US2242350A - Continuous casting of metal shapes - Google Patents
Continuous casting of metal shapes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2242350A US2242350A US233655A US23365538A US2242350A US 2242350 A US2242350 A US 2242350A US 233655 A US233655 A US 233655A US 23365538 A US23365538 A US 23365538A US 2242350 A US2242350 A US 2242350A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- mold
- heat
- casting
- superheat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 49
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
Definitions
- This invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, where fluid metal is supplied to one end of an open ended mold, progressively chilled therein, and withdrawn from the opposite end of the mold as a congealed shape.
- the main object of the present invention is to so control the removal of superheat from the fluid metal as it advances in the mold, that a constant supply of metal substantially free of superheat shall be presented to the zone in the mold where. latent heat is developed and removed, thus causing the metal to freeze continuously under maintained conditions of heat removal.
- Another object is to control the rate of superheat removal in point of time, so that for any predetermined speed of travel of the metal in the mold, the superheat only shall be dissipated from the metal in advance of the maintained freezing zone.
- the freezing characteristics of different metals and metal mixtures vary greatly and generally speaking the quantity of superheat is small as compared with the latent heat to be removed in the casting operation.
- the fluid metal in the mold must, therefore, be prepared to freeze by very slow chilling or removal of its superheat, or when such superheat .is dissipated further heat loss must be prevented until it progresses to the freezing zone where heat removal must proceed at a high rate, depending upon the rate of casting maintained.
- the present invention includes regulating and restricting the outward flow of superheat from the fluid metal, by means of a. novel heat-flow valve arrangement.
- This consists of hea ing means interposed between the mold member and any natural or suitably disposed fixed temperature outer heat dissipating terminal.
- This heating means is regulated to supply all or any desired part of the normal radiation loss from the mold containing the liquid metal.
- the heating means is preferably an electric heater; and this, when controlled thermostatically, or otherwise supplied with current input to balance and regulate radiation loss from the mold for any set of established conditions of temperature and quantity of metal supply, provides an exceedingly close regulation and permits of casting speeds not here. tofore possible in draw casting, having regard for the quality of the metal cast.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic axial sectional view of a mold with an electrical resistance, suitable for casting copper, aluminum and their alloys;
- Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a mold arrangement for highermelting metals and metal mixtures.
- metals whose melting points are at least substantially equal to the melting point of aluminum are designated as high-melting-point metals.
- Fig. 1 shows a :mold i of graphite, or other refractory, suitable for the metal to be cast.
- This has a chrome steel casing 2 surrounding the mold as a protection against possible breaking of the mold, and to otherwise protect and sustain it.
- This is surrounded by the usual heat insulating material 3, in outer shell 4.
- a heating element 5 is located in the intervening cylindrical space.
- thermocouple 6 operates through well known control means to regulate the current input to the heating element 5, thus maintaining the temperature surrounding the mold at a constant level; and, with a sufilciently long die, this temperature may be at the melting point of the metal to be cast.
- Chilling means forfreezing the metal may be a cooling chamber 1 with inlet 8 and outlet 9 for the flow of any desired chilling fluid.
- the chilling means I is insulated from the lower end of mold I by a plate ill of cement-asbestos material, preferably transite. II indicates the formed casting, and iii a pair of pull-out rolls therefor.
- mold I by pouring metal into mold I, or it may be directly connected to a furnace chamber containing a re. serve of metal.
- the axis of the mold may be ver. tical, horizontal, or at any desired inclination.
- the freezing will take place well in advance of the chilling member 'I and the casting, if of a suitable metal or metal mixture, will be comprised of long macro crystals orientated longitudinally of the casting. with a short die the crystallization will proceed necessarily in a more or less radial direction.
- Fig. 2 is another mold arrangement wherein the mold in is surrounded with a suitable heat insulation 2a which in turn is surrounded by electrical insulation 3a,
- a water cooled coll la serves the dual purpose of a conductor for a high frequency electrical current which maintains the mold wall or the metal therein at the desired temperature by induced current therein; and likewise serves as a fixed temperature outer terminal for accumulating and dissipating heat.
- 5a illustrates the 15811- ing casting cooled by any suitable means, a water spray in being here shown as a means readily adapted to a horizontal die arrangement of the mold.
- a pair of pull-out rolls la, la advance I the casting and fluid metal in the mold.
- superheat and latent heat are used herein in their broad accepted sense.
- Superheat as used signifies the heat content of any metal or metal mixture contained to raise its temperature after it is completely molten and latent heat is that heat evolved by the metal congealing during its change in state from liquid to solid.
- I claim: 1. A method of regulating the rate of chilling of a body of molten hlgh-melting-point metal in motion in a mold which is in outward heat flow relation with a lower-temperature heat-dissipating terminal, which method includes interposing heat in the path of said normal outward flow of heat from the metal, and regulating the ready for solidifying substantially without change of temperature.
Description
May 20, 194.1
B. E. ELDRED CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL SHAPES Filed Oct. 6, 193a INVENTOR Byron Z. Eldred M aw TTORNEY Patented May 20, 1941 CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL SHAPES Byron E. Eldred, Scarsdale, N. Y., assignor to Continuous Casting Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application October 6, 1938, Serial No. 233,655
3 Claims.
This invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, where fluid metal is supplied to one end of an open ended mold, progressively chilled therein, and withdrawn from the opposite end of the mold as a congealed shape.
The present application is a continuation in part of my co-pending application Ser. No. 46,884, filed October 26, 1935, which describes the method of casting in an open ended mold wherein the fluid metal as it is advanced through the mold, is caused to progressivly lose substantially all of its superheat and then its latent heat in separate paths of heat flow.
-Meta1 will not freeze until its superheat has been dissipated; and the main object of the present invention is to so control the removal of superheat from the fluid metal as it advances in the mold, that a constant supply of metal substantially free of superheat shall be presented to the zone in the mold where. latent heat is developed and removed, thus causing the metal to freeze continuously under maintained conditions of heat removal.
Another object is to control the rate of superheat removal in point of time, so that for any predetermined speed of travel of the metal in the mold, the superheat only shall be dissipated from the metal in advance of the maintained freezing zone.
The freezing characteristics of different metals and metal mixtures vary greatly and generally speaking the quantity of superheat is small as compared with the latent heat to be removed in the casting operation.
For example, in the case of the single metal copper, 40 F. superheat represents roughly 4 B. t. 1.1. per pound to be removed to prepare the metal to freeze, whereas the latent heat for freezing represents 90 B. t. u. The problem thus presented is the progressive removal of but 4 B, t. u.s in advance of the freezing zone, while 90 B. t. u.s are being removed, in timed relationship, from a like quantity of metal, to maintain continuous freezing.
The fluid metal in the mold must, therefore, be prepared to freeze by very slow chilling or removal of its superheat, or when such superheat .is dissipated further heat loss must be prevented until it progresses to the freezing zone where heat removal must proceed at a high rate, depending upon the rate of casting maintained.
The present invention includes regulating and restricting the outward flow of superheat from the fluid metal, by means of a. novel heat-flow valve arrangement. This consists of hea ing means interposed between the mold member and any natural or suitably disposed fixed temperature outer heat dissipating terminal. This heating means is regulated to supply all or any desired part of the normal radiation loss from the mold containing the liquid metal. The heating means is preferably an electric heater; and this, when controlled thermostatically, or otherwise supplied with current input to balance and regulate radiation loss from the mold for any set of established conditions of temperature and quantity of metal supply, provides an exceedingly close regulation and permits of casting speeds not here. tofore possible in draw casting, having regard for the quality of the metal cast.
Referring to the drawing:
Fig. 1 is a schematic axial sectional view of a mold with an electrical resistance, suitable for casting copper, aluminum and their alloys;
Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a mold arrangement for highermelting metals and metal mixtures.
For the purposes of the claims, metals whose melting points are at least substantially equal to the melting point of aluminum are designated as high-melting-point metals.
Fig. 1 shows a :mold i of graphite, or other refractory, suitable for the metal to be cast. This has a chrome steel casing 2 surrounding the mold as a protection against possible breaking of the mold, and to otherwise protect and sustain it. This is surrounded by the usual heat insulating material 3, in outer shell 4. A heating element 5 is located in the intervening cylindrical space.
A thermocouple 6 operates through well known control means to regulate the current input to the heating element 5, thus maintaining the temperature surrounding the mold at a constant level; and, with a sufilciently long die, this temperature may be at the melting point of the metal to be cast. Thus the natural radiation from the mold to the air which surrounds insulating shell 3, is accurately controlled; Chilling means forfreezing the metal, may be a cooling chamber 1 with inlet 8 and outlet 9 for the flow of any desired chilling fluid. The chilling means I is insulated from the lower end of mold I by a plate ill of cement-asbestos material, preferably transite. II indicates the formed casting, and iii a pair of pull-out rolls therefor.
The above arrangement may be used as shown,
' by pouring metal into mold I, or it may be directly connected to a furnace chamber containing a re. serve of metal. The axis of the mold may be ver. tical, horizontal, or at any desired inclination.
An arbitrary boundary line between fluid and solid metal is shown at I3;' but this freezing zone will vary in position according to speed of withdrawal of the casting. It should be borne in mind that the speed of withdrawal provides for superheat entering the mold by convection, and likewise for the removal of heat by convection, at the opposite end of the mold.
With suitably maintained conditions, and a suiiicien-tly long mold, the freezing will take place well in advance of the chilling member 'I and the casting, if of a suitable metal or metal mixture, will be comprised of long macro crystals orientated longitudinally of the casting. with a short die the crystallization will proceed necessarily in a more or less radial direction.
Fig. 2 is another mold arrangement wherein the mold in is surrounded with a suitable heat insulation 2a which in turn is surrounded by electrical insulation 3a, A water cooled coll la serves the dual purpose of a conductor for a high frequency electrical current which maintains the mold wall or the metal therein at the desired temperature by induced current therein; and likewise serves as a fixed temperature outer terminal for accumulating and dissipating heat.
from within its confines. 5a illustrates the 15811- ing casting cooled by any suitable means, a water spray in being here shown as a means readily adapted to a horizontal die arrangement of the mold. A pair of pull-out rolls la, la advance I the casting and fluid metal in the mold.
The terms superheat and latent heat are used herein in their broad accepted sense. Superheat as used signifies the heat content of any metal or metal mixture contained to raise its temperature after it is completely molten and latent heat is that heat evolved by the metal congealing during its change in state from liquid to solid.
I claim: 1. A method of regulating the rate of chilling of a body of molten hlgh-melting-point metal in motion in a mold which is in outward heat flow relation with a lower-temperature heat-dissipating terminal, which method includes interposing heat in the path of said normal outward flow of heat from the metal, and regulating the ready for solidifying substantially without change of temperature.
2. A method of continuously casting a body of high-melting-point metal in a heat-conducting mold which has an inlet end and an outlet end,
which includes advancing said high-meitlngpoint metal in said mold towards said outlet end I while said metal is in molten condition, diminishing the outflow of heat from said mold and from said metal therein to a lower-temperature heat-dissipating zone which is outwardly spaced from said mold so that said outflow of heat is less than the outflow of heat through the atmosphere, also supplying heat in the path of said outflow of heat from said metal in the mold to said outwardly spaced heat-dissipating zone, and regulating the amount of such interposed supplied heat so as to maintain a desired length of said molten metal at or close to the congealing temperature.
" 3. In the art of continuously casting highmelting-point metal in a heat-conducting mold which has an inlet end and an outlet end and while congealing the metal before it leaves the outlet end of said mold in a congealing zone which is adjacent said outlet end, those steps which consist in advancing superheated and molten high-melting-point metal in said mold towards said outlet end, dissipating the superheat of said superheated molten metal through the wall of said mold, controlling the rate of heat removal of said superheat by supplying regulated heat in the path of flow of heat of said super-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US233655A US2242350A (en) | 1938-10-06 | 1938-10-06 | Continuous casting of metal shapes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US233655A US2242350A (en) | 1938-10-06 | 1938-10-06 | Continuous casting of metal shapes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2242350A true US2242350A (en) | 1941-05-20 |
Family
ID=22878148
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US233655A Expired - Lifetime US2242350A (en) | 1938-10-06 | 1938-10-06 | Continuous casting of metal shapes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2242350A (en) |
Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2565959A (en) * | 1949-10-04 | 1951-08-28 | Charles B Francis | Method of casting metal continuously |
| US2569150A (en) * | 1948-05-07 | 1951-09-25 | Joseph B Brennan | Casting method and apparatus |
| US2671936A (en) * | 1950-06-12 | 1954-03-16 | Gen Motors Corp | Die casting machine |
| US2672665A (en) * | 1950-03-13 | 1954-03-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Casting metal |
| US2715252A (en) * | 1951-06-21 | 1955-08-16 | Clevite Corp | Continuous casting apparatus for aluminum onto metallic strip material |
| US2740177A (en) * | 1953-07-21 | 1956-04-03 | American Smelting Refining | Continuous metal casting process |
| US2772459A (en) * | 1950-07-21 | 1956-12-04 | Wieland Werke Ag | Continuous casting of metals |
| US2772454A (en) * | 1949-06-04 | 1956-12-04 | Joseph B Brennan | Apparatus for casting |
| US2779073A (en) * | 1952-10-27 | 1957-01-29 | Jr Harry B Osborn | Receptacle for molten metal |
| US2838814A (en) * | 1956-01-19 | 1958-06-17 | Joseph B Brennan | Method and apparatus for casting |
| US2861302A (en) * | 1955-09-09 | 1958-11-25 | Ver Leichtmetallwerke Gmbh | Apparatus for continuous casting |
| US2877525A (en) * | 1953-08-27 | 1959-03-17 | Schaaber Otto | Casting process |
| US2931082A (en) * | 1956-09-06 | 1960-04-05 | Joseph B Brennan | Casting method and apparatus |
| US2955334A (en) * | 1959-08-31 | 1960-10-11 | Olin Mathieson | Continuous casting |
| US2956320A (en) * | 1955-12-28 | 1960-10-18 | Olin Mathieson | Casting of metal |
| US3085303A (en) * | 1959-12-02 | 1963-04-16 | Steigerwald Karl Heinz | Method and means for continuous casting employing compartmented molds |
| US3124855A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Baier | ||
| US3164496A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1965-01-05 | Gen Electric | Magnetic material and method of fabrication |
| US3212142A (en) * | 1962-02-15 | 1965-10-19 | Reynolds Metals Co | Continuous casting system |
| US3249425A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1966-05-03 | Joseph R Mares | Process for freeze-refining a metal |
| US3321007A (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1967-05-23 | Southwire Co | Method of cooling continuous cast metal in the mold |
| US3343593A (en) * | 1964-12-29 | 1967-09-26 | Electro Refractaire | Process and apparatus for melting and solidifying continuously refractory materials |
| US3429365A (en) * | 1964-12-28 | 1969-02-25 | Mannesmann Ag | Continuous slab casting mold |
| US3509937A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1970-05-05 | Continental Oil Co | Continuous horizontal casting |
| US3874438A (en) * | 1971-08-30 | 1975-04-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Apparatus for the continuous casting or drawing of an extrusion body through a coolant body |
| US3985177A (en) * | 1968-12-31 | 1976-10-12 | Buehler William J | Method for continuously casting wire or the like |
| FR2537897A1 (en) * | 1982-12-15 | 1984-06-22 | Nippon Light Metal Co | CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL |
-
1938
- 1938-10-06 US US233655A patent/US2242350A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3124855A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Baier | ||
| US2569150A (en) * | 1948-05-07 | 1951-09-25 | Joseph B Brennan | Casting method and apparatus |
| US2772454A (en) * | 1949-06-04 | 1956-12-04 | Joseph B Brennan | Apparatus for casting |
| US2565959A (en) * | 1949-10-04 | 1951-08-28 | Charles B Francis | Method of casting metal continuously |
| US2672665A (en) * | 1950-03-13 | 1954-03-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Casting metal |
| US2671936A (en) * | 1950-06-12 | 1954-03-16 | Gen Motors Corp | Die casting machine |
| US2772459A (en) * | 1950-07-21 | 1956-12-04 | Wieland Werke Ag | Continuous casting of metals |
| US2715252A (en) * | 1951-06-21 | 1955-08-16 | Clevite Corp | Continuous casting apparatus for aluminum onto metallic strip material |
| US2779073A (en) * | 1952-10-27 | 1957-01-29 | Jr Harry B Osborn | Receptacle for molten metal |
| US2740177A (en) * | 1953-07-21 | 1956-04-03 | American Smelting Refining | Continuous metal casting process |
| US2877525A (en) * | 1953-08-27 | 1959-03-17 | Schaaber Otto | Casting process |
| US2861302A (en) * | 1955-09-09 | 1958-11-25 | Ver Leichtmetallwerke Gmbh | Apparatus for continuous casting |
| US2956320A (en) * | 1955-12-28 | 1960-10-18 | Olin Mathieson | Casting of metal |
| US2838814A (en) * | 1956-01-19 | 1958-06-17 | Joseph B Brennan | Method and apparatus for casting |
| US2931082A (en) * | 1956-09-06 | 1960-04-05 | Joseph B Brennan | Casting method and apparatus |
| US3164496A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1965-01-05 | Gen Electric | Magnetic material and method of fabrication |
| US2955334A (en) * | 1959-08-31 | 1960-10-11 | Olin Mathieson | Continuous casting |
| US3085303A (en) * | 1959-12-02 | 1963-04-16 | Steigerwald Karl Heinz | Method and means for continuous casting employing compartmented molds |
| US3212142A (en) * | 1962-02-15 | 1965-10-19 | Reynolds Metals Co | Continuous casting system |
| US3249425A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1966-05-03 | Joseph R Mares | Process for freeze-refining a metal |
| US3429365A (en) * | 1964-12-28 | 1969-02-25 | Mannesmann Ag | Continuous slab casting mold |
| US3343593A (en) * | 1964-12-29 | 1967-09-26 | Electro Refractaire | Process and apparatus for melting and solidifying continuously refractory materials |
| US3321007A (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1967-05-23 | Southwire Co | Method of cooling continuous cast metal in the mold |
| US3509937A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1970-05-05 | Continental Oil Co | Continuous horizontal casting |
| US3985177A (en) * | 1968-12-31 | 1976-10-12 | Buehler William J | Method for continuously casting wire or the like |
| US3874438A (en) * | 1971-08-30 | 1975-04-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Apparatus for the continuous casting or drawing of an extrusion body through a coolant body |
| FR2537897A1 (en) * | 1982-12-15 | 1984-06-22 | Nippon Light Metal Co | CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL |
| NL8204844A (en) * | 1982-12-15 | 1984-07-02 | Nippon Light Metal Co | CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS. |
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