US2316203A - Strain responsive apparatus - Google Patents

Strain responsive apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2316203A
US2316203A US449297A US44929742A US2316203A US 2316203 A US2316203 A US 2316203A US 449297 A US449297 A US 449297A US 44929742 A US44929742 A US 44929742A US 2316203 A US2316203 A US 2316203A
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Prior art keywords
filament
strain
responsive apparatus
strain responsive
dynamometer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US449297A
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Jr Edward E Simmons
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Individual
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Priority claimed from US320327A external-priority patent/US2292549A/en
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Priority to US449297A priority Critical patent/US2316203A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2287—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges constructional details of the strain gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S33/00—Geometrical instruments
    • Y10S33/13—Wire and strain gauges

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to strain responsive apparatus and more particularly to an improved dynamometer.
  • This application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 320,327, filed February 23, 1940, now Patent No. 2,292,549, issued Aug. 11, 1942.
  • dynamometer as used herein broadly refers to the combination of a member to which a force is applied and means responsive to the strain imposed in said member as a result of the applied force.
  • My improved dynamometer consists of a cotton insulated strand or filament l of continuous solid electrical conducting material cemented throughout its effective length to a flat piece of flexible steel 2.
  • This device may be calibrated by bending the flexible steel with a given force and notin the change in electrical resistance of the filament I, this change in resistance being in response to a given strain or deformation of the flexible piece ,2.
  • This flexible piece is preferably in the form of a cantilever anchored at its fixed end to a rigid member 3 while its outer end is free.
  • the filament is connected to any suitable measuring circuit such as a Wheatstone bridge to form one arm of the bridge thereby to measure the change of resistance of the filament in accordance with unbalance of the bridge caused by flexure of the cantilever.
  • the material of which the filament is made.
  • the dynamometer disclosed herein provides an extremely simple, direct, rugged and compact means for measuring the force applied to the cantilever beam and these qualities are combined with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy, freedom from hysteresis and ability to reproduce its results faithfully.
  • a bending element having a continuous solid filament of material whose electrical resistance varies in accordance with its strain bonded throughout its effective length to said element to produce a variable resistance upon bending of said element.
  • a dynamometer comprising a flexible cantilever member normally fixed at one end and adapted to have free movement at its other end, and a continuous solid filament of material whose electrical resistance varies in accordance with its strain bonded throughout its eflective length to asid member, whereby flexure of said member upon application of force to its free end varies the strain in said member and accordingly changes the electrical resistance of said filament.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Description

April E. E. SIMMONS,IJR 2,316,203
STRAIN RESPONSIVE APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 25, 1940 INVENTQR EDWARD ESFMMOIEfi JR.
ATTQRN EY Patented Apr. 13, 1943 STRAIN RESPONSIVE APPARATUS Edward E. Simmons, In, Pasadena, Calif.
Original application February 23, 1940, Serial No.
320,327, now Patent No. 2,292,549, dated August 11, 1942.
Divided and this application July 1, 1942, Serial No. 449,297
} 3 Claims. This invention relates generally to strain responsive apparatus and more particularly to an improved dynamometer. This application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 320,327, filed February 23, 1940, now Patent No. 2,292,549, issued Aug. 11, 1942.
It is an object of my invention to provide an improved dynamometer that is relatively simple and economical in construction, operation and maintenance as well as being compact and rugged combined with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy and reliability. The term dynamometer as used herein broadly refers to the combination of a member to which a force is applied and means responsive to the strain imposed in said member as a result of the applied force.
Other objects and advantages will be more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the accompanying drawing which is a side elevation of my improved dynamometer.
My improved dynamometer consists of a cotton insulated strand or filament l of continuous solid electrical conducting material cemented throughout its effective length to a flat piece of flexible steel 2. This device may be calibrated by bending the flexible steel with a given force and notin the change in electrical resistance of the filament I, this change in resistance being in response to a given strain or deformation of the flexible piece ,2. This flexible piece is preferably in the form of a cantilever anchored at its fixed end to a rigid member 3 while its outer end is free. The filament is connected to any suitable measuring circuit such as a Wheatstone bridge to form one arm of the bridge thereby to measure the change of resistance of the filament in accordance with unbalance of the bridge caused by flexure of the cantilever. The material of which the filament is made. its diameter and the cementing or bonding mtaerial are all described in my said copending original application, as well as the probable theory on which the filament operates under the influence of being firmly bonded throughout its 7 effective length. Therefore, it is not deemed necessary to describe such materials or characteristics in this present application. All other characteristics and qualities incident to the present invention and described in said copending application are likewise to be considered as embodied in my present disclosure.
From the foregoing disclosure, it is seen that the dynamometer disclosed herein provides an extremely simple, direct, rugged and compact means for measuring the force applied to the cantilever beam and these qualities are combined with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy, freedom from hysteresis and ability to reproduce its results faithfully.
It will of course be understood that various changes in details of construction and arrangement of parts may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A bending element having a continuous solid filament of material whose electrical resistance varies in accordance with its strain bonded throughout its effective length to said element to produce a variable resistance upon bending of said element.
2. A dynamometer comprising a flexible cantilever member normally fixed at one end and adapted to have free movement at its other end, and a continuous solid filament of material whose electrical resistance varies in accordance with its strain bonded throughout its eflective length to asid member, whereby flexure of said member upon application of force to its free end varies the strain in said member and accordingly changes the electrical resistance of said filament.
3. The combination set forth in claim 2 further characterized in that said filament i's'bonded throughout its effective length to the surface of said member in a direction lengthwise thereof.
EDWARD E. SIMZMONS, J I.
US449297A 1940-02-23 1942-07-01 Strain responsive apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2316203A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US449297A US2316203A (en) 1940-02-23 1942-07-01 Strain responsive apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US320327A US2292549A (en) 1940-02-23 1940-02-23 Material testing apparatus
US449297A US2316203A (en) 1940-02-23 1942-07-01 Strain responsive apparatus

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US2316203A true US2316203A (en) 1943-04-13

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2442938A (en) * 1945-09-13 1948-06-08 Baldwin Locomotive Works Fluid pressure responsive apparatus
US2487681A (en) * 1945-10-18 1949-11-08 Weisselberg Arnold Electrical gauging device
US2511664A (en) * 1944-11-28 1950-06-13 Gen Electric Phonograph pickup
US2539892A (en) * 1947-05-14 1951-01-30 Foxboro Co Pressure measuring device
US2581264A (en) * 1945-08-01 1952-01-01 Brown & Sharpe Mfg Gauge
US2713209A (en) * 1953-08-24 1955-07-19 Clemson Agricultural College Lap thickness meters
US2813709A (en) * 1954-01-06 1957-11-19 Ohio Commw Eng Co Strain gauge load indicator
US2837619A (en) * 1954-08-30 1958-06-03 Stein Samuel Strain sensitive element and method of manufacture
DE969540C (en) * 1952-12-19 1958-06-12 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Method and device for measuring vibrations
US2911823A (en) * 1954-11-02 1959-11-10 Celanese Corp Tensiometer
US4232265A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-11-04 Smirnov Vladimir A Device for measuring intensity of magnetic or electromagnetic fields using strain gauges mounted on ferromagnetic plates
US4873123A (en) * 1986-10-06 1989-10-10 International Business Machines Corporation Flexible electrical connection and method of making same
US20110005090A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2011-01-13 Lee Fred S Displacement sensing using a flexible substrate

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2511664A (en) * 1944-11-28 1950-06-13 Gen Electric Phonograph pickup
US2581264A (en) * 1945-08-01 1952-01-01 Brown & Sharpe Mfg Gauge
US2442938A (en) * 1945-09-13 1948-06-08 Baldwin Locomotive Works Fluid pressure responsive apparatus
US2487681A (en) * 1945-10-18 1949-11-08 Weisselberg Arnold Electrical gauging device
US2539892A (en) * 1947-05-14 1951-01-30 Foxboro Co Pressure measuring device
DE969540C (en) * 1952-12-19 1958-06-12 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Method and device for measuring vibrations
US2713209A (en) * 1953-08-24 1955-07-19 Clemson Agricultural College Lap thickness meters
US2813709A (en) * 1954-01-06 1957-11-19 Ohio Commw Eng Co Strain gauge load indicator
US2837619A (en) * 1954-08-30 1958-06-03 Stein Samuel Strain sensitive element and method of manufacture
US2911823A (en) * 1954-11-02 1959-11-10 Celanese Corp Tensiometer
US4232265A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-11-04 Smirnov Vladimir A Device for measuring intensity of magnetic or electromagnetic fields using strain gauges mounted on ferromagnetic plates
US4873123A (en) * 1986-10-06 1989-10-10 International Business Machines Corporation Flexible electrical connection and method of making same
US20110005090A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2011-01-13 Lee Fred S Displacement sensing using a flexible substrate
US8256123B2 (en) * 2008-04-11 2012-09-04 Rambus Inc. Displacement sensing using a flexible substrate

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