US2276497A

US2276497A - Ultra high frequency antenna feedback balancer

Info

Publication number: US2276497A
Application number: US253723A
Authority: US
Inventors: Fred H Kroger
Original assignee: RCA Corp
Current assignee: RCA Corp
Priority date: 1939-01-31
Filing date: 1939-01-31
Publication date: 1942-03-17
Anticipated expiration: 1959-03-17

Description

March 17, 1942. F. H. KROGR 2,276,497

ULTRA HIGH:FREQUENCY ANTENNA FEEDBACK BALANCER Filed Jan. 3l, 1939 AMPLIFIER y INVENTOR.

{f/'7 KROGER BY AMJ/L.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 17, 1942 TAS Nr OFFICE ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY ANTENNA FEEDBACK BALANCER Fred H. Kroger, Rocky'loint, N. Y., assignor to Radio Corporation of Delaware of America, a corporation 13 Claims.

This invention relates to high frequency relay systems and, more particularly, to a means for enabling the relaying of an ultra high frequency radio signal without signal conversion.

In radio relaying by ultra high frequencies, it may be desirable to carry a radio signal along a chain of relay stations without resorting to frequency conversion. This may be done by receiving the incoming signal energy by an antenna on one supporting structure, amplifying and retransmitting the signal from another antenna at some distance from the first at each relay location. Such an arrangement properly designed will have a feedback level low enough to preclude oscillations due to the re-radiated energy finding its Way back into the receiving antenna. In a practical installation employing relay stations spaced 15 miles or more apart and having both receiving and transmitting antennas supported on the same tower at a convenient height above ground such as 100 feet, due to diffraction and re-radiation around the edges of the concentrating reectors and other effects, isolation of the output and input energies may generally not be obtained without additional provisions. For this reason, I propose to introduce means neutralizing the feedback energy by introducing an additional component of predetermined magnitude and phase so as to counteract the extraneous feedback otherwise encountered.

An object, therefore, of the present invention is to enable the reception, amplification and retransmission of a radio signal Without resorting to signal conversion.

A further object of the invention is to receive, amplify and re-transmit ultra high frequency radio signals without frequency conversion.

Still another object of the invention is to compensate for extraneous feedback between the transmitting and receiving antennas of an ultra high frequency relay station.

Still another object of the invention is to compensate for extraneous feedback between the transmitting and receiving antennas of an ultra high frequency relay station in which the signal frequency is not converted.

Still a further object of the present invention is to provide means for introducing and regulating the magnitude and phase of a component of feedback energy between the transmitting and receiving antennas of an ultra high frequency relay station whereby the otherwise unavoidable feedback is counteracted or neutralized.

Still a further object` of the present invention isrtointroduce a. component ofv feedback energy between the transmitting and receiving antennas of an ultra, high frequency relay station of such magnitude and phase that the-otherwise unavoidable feedback is counteracted or neutralized.

Referring, now, for a more complete understanding of the invention,'to the following de-` tailed description which is accompanied by a drawing in which Figure 1 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 shows an end view of a portion of my invention; Figure Sis an enlarged detailed View of a portion of Figure l and Figures 4 and 5 illustrate further modifications of my invention.

Referring, now, to Figure 1,`reference numerals l and 2V indicate the incoming and outgoing antennas. The two antennas are yidentical in construction as shown and consist of a metal reflecting surface in the shape of a cylindrical parabola with the end surfaces of metal, thus forming a box-like compartment or reflector within which is supported at the focus of the parabola the several dipole antennas which are shown in more detailin Figure 2. Connected to the receiving dipole antennas within reflector l isa concentric cable transmission line 3 which is connected to the input of a radio frequency amplifier 8. To the output of radio frequency amplifier 8 is connected a second concentric cable transmission line l which is in turn connected to the dipole antennas within reflector 2. The arriving signal, as indicated by the arrow A, is concentrated Within reflector I on the receiving dipole antennas and transmitted by means of concentric cable 3 to the amplifier 8. Thesignal is thereafter amplified and vsent out over transmission line l at the same frequency kat which it was received and transmitted'in direction B. The reflector 2` serves to concentrate the transmitted energy into aA beam in the general direction shown by arrow B. The reflectors Il and 2 may have their edges serrated as shown or the edges may be straight. The purpose of the serrations will be more fully described with reference to Figure 5. Between transmission lines 3 andv 4 is stantially identical in construction and it is be? lieved unnecessary to show end views of each reflector separately. Within the reector and at the focusof the parabola dipole-antennas l0- arel supported. The antennas are coupled by means of the multi-branch transmission line 23 to the transmission line 3 on the exterior of the reflector.

While the coupling means 23 in Figure 2 is shown as being in a vertical plane it is to be distinctly understood that this is shown only for the purposes of clarity and it may be revolved about into a horizontal plane back of the dipoles and in the axis of the parabola. As a matter of fact, if desired, the coupling arrangement may be located exteriorly of reflectors lor 2 thus leaving merely the dipoles l in the reflectors.

Referring, now, to Figure 3 which shows in enlarged detail the phase shifting and coupling means for the feedback arrangement of Figure 1, transmission line 3 is seen to be composed of an outer sheath 3 and a central conductor 33. Likewise, the transmission line 4 is composed of an outer sheath 4 and a central conductor 34.

Transmission line 5 contains an inner conductor -35 which passes through an aperture in the outer sheath of transmission line 3. The end of the conductor 35 nearest the conductor 33 carries a coupling conductor 3l. This coupling conductor is adjustable in position with respect to conductor 33 by means of slip joint 33 on conductor 35, or any other suitable means maybe employed. By means of this adjustable coupling arrangement the amount of energy fed back through transmission line 5 into feedback circuit may be adjusted. At the other end of the feedback circuit transmission line 6 is coupled to the central conductor 34 of transmission line 4 by means of a coupling conductor 38; A slip joint 40 carried by central conductor 36 of transmission line 6 is provided in order to vary the coupling between theconductor 34 and the Conductor 36. The phase shifter l in the feedback circuit is here shown in partial section and comprises a boxlike metallic shield 'H within which is located a trombone like slip joint connection between transmission lines 5 and 6. The ends of lines 5 and 6 are turned at right angles to run parallel to each other for a short distance within shield 7l. A U shaped sheath 4| having a central conductor 42 is provided to be slid up and down over the-ends of cables 5 and E thus effectively varying theA total length of the conductor between the transmission line 4 and transmission line 3.

Since the energy level in transmission line 4 is higher than the energy level in transmission line 3 due to the amplification in amplifier 8, energy passes from transmission line 5 through 'I to 5 and thence back to the receiving transmission line 3.' In operation, the following adjustments are necessary. The phase shifter 'l is adjusted by means of the slip joint arrangement shown in Figure 3 in order to give a minimum total resultant feedback which is a condition of the phase of the feedback energy through transmission lines 5 and 5 being 180 degrees out of phase with that fed back through external paths between refiectors l and 2. After this condition is attained the couplings between

conductors

34 and 38 and 31 and 33 are adjusted by sliding slip joints 39 and 43 to give an amplitude of feedback neutralizing energy sufficient to exactly counterbalance the random fed back energy through the external paths. With the apparatus so adjusted the assembly is entirely stable and no oscillation or singing will be experienced.

In Figure 4 I have shown a modiflcation of my invention which is somewhat simpler and, under some circumstances, may 4give satisfactory resuits. Normally, the energy received on the receiving antenna within reflector l due to leakage from the transmitting antenna Within reflector 2 will have a random phase with respect to the output of amplifier 8. Therefore, by inserting a phase shifter 1 in the transmission line 4 the phase of the output 8 with respect to the phase of the received energy on the antenna within reflector I may be adjusted so as to cause the feedback to be regenerative or degenerative as dev sired. By causing the feedback to be slightly degenerative the amplifier 8 may be made stable. Construction of the phase shifter shown in Figure 4 may be exactly as shown in Figure 3.

In Figure 5 I have shown a means for reducing the feedback from the transmitting to the receiving antenna for a broad frequency band which in simple cases may be sufhcient of itself to make the system stable. Experience has shown that the feedback encountered is greatly a function of frequency. With the usual situation of elevated antennas in open spaces the minor part of feedback is due to double reflection from objects nearby and the major part is due to radiation from the edges of the reflectors. The effectiveness of this radiation is dependent both upon the length of the periphery of the reflector, the orientation of the edges and the distance between the reflectors. As shown, by increasing the length of the edges of the reflector boxes from the normal by serratng them, the feedback due to radiation from the edges of the reflector box is reduced. In some cases it is not necessary to serrate the entire periphery of the reflector boxes but only a single cut in the edges may be necessary.

As .a summary, it may be indicated that the possible sources of feedback energy and ultra short wave relay stations is, in general, limited to three main sources-(a) leakage directly from one antenna to the other; (b) re-radiation from the edges of the reflector and any adjacent metal parts, and (c) radiation by several reflections from objects in the vicinity of the supporting structure. Exhaustive tests indicate that the major part-of the feedback energy is due to source above (b). Simply by soldering all the joints in the .structure the feedback energy due to cause (a) above can be reduced to a negligible value. The distance of the adjacent objects from the antennas attenuates the energy reflected therefrom so as to normally cause it to be of only the second order of magnitude.

Ordinarily, the form of my invention shown in Figure l provides neutralization of feedback which is completely stable and applies to all types of communication where the feedback is of the type outlined in (b) above.

The form of my invention shown in Figure 4 is, perhaps, somewhat simpler and is just as effective Where the feedback is a small fraction of the incoming signal, in which case it should be chosen for its simplicity.

While'I have particularly shown and described several embodiments of my invention, it is to be clearly understood that my invention is not limited thereto but modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.`

I claim:

K l. A high frequency relay system comprising a receiving antenna, a reflector for concentrating received signals on said antenna, an amplifier having an input and an output, a first transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting said receiving antenna to vsaid input, a transmitting antenna, a reector for concentrating energy radiated from said transmission line into a beam, a second trans- 2. A high frequency relay system comprising av pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector,

an ampliiier having an input and an output, a iirst transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reilectors to said input, a second transmission line having an outer sheath andan inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, an auxiliary electrode within each of said transmission lines in adjustable relationship to said inner conductors and an auxiliary transmission line connecting said auxiliary electrodes and means in said auxiliary transmission line for varying the eiective length of said line whereby a small amount of energy of predetermined phase and amplitude is introduced into said rst transmission line from said second transmission line.

3. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector, an amplifier having an input and an output, a rst transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reflectors to said input, a second transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, an auxiliary electrode Within each of said transmission lines in adjustable relationship to said inner conductors and auxiliary transmission line connecting said auxiliary electrodes, means for adjusting the length of said auxiliary transmission line whereby a small amount of energy of predetermined phase and amplitude is introduced into said iirst transmission line from said second transmission line, the

edges of at least one of said reflectors being so formed that mutual coupling between the edges of the reiiectors is reduced.

4. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector, an amplifier having an input and an output, a first transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reflectors to said input, a second transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, an auxiliary electrode Within each of said transmission lines in adjustable relationship to said inner conductors and an auxiliary transmission line connecting said auxiliary electrodes, means in said auxiliary transmission line for varying the effective length of said line whereby a small amount of energy of predetermined phase and amplitude is introduced into said iirst transmission line from said second Vtransmission line, the edges of each `of said reflectors being so formed 'that mutual coupling between the edges of the reflectors is reduced.

5. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector, an amplifier having an input and an output, a first transmission line connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reiiectors to said input, a second transmission line connecting the dipole antennas in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplier, the edges of each of said reflectors being serrated whereby the effective length of the periphery of each of said reflectors is increased.

6. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector,

an ampliiier having an input and an output, a

iirst transmission line connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reflectors to said input, a second transmission line connecting the dipole antennas in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, an auxiliary transmission line connecting said rst and second transmission lines whereby a small amount of energy.

of predetermined phase and amplitude is introduced into said first transmission line from said second transmission line, the edges of veach of said reflectors being serrated whereby fthe effective length of the periphery of each of said reflectors is varied.

'7. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector, an amplier having an input and an output, a first transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reflectors to said input, a second transmission line having an' outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in the other of saiclreflectors to the output of said amplier, an auxiliary electrode within each of said transmission lines in adjustable relationship to said inner conductors and an auxiliary transmission line connecting said auxiliary electrodes, means for adjusting the length of said auxiliary transmission line whereby a small amount of energy of predetermined phase and amplitude is introduced into said first transmission line from said second transmission line, the edges of each of said reflectors being serrated whereby the effective length of the periphery of each of said reiiectors is increased.

8. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, a plurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector, an amplier having an input and an output, a iirst transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reectors to said input, a second transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in the other of said reectors to the output of said amplier, an auxiliary elecsaidsecond transmission line, the edges of `each of said reflectors being serrated whereby the effectivel'length of the periphery of each of said reflectors is increased.

9. A high frequency relay system comprising a .pair of cylindrical parabolic reflectors, .a Aplurality of dipole antennas in the focus of each reflector, an amplifier having an input Yand an output, a first transmission line having an outer sheath and an inner conductor connecting the dipole antennas in one of said reflectors tosaid input, a second transmission .line having an outer sheath and .an inner conductor connecting the .dipole antennas .in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, an auxiliary electrode Within each of said transmission lines in adjustable relationship to said inner conductors and an auxiliary transmission line connecting said :auxiliary electrodes, means for adjusting the length :of said auxiliary transmission line whereby va small amount of energy of predetermined phase and amplitude is introduced into said first transmission line from said second transmission line.

10. A relay system comprising a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna each including wave directive structure, said antennas being directed in different directions, amplifying means having an input coupled to said receiving antenna and an output coupled to said transmitting antenna, the edges of said wave directive structure being serrated whereby the peripheral length thereof isincreased.

11. A relay system-comprisinga receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna each including Wave directive structure, said antennas being Ydirectedin different directions, amplifying means having an input coupled to said receiving antenna and an output coupled to said transmitting antenna, the edges of at least one of said wave directive structures beingserrated whereby theperipheral length thereof is increased.

12.v A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of parabolic reflectors, an antenna inthe focus of each reflector, an amplifier having an input and an output, a first transmission line connecting the antenna in one of said reflectors to said input, a second transmission line connecting the antenna in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, the edges of each of said reflectors being serrated whereby the eiective length of the periphery of each of said reflectors is increased.

13. A high frequency relay system comprising a pair of parabolic reflectors, an antenna in the focus of each reflector, an amplifier having an input and an output, a first transmission line connecting the antenna in one of said reflectors to said input, a second transmission line connecting the antenna in the other of said reflectors to the output of said amplifier, the edges of at least one of said reflectors being serrated whereby the effective length of the periphery thereof is increased.

FRED H. KROGER.