US2354914A - Riveting tool and method of riveting - Google Patents

Description

-Aug. l', 1944. M. GoLDsTElN V 2,354,914

RIVETING TOOL AND METHOD OF RIVETING Filed Jan. so. 1942 Il VIII,

Patented Aug. 1, 1944 UNITED STATES-*PATENT OFFICE myE'rG Toon AND METHOD or -RIVETING MaxlGoldstein, New VYork, N. Y. Application January 30, 1942, seriaiNa 428,969-

17 Claims.` (Cl. 7S-53.5)

i My invention relates to a riveting tool, andfa method of riveting.

In the art of riveting as now practicedv either of two procedures are followed: the first being to insert a manufactured rivet, consisting of a shank with a head at one end only thereof, into a proper opening in any overlapped or superimposed material such as metal sheets and theflike and applying a `rivet gun or equivalent means to the end ofthe shank opposite said head While supporting the headed end and thereby vupset or otherwise deform the said shank-end and forming ya head thereat. The second procedure has quite recently been practiced, Iparticularly in the, aircraft industry, and consists in inserting the aforesaid rivet in `an opening in any overlapped or superimposed material such as metal plates, sheets or the like and then applying a rivet gun to the head ofy the rivet and placing a bucking bar, so called, against thenend of the rivet shank, starting operation of the rivet gun, and thereby effect an .upsettingor deformation of the shank end of the rivet to form a head thereon. This"bucking bar is a solid metallic bar or block that is held against the shank end of the rivet by a mechanic and in use is often dislodged or slips from the shank of the rivet being bucked due to the intensity ofthe' impact of the rivet gun and results in adefective .bucked head yon the shank end thereof, rand f" this dislodgment orrslipping of the bucking bar tends also to cause slipping of the rivet gun from the headed end ofthe rivet and defacement Vor ruin ofthe metal or-the like that is being riveted. It is clear from the foregoing that the known procedures of riveting necessarily involvea certain amount of guess work and depend upon the capability and skill of the mechanic, toleffect a proper lrivet joint. However, no `matter how skilled the mechanic in the art of riveting, the riveting job resulted in a more orless hit or miss proposition, in that the formedheads of the rivets are non-'uniform in size and are of differentheights which, of course, isfvery-undesirable and totally unsatisfactory in numerous instances. Irl-present day umass-production yof* aircraft, tanks and various other implements-rand,l devices, andwhere there is involved an all-zout in production for speed, accuracy, and time being of theessence, my riveting tool, which is a tool to form a head on a rivet, .and also mymethod of riveting fits perfectly into the picture as a whole and admirably serves a useful purpose that is urgently needed now. By practicing the art of riveting, using my riveting tool and method., al1

of the aforesaid disadvantages, vguess-workand unsatisfactory rivet joints are overcome Aand,preV duction is speeded up materially and the resulting job of riveting is one where all for-med heads of the rivets are of uniform size and of .the'desired and specied height. vThen too, `my riveting tcolvisstructurally sound and simple as well as being inexpensive to manufacture. I-nausing my riveting tool for forming aheadon a rivet and practicingv my riveting, methody it is .not necessary that a skilled mechanic be employed, for the rivetingisaccomplished automatically,.lso to speak, as regardsV all of` therivets formedbeing of uniform size and of the desired.height,. di-

ameter, etc. j v, The general object of myinvention-is to provide a riveting tool that is portable .and adapted. to form heads all of uniform` size, shape and height on thershanks of individual rivets` .'Anotherobject of my invention is to provide a riveting tool that is portable. and adapted to be heldin thehand of the user to form heads of uniform size, shape and height on the shank ends of individual manufactured rivets, each al,- ready having a headk at the opposite end thereof. Another object of my invention is to provide a riveting tool that is spring-loaded, portable, and adapted to` Vform heads of uniform size, shape and height onthe shank ends of rivets.

Another object of my invention is to provide a riveting tool that is spring-loaded, portable,` and adapted, to be heldin lthe hand of the user to simultaneously form a head of uniform size, shape and heighten one or more shank ends of manufactured rivets already having heads at the opposite ends thereof. Y

` A further object of ,my invention is to provide a riveting tool that is of utmost safety inv use; inexpensive to manufacture, and automatic in use as regards resulting in, uniformity. of size, shape and height ,of the rivet heads that are formed.

One object of the invention as regards my method of riveting. is to form a'rveted, joint yat the overlapped ends vof metallic sheets. or the like, or superimposed metallic sheets or thelike, whereby all of the heads formed on the rivets are uniform as to shape, size and height.

A further objectvof my method of riveting resides in forming the heads .on a plurality -of rivets simu1taneously and each of saidV heads being of uniform size, shape and height;

A still further object fof my method ofriveting resides in the formationy of a head of predeter'V mined size, shape and height on the shank ends suitable screws I secure the closure 9 to the casing and closure anchoring means IU by passing through the openings I4 in the closure and Figure 1 is an elevational view of a preferred embodiment of my riveting tool.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view takenV on the lines 2-2 of Figure 1. c

Figure 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view ,y taken on the lines 3 3 of Figure 2, looking in Y the direction ofthe arrows.

Figure 4 is an exploded perspective showing all of the elements of my riveting tool as embodied in Figures 1-3. v y

Figures 5 and 6 are slight modifications of my invention shown in Figures 1-4.

Figure 7 is an elevational view showing a further embodiment of my invention, and

Figure 8 isla. vertical cross-sectional view taken on the lines 8-8 of Figure '7.

Referring to the drawing in detail, and particularly Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, my riveting tool consists of a hollow casing I, here shown as being substantiallyy square in cross-section and of a size to permit the same Yto be conveniently and firmly grasped inthe hand of the user. This casing may be suitably knurled or otherwise formed or roughened as Vat 2` to prevent the tool from slipping from the grasp of the user. An anvil, or hammer 3 preferably of solid, hard metal and ,relatively heavy, acting somewhat as a piston ina cylinder, which anvil is also substantially square in cross-section and complemental in shape to the interior of said casing, is positioned within the casing. The anvil 3 is capable of limited reciprocating or sliding movement in said casing, as will be presently explained. The anvil has integral therewith at its inner-end 3', a centrally disposed boss 3, of reduced dimensions and the outer end 4 thereof is perfectly flat and constitutes the striking face for engaging a rivet to form a rivet head 5 or heads to be presently explained. The inner end 3 of the anvil,

it will be noted, terminates below the end I of the casing and thereby provides a space or compartment '6 for the coiled compression spring 1, one end of which engages the boss 3" on the anvil and the other end of which engages a boss 8 preferably integral with a closure plate 9, and the two said bosses being in spaced alignment.

The closure 9 is anchored or secured to the casing by means of a substantially square casing reinforcing insert which may be welded interiorly of the casing adjacent end I thereof as indicated at II, but it is to be understood that other desirable means may be utilized to secure the said insert Within the casing. This anchoring means I0 for the closure 9 is provided with `a centrally disposed opening I0' into which the boss of the closure projects, see Figure 2, the said boss 8 being of alesser diameter than the opening III', thereby affording a circular space I2 for the upper coils of spring 1. The closure anchoring means I0 is provided adjacent each of its four corners with screw-threaded openings or sockets I 3 which register with complementa] openings I4 adjacent each of the four corners of the closure 9, and

being driven home in the threaded openings I3. It will be seen that when said screws I5 are tightly screwed into the threaded openings I3, see Figure 2, the coiled spring 'I will be compressed somewhat, and will be maintained in working relationship with said anvil, and that upon loosening said screws, more or less, an adjustment of the said spring is obtained.

In order to provide for the limited or restricted sliding or reciprocating movement of the anvil 3 I provide suitable means designated as a whole at I6, which means serves a dual function in that it not only limits or restricts the outward movement of the anvil 3, but also provides an adjustment which determines the size, shape and heightof the upsetting or forming of the head 5 at theshank end of the manufactured rivet which already has formed thereon at one end the usual head 5. This said anvil adjustment and anvil movement limiting means consists of an interiorly threaded nut, boss or the like I1 which may be welded to the casing I, adjacent an opening I8 therein, or which may be formed integral with the casing; an interiorly threaded lock-nut `I9; an exteriorly threaded set-screw 20 having a reduced end 20'; a removable and replaceable bushing 2I having an opening 2|' therein to accommodate' therein the end 20' of the set-screw and a rectangular recess or groove 22 in one face of the anvil 3, the end walls 22 of the recess serving as 4anY abutment for the bushing 2I in its movement within the casing.

The'anvil adjustment and movement limiting means when assembled as shown in Figure 2 operates to limit the outward movement of the anvil 3, so that consequently the heads 5 of the rivets will all be formed uniform as to shape, size and height. .'By using bushings 2I of different sizes and diameters rivet heads 5 of different shape, size and height can be formed. In other words, the bushing 2| of a given diameter can be replaced by a bushing of a different size and diameter and consequently the head 5 of the rivet will be of a slightly different shape, size and height.

In the modification of my invention shown in Fig/ure 5 I have shown the reduced end 20 of set-screw 20 eccentrically disposed and having thefbushing 2| mounted thereon, thus obviating the necessity of substituting bushings 2| of different sizes and diameters. It will be seen that by turning the set-screw 20, in Figure 5, the eccentrically disposed end 2U thereof with the bushing 2I thereon will permit of a wide range of adjustment, as regards limiting the amount of outward movement of anvil 3, and consequently effect different shapes and sizes and heights of the rivet heads 5.

In Figure 6 I have shown a modification of my casing I wherein 4the end I thereof is flanged inwardlyV as'at 23, the flanges 23 each having threaded openings 24 therein to receive the screws I5 to secure the closure 9 in place and thus obviate the necessity of using the said insert I0 for this purpose.A It is of course understood that the openings in closure 9, when said closure is used in connection with said flanges 23, will be disposed intermediate the four end edges thereof so as to be in registry with openings 24 in said flanges rather than as shown adjacent each corner thereof.

In the embodiment of my invention as shown in Figures '7 and 8, Imy riveting toolfczonsists` of only 4 parts, namely-casing' 30, closure cap-3l therefonanvil 32 and coiled compression spring 33. Thecasing 30 here-`shownis cylindrical and Vis exteriorly lscrew-threaded at its-flipper; end

portion 34 to receive thereon the closure cap 3l.

interiorly screw-threaded at 35. Anvil 32'which is of solid metal and relatively heavy is also cylindrical in shape and is capable of sliding or reciprocal movement within the casing",i and isy pro'- videdY at on end' thereof with anV integralcentrally disposed elongated cylindrical or other suitably shaped boss 32 which isf'of considerablyfre'- duced diameter-than; the main -bod-y Iof tnej 'anvil 3-2. `Thus, a space "or compartment 35 is-fformed within the "casing for accommodating the coil spring 33l therein the latter being concentrc with and surrounding the saidboss 32'" throughout a portion of its length. One end of thecoil spring 33 bears against" the under-side` of the'top of closure cape 3l adjacent anopening 3I therein and through which opening the boss 32 projects and slides therein and the otherv end of said'coil spring bears against Ythe main body of 'the anvil at 31. The striking face of the anvil isindicated 'at' 32". Inorder Vto-limit the outwardmovement of anvil 32, the" casing 3B Vis'ilanged'` inwardly at 30. The thickness of said flange 33 therefore in addition to limiting outward'm'ovement of the anvil wi'lldetermine the size, shape, and height ofthe head 51t'o beformed at the 'shank end of the rivet.Y Obviously,'it wouldT bef a siniple matter,

andv it is intended, to replace vcasingjll by* another similarly formed casing' but havinga flange '3B' of a diiferent thickness and thereby effect formation of ahead on ajrivetjshank of:y anypredete'lmined size, shape and height.y cap ,cl'os`ure 3| may be knurled or otherwise roughened at A33 topermit a firm grip by the'us'ery andalso to effect more or less pressure or c'ompressiononthe coil spring 33, as desired, by simply turningthe cap. Y

The operation or manner of use of myl riveting tool can be deduced by an explanation of my method of riveting which isasfollows: A rivet, preferably almanuf'actured rivet, having a head alreadyfformed thereon isfin'serted through registered openings C and- 'Di in' loverlapped 5 or superimposed sheets or plates A and B. The user then grasps lrnv-riveting tool in one hand and holdsa riveting gun in the other hand and applies the end C or ends C thereof to the already formed head or heads 5 of said rivet or rivets. Then my riveting tool is held in rm engagement with the shank end of the rivet with the end of the casing l firmly in engagement with the sheet A and the striking face 4 of anvil 3 under spring pressure against the extreme outer end of the shank of the rivet or rivets, as the case may be and then by setting the riveting gun into operation the impact delivered by the riveting gun will cause the anvil 3 to rapidly reciprocate or rebound within the casing, in harmony with the said impact from said riveting gun, and the anvil will consequently deliver a series of regulated sharp forceful blows to the rivet, or a plurality of rivets as the case may be, and cause the shank end of the rivet or rivets to become upset or deformed and form into a head or heads 5 as shown, the said head or heads 5 having flat tops and rounded sides as shown at 5".

The sequence of steps of my riveting method recited herein may be transposed as desired to accomplish a particular and desired rivet joint, job, or operation. Broadly my method of riveting includes. I' the `steps ofV applying a conventional rivetinggunor similar impact delivering device tothe already formed head of a conventional rivet and applyingor holding aYspring-loadedV or similar resilient riveting tool against'the' shank end ofthe rivet, then start the operation of the riveting gun` therebyk transmitting the impact delivered by said riveting gun toI the said' springloaded riveting tool'v which results in rapid reciprocation of an anvil or the like carried by .said tool and; which delivers a series of sharp forceful regulated blows vto` a rivet orrivets which ye'ifec'ts an upsetting ordefo'rmation of the rshank endof the rivet or rivets thereby forming a head' or heads -andfallsu'chrivets so treated resulting in heads -formed thereon being of a uniform size', diameter, shape and height. f

v'Obviously my riveting tool when in use in'combination withk a conventional rivet gun or 'similar impact delivering device will result in a'rapid reciprocation of the anvil within the casing caused by transmission of impact from the riveting gun; and upon each inward movement ofthe `anvilthe Vsaid spring will be compressed and the motive force of saidspring will' cause the anvil to return and deliverl a series of sharp forceful regulated blows to the shank end of a rivet or rivets and thereby causing an: upsetting or deformation to form heads on the said shank ends of rivets and all of vwhich will be uniform in size, shapediamerter and height. I-have shown only the working end C of a rivet gun, it being understood that anyY standardzor conventional gun 'or similar impact delivering device may* and' can be used'. It ist'o be understood further that one or more'wo'rking ends C of' the' rivet gun can be 'used as'de'- sired, depending'upon the circumstances:

t My riveting tool is 'preferably construotedlen'- tirely of metal, butother materials may be used in? whole or inj part, if found desirable. vIn Figures 1-6, inclusive, I have shown: my tool as being square in-'cross-section anditis to be understood that other 'shapes-such as cylindrical, hexagonalyoctagonalorl any other shapes and exterior contours may be resorted to within the scope of'the'claims appended hereto. Y

:.What'is claimed is:

l. A riveting tool consisting of a hollow casing and rivet head forming means including a vstriking face and the latter being movable only within the connes of said casing 2. A riveting tool consisting of a hollow casing and spring-actuated rivet head forming means including a striking face and movable only within the connes of said casing.

3. A riveting tool consisting of a hollow casing and resiliently actuated rivet head forming means mounted for movement only within the confines of said casing, the said means eifecting formation of heads on a plurality of individual rivets all of which heads are of uniform size, shape and height.

4. A tool for forming heads on rivets, said tool consisting of a hollow casing open at one end and closed at its other end, an anvil rivet head forming means including a striking face mounted in said casing and adapted to reciprocate only within the confines of the casing therein, means constantly urging said anvil toward the said open end of said casing whereby upon delivery of impact to said anvil the latter will reciprocate and deliver sharp blows to and form heads on rivets.

5. A tool for forming heads on rivets, said tool consisting of a hollow casing adapted to be held in the hand of the user and being open at one end'thereof and closed at `its other end,"a1rela, tively heavy anvilrivet head former, including a striking face mounted'in said casinghand adapted to reciprocate only within the coniinessofsaid casing and providing a space therein at the closed end thereof, coil spring means mounted in said space in the casing and having one end thereof engaging the said anvil and its other end engaging the closed end of the casing,V said spring constantly urging the anvil toward Vthe-said open end of the casing whereby upon delivery ofi impact to said `anvil the latter will reciprocatesand'rebound to deliver sharp` forceful :blows to and form heads on rivet shanks. 1 p

6. A tool as described Vin Yand by claim `5 including means to limitthe movement of the anvil toward the open end of the casing-1 7. A tool described in and by iclaim 5 includin adjustable'meansto limit the movement ofthe anvil toward the open end of thecasing.

`8. A tool for forming heads on rivets, said tool consisting of a hollow polygonal casing having-pa polygonal interior and adapted to be held in the hand of the user and being open at ione end thereof and closed at its other end, a heavy anvil having a polygonall exterior ,contour complemental in shape to, mounted in, and adapted for reciprocation only within, the interior confines of said hollow casing and being of lesserdirnensions than said casing interior to provide a space'therein adjacent its closed end, a coil springmounted in said space with one endthereof engagingthe said anvil and its other-end engaging-the closed end of the casing, and the saidcoilspring constantly urging the anvil toward the vsaid open n end of the said casing whereby upon delivery of impact to said anvil Ithe latter will reciprocate and rebound to deliver sharp forceful-blowsv to and form heads on rivet Shanks; 1 f' 9. A tool as described in and by claimf8 including means to limit the movement of the anvil toward the open end of the casing. v

10. A tool as described in and by claim 8 including adjustable means to vlimit the movement .of the anvil toward the open end ofthe casing.

11. A tool as describedV inand V.by claim'8 including means to limit the movement of the anvil toward -the vopen end of thecas'ing, said means consisting of a set-screwin-threaded en'- gagement with and extending laterally through and into the casing and having a bushing on its inner end the latter operating in a rectangular recess in the anvil, the end wall of 4said recess constituting an abutment to limit the said movement of the anvil toward the open end of the casing. v I Y I 12. A tool as described in and by claim 8 includingr means vto limit the movement of the anvil toward the open end of the casing, said means consisting of a set-screw in threaded engagement with and extending laterally through and into the v`casing and having an eccentrically disposedextension at its inner end, abushing mounted concentrically on the said eccentric extension, and the anvil havinga rectangular recessin one face thereof in direct alignmentwith the set-screw and bushing and the latter and its eccentric mounting being disposed within said recess, the end wall of which constitutes an abutment for the bushing to thereby limit the movement of the anvil toward the open end ofthe casing. v

13. A tool as described .in and by claim 5 wherein the open end of the casing isl flanged inwardly at substantially right angles to the casing and constitutes means tolimit the movement of the anvil toward said open end of the casing.

14. A riveting tool consisting of Va hollow casing, adapted to be held in the hand of the user, and rivet head forming means including a striking face, and the latter being movable only within the connes of said casing. 1 Y

15. A riveting tool as described in andby claim 14 wherein the diameter of the striking face is such that heads all of-substantially the same size, shape and height,.will be formed simultaneously on a .plurality of rivets. i n

16. A rivet tool consisting of a hollow casing, adapted to be held in the hand of the user, and spring-actuated rivet head forming means including a striking face and movable only within the connes of said casing.

17. A riveting tool as described in and by claim 16 wherein the diameter of'the striking face is such that heads all of substantially the same size, shape and height, will be formed simultaneously on a plurality of rivets. f

MAX GOLDSTEIN.

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