whether or not the switch 335 is open or closed.

My invention may be put to numerous uses. In the furnishing of electric power for water heaters, it becomes highly desirable to furnish the power at times other than durin peak loads. For this reason, it is necessary that the heaters be turned on and off at the required times. The instant invention makes it possible to automatically turn the heaters on and oh? whenever required without disturbing the normal operation of the line.

The advantages of the invention are manifest. The control system of my invention may be applied to existing power lines without appreciable change or alteration thereof. My improved control system does not interfere with the normal operation of the line and does not cause the stopping of clocks or interfere with other devices which are ordinarily energized from the line. The receivers of the invention require but a small amount of energy and numerous such devices may be applied to the line and simultaneously operated. The device is entirely automatic and guano-r will cut inas'soon as the load 'on'the line becomes low enough and will cut out before peak load is reached. Thus, the heaters are operated'so that substantiall'ya full tank" of hot Water is available at all times at each of the localities .where the receivers are installed;

Changes in the specific form of myinvention,

as herein described, may be made within the scope of what isclaimed without departing from the spirit of. my invention. 1

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and de'sireto-protect by Letters Patent is:

I. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter including aresistance connectedin series-in oneof. the con- (factors of said line, said transmitter utilizing adirect current voltage adapted to be applied across said resistance to shift the axis of the voltage of said lineand a receiver responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of" an alternatirrg current voltage and connected to said line at a locality remote from said transmitter.

2. In a remote control-system, operable Over a pol-yphase alternating currentline, a transmitter including a resistance connected to said line, said transmitter utilizing, a direct current voltage and including a terminal having a positive potential, actuating means responsive to the load on said line and" operating when. the load on'the line exceeds: a certain values toconnect said terminal to one end of said resistance to procure a shift in the axis of the potential of said line in. one direction and when the load falls below a certain value to connect said terminal to the other end of said resistance to shift the axis of the potential of said line in the opposite direction, and a receiver responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of an alternating current voltage and responding in diiferent ways to the shift of the axis in opposite directions, said receiver being connected in said line at a locality remote from said transmitter.

3. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter utilizing a direct current voltage adapted to be applied to said line to shift the axis of the voltage of said line and a receiver responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of an alternating current voltage and connected to said line at a locality remote from said transmitter, said transmitter further including a checking device responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of an alternating current voltage and connected to said line and serving to maintain said direct current voltage applied to said line for a predetermined period after actuation of said transmitter.

4. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter utilizing a direct current voltage adapted to be applied to said line to shift the axis of the voltage of said-line and a receiver responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of an alternating current voltage and connected to said line at a locality remote from said transmitter, said transmitter further including a checking device responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of an alternating current voltage and connected to said line and serving to de-energize said transmitter upon the occurrence of a shift in the axis of the line voltage suflicient to operate said receiver subsequent to a certain period following initiation of said transmitter.

5. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter includinga resistance connected to said line, means for applying a direct current voltage across said resistance to shift the axis of the voltage of said line and a load controlled device for controlling the polarity of the direct current voltage across saidresistance.

6. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter including a resistance connected to said line, means" for applying a direct current voltage across said resistance toshift the axis of the voltage of said linegarelay responsive to the load on said line and adapted when the load exceeds a certain value to=procure a certain polarity of the direct current voltage across said resistance and when the load falls below said value to reverse the polarity of? the direct current voltage across said resistance, and a receiver responsive to varia-. tions in the shift of. the axis of an alternating current'voltage and. responding in different ways to thE Sh'lftYOf the'axis in opposite directions, said receiver beingconnected: in said line at a locality remoteifrom said transmitter.

' 7. In. a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for shifting: the: axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising two circuits having opposed voltages; procured from the line and normally balancing one another, but adapted to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltage of the line and control means responsive to the unbalance of the voltages in. said circuits.

8. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for shifting the axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising two circuits having opposed voltages procured from the line and normally balancing one another, but adapted to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltage of the line, a load device energized by both of said circuits and control means responsive to the voltage across said load device.

9. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for shifting the axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising two circuits, each having a thermionic tube energized by the line and connected in opposition to procure opposed voltages in said circuits normally balancing one another but adapted to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltages of the line, a load device energized by both of said circuits and control means responsive to the voltage across said load device.

10. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for shifting the axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising two circuits having opposed voltages procured from the line and normally balancing one another, but adapted to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltage of the line, a load device energized by both of said circuits and control means including a thermionic tube having its grid connected to a circuit containing said load device.

11. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for shifting the axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising a transformer energized by said line and having two secondaries, two circuits connected to said secondaries, two thermionic tubes connected in said circuits, a load device energized by both of said tubes, said secondaries being connected in said circuits in a manner to cause the outputs of said tubes to 15 normally balance one another but to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltage of the line and control means responsive to the voltage across said load device.

12. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line having a number of main conductors and a grounded neutral associated therewith. an impedance connected in series in said neutral between the source of power supplying said line and ground, a transmitter including a source of direct current applied across said impedance and shifting the axis of the alternating current flowing in said main condoctors, and a receiver connected to one of said main conductors and to said neutral and responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of the alternating current voltage in said line, said receiver being connected to said line at a locality remote from said transmitter.

13. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating curernt line, a transmitter including an impedance connected in series in one of the conductors of said line, said transmitter utilizing a direct current voltage adapted to be applied across said impedance to shift the axis of the voltage of said line and a receiver responsive to variations in the shift of the axis of alternating current voltage and connected to said line at a locality remote from said transmitter.

14. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for 16 shifting the axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising two circuits, each having an amplifier energized by the line and connected in opposition to procure opposed voltages in said circuits normally balancing one another, but adapted to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltages of the line, a load device energized by both of said circuits and control means,

responsive to the voltage across said load device.

15. In a remote control system, operable over an alternating current line, a transmitter for shifting the axis of the voltage of the line, a receiver comprising two circuits having opposed voltages procured from the line and normally balancing one another, but adapted to become unbalanced upon shift of the axis of the voltage of the line, a load device energized by both of said circuits and control means including an amplifier connected to a circuit containing said load device.

CHARLES E. SEYMOUR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,213,384 Conwell et al Sept. 3, 1940 2,266,851 Conwell et a1 Dec. 23, 1941