US2207720A - Communication system - Google Patents

Description

1 com-z- ET AL 2,207,720 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed July 19. 1958 l 7 sheets-sheet 1 July 16, 1940.'

July 16, 19405 l. COLE Er A1. 2,207,720

' COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed July 19, `19758 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 PMENT MOTOR. Il

PERFOPATOR E. COLE MEL/1055 /NVENTOPS 5A July 16, 1940. l. E. COLE Er Al.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed July 19, 1958 4ff sheets-sheet s ATTORNEY July 16, 194(3- .l l. E. COLE ET A1. 2,207,720

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed July 19, 1938 7 'sneets sneet 4 VMIHI' HIIIIl-Ir I K WU int-.COLE

July 16, 1940. n. E. COLE ET AL.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed July 19, 41958 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 A5.com /NVENTORS Alim-H055 ATTORNEY July 16, 1940- 1. E. COLE ET' A1. 2,207,720

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed July 19, 193s 7 sheets-sheet e July 16, 1940 l. E. COLE ET AL COMMUNI CATION SY STEM Filed July 19. 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 ms Q5 E. COLE N VEN TOPS A. MEL/1055 ATTORNEY V Patented July 16, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE .COMUNICATION SYSTEM Application July 19, 1938, Serial No. 219,964

10 Claims.

'I'his invention relates to communication systems and particularly to combined telephone and telegraph systems in which the telegraph signals are interpolated in a telephone conversation.

Where long and highly expensive communication channels are employed, it becomes economically desirable to use these facilities up to f'ull capacity. Heretofore, systems for interpolating telegraph signals in telephone conversations have lo been devised which, under voice-operated device control, took advantage of every lull and pause in the conversation even down to fractional parts of a second for carrying on ,telegraph transmission so that the channel was used practically one l hundred per cent of the time. For example,`

Patent 1,754,240 to Nyquist et al. granted April 15, 1930, and Patent 1,895,461 to R. A. Helsing granted January 31, 1931, both show systems in which telegraph transmission is carried on not n only in one direction While speech is being transmitted in the other direction but also in the other direction during the pauses in the speech.

It isan object of the present invention to improve systems of this nature by providing special g5 means for insuring the correct transmission of the telegraph signals without any interference with the telephone conversations.

Accordingly, a feature of the invention is means to hold up and retransmit any telegraph 30 signal that has been partially transmitted at the time the voice-operated controls take over the circuit. VSince the circuit used in this way is primarily designed for telephone conversations,

the telegraph transmission must be immediately 35 cut off whenever a subscriber starts to talk and since these periods occur at random provision must be made to retransmit any telegraph code 'combination which has been only partially transmitted.

In one embodiment of the. invention, the telegraph apparatus used at the receiving end comprises a printer which responds to the telegraph transmission and mechanically locks up devices selected by the code impulses and thus if a code 45 is cut oit at the transmitting end before it has been fully transmitted, the apparatus will be partially operated, but since under these conditionsv Another feature of the invention is a means for permitting a code combination which has been almost completely transmitted and hence almost completely received to reach completion with a slight impairment of the speech. Actually this impairment of speech is only theoretical for it cannot be detected by the ear since it is only necessary to clip off the voice currents for a period of a maximum of a few milliseconds on rare occasions which occur when a number of adverse conditions arise simultaneously. In practice and since this is a purely random occurrence, the clipping is rare andthe clipping for the maximum period is still more rare, so that detection by a listener is practically impossible.

The system is operated by control currents accompanying speech.' When speech starts the amplier detector means responds and starts the flow of such control currents. For a certain y distance thek control vcurrents and the speech are carried in diierent paths and delay circuits are introduced in the speech path so that the control currents may be transmitted ahead in point of time in order to prepare the circuits ahead for the proper transmission of speech. vThere is in addition a certain delayA in the response of the amplifier detector means due to, and known as, syllabic variation and the measure of the delay in the speech path is made of an order equal to or slightly greater than the maximum delay due to syllabic variation plusl the time required for the switching operations carried out upon the arrival of the control currents.

When a code has been transmitted up to a certain predetermined point, the starting of the iiow of control currents in response to the starting of speech anywhere between the predetermined point and the end of the transmission of the code is delayed for a very short period. Under most circumstances, this delay will not be enough to hold up switching operations to the pointof clipping the speech. It is only when the speech starts at the beginning of the predetermined point of code transmission and when a maximum syllable variation delay has Vbeen encountered that any clipping of speech might take place. This is an extraordinary combination of circumstances and the probability that it will occur is extremely remote. Practical working of the circuits has led to the observation that it is undetectable by the listener.

This delay in the application of control current is controlled by the transmitting yapparatus since the decision as to whether the receiving apparatus shall printor shall store must be kept at one point. Given a vvariation in the time of transmission, and the -possibility of slight error in synchronism, the telegraph circuits at the receiving end must be held intact for a period long enough to insure the correct reception of the last pulse of a code under any combination of adverse circumstances. This will insure against any one of three errors which might otherwise occur, such as the omission of a character, the printing of a wrong character or the duplication oi' a character. Hence, the introduction of a slight theoretical impairment of speech is entirely justied and the means for controlling this forms one of the novel features of the invention.

As in other well-known voice-operated device anti-singing circuitscharacterized Vodas, there is a speech hang-over means to keep the established speech circuit intact without unnecessary switching. In addition, there is hereprovided another delay, known as a telegraph delayed start which is introduced at the end of speech and which is provided to prevent too many switching operations found by experience to be unnecessary. Since it is intended that advantage be taken of all small lulls or pauses in the speech, the switching could be made to take place almost instantly at the end of speech, but since experience gained by actual working shows that there is little to be gained by using the very short lulls and pauses in the conversation, this telegraph delayed start is introduced to minimize excessively frequent operation of the switching means. This delay may be adjusted to any time interval greater than the speech hang-over and the decision of the telegraph apparatus to start transmitting or not is controlled thereby. It has been found that a delay of one-tenth of a second is practicable, though the use of a delay oi. longer duration even up to a full second makes little diiierence in the total amount of telegraph transmission.

The drawings comprise seven sheets. The rst of these, containing Fig. 1, shows the invention in schematic form and the rest when placed as in Fig. 2 show the invention in diagrammatic form with certain well-known elements, such as repeaters, ampliers, delay circuits, lters and hybrid coils indicated by labeled rectangles.

In general, as shown in Fig. l, a telephone conversation may be carried on between subscribers connectedv to lines I and 2. The voice of the subscriber on line I is directed through the hybrid coil 3 and thence over the heavy line path 4 to the radio transmitting antenna 5 and thence to the radio receiving antenna 6 through the apparatus represented generally by box 1 which is identical with the apparatus shown in the rest of the ligure as connected to radioreceiving an tenna 8, thence over a path therein corresponding to the heavy line path 9 to a hybrid coil and out to line 2 and to the subscriber thereon. The voice of the subscriber on line 2 is transmitted from radio antenna I0 to receiving antenna 8 over the heavy line path 9 through hybrid coil 3 to line I, and to the subscriber thereon. The invention is not limited to the use of radio links as various other kinds of channels may be used.

The voice of the subscriber on line I traveling through hybrid coil 3, path 4, repeater II, transmitting suppressor I2 reaches path I4 where it encounters a delay and amplifier circuit I5 which delays the voice currents in reaching the antenna 5. From the path I4 a portion of the voice currents flows over path I6 through an amplier detector I1 and thence to a voice-operated switching circuit I8. It will be noted that certain lines extend from this voice-operated switching circuit I8 ending at various places in arrowheads. These indicate that the voice-operated switching circuit has control over the other apparatus to which the arrow-heads point. Thus,

.voice-operated switching circuit I8' has control over the transmitting singing-suppressor I3, the control tone-enabler 20,--the control circuit 25 for the two channels of the telegraph transmitting means, the switching relays 26 for the two chancised by the voice-operated switching circuit I8 Y is to open this path at a proper time.

The voice-operated switching circuit i 8 under the inuence of voice currents from the subscriber on line I operates the transmitting singing-suppressor I3 to open a clear path for the voice currents traversing path I4 Switching circuit I8 at this time controls the control circuit 25 to prevent telegraph transmission therefrom. Switching circuit I8 controls the switching relays 26 to give a clear path for telegraph transmission from the channel A and B transmitters Within box 1 into the receiving printers of channels A and B to the left of box 26. At the same time switching circuit I8 opens the control from tone-operatedfswitchingcircuit 2I to the control points indicated thereafter so that such 29 and ythen transmitted from the antenna 5 to the antenna 6. f

Within the apparatus designated generally by the box 1 the control tone and speech currents will be received by a radio receiver such as 30 and thence pass through the repeater 3I to the hybrid coil 32. At this point the speech currents, or as will later appear the telegraph currents, will traverse the path 33 since they encounter a bandelimination filter 24 which will block oi the control tone. The speech currents passing therefrom will next encounter a delay and amplifier circuit 22 and be fed into the hybrid coil 23 and from thence through the receiving singing-suppressor 34, the repeater 35, path `9, hybrid coil 3 to line 2. The control tone which meets impedance by the band-elimination lter 24 will leave the hybrid coil 32 and traverse the control tone lter 36 which acts to block off the voice currents while passing the control tone. The control tone next encounters a control toneamplier detector 31 and operates the tone-operated switching circuit 2I.

At the transmitting end, the voice-operated switching circuit I8 will have the control path leading from tone-operated switching circuit 2I opened but at the other end such control path will be closed and at that point the receiving singing-suppressor 34 will be operated as well as the transmitting suppressor I2 and the switching relays 26'. The delay 22 is introduced so that the control tone will have ample time to operate the switchingcircuit 2| before the voice reaches the path 9.

Thus while the voice of the subscriber is passing from line I to line 2, the telegraph apparatus for transmitting in the same direction is blocked oiI while the telegraph apparatus for transmitting in the-opposite direction toward the receiving printers of channels A and B shown in the lower left-hand corner of this gure will be placed in operative condition.

If during the transmission of voice currents from line I to line 2, the subscriber thereat should pause for more than a predetermined interval of time, known as the voice hang-over, the voiceoperated switching circuit I8 will restore and then after another short interval, known as the telegraph delayed start, telegraphic transmission will proceed from channels A and B indicated in the upper left-hand corner of this figure so that during such lull in the conversation telesraphic transmission may bey carried on simultaneously in both directions. During this period if either the subscriberon line I or the subscriber on line 2 starts to speak, the appropriate voice-operated switching circuit IB or its companion circuit within the box I will operate and stop the telegraph transmission over the lines in the same direction in which the voice now is transmitted.

IIhe invention in more detail is illustrated in Figs. 3 to 8, inclusive, when placed as indicated in Fig. 2.

It is believed that a short explanation of certain well-known pieces of apparatus will help to a better understanding of the invention.

'I'he hybrid coil 38 when connected to line 39, and paths 40 and 4I and network 42 is a circuit arrangement whereby voice currents entering the hybrid coil over path 39 will be transmitted over path 4B, and whereby voice currents enter- `ing the hybrid coil over path 4I will be transmitted to path 39. While transmission from line 39 emerges into both paths 40 and 4I, it is only effective in path 40 because the repeaters employed are unidirectional transmitting devices and such transmission can only pass through the repeater 43. Again, while wave energy from path 4I enters equally into line 39 and network 42, it performs no useful purpose in the network other than to insure good transmission into line 39 on account of the balancing properties of network 42. The transmitting repeater 43 is a well-known device for repeating and amplifying voice currents in one direction, as indicated by arrow.

'I'he next piece of apparatus, known as a transmitting suppressor, is a'cembination of two transformers 44 and 45 having their secondary coils divided into two parts and connected in a crossed circuit. A pair of leads is taken from the crossconnections and led to the contacts of a relay 46. Under normal conditions, as shown.' with the relay contacts closed', the transmission will freely pass through the transformers 44 and 45 but when the contacts of relay 46 are opened then transmission is suppressed. With an arrangement of this kind, opening and closing the contacts of relay 46 introduces little change in the impedance characteristics of the circuit.

Another piece of apparatus, shown as a circle with the designation VI within, is the volume indicator 41.y This is generally inthe form of a meter and in most cases, is a millivoltmeter. The amplifier detector. is another well-known piece of apparatus which will respond to voice currents Yto operate a relay 49. The box 50,

' marked Delay and amplifier," is an electrical or electroacoustic network which will delay the voice currents for a given period; in the present instance, about twenty-three milliseconds. Since the delay involves a certain transmission loss, this circuit is combined with an amplifier to compensate for such loss so that the box 50 is actually a no-loss delay circuit. Next in line is a piece of apparatus known as a transmitting singing-suppressor. This is similar to the transmitting suppressor heretofore described with the exception that the two transformers 5I and 52 have their secondaries connected directly together. In this case, for transmission to freely pass through this network the connection between .the leads taken from the secondaries must be open. In the position shown, with the contacts of relay 53 closed, this transmitting singing-suppressor will prevent transmission.

Shown directly above this transmitting singing-suppressor is a signal converter comprising two transformers 54 and 55 connected together in exactly the same arrangement as the transmitting suppressor heretofore described. In this case, two sources of tone 56 and 51 supply current to the transformer 54. When the leads from the secondaries of transformers 54 and 55 are opened, then the tone from sources 56 and 51 is not transmitted to the hybrid coil 58 but when these leads are closed, then the tone freely passes into this hybrid coil. It will later appear that the leads running from the secondaries of these transformers are controlled by a pulse relay so that when the relay contacts are closed marking pulses comprising tones from these sources 56 and 51 will enter the hybrid coil 58 and when the contacts are opened the absence of tone will constitute a spacing pulse.

There are also shown on Fig. 4. certain rectangles designated as filters, for instance, control tone filters 59 and 60. These, as well as other filters shown on the drawings, are of well-known type.

In Fig. 3 certain other pieces of apparatus are shown by conventional diagrams. For instance, a perforator 6I is indicated and a tape 62, perforated thereby, is shown leading to a box t3 which represents a .tape controlled transmitter. These are pieces of telegraph apparatus so well known that further description is unnecessary. A rectangle B4 is labeled Motor and synchronous equipment. This represents the motive power and the other apparatus controlled necessary for rotating -a distributor brush carrying shaft under exactly controlled conditions of phase. Running from rectangle 64 there is indicated a shaft 65 carrying a number of sets of brushes moving over distributor faces which are indicated in a wellknown manner, In Fig. 5 there is a similar distributor, denoted here by rectangle 66, representing the motor and synchronous equipment for this distributor. Rectangle B1 indicates, generally, a telegraph printer. The motor, ilve selecting magnets and a printing magnet are indicated. y

It will be understood that the motor and synchronous equipment 64 for the transmitter and 6.6 for the receiver are run in exact synchronism.

Similarly, the corresponding `pieces of apparatus in Figs. 6 and 8 are runin exact synchronism and as will appear hereinafter, means are provided to maintain synchronism between the distributors of Figs. 3 and 5 and Figs. 6 and 8.

In. operation, if no voice currents are being transmitted over line 39 and path 40 then the telegraph apparatus shown in Fig. 3 will be fully enabled. Let us assume for the time being that relays 49, 68, 69, and 53 are in the position shown. If tone from sources 56 and 51 is getting into the hybrid coil 58 it cannot feed back through the transmitting singing-suppressor since relay 53 has the secondaries of transformers 5| and 52 short-circuited and such tone will yonly go out through hybrid coil 1D and radio transmitter 1| and antenna 12. Two frequencies are used to make telegraph tone and are widely separated and adjusted to volumes such thatkeither or both frequencies received will. work the receiving printing equipment. This insures against the adverse effects of selective fading in the radio circuit.

The tape transmitter 63 has ve pins, such as 13, which will engage perforations in the tape 62. When this occurs, the contact 14 is moved from its lower contact 15 to its upper contact 16. The upper contact 16 represents a marking condition and the lower contact 15 represents a spacing condition. When, in the course of operation of the distributor, the shaft 65 brings a brush into position to make the contact between segment 11 and ring 18, either spacing current from contact 15 or marking current from contact 16 will be extended to the telegraph transmitting line relay 19. If marking current is transmitted, then the polar relay 19 will be left in the position shown, whereby the secondaries of transformers 54 and 55 are closed and tone from sources 56 and 51 is transmitted into,the hybrid coi'l 58 and thereafter out over antenna 12. If spacing current is transmitted to the relay 19,.then the armature will move to the left and the signal converter comprising crossed coil transformers 54 and 55 will prevent any tone being transmitted into the hybrid coil 58, thus establishing a spacing signal condition.

Let us assume that the shaft 65 is just coming to a. position where it will make a connection from segment 80 to ring 8| and where the brush working on ring 18 will successively pass over the teries.

segments 82, 83, 84, 85 and 11 comprising the five code segments from the channel A transmitter.

Under the assumption that the voice circuit is not being used at this time, the relays 88, 81, 88 and 89 will be in positions shown. As just previously, a connection has been made between ring 90 and segment 9|, thus connecting ground to the lower Winding of relay 92. have moved its contact to the position shown so that battery is connected to one side of the stepping magnet 93 in the channel A tape transmitter. 'I'his magnet is not energized at this time. Since relay 81 is in the position shown, the connection between common ring 8| and segment v is ineffective and therefore relay 92 is left in the position shown. Now as the brush successively passes over segments 82, 83, 84, and 11, the marking or spacing signal current, as the case may be, is transmitted through the back contact and armature of relay 94 to the contact and armature of relay 86, winding of relay 19 to the common point of the marking and spacing bat- -As the brushes connected to shaft 65 pass further along and are now in the position of transferring the record from tape transmitter 95, a connection will be made from ring 96 to segment 91 and thence to the other side of stepping magnet 93 so that while the record from tape transmitter 95 is being transmitted the shaft 98 of tape transmitter 63 will be rotated and the tape advanced to the next set of code perforations.

Relay 92 will thenv In adsimllar manner, yduring the movement of the shaft 66 a connection will be made to segment 99 while the record from tape transmitter 63 is being transmitted and shaft |00 will be rotated through the energization of magnet |0I.y In this manner the record of the two transmitters will be `alternately transmitted by the relay 19.

Suppose now that voice currents are transmitted over paths 39 and 40. Amplifier detector 48 will pick up these voice currents and cause the energization of transmitting master relay 49. This relay will cause the energization of transmitting voice hang-over relay 88 and transmitting echo hang-over relay 69. Under normal conditions, a ground is extended from the armature of relay 49 through its left contact to the left contact of relay 88 where it is connected to the armature and this direct ground connection on conductor |02, through the agency of resistance |83, keeps the normal battery potential from affecting relays 53 and |04. With this ground removed, transmitting singing-suppressor relay 53 and transmitting telegraph enablerV relay |04 become energized. Relay 53 puts the transmitting singing-suppressor into condition so that voice currents will freely Apass from path 40 to thevhybrid coil 58.4 Transmitting telegraph enabler relay |04 connects battery through its armature and front contact to the windings of relays 81 and 86 in series to ground, causing these relays to become energized. Relay 86 connects a steady spacing current to -relay 19 so that the signal converter comprising cross-coil transformers 54 and 55 is put in condititon to block out the tones from tone sources 56 and 51 so that such tones will not, be mixed with the speech ,in hybrid coil 58. Relay 81 will bring up its armature to put ground on the ring 8|.

Now if the shaft 65 is in position where the brush is passing over any one of segments 82 to 85, inclusive, then ground on ring8| will energize the upper winding of relay 92, driving this relay to its spacing contact where auxiliary relay 94 will become energized. Relay 92, by moving its armature, removes the possibility of stepping magnet 93becoming energized and relay 94 opens the connection between ring 18 and the back contact of relay 86. As long as transmittingtelegraph enabler relay |04 remains operated, relays 86 and 81 will remain operated and both the transmission relays 92 and |05 will be kept on their spacing contacts and the tapes for both of the tape transmitters will remain. stationary. Actually each time a connection is made between ring and segment 9| or segment |06, relay 92 or |05 will be driven to its marking contact but immediately thereafter as a, connection is made betweenring 8| and segment 80 and so forth, the relay 94 or |05 will be driven back again to its spacing contact. As soon as the telegraph transmitting enabler relay |04 becomes deenergized and thereafter when a connection is made `to either segment 9| or |06, the corresponding relay 92 or l 05 will be driven to its marking contact and since ground will now be removed from ring 8|, transmission from the tape transmitter will be resumed.

If relay |04 becomes operated while a connection is being made between segment 11 and ring 18 or, in other words, at the same time as contact is being made between segment |01 and ring |08, then a connection will be established from battery, ring |08 and segment |01, -windings of relays 89 and 88 in series, back contactv effect of the operation of relay |04 isnullied' until the brush on shaft 65 leaves segment |01. During this very brief period the control tonedisabler relay 89 opens the connection between crossed coil transformers |09 and ||0, forming the control tone-disabler, so that even though the voice may now take charge of transmitting master relayl 49 and thereby cause the energization of control tone-enabler relay the transmission of control tone from the sources ||2 and I I3 is held up. The delay thus introduced in the transmission of control tone is enough to allow,

the completion of the code while the brush is passing over segment 11. This enables the receiver at the other end of the channel to properly record the code. Even when this relay in the transmission of control tone through the operation of control tone-disabler relay 89 takes place just as a connection is being established between segment |01 and ring |08, the delay introduced is not of greater magnitude than the delay introduced in the speech path by the delay ampliiier 50 and other apparatus which the* speech encounters further on. It should be noted that if the voice takes charge of transmitting master relay 49 before connection is made between ring |08 and segment |01 by even the slightest interval that the resulting energization of relay 81 will prevent the energization of control tone delay relay 89.

As the transmission from antenna 12 is received over antenna ||4 and thence by the radio receiver ||5, the control tone when it is nally put onto hybrid coil 10 by the'release of relay 89 will pass through the control tone filters I6 and ||1 and thence through the control tone-ampliiler detector ||8, causing the operation of relays ||9, |20, |2| and |22. Relay |20, known as the receiving singing-suppressor relay, takes a short circuit off the secondaries of transformers |28 and |24, thus opening the path for voice currents to go through the receiving repeater |25 and hybrid coil |26 to the line |21. Since the voice coming into radio receiver |5 encounters another delay |28 of approximately twenty-three milliseconds, itvwill be seen that the delay to control tone introduced by the operation of control tonedisabler relay 89 will not actually affect the speech. Since the control tone operating relay |2| allows the printer slow-operate relay |29 to release and since the release of this relay starts in motion a chain of other operations to stop the printing of characters by the twoprinters |30 and |3|, it is necessary to introduce this short delaywhich equals that incurred in delay |28 in order to insure the printers |30 and |3| completing their operation.

It will be noted that the sources of tone 2 and ||3 are marked, respectively, 150 cycles and 3000 cycles, and that the control tone lters 59 and 60 are also marked, respectively, 150 cycles and 3000 cycles. These two tones are used as extra band frequencies in accordance with wellknown practice to render such control tone distinctive and separable fromthe voice band frequencies. 'Ihe control tones are of such volume that either or both of the frequencies can operate the receiving circuit in order to reduce the ||1, which again are marked, respectively, 150

cycles and 3000 cycles. After this, the outputs of these filters are combined and enter the control tone-ampliiier detector ||8 from which the relays ||9 to |22 are operated. The armature of control tone master relay |9 is subject 4to vibration at the lower frequency and hence a hangover circuit consisting of -two resistances |31 and |38 and a condenser |39 is provided to render the other relays |20 and |2| in circuit therewith not subject to such vibration. The last relay in line, |22, known as the receiving echo hang-over relay, must be given another slight delay in returning to normal and hence another hang-over circuit comprising resistances |40 and |4| and condenser |42 is provided and operated by the receiving printer master relay |2|. The receiving echo hang-over relay |22 by opening the connection between the cross-coils of the two transformers |45 and |46, is provided to y block any echo that might otherwise be transpressor relay |20. Thereafter the voice passes through the receiving repeater |25 into the hybrid coil |26 and to the subscriber on line |21.

Let it be assumed that telegraph tone pulses are being received by antenna H4.. These ,tones will pass through hybrid coil |48 into attenuator |49 and thence through two filters |50 and' |5| which, like other lters, are constructed and arn ranged to pass the frequencies transmitted from the sources 56 and 51. The filtered tones then enter hybrid coil |52 and through the amplifier detector |53 operate the receiving telegraph master relay |54. Such tones, representing a marking pulse, willl bring relay |54 to its front contact and therefore establish a circuit from the armature of printer hang-over relay |50, its back contact, the armature and front contact of relay |54 and the upper windings of receiving telegraph line relay |55, auxiliary receiving relay |69 and corrector relay |56 to battery. These three relays will move their armatures to their marking contacts, as shown. Receiving telegraph master relay |54 responds to the code impulses by movingv its armature into the position shown for marking impulses and releasing it to the other position for spacing impulses. three relays |55, |69 and |56 will follow and accordingly move their armatures either to their marking or spacing positions.

The vmotor and synchronous equipment |51 moves a shaft |58 in. exact synchronism with the shaft 65. of the transmitting apparatus in Fig. 3. Hence, as the marking or spacing impulses applied to ring 18 are sent out and received by the relay |54, corresponding impulses will be placed on the ring |59 and as the brush which connects this ring to the row of small segments above passes 'over these small segments it will, in eect, connect the selecting magnets |60, |6I, |62, |63 and |64 of channel A printer, respectively, to the five contacts of channel A transmitter, ending Awith contact 14. Hence selecting magnets |60 to |64, inclusive, will be operated in accordance with the perforated tape 62. As the shaft |58 moves The` on to the next set of segments associated with ring |59, the selecting magnets of printer |3| will, in effect, be connected to the contact of the tape transmitter 95. While impulses are being received by receiving telegraph master relay |54, printer slow-operate relay |29 will be energized and hence printer hang-over relay |50 will be deenergized and the receiving check relay |65 will be in the position shown,that is, deenergized. Therefore, as the brush on shaft |58 which connects to ring |66 passes over those segments having to do with channel A, the relay |61 whose upper winding is connected to segment |68 will be unaffected. The operation ofauxiliary relay |69 during a marking impulse closes a connection from ground through its armature and marking contact to ring |10 and thence to segment |1| through the appropriate brush on shaft |58 to the lower winding of relay |81 to positive battery. This drives relay |61 to its marking contact as shown, and since this is a polar relay and will keep its armature where last placed until it is energized in the opposite direction, this relay will remain as shown until relay |65 is energized. Now as the shaft |58 moves along and is controlling the set voi" selecting magnets of channel B printer 3| a connection will be made between ring |12 and segment |13 which will cause the energization of printer magnet |14. Since if shaft |58 gets beyond the five small segments connecting selecting magnets |60 to |64, inclusive, the relay |61 cannot be driven to its spacing contact again until the shaft gets back to near the position shown. 'I'he small delay to the control tone .introduced at the transmitter by the control tone-disabler relay 89 will insure the last of the selecting magnets |64being properly operated and thereafter the printer magnet |14. If the control tone from sources |I2 and ||3 comes on before the shaft |58 has reached the position for affecting selecting magnet |64, then relay |29 will become deenergized and this will result in the energization of checking relay |65, whereupon battery is connected through ring |66 and segment |68 to the upper Winding of relay |61 to drive this relay to its spacing contact and thus prevent the energization of printer magnet |14.

Whenever a spacing impulse is received by receiving telegraph master relay |54 and hence the relay |56 is moved to its spacing contact, condenser |15 is charged. When the relay |56 is driven to its marking contact, this charged condenser is connected through the armature and marking contact of this relay to ring |16, whence it discharges either into conductor |11 or |18 depending on the exact position of the brush traveling over ring |16. Conductors |11 and |18 lead to the two windings of auxiliary corrector relay |19 and, this relay being polarized and spring centered to stay in the position shown, will momentarily move its armature in either one direction or the other. Under the best conditions, when the shaft |58 is in exact synchronism with the shaft 65, the two windings of relay |19 will be equally energized and hence the relays |88 and |8| are not energized, resulting in the stationary response of indicator |82. Such an indicator is put lin at this point merely to indicate the method of correcting the speed of the motor and synchronous equipment |51, since methods of actually doing this are well known in the art. If the shaft |58 begins to lag in time relation to the shaft 65, then the armature of relay |19 will tend to stay for a, greater proportion of the time on its left contact, thereby operating the slow-indipresent invention other than to illustrate a method of keeping the shafts of the transmitters and printers in synchronism. f

'Ihe apparatus lshown in Fig. 6 is a duplicatev of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 and is used for transmitting telegraphic messages out over antenna |83 into antenna |84 and thereby operating the printer mechanism shown in Fig. 5. This, again, is a duplicate of the circuits and mechanism shown in Fig. 8.

As has been generally explained in connection with Fig. 1, both the telephone and interpolated telegraphic transmission may be carried on in both directions at the same time, that is, i-f voice currents are traveling from the path 39 to the line |21, telegraphic messages may be transmitted simultaneously from the transmitters of Fig. 6 to the receivers of Fig. 5. If there comes a pause in the voice currents then the messages Astored on the tape of the transmitters of Fig. 3

will be transmitted to the printers of Fig. 8. In practice, pauses of the nature of even a fraction of a second are used for this purpose and perfect transmission of telegraph code is insured by the provision of means for stopping the transmission of a code message at any point in the code and retransmitting this same code again when the telegraphic apparatus is enabled.` The addition of the means for holding up the control tone for a very short time when the speech comes on durv ing the last impulse of a series of code impulses so that the printer at the other end may operate, is of great importance in the prevention of printing errors. Practically, it has been found that due to delays applied to voice currents in these circuits, this delay to the control tone does not adversely affect speech.

What is claimed is:

1. In a communication system, a transmissionr channel, a permutation code sender normally connected to one end of said channel, a receiver responsive thereto normally connected -to the other end of said channel, voice-operated means for operatively disconnecting said sender and said receiver from said channel, and means in said sender for storing any code partially transmitted upon disconnection and for retransmitting in full such partially transmitted code when transmission is resumed.

2. In a communication system, a transmission channel, a permutation code sender normally connected to one end of said channel, a received responsive thereto normally connected to the other end of said channel, switching means for operatively disconnecting said sender and said receiver from said channel and for rendering said channel suitable for voice transmission, amplifier-detector means responsive to voice currents for operating said switching means and meansy in said sender for storing any code partially transmitted and for retransmitting in full such partially transmitted code when transmission is resumed. y

` 3. In a communication system, a transmission channel, a normally operating permutation code sender connected to one end of said channel, a normally operating receiver responsive thereto connected to the other end of said channel, voice controlledswitching means for operatively disconnecting said sender'and said receiver from said channel, means operative during the transmision of a code up to a given percentage of its length upon the operation of said switching means for storing and preparing for retransmission of such a partially transmitted code and means operative during the transmission of a code beyond said given percentage of its length for delaying the action of said switching means.

4. In a communication system, a. transmission channel, a normally operating'permutation code sender connected to one end of said channel. a normally operating receiver resposive thereto connected to the other end of said channel, switching means for operatively disconnecting said sender from said channel, switching means responsive to a control tone for operatively disconnecting said receiver from said channel, means responsive to voice currents for operating said first switching means and for applying control tone to said rchannel for operating said second switching means, means responsive to the operation of said first switching means before the transmission of a given percentage of a complete code for storing and preparing for the retransmission of said partially transmitted code and means for delaying. the application of control tone to said channel when the operation of said rst switching means occurs after the transmission of said given percentage of a complete code.

- s 5. In a communication system, a transmission channel, a permutation code transmitter normally connected to one end of said channel, a printer responsive thereto normally connected to the other end of said channel, voice-operated switching means for stopping the operation of said transmitter and printer when operated prior to the transmission by said transmitter of a given percentage of a complete code and means for delaying the operation of said switching means when operated subsequent to the transmission by said \\transmitter of said given percentage of a complete code.

6. In a communication system, a transmission channel, a permutation code tape transmitter normally connected to one` end of said channel, sprinter responsive thereto normally connected to the other end of said channel, voice-operated switching means for operatively disconnecting .said transmitter and said printer from said channel and for halting the functioning thereof, means for storing and retransmitting a code transmitted for less than a given percentage .of its total length and voice delay means for insuring the printing oi' a character represented by a code and for advancing the tape in said transmitter when a code has been transmitted for more than a given percentage of its total length. l 1

7. In a communication system, a transmission channel, a. permutation code sender at one end of said channel, a receiver responsive thereto at the other end of said channeL-'synchronously running distributors for feeding code impulses from said'sender into said channel and from said channel into said receiver, voice-operated switching means for stopping the flow of said code impulses and for preventing the functioning of said sender and said receiver and means operative upon the release of said voice-operated means for entirely retransmitting any code pary tially transmitted before stoppage.

8. In a communication system, a transmissiony channel, a permutation code sender at one end of said channel, a receiver responsive thereto at the other end of said channel, synchronously running distributors' for feeding code impulses from said sender into said channel and from `said channel into said receiver, voice-operated means for halting the functioning of said sender and said receiver up to a given point in the rotation of said distributors and means for delaying the action of said voice-operated means beyond said given point inthe rotation of said distributors, said given point being fixed sufficiently near the end of a code to insure the completion of the functioning of the said sender and said receiver Without noticeable penalty to speech.

9. In a communication system, a transmission channel, a permutation code sender, a receiver responsive thereto, synchronously running dis-l tributorsl for feeding code impulses from said sender into said channel and from said channel into said receiver, voice-operated devices for interrupting the transmission of code impulses at random and means for resuming the transmission of code impulses only at the beginning of a code.

10. In a ommunication system, a transmission channel, a permutation code sender having a magnet for advancing to another code when one code has been completely transmitted, a receiver responsive to said sender and having a recording magnet for recording acode completely transmitted by said sender and for preparing to receive another code, synchronously running distributors for feeding code impulses from said sender into said channel and from said channelinto said receiver, voice-operated devices for cutting off transmission o1' code impulses at ran- 1

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