US20210386374A1 - Animal Physiological Device - Google Patents
Animal Physiological Device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210386374A1 US20210386374A1 US17/289,118 US201917289118A US2021386374A1 US 20210386374 A1 US20210386374 A1 US 20210386374A1 US 201917289118 A US201917289118 A US 201917289118A US 2021386374 A1 US2021386374 A1 US 2021386374A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- animal
- sensor unit
- channel
- physiological
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 212
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 23
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001365 lymphatic vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000009328 Perro Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloralodol Chemical compound CC(O)(C)CC(C)OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003780 hair follicle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003779 hair growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 hide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
- A61B5/02055—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
- A61B5/6832—Means for maintaining contact with the body using adhesives
- A61B5/6833—Adhesive patches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
- A61B5/6838—Clamps or clips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6843—Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
- A61B2503/40—Animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0443—Modular apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0456—Apparatus provided with a docking unit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
- A61B2562/0238—Optical sensor arrangements for performing transmission measurements on body tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/14—Coupling media or elements to improve sensor contact with skin or tissue
- A61B2562/146—Coupling media or elements to improve sensor contact with skin or tissue for optical coupling
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to an animal physiological device. More particularly, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a physiological device for an animal and a system for monitoring physiological conditions of animals having the physiological devices attached thereto.
- a physiological device for an animal comprising: a housing comprising a channel therethrough; an attachment layer disposed on the housing for attaching the device to an integument portion of the animal; and a sensor unit comprising a set of physiological sensors for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion, the sensor unit engageable with the channel for axial displacement within the channel, wherein when the device is attached to the animal integument portion, the sensor unit is axially displaceable within the channel for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion for measuring the physiological signals.
- a system for monitoring physiological conditions of an animal comprising a set of physiological devices attachable to the animal, each device comprising: a housing comprising channel therethrough; an attachment layer disposed on the housing for attaching the device to an integument portion of the respective animal; and a sensor unit comprising a set of physiological sensors for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion, the sensor unit engageable with the channel for axial displacement within the channel, wherein when the device is attached to the animal integument portion, the sensor unit is axially displaceable within the channel for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion for measuring the physiological signals.
- the system further comprises an electronic device communicative with the physiological devices for processing the physiological signals to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of the animals.
- FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C are illustrations of various cross-sectional views of a physiological device for an animal, the device having a screw mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are illustrations of various cross-sectional views of a physiological device for an animal, the device having a clip mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are illustrations of various external views of the physiological device for the animal having the screw mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C are illustrations of various external views of the physiological device for the animal having the clip mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a system for monitoring physiological conditions of an animal using a set of physiological devices for the animal, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are illustrations of physiological signals measured from the animal, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- depiction of a given element or consideration or use of a particular element number in a particular figure or a reference thereto in corresponding descriptive material can encompass the same, an equivalent, or an analogous element or element number identified in another figure or descriptive material associated therewith.
- the terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more than one.
- the use of “/” in a figure or associated text is understood to mean “and/or” unless otherwise indicated.
- the term “set” is defined as a non-empty finite organization of elements that mathematically exhibits a cardinality of at least one (e.g. a set as defined herein can correspond to a unit, singlet, or single-element set, or a multiple-element set), in accordance with known mathematical definitions.
- the recitation of a particular numerical value or value range herein is understood to include or be a recitation of an approximate numerical value or value range.
- the terms “first” and “second” are used merely as labels or identifiers and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their associated terms.
- the term “each other” represents a reciprocal relation between two or more elements.
- the physiological device 100 for an animal as illustrated in FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C .
- the animal may be a dairy cow, beef cow, cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, dog, and the like.
- the physiological device 100 includes a housing 120 , an attachment layer 140 , and a sensor unit 160 .
- the housing 120 includes a channel 122 therethrough.
- the channel 122 is a holed portion formed through the housing 120 , preferably at a central region of the housing 120 .
- the housing 120 and the channel 122 may be of various shapes, such as but not limited to circular, square, rectangular, and elliptical.
- the attachment layer 140 is disposed on the housing 120 for attaching the device 100 to an integument portion 50 of the animal.
- the animal integument portion 50 represents a portion or partial area of the animal's integument, such as the animal's external surface, skin, husk, hide, shell, or rind. Accordingly, when the device 100 is attached to the animal, the attachment layer 140 interposes the housing 120 and the animal integument portion 50 , thereby adhering, bonding, or binding the housing 120 to the animal integument portion 50 .
- the device 100 may include a cover layer covering the attachment layer 140 , wherein the cover layer is removable to expose the attachment layer 140 before attaching the device 100 to the animal.
- the animal integument portion 50 may be at any part of the animal, such as the ear, nose, neck, head, hoof, leg, upper part of a tail, or top of a backbone.
- the animal integument portion 50 may be a skin portion of the animal.
- the animal integument portion 50 includes three layers—outermost epidermis layer 50 a, middle dermis layer 50 b, and innermost hypodermis or subcutaneous layer 50 c.
- the epidermis layer 50 a which is made up of epithelial cells and does not contain blood vessels, is mainly functional for protection, absorption of nutrients, and homeostasis.
- the dermis layer 50 b is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and areolar connective tissue.
- the dermis layer 50 b serves to give elasticity to the integument portion 50 , allowing for stretching and flexibility.
- the dermis layer 50 b may have hair follicles that regulates hair growth out of the animal integument portion 50 , as well as the ends of some vessels including blood and lymphatic vessels.
- the subcutaneous layer 50 c is made of fatty tissue and more vessels, including blood and lymphatic vessels, than the dermis layer 50 b.
- the attachment layer 140 adheres the housing 120 to the epidermis layer 50 a and the sensor unit 160 measures physiological signals from the underlying dermis and subcutaneous layers 50 bc.
- the sensor unit 160 includes a set of physiological sensors 162 for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 is engageable with the channel 122 , particularly by mating elements between the sensor unit 160 and the channel 122 , for axial displacement within the channel 122 .
- the sensor unit 160 is axially displaceable within the channel 122 for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion 50 for measuring the physiological signals.
- the sensor unit 160 when the device 100 is attached to the animal and the sensor unit 160 is engaged with the channel 122 , the sensor unit 160 is axially displaceable along the channel 122 towards or away from the animal integument portion 50 , thus adjusting the pressure exerted by the sensor unit 160 on the animal integument portion 50 . More intimately, the channel 122 provides intricate adjustments for the sensor unit 160 to adjust its contact with the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 may need to be displaced further towards and closer to the animal integument portion 50 so as to depress the animal integument portion 50 and strengthen the contact with the animal integument portion 50 , thereby increasing the pressure exerted on the animal integument portion 50 .
- This allows the sensor unit 160 to be positioned closer to the dermis and subcutaneous layers 50 bc for measuring the physiological signals from the vessels in these layers 50 bc.
- the attachment layer 140 does not cover the channel 122 so that it may be possible for the sensor unit 160 to axially displace past the attachment layer 140 .
- the physiological sensors 162 are arranged on the sensor unit 160 such that the physiological sensors 162 face the animal integument portion 50 when the device 100 is attached to the animal integument portion 50 .
- Axial displacement of the sensor unit 160 advantageously allows the sensor unit 160 to adjust its contact with the animal integument portion 50 when the device 100 , specifically the housing 120 , is attached to the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 may not be properly positioned for good contact with the animal integument portion 50 for the physiological sensors 162 to measure the physiological signals.
- the sensor unit 160 may be too far from the animal integument portion 50 or too loosely contacting the animal integument portion 50 for the physiological signals to be measured accurately.
- the sensor unit 160 may be modified with suitable physiological sensors 162 to measure physiological signals without having the physiological sensors 162 being in physical contact with the animal integument portion 50 .
- physiological sensors 162 may be positioned a small distance, e.g. 1 micron, away from the epidermis layer 50 a of the skin.
- the sensor unit 160 is adjusted with excessively strong contact with the animal integument portion 50 , excessive pressure may be exerted on the animal integument portion 50 .
- Excessively pressuring the animal integument portion 50 may constrict vessels in the animal integument portion 50 , particularly in the dermis and subcutaneous layers 50 bc, which would cause discomfort to the animal and possibly compromise the physiological signals.
- Axial displacement of the sensor unit 160 thus allows the sensor unit 160 to be properly contacting the animal integument portion 50 , exerting an optimal pressure on the animal integument portion 50 , such as shown in FIG. 1C , for optimal measurement of the physiological signals while balancing with any discomfort caused to the animal.
- the housing 120 includes a first mating element 124 disposed on the periphery of the channel 122 .
- the sensor unit 160 includes a second mating element 164 disposed on the periphery of the sensor unit 160 .
- the first mating element 124 and second mating element 164 are mutually matingly engageable to thereby engage the sensor unit 160 with the channel 122 .
- the mating elements 124 / 164 further guide the penetration and interaction between the sensor unit 160 and the channel 122 .
- the engagement between the sensor unit 160 and the channel 122 may be water resistant to prevent water from seeping through the engaged elements 124 / 164 that may compromise physiological signals.
- the sensor unit 160 may include various sealing elements for preventing liquid or water ingress/seepage into the sensor unit 160 .
- the sensor unit 160 is engageable with the channel 122 by a screw mechanism.
- the first mating element 124 and second mating element 164 include matingly engageable screw threads that enable the sensor unit 160 to be axially screwed along the channel 122 towards or away from the animal integument portion 50 , stopping at the desired position for optimal measurement of the physiological signals.
- the screw threads may extend partially or completely across the axial lengths of the sensor unit 160 and the channel 122 .
- the sensor unit 160 is engageable with the channel 122 by a clip mechanism.
- the first mating element 124 includes a fixed clipping element and the second mating element 164 includes a flexible clipping element, wherein the flexible clipping element is engageable with the fixed clipping element to clip and position the sensor unit 160 to the channel 122 at a predefined clip level.
- the fixed clipping element may be disposed around an internal diameter of the first mating element 124 .
- the flexible clipping element may be disposed at and surrounding at specific positions along the exterior surface portion of the second mating element 164 .
- the first mating element 124 may include a plurality of fixed clipping elements such that the flexible clipping element can be clipped to any of the fixed clipping elements, thereby allowing the sensor unit 160 to be clipped to the channel 122 at a plurality of predefined clip levels along the channel 122 .
- the predefined clip levels may differ depending on the type of animals, such as by their species and gender, and may be predetermined based on prior research data on the animals. For example, animals with thicker skin or hide may require the physiological sensors 160 to be positioned much closer to the dermis and subcutaneous layers 50 bc of the skin, possibly even depressing against the skin, so that physiological signals can be measured from the blood vessels in these layers 50 bc.
- the housing 120 is formed of a resilient material.
- the housing 120 includes a housing body 126 formed of the resilient material, such as silicone or rubber.
- the housing 120 may be formed with its peripheral regions sloping or tapering downwards, such that when the device 100 forms a streamline profile when attached to the animal integument portion 50 , reducing risk of accidental detachment by the animal.
- the attachment layer 140 is disposed on a base 128 of the housing body 126 .
- the resilient material of the housing 120 allows the housing 120 to be flexed or contoured to a profile of the animal integument portion 50 , thereby allowing the device 100 to be attached at various integument portions 50 of the animal, especially where these animal integument portions 50 have curved or contoured profiles.
- the housing 120 may be formed by a moulding process using the resilient material, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
- the housing 120 is moulded with the first mating element 124 as an integrated body.
- the housing 120 is moulded and the first mating element 124 is coupled to the housing 120 .
- the channel 122 and the sensor unit 160 are dimensioned such that there is a snug or tight fit when the sensor unit 160 is engaged with the channel 122 .
- the channel 122 has an internal dimension, e.g. an internal diameter
- the sensor unit 160 has an external dimension, e.g. an external diameter, wherein the external dimension of the sensor unit 160 is slightly larger than the internal dimension of the channel 122 , such as 1.1 times larger. Due to the difference in dimensions, the sensor unit 160 must be forced into the channel 122 for engagement therebetween.
- the engagement of the sensor unit 160 with the channel 122 creates axial forces along the displacement axis of the sensor unit 160 , as well as lateral forces between the sensor unit 160 and the housing 120 .
- the sensor unit 160 may comprise a sensor unit holder or gripping portion 166 disposed on a suitable position for ease of displacing the sensor unit 160 along the channel 122 to adjust contact with the animal integument portion 50 .
- the gripping portion 166 may further assist the sensor unit 160 to exert torque along the channel 122 .
- the device 100 is attached to the animal integument portion 50 and the sensor unit 160 has good contact with the animal integument portion 50 to measure physiological signals. After some time, hair or follicles may grow on the animal integument portion 50 which may destabilize the attachment of the device 100 to the animal integument portion 50 . The destabilization affects contact between the sensor unit 160 and the animal integument portion 50 , possibly compromising the physiological signals being measured and acquired.
- a user may need to axially displace the sensor unit 160 along the channel 122 outwardly or inwardly to loosen or tighten, respectively, the contact between the sensor unit 160 and the animal integument portion 50 . This may be achieved through unscrewing or screwing of the sensor unit 160 , respectively. The user may also shave off the excess hair or follicle growth to improve and achieve optimal contact between the sensor unit 160 and the animal integument portion 50 .
- the creation of the axial and lateral forces can be described as follows. As the sensor unit 160 is axially displaced along the channel 122 towards the animal integument portion 50 , the axial forces are created as the sensor unit 160 is forced through the channel 122 . Additionally, as the sensor unit 160 is larger than the channel 122 , parts of the channel 122 expands, while the sensor unit 160 is going through the channel 122 , and contracts subsequently, thereby creating the lateral forces. The combination of the axial and lateral forces induces greater frictional forces between the attachment layer 140 and the animal integument portion 50 , thus strengthening the attachment of the device 100 to the animal integument portion 50 .
- the mating elements 124 / 164 include matingly engageable screw threads and the sensor unit 160 may be forced into the channel 122 by applying sufficient torque or rotational force to screw the sensor unit 160 into the channel 122 after the device 100 is attached to the animal integument portion 50 .
- Forcing of the sensor unit 160 into the channel 122 creates the axial forces and the resilient material of the housing 120 may facilitate said forcing as the housing 120 is deformable to accommodate the sensor unit 160 that is slightly larger than the channel 122 .
- the housing 120 thus acts like a spring biasing element that creates the lateral forces between the sensor unit 160 and the housing 120 , specifically between the periphery of the sensor unit 160 and the periphery of the channel 122 .
- the combination of the axial and lateral forces may be sufficiently large to curve the housing 120 such that it concaves or collapses inwards towards the animal integument portion 50 , allowing the housing 120 to be deformed to the curved or contoured profile of the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 is axially displaceable along a single vector.
- the mating elements 124 / 164 allow the sensor unit 160 to be displaced axially along the channel 122 towards the animal integument portion 50 only, thus preventing removal of the sensor unit 160 from the device 100 .
- the mating elements 124 / 164 may include a rigid clip mechanism, such as the one used in cable tie or zip tie fasteners, which allow the sensor unit 160 to be displaced in one direction only.
- the sensor unit 160 is disengageable from the channel 122 for removal of the sensor unit 160 from the device 100 .
- the mating elements 124 / 164 may include a clip mechanism wherein the second mating element 164 includes a flexible clipping element that allow the sensor unit 160 to be unclipped for removal thereof.
- the mating elements 124 / 164 may alternatively include a screw mechanism that allow the sensor unit 160 to be screwed inwards and outwards by changing the rotational direction of the sensor unit 160 .
- Removal of the sensor unit 160 allows for replacement thereof, such as if the sensor unit 160 is damaged, so that a new sensor unit 160 or replacement sensor unit 160 can be installed or introduced into the channel 122 of the housing 120 that is still attached to the animal integument portion 50 .
- Ease of replacement of the sensor unit 160 allows for continuous measurement of the physiological signals and monitoring of the physiological conditions.
- a damaged sensor unit 160 can thus be easily removed for repairs and maintenance.
- An undamaged sensor unit 160 may also be removed for extraction of physiological data stored thereon and/or for charging.
- the device 100 may be attached to any integument portion 50 of the animal, but particularly where the animal integument portion 50 has a good number of vessels for measuring the physiological signals.
- the animal integument portion 50 is at a lymphatic vessel site of the animal so that the physiological sensors 162 are able to measure the physiological signals from the lymphatic vessels.
- the attachment layer 140 is thus provided to mitigate risk of slippage.
- the attachment layer 140 may include one or more of a bonding agent or adhesive, a touch fastener, and a stub surface.
- the adhesive include adhesive glue, pliable glue, and heat glue.
- the adhesive may be biocompatible, such as one containing hydrocolloid.
- the touch fastener is also known as a hook-and-loop fastener and one way of using this fastener is to attach one of the hook or loop portion to the animal integument portion 50 and attach the other of the hook and loop portion to the housing 120 . Attaching of the hook portion and loop portion to the animal skin integument 50 and housing 120 may be by way of an adhesive, e.g. glue.
- the hook-and-loop fastener may further interact with hairs, follicles, or furs of the integument portion.
- the stub surface includes a set of stubs for increasing frictional forces between the attachment layer 140 and the animal integument portion 50 , thus strengthening the attachment of the device 100 to the animal integument portion 50 .
- the device 100 has a substantially circular shape.
- the housing 120 , attachment layer 140 , and sensor unit 160 have similar circular shapes.
- the channel 122 is positioned at a central region of the housing 120 and has a similar circular shape for holding the sensor unit 160 .
- the mating elements 124 / 164 may include a screw mechanism.
- the sensor unit 160 may further include a gripping portion 166 for the user to hold when screwing the sensor unit 160 into or out of the channel 122 .
- the device 100 has a substantially square shape, preferably with rounded or chamfered corners to reduce risk of injury to the animal.
- the housing 120 , attachment layer 140 , and sensor unit 160 have similar square shapes.
- the channel 122 is positioned at a central region of the housing 120 and has a similar square shape for holding the sensor unit 160 .
- the mating elements 124 / 164 cannot include a screw mechanism, but may instead include a clip mechanism.
- the device 100 may be of various other shapes, such as but not limited to rectangular and elliptical.
- the square physiological device 100 with the clip mechanism is less bulky and has a substantially flatter appearance from its side view.
- the flatter profile of the device 100 reduces the risk of the device 100 being detached from the animal integument portion 50 due to actions of the animal.
- the housing 120 , channel 122 , attachment layer 140 , and sensor unit 160 may have different shapes.
- the housing 120 may have a square shape while the channel 122 and sensor unit 160 may have circular shapes.
- the housing 120 may have a circular shape while the channel 122 and sensor unit 160 may have square shapes.
- the attachment layer 140 may not be of the same shape as the housing 120 .
- the attachment layer 140 may constitute discrete portions distributed across the surface of the housing 120 for attachment to the animal integument portion 50 .
- the physiological sensors 162 of the sensor unit 160 are configured to measure the physiological signals of the animal.
- the physiological signals include one or more of, but are not limited to, heart rate, blood pressure, photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals, and body temperature.
- the physiological sensors 162 may include one or more photodiode sensors or photodetectors for measuring PPG signals from the vessels at the animal integument portion 50 , specifically in the dermis layer 50 b and subcutaneous layer 50 c. Thus, the physiological sensors 162 should be in good contact with the animal integument portion 50 to be able to optimally measure the PPG signals from the underlying vessels.
- the physiological sensors 162 may include one or more temperature sensors for measuring body temperature at the animal integument portion 50 . It will be appreciated that the physiological sensors 162 may include one or more different types to be used in combination with each other to measure various types of physiological signals from the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 may further include a set of illumination elements such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to complement the photodiode sensors.
- LEDs light-emitting diodes
- the animal integument portion 50 is illuminated by the illumination elements and the photodiode sensors measure changes in light absorption to thereby determine detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of living tissue in the animal integument portion 50 .
- the illumination elements are configured to emit visible light of any wavelength, such as red light, white light, green light, or lime green light.
- the illumination elements may be configurable to emit any combination of light as desired. Depending on the integument condition of the animal, the illumination elements may be configured to emit different colours to optimize the physiological signals measured from the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 may include an infrared element for emitting infrared radiation.
- the infrared element may be configured to be activated together with or independent of the illumination elements.
- the light and/or infrared radiation is emitted to facilitate measurement of the physiological signals by the physiological sensors 162 .
- the illumination elements and infrared element are arranged to face the animal integument portion 50 when the device 100 is attached to the animal integument portion 50 . Additionally, the illumination elements are arranged so that the emitted light do not travel directly to the photodiode sensors, as the photodiode sensors are configured to measure changes in light absorption based on reflected light from the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 includes an electronic module, such as a printed circuit board, for processing the physiological signals measured by the physiological sensors 162 .
- the sensor unit 160 further includes a power source for powering the sensor unit 160 , including the physiological sensors 162 and illumination elements.
- the power source may include a set of battery cells electrically connected to the physiological sensors 162 and the electronic module. The arrangement and number of battery cells may be predetermined based on the power requirements of the sensor unit 160 .
- the device 100 may be required to measure physiological signals and monitor physiological conditions of the animal for at least 2 weeks, and the battery cells would be configured accordingly, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
- the battery cells may be chargeable, such as lithium-ion polymer batteries.
- the sensor unit 160 may include a set of electrical or charge contacts 168 connectable to an electrical supply for charging the battery cells.
- the battery cells may be charged by magnetic charging means.
- the housing 120 may include a charging holder 176 for holding or supporting the device 100 on a charging device whereto the device 100 is connected for charging.
- the sensor unit 160 may further include a set of solar cells configured to receive solar power from the sun and to charge the battery cells with the solar power.
- the solar cells are arranged on the sensor unit 160 such that they are facing the sun when the device 100 is attached to the animal. Inclusion of the solar cells allows for charging of the battery cells in daylight so that the sensor unit 160 can operate through the day and night, ensuring that the device 100 remains functional on the animal even after long periods of use.
- the sensor unit 160 may include a set of visual indicators 170 , such as LEDs, to generate visual alerts based on the physiological signals.
- the sensor unit 160 may include a labelling area 172 for placing an identifier of the device 100 . This identifier may also be used for identification of the animal whereon the device 100 is attached.
- the sensor unit 160 may include a set of actuation elements 174 for performing various functions of the sensor unit 160 . For example, an actuation element 174 may be activated for communication of the measured physiological signals, while another actuation element 174 may be activated to reset the sensor unit 160 , such as in event of failure to measure physiological signals.
- the actuation elements 174 are in the form of physical buttons. In another embodiment, the actuation elements 174 are provided via a user interface on a touch screen display of the sensor unit 160 .
- One or more physiological devices 100 may be attached to an animal at respective integument portions 50 of the animal for measuring physiological signals therefrom.
- the attachment layer 140 of the device 100 is first attached or adhered to the animal integument portion 50 .
- the sensor unit 160 is engaged with the channel 122 in the housing 120 for axial displacement within the channel 122 .
- the sensor unit 160 is axially displaceable within the channel 122 for adjusting contact of the sensor unit 160 with the animal integument portion 50 , allowing the sensor unit 160 to be properly positioned for good contact with the animal integument portion 50 for optimal measurement of the physiological signals.
- the physiological signals cannot be measured accurately if the contact between the sensor unit 160 and the animal integument portion, and consequently the pressure exerted on the animal integument portion 50 , is not optimal. Particularly, the physiological signals may be compromised if the physiological sensors 162 is overly forcing against and excessively depressing the animal integument portion 50 , which would constrict vessels at the animal integument portion 50 , as well as cause discomfort and induce unnecessary stress to the animal.
- the sensor unit 160 is forced into the channel 122 for engagement therebetween, thus creating axial and lateral forces as described above.
- the combination of the axial and lateral forces induces greater frictional forces between the attachment layer 140 and the animal integument portion 50 , thus strengthening the attachment of the device 100 to the animal integument portion 50 and reducing risk of accidental detachment of the device 100 from the animal integument portion 50 .
- the risk of accidental detachment exists because animals 60 are inquisitive by nature and will attempt to dislodge any foreign objects that are placed on their bodies. There is also a tendency that the animals 60 will nibble on the foreign objects, thus potentially dislodging or moving the foreign objects. In adverse conditions, the animals 60 may choke on these foreign objects that may eventually cause death. Further, when the animal moves between a standing position and a resting position, it is likely that the animal will brush against another structure, e.g. a fence, or another animal that may knock or move the foreign object.
- the small and robust design of the physiological device 100 makes it easy and less laborious to be deployed and attached to the animal, including in open fields and in holding yards.
- the strong attachment between the device 100 and animal integument portion 50 due to the attachment layer 140 and increased frictional forces reduces risk of accidental detachment of the device 100 despite attempts by the animal to dislodge it.
- the shape and size of the device 100 also reduce risk that the animal will accidentally consume the device 100 , thus preventing choking on the device.
- the reduced risk of detachment allows the device 100 to be constantly attached to the animal integument portion 50 , thereby maintaining continuous measurement of physiological signals and monitoring of physiological conditions of the animal. Useful knowledge and insights can thus be obtained from the continuous measurements and monitoring.
- the device 100 is constantly attached to the animal and the sensor unit 160 can be removed and replaced, it would not be necessary to periodically replace the device 100 in its entirety, which can cause unnecessary discomfort and stress to the animal and which also usually requires trained professionals to fixate anything onto the animal to avoid agitating it.
- the system 200 includes a set of physiological devices 100 attachable to the animal 60 and further includes an electronic device 220 communicative with the physiological devices 100 for processing the physiological signals to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of the animal 60 .
- the system 200 is capable of monitoring the physiological conditions of more than one or numerous animals 60 , such as cattle in a holding yard or farm, wherein each animal 60 has one or more physiological devices 100 attached thereto.
- the electronic device 220 may be configured for activating and deactivating each physiological device 100 , and for selectively extracting the measured physiological signals.
- the electronic device 220 may be a mobile device, such as mobile phone, smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, laptop, or computer.
- the electronic device 220 is a remote server that is a physical or cloud data processing system and includes one or more computers, laptops, mini-computers, mainframe computers, any non-transient and tangible machines that can execute a machine-readable code, cloud-based servers, distributed server networks, and a network of computer systems.
- the electronic device 220 includes a processor, a memory, and various other modules or components. The modules and components thereof are configured for performing various operations or steps and are configured as part of the processor. Such operations or steps are performed in response to non-transitory instructions operative or executed by the processor.
- the memory is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution.
- the memory may be referred to in some contexts as computer-readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer-readable media.
- Non-transitory computer-readable media include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal per se.
- the electronic device 220 is communicative with the physiological devices 100 across a communication network 240 , such as by wireless communication protocols, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
- the communication network 240 may be a short range, such as radio frequency identification (RFID), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or Near Field Communication (NFC).
- the communication network 240 may be long range, such as Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless Area Network (WAN), telecommunication network, cellular network, satellite network, or LoRa WAN (Long Range WAN).
- the physiological signals measured by each device 100 are stored on a database residing within the device 100 .
- the measured physiological signals may be communicated from the sensor unit 160 to the electronic device 220 in response to actuation of an actuation element 174 or in response to remote activation by the electronic device 220 .
- the sensor unit 160 is removed from the device 100 and connected to the electronic device 220 to download the measured physiological signals.
- the measured physiological signals are streamed on-the-fly to the electronic device 220 via the communication network 240 .
- the system 200 may be implemented in holding yard having a number of animals 60 , e.g. cattle, each having one or more physiological devices 100 attached thereto.
- the electronic device 220 may be located in the premises of the holding yard to receive the physiological signals from the devices 100 .
- FIG. 5 for an exemplary animal 60 such as a cow, there are two physiological devices 100 attached to respective integument portions 50 of the animal 60 for measuring physiological signals from the animal 60 .
- a first device 100 a is attached to a first integument portion 50 a at the dorsal or shoulder area of the animal 60
- a second device 100 b is attached to a second integument portion 50 b at the lumbar area of the animal 60 .
- the physiological signals measured from the first and second integument portions 50 ab are communicated to the electronic device 220 via the communication network 240 for processing to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of the animal 60 .
- the chart 250 a illustrates an example of the measured physiological signals against time at the first integument portion 50 a.
- the chart 250 b illustrates an example of the measured physiological signals against time at the second integument portion 50 b.
- the physiological conditions of the animal 60 are monitored by processing the measured physiological signals, such as by way of an algorithm used to monitor the stress of the animal 60 .
- the physiological signals may include heart rate and the heart rate signals may be processed to determine physiological data such as the mean heart rate, standard deviation of the heart rate, pulse shape feature, and the like.
- the physiological signals may include body temperature of the animal 60 which can be processed to assess how environmental, weather, and/or climate changes impact the animal's body temperature over time.
- the behavioral status of the animal 60 particularly the stress condition, can be used to indicate the general state of health of the animal 60 , such as prediction of milk quality, milk fever, beef quality, diseases or calving occurrence condition is good or acceptable, and thus indicate a wellness pattern of the animal 60 .
- the physiological data can thus provide better knowledge about the physiological conditions and health of the animal 60 , including its present state of mind.
Abstract
The present disclosure generally relates to a physiological device (100) for an animal The physiological device (100) comprises: a housing (120) comprising a channel (122) therethrough; an attachment layer (140) disposed on the housing (120) for attaching the physiological device (100) to an integument portion (50) of the animal; and a sensor unit (160) comprising a set of physiological sensors (162) for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion (50), the sensor unit (160) engageable with the channel (122) for axial displacement within the channel (122), wherein when the device (100) is attached to the animal integument portion (50), the sensor unit (160) is axially displaceable within the channel (122) for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion (50) for measuring the physiological signals.
Description
- The present disclosure claims the benefit of Singapore Patent Application No. 10201809940S filed on 8 Nov. 2018, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
- The present disclosure generally relates to an animal physiological device. More particularly, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a physiological device for an animal and a system for monitoring physiological conditions of animals having the physiological devices attached thereto.
- It is evidently known that understanding of physiological conditions of animals may give farmers or researchers useful knowledge and insights about the animals, such as about their health, functions, and states of mind. Monitoring of the animal physiological conditions may provide knowledge on whether the animal has any animal-associated diseases, such as bovine respiratory disease which affects beef cattle. The animal physiological conditions can be monitored by obtaining physiological data from the animals using devices attached on the animals' skin. An example of such device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,349,632. This device has a housing attachable to an animal and a sensor assembly disposed within an internal cavity of the housing. However, even though the housing may be attached to the animal, the sensor assembly may not be properly positioned directly to animal skin to measure useful physiological data from the animals.
- Therefore, in order to address or alleviate at least one of the aforementioned problems and/or disadvantages, there is a need to provide an improved animal physiological device.
- According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is a physiological device for an animal. The device comprises: a housing comprising a channel therethrough; an attachment layer disposed on the housing for attaching the device to an integument portion of the animal; and a sensor unit comprising a set of physiological sensors for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion, the sensor unit engageable with the channel for axial displacement within the channel, wherein when the device is attached to the animal integument portion, the sensor unit is axially displaceable within the channel for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion for measuring the physiological signals.
- According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is a system for monitoring physiological conditions of an animal. The system comprises a set of physiological devices attachable to the animal, each device comprising: a housing comprising channel therethrough; an attachment layer disposed on the housing for attaching the device to an integument portion of the respective animal; and a sensor unit comprising a set of physiological sensors for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion, the sensor unit engageable with the channel for axial displacement within the channel, wherein when the device is attached to the animal integument portion, the sensor unit is axially displaceable within the channel for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion for measuring the physiological signals. The system further comprises an electronic device communicative with the physiological devices for processing the physiological signals to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of the animals.
- An animal physiological device according to the present disclosure are thus disclosed herein. Various features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, by way of non-limiting examples only, along with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1A toFIG. 1C are illustrations of various cross-sectional views of a physiological device for an animal, the device having a screw mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2A andFIG. 2B are illustrations of various cross-sectional views of a physiological device for an animal, the device having a clip mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 3A toFIG. 3C are illustrations of various external views of the physiological device for the animal having the screw mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 4A toFIG. 4C are illustrations of various external views of the physiological device for the animal having the clip mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a system for monitoring physiological conditions of an animal using a set of physiological devices for the animal, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 6A andFIG. 6B are illustrations of physiological signals measured from the animal, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. - For purposes of brevity and clarity, descriptions of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an animal physiological device in accordance with the drawings. While aspects of the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with the embodiments provided herein, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the present disclosure to these embodiments. On the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents to the embodiments described herein, which are included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be recognized by an individual having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. a skilled person, that the present disclosure may be practiced without specific details, and/or with multiple details arising from combinations of aspects of particular embodiments. In a number of instances, well-known systems, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as to not unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
- In the present disclosure, depiction of a given element or consideration or use of a particular element number in a particular figure or a reference thereto in corresponding descriptive material can encompass the same, an equivalent, or an analogous element or element number identified in another figure or descriptive material associated therewith.
- References to “an embodiment/example”, “another embodiment/example”, “some embodiments/examples”, “some other embodiments/examples”, and so on, indicate that the embodiment(s)/example(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but that not every embodiment/example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element or limitation. Furthermore, repeated use of the phrase “in an embodiment/example” or “in another embodiment/example” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment/example.
- The terms “comprising”, “including”, “having”, and the like do not exclude the presence of other features/elements/steps than those listed in an embodiment. Recitation of certain features/elements/steps in mutually different embodiments does not indicate that a combination of these features/elements/steps cannot be used in an embodiment.
- As used herein, the terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more than one. The use of “/” in a figure or associated text is understood to mean “and/or” unless otherwise indicated. The term “set” is defined as a non-empty finite organization of elements that mathematically exhibits a cardinality of at least one (e.g. a set as defined herein can correspond to a unit, singlet, or single-element set, or a multiple-element set), in accordance with known mathematical definitions. The recitation of a particular numerical value or value range herein is understood to include or be a recitation of an approximate numerical value or value range. As used herein, the terms “first” and “second” are used merely as labels or identifiers and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their associated terms. As used herein, the term “each other” represents a reciprocal relation between two or more elements.
- In representative or exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, there is a
physiological device 100 for an animal as illustrated inFIG. 1A toFIG. 1C . The animal may be a dairy cow, beef cow, cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, dog, and the like. Thephysiological device 100 includes ahousing 120, anattachment layer 140, and asensor unit 160. Thehousing 120 includes achannel 122 therethrough. Thechannel 122 is a holed portion formed through thehousing 120, preferably at a central region of thehousing 120. Thehousing 120 and thechannel 122 may be of various shapes, such as but not limited to circular, square, rectangular, and elliptical. - The
attachment layer 140 is disposed on thehousing 120 for attaching thedevice 100 to anintegument portion 50 of the animal. Theanimal integument portion 50 represents a portion or partial area of the animal's integument, such as the animal's external surface, skin, husk, hide, shell, or rind. Accordingly, when thedevice 100 is attached to the animal, theattachment layer 140 interposes thehousing 120 and theanimal integument portion 50, thereby adhering, bonding, or binding thehousing 120 to theanimal integument portion 50. Thedevice 100 may include a cover layer covering theattachment layer 140, wherein the cover layer is removable to expose theattachment layer 140 before attaching thedevice 100 to the animal. Theanimal integument portion 50 may be at any part of the animal, such as the ear, nose, neck, head, hoof, leg, upper part of a tail, or top of a backbone. - As shown in
FIG. 1A toFIG. 1C , theanimal integument portion 50 may be a skin portion of the animal. Theanimal integument portion 50 includes three layers—outermost epidermis layer 50 a,middle dermis layer 50 b, and innermost hypodermis orsubcutaneous layer 50 c. Theepidermis layer 50 a, which is made up of epithelial cells and does not contain blood vessels, is mainly functional for protection, absorption of nutrients, and homeostasis. Thedermis layer 50 b is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and areolar connective tissue. Thedermis layer 50 b serves to give elasticity to theintegument portion 50, allowing for stretching and flexibility. Thedermis layer 50 b may have hair follicles that regulates hair growth out of theanimal integument portion 50, as well as the ends of some vessels including blood and lymphatic vessels. Thesubcutaneous layer 50 c is made of fatty tissue and more vessels, including blood and lymphatic vessels, than thedermis layer 50 b. Notably, when thedevice 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50, theattachment layer 140 adheres thehousing 120 to theepidermis layer 50 a and thesensor unit 160 measures physiological signals from the underlying dermis andsubcutaneous layers 50 bc. - The
sensor unit 160 includes a set ofphysiological sensors 162 for measuring physiological signals from theanimal integument portion 50. Thesensor unit 160 is engageable with thechannel 122, particularly by mating elements between thesensor unit 160 and thechannel 122, for axial displacement within thechannel 122. When thedevice 100, specifically thehousing 120 thereof, is attached to theanimal integument portion 50, thesensor unit 160 is axially displaceable within thechannel 122 for adjusting contact with theanimal integument portion 50 for measuring the physiological signals. Specifically, when thedevice 100 is attached to the animal and thesensor unit 160 is engaged with thechannel 122, thesensor unit 160 is axially displaceable along thechannel 122 towards or away from theanimal integument portion 50, thus adjusting the pressure exerted by thesensor unit 160 on theanimal integument portion 50. More intimately, thechannel 122 provides intricate adjustments for thesensor unit 160 to adjust its contact with theanimal integument portion 50. - For example, if the
animal integument portion 50 is thick, such as the skin having a thicksubcutaneous layer 50 c, thesensor unit 160 may need to be displaced further towards and closer to theanimal integument portion 50 so as to depress theanimal integument portion 50 and strengthen the contact with theanimal integument portion 50, thereby increasing the pressure exerted on theanimal integument portion 50. This allows thesensor unit 160 to be positioned closer to the dermis andsubcutaneous layers 50 bc for measuring the physiological signals from the vessels in theselayers 50 bc. - It will be appreciated that the
attachment layer 140 does not cover thechannel 122 so that it may be possible for thesensor unit 160 to axially displace past theattachment layer 140. Thephysiological sensors 162 are arranged on thesensor unit 160 such that thephysiological sensors 162 face theanimal integument portion 50 when thedevice 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50. - Axial displacement of the
sensor unit 160 advantageously allows thesensor unit 160 to adjust its contact with theanimal integument portion 50 when thedevice 100, specifically thehousing 120, is attached to theanimal integument portion 50. For example, when thedevice 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50 which may have a curved or contoured profile, thesensor unit 160 may not be properly positioned for good contact with theanimal integument portion 50 for thephysiological sensors 162 to measure the physiological signals. As shown inFIG. 1A andFIG. 1B , thesensor unit 160 may be too far from theanimal integument portion 50 or too loosely contacting theanimal integument portion 50 for the physiological signals to be measured accurately. However, it will be appreciated that thesensor unit 160 may be modified with suitablephysiological sensors 162 to measure physiological signals without having thephysiological sensors 162 being in physical contact with theanimal integument portion 50. For example, suchphysiological sensors 162 may be positioned a small distance, e.g. 1 micron, away from theepidermis layer 50 a of the skin. - Conversely, if the
sensor unit 160 is adjusted with excessively strong contact with theanimal integument portion 50, excessive pressure may be exerted on theanimal integument portion 50. Excessively pressuring theanimal integument portion 50 may constrict vessels in theanimal integument portion 50, particularly in the dermis andsubcutaneous layers 50 bc, which would cause discomfort to the animal and possibly compromise the physiological signals. Axial displacement of thesensor unit 160 thus allows thesensor unit 160 to be properly contacting theanimal integument portion 50, exerting an optimal pressure on theanimal integument portion 50, such as shown inFIG. 1C , for optimal measurement of the physiological signals while balancing with any discomfort caused to the animal. - The
housing 120 includes afirst mating element 124 disposed on the periphery of thechannel 122. Thesensor unit 160 includes asecond mating element 164 disposed on the periphery of thesensor unit 160. Thefirst mating element 124 andsecond mating element 164 are mutually matingly engageable to thereby engage thesensor unit 160 with thechannel 122. Themating elements 124/164 further guide the penetration and interaction between thesensor unit 160 and thechannel 122. Additionally, the engagement between thesensor unit 160 and thechannel 122 may be water resistant to prevent water from seeping through the engagedelements 124/164 that may compromise physiological signals. Thesensor unit 160 may include various sealing elements for preventing liquid or water ingress/seepage into thesensor unit 160. - In some embodiments as shown in
FIG. 1A toFIG. 1C , thesensor unit 160 is engageable with thechannel 122 by a screw mechanism. Specifically, thefirst mating element 124 andsecond mating element 164 include matingly engageable screw threads that enable thesensor unit 160 to be axially screwed along thechannel 122 towards or away from theanimal integument portion 50, stopping at the desired position for optimal measurement of the physiological signals. The screw threads may extend partially or completely across the axial lengths of thesensor unit 160 and thechannel 122. In some embodiments as shown inFIG. 2A andFIG. 2B , thesensor unit 160 is engageable with thechannel 122 by a clip mechanism. For example, thefirst mating element 124 includes a fixed clipping element and thesecond mating element 164 includes a flexible clipping element, wherein the flexible clipping element is engageable with the fixed clipping element to clip and position thesensor unit 160 to thechannel 122 at a predefined clip level. The fixed clipping element may be disposed around an internal diameter of thefirst mating element 124. The flexible clipping element may be disposed at and surrounding at specific positions along the exterior surface portion of thesecond mating element 164. Additionally, thefirst mating element 124 may include a plurality of fixed clipping elements such that the flexible clipping element can be clipped to any of the fixed clipping elements, thereby allowing thesensor unit 160 to be clipped to thechannel 122 at a plurality of predefined clip levels along thechannel 122. The predefined clip levels may differ depending on the type of animals, such as by their species and gender, and may be predetermined based on prior research data on the animals. For example, animals with thicker skin or hide may require thephysiological sensors 160 to be positioned much closer to the dermis andsubcutaneous layers 50 bc of the skin, possibly even depressing against the skin, so that physiological signals can be measured from the blood vessels in theselayers 50 bc. - In many embodiments, the
housing 120 is formed of a resilient material. Specifically, thehousing 120 includes ahousing body 126 formed of the resilient material, such as silicone or rubber. Thehousing 120 may be formed with its peripheral regions sloping or tapering downwards, such that when thedevice 100 forms a streamline profile when attached to theanimal integument portion 50, reducing risk of accidental detachment by the animal. - The
attachment layer 140 is disposed on abase 128 of thehousing body 126. The resilient material of thehousing 120 allows thehousing 120 to be flexed or contoured to a profile of theanimal integument portion 50, thereby allowing thedevice 100 to be attached atvarious integument portions 50 of the animal, especially where theseanimal integument portions 50 have curved or contoured profiles. Thehousing 120 may be formed by a moulding process using the resilient material, as will be readily understood by the skilled person. In one embodiment, thehousing 120 is moulded with thefirst mating element 124 as an integrated body. In another embodiment, thehousing 120 is moulded and thefirst mating element 124 is coupled to thehousing 120. - The
channel 122 and thesensor unit 160 are dimensioned such that there is a snug or tight fit when thesensor unit 160 is engaged with thechannel 122. In some embodiments, thechannel 122 has an internal dimension, e.g. an internal diameter, and thesensor unit 160 has an external dimension, e.g. an external diameter, wherein the external dimension of thesensor unit 160 is slightly larger than the internal dimension of thechannel 122, such as 1.1 times larger. Due to the difference in dimensions, thesensor unit 160 must be forced into thechannel 122 for engagement therebetween. The engagement of thesensor unit 160 with thechannel 122 creates axial forces along the displacement axis of thesensor unit 160, as well as lateral forces between thesensor unit 160 and thehousing 120. Thesensor unit 160 may comprise a sensor unit holder orgripping portion 166 disposed on a suitable position for ease of displacing thesensor unit 160 along thechannel 122 to adjust contact with theanimal integument portion 50. The grippingportion 166 may further assist thesensor unit 160 to exert torque along thechannel 122. - In an exemplary use case, the
device 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50 and thesensor unit 160 has good contact with theanimal integument portion 50 to measure physiological signals. After some time, hair or follicles may grow on theanimal integument portion 50 which may destabilize the attachment of thedevice 100 to theanimal integument portion 50. The destabilization affects contact between thesensor unit 160 and theanimal integument portion 50, possibly compromising the physiological signals being measured and acquired. In order to re-stabilize thedevice 100 and re-establish good contact for acquisition of physiological signals from the animal, a user may need to axially displace thesensor unit 160 along thechannel 122 outwardly or inwardly to loosen or tighten, respectively, the contact between thesensor unit 160 and theanimal integument portion 50. This may be achieved through unscrewing or screwing of thesensor unit 160, respectively. The user may also shave off the excess hair or follicle growth to improve and achieve optimal contact between thesensor unit 160 and theanimal integument portion 50. - The creation of the axial and lateral forces can be described as follows. As the
sensor unit 160 is axially displaced along thechannel 122 towards theanimal integument portion 50, the axial forces are created as thesensor unit 160 is forced through thechannel 122. Additionally, as thesensor unit 160 is larger than thechannel 122, parts of thechannel 122 expands, while thesensor unit 160 is going through thechannel 122, and contracts subsequently, thereby creating the lateral forces. The combination of the axial and lateral forces induces greater frictional forces between theattachment layer 140 and theanimal integument portion 50, thus strengthening the attachment of thedevice 100 to theanimal integument portion 50. - In some embodiments, the
mating elements 124/164 include matingly engageable screw threads and thesensor unit 160 may be forced into thechannel 122 by applying sufficient torque or rotational force to screw thesensor unit 160 into thechannel 122 after thedevice 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50. Forcing of thesensor unit 160 into thechannel 122 creates the axial forces and the resilient material of thehousing 120 may facilitate said forcing as thehousing 120 is deformable to accommodate thesensor unit 160 that is slightly larger than thechannel 122. Thehousing 120 thus acts like a spring biasing element that creates the lateral forces between thesensor unit 160 and thehousing 120, specifically between the periphery of thesensor unit 160 and the periphery of thechannel 122. The combination of the axial and lateral forces may be sufficiently large to curve thehousing 120 such that it concaves or collapses inwards towards theanimal integument portion 50, allowing thehousing 120 to be deformed to the curved or contoured profile of theanimal integument portion 50. - In some embodiments, the
sensor unit 160 is axially displaceable along a single vector. Upon engagement with thechannel 122, themating elements 124/164 allow thesensor unit 160 to be displaced axially along thechannel 122 towards theanimal integument portion 50 only, thus preventing removal of thesensor unit 160 from thedevice 100. For example, themating elements 124/164 may include a rigid clip mechanism, such as the one used in cable tie or zip tie fasteners, which allow thesensor unit 160 to be displaced in one direction only. - In some embodiments, the
sensor unit 160 is disengageable from thechannel 122 for removal of thesensor unit 160 from thedevice 100. For example, themating elements 124/164 may include a clip mechanism wherein thesecond mating element 164 includes a flexible clipping element that allow thesensor unit 160 to be unclipped for removal thereof. Themating elements 124/164 may alternatively include a screw mechanism that allow thesensor unit 160 to be screwed inwards and outwards by changing the rotational direction of thesensor unit 160. Removal of thesensor unit 160 allows for replacement thereof, such as if thesensor unit 160 is damaged, so that anew sensor unit 160 orreplacement sensor unit 160 can be installed or introduced into thechannel 122 of thehousing 120 that is still attached to theanimal integument portion 50. Ease of replacement of thesensor unit 160 allows for continuous measurement of the physiological signals and monitoring of the physiological conditions. A damagedsensor unit 160 can thus be easily removed for repairs and maintenance. Anundamaged sensor unit 160 may also be removed for extraction of physiological data stored thereon and/or for charging. - The
device 100 may be attached to anyintegument portion 50 of the animal, but particularly where theanimal integument portion 50 has a good number of vessels for measuring the physiological signals. For example, theanimal integument portion 50 is at a lymphatic vessel site of the animal so that thephysiological sensors 162 are able to measure the physiological signals from the lymphatic vessels. As the animal is mobile, there is a tendency that thedevice 100 will slip off from theanimal integument portion 50. Theattachment layer 140 is thus provided to mitigate risk of slippage. - The
attachment layer 140 may include one or more of a bonding agent or adhesive, a touch fastener, and a stub surface. Non-limiting examples of the adhesive include adhesive glue, pliable glue, and heat glue. The adhesive may be biocompatible, such as one containing hydrocolloid. The touch fastener is also known as a hook-and-loop fastener and one way of using this fastener is to attach one of the hook or loop portion to theanimal integument portion 50 and attach the other of the hook and loop portion to thehousing 120. Attaching of the hook portion and loop portion to theanimal skin integument 50 andhousing 120 may be by way of an adhesive, e.g. glue. The hook-and-loop fastener may further interact with hairs, follicles, or furs of the integument portion. The stub surface includes a set of stubs for increasing frictional forces between theattachment layer 140 and theanimal integument portion 50, thus strengthening the attachment of thedevice 100 to theanimal integument portion 50. - In some embodiments with reference to
FIG. 3A toFIG. 3C , thedevice 100 has a substantially circular shape. Specifically, thehousing 120,attachment layer 140, andsensor unit 160 have similar circular shapes. Thechannel 122 is positioned at a central region of thehousing 120 and has a similar circular shape for holding thesensor unit 160. As the shapes are substantially circular, themating elements 124/164 may include a screw mechanism. Thesensor unit 160 may further include agripping portion 166 for the user to hold when screwing thesensor unit 160 into or out of thechannel 122. - In some embodiments with reference to
FIG. 4A toFIG. 4C , thedevice 100 has a substantially square shape, preferably with rounded or chamfered corners to reduce risk of injury to the animal. Specifically, thehousing 120,attachment layer 140, andsensor unit 160 have similar square shapes. Thechannel 122 is positioned at a central region of thehousing 120 and has a similar square shape for holding thesensor unit 160. As the shapes are not circular, themating elements 124/164 cannot include a screw mechanism, but may instead include a clip mechanism. It will be appreciated that thedevice 100 may be of various other shapes, such as but not limited to rectangular and elliptical. Compared to the circularphysiological device 100 with the screw mechanism, the squarephysiological device 100 with the clip mechanism is less bulky and has a substantially flatter appearance from its side view. The flatter profile of thedevice 100 reduces the risk of thedevice 100 being detached from theanimal integument portion 50 due to actions of the animal. - In some embodiments, the
housing 120,channel 122,attachment layer 140, andsensor unit 160 may have different shapes. For example, thehousing 120 may have a square shape while thechannel 122 andsensor unit 160 may have circular shapes. Alternatively, thehousing 120 may have a circular shape while thechannel 122 andsensor unit 160 may have square shapes. Theattachment layer 140 may not be of the same shape as thehousing 120. For example, theattachment layer 140 may constitute discrete portions distributed across the surface of thehousing 120 for attachment to theanimal integument portion 50. - The
physiological sensors 162 of thesensor unit 160 are configured to measure the physiological signals of the animal. The physiological signals include one or more of, but are not limited to, heart rate, blood pressure, photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals, and body temperature. Thephysiological sensors 162 may include one or more photodiode sensors or photodetectors for measuring PPG signals from the vessels at theanimal integument portion 50, specifically in thedermis layer 50 b andsubcutaneous layer 50 c. Thus, thephysiological sensors 162 should be in good contact with theanimal integument portion 50 to be able to optimally measure the PPG signals from the underlying vessels. Thephysiological sensors 162 may include one or more temperature sensors for measuring body temperature at theanimal integument portion 50. It will be appreciated that thephysiological sensors 162 may include one or more different types to be used in combination with each other to measure various types of physiological signals from theanimal integument portion 50. - The
sensor unit 160 may further include a set of illumination elements such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to complement the photodiode sensors. Particularly, theanimal integument portion 50 is illuminated by the illumination elements and the photodiode sensors measure changes in light absorption to thereby determine detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of living tissue in theanimal integument portion 50. The illumination elements are configured to emit visible light of any wavelength, such as red light, white light, green light, or lime green light. The illumination elements may be configurable to emit any combination of light as desired. Depending on the integument condition of the animal, the illumination elements may be configured to emit different colours to optimize the physiological signals measured from theanimal integument portion 50. - The
sensor unit 160 may include an infrared element for emitting infrared radiation. The infrared element may be configured to be activated together with or independent of the illumination elements. The light and/or infrared radiation is emitted to facilitate measurement of the physiological signals by thephysiological sensors 162. Like thephysiological sensors 162, the illumination elements and infrared element are arranged to face theanimal integument portion 50 when thedevice 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50. Additionally, the illumination elements are arranged so that the emitted light do not travel directly to the photodiode sensors, as the photodiode sensors are configured to measure changes in light absorption based on reflected light from theanimal integument portion 50. - The
sensor unit 160 includes an electronic module, such as a printed circuit board, for processing the physiological signals measured by thephysiological sensors 162. Thesensor unit 160 further includes a power source for powering thesensor unit 160, including thephysiological sensors 162 and illumination elements. The power source may include a set of battery cells electrically connected to thephysiological sensors 162 and the electronic module. The arrangement and number of battery cells may be predetermined based on the power requirements of thesensor unit 160. For example, thedevice 100 may be required to measure physiological signals and monitor physiological conditions of the animal for at least 2 weeks, and the battery cells would be configured accordingly, as will be readily understood by the skilled person. - The battery cells may be chargeable, such as lithium-ion polymer batteries. The
sensor unit 160 may include a set of electrical orcharge contacts 168 connectable to an electrical supply for charging the battery cells. In one embodiment, the battery cells may be charged by magnetic charging means. Thehousing 120 may include a chargingholder 176 for holding or supporting thedevice 100 on a charging device whereto thedevice 100 is connected for charging. In one embodiment, thesensor unit 160 may further include a set of solar cells configured to receive solar power from the sun and to charge the battery cells with the solar power. The solar cells are arranged on thesensor unit 160 such that they are facing the sun when thedevice 100 is attached to the animal. Inclusion of the solar cells allows for charging of the battery cells in daylight so that thesensor unit 160 can operate through the day and night, ensuring that thedevice 100 remains functional on the animal even after long periods of use. - The
sensor unit 160 may include a set ofvisual indicators 170, such as LEDs, to generate visual alerts based on the physiological signals. Thesensor unit 160 may include alabelling area 172 for placing an identifier of thedevice 100. This identifier may also be used for identification of the animal whereon thedevice 100 is attached. Thesensor unit 160 may include a set ofactuation elements 174 for performing various functions of thesensor unit 160. For example, anactuation element 174 may be activated for communication of the measured physiological signals, while anotheractuation element 174 may be activated to reset thesensor unit 160, such as in event of failure to measure physiological signals. In one embodiment, theactuation elements 174 are in the form of physical buttons. In another embodiment, theactuation elements 174 are provided via a user interface on a touch screen display of thesensor unit 160. - One or more
physiological devices 100 may be attached to an animal atrespective integument portions 50 of the animal for measuring physiological signals therefrom. For eachdevice 100, theattachment layer 140 of thedevice 100 is first attached or adhered to theanimal integument portion 50. Thesensor unit 160 is engaged with thechannel 122 in thehousing 120 for axial displacement within thechannel 122. When thedevice 100 is attached to theanimal integument portion 50, thesensor unit 160 is axially displaceable within thechannel 122 for adjusting contact of thesensor unit 160 with theanimal integument portion 50, allowing thesensor unit 160 to be properly positioned for good contact with theanimal integument portion 50 for optimal measurement of the physiological signals. The physiological signals cannot be measured accurately if the contact between thesensor unit 160 and the animal integument portion, and consequently the pressure exerted on theanimal integument portion 50, is not optimal. Particularly, the physiological signals may be compromised if thephysiological sensors 162 is overly forcing against and excessively depressing theanimal integument portion 50, which would constrict vessels at theanimal integument portion 50, as well as cause discomfort and induce unnecessary stress to the animal. - Further, the
sensor unit 160 is forced into thechannel 122 for engagement therebetween, thus creating axial and lateral forces as described above. The combination of the axial and lateral forces induces greater frictional forces between theattachment layer 140 and theanimal integument portion 50, thus strengthening the attachment of thedevice 100 to theanimal integument portion 50 and reducing risk of accidental detachment of thedevice 100 from theanimal integument portion 50. The risk of accidental detachment exists becauseanimals 60 are inquisitive by nature and will attempt to dislodge any foreign objects that are placed on their bodies. There is also a tendency that theanimals 60 will nibble on the foreign objects, thus potentially dislodging or moving the foreign objects. In adverse conditions, theanimals 60 may choke on these foreign objects that may eventually cause death. Further, when the animal moves between a standing position and a resting position, it is likely that the animal will brush against another structure, e.g. a fence, or another animal that may knock or move the foreign object. - As it can be difficult to handle the animal, the small and robust design of the
physiological device 100 makes it easy and less laborious to be deployed and attached to the animal, including in open fields and in holding yards. The strong attachment between thedevice 100 andanimal integument portion 50 due to theattachment layer 140 and increased frictional forces reduces risk of accidental detachment of thedevice 100 despite attempts by the animal to dislodge it. The shape and size of thedevice 100 also reduce risk that the animal will accidentally consume thedevice 100, thus preventing choking on the device. The reduced risk of detachment allows thedevice 100 to be constantly attached to theanimal integument portion 50, thereby maintaining continuous measurement of physiological signals and monitoring of physiological conditions of the animal. Useful knowledge and insights can thus be obtained from the continuous measurements and monitoring. As thedevice 100 is constantly attached to the animal and thesensor unit 160 can be removed and replaced, it would not be necessary to periodically replace thedevice 100 in its entirety, which can cause unnecessary discomfort and stress to the animal and which also usually requires trained professionals to fixate anything onto the animal to avoid agitating it. - In various embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to
FIG. 5 , there is asystem 200 for monitoring physiological conditions of ananimal 60. The system includes a set ofphysiological devices 100 attachable to theanimal 60 and further includes anelectronic device 220 communicative with thephysiological devices 100 for processing the physiological signals to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of theanimal 60. It will be appreciated that thesystem 200 is capable of monitoring the physiological conditions of more than one ornumerous animals 60, such as cattle in a holding yard or farm, wherein eachanimal 60 has one or morephysiological devices 100 attached thereto. Theelectronic device 220 may be configured for activating and deactivating eachphysiological device 100, and for selectively extracting the measured physiological signals. - The
electronic device 220 may be a mobile device, such as mobile phone, smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, laptop, or computer. Alternatively, theelectronic device 220 is a remote server that is a physical or cloud data processing system and includes one or more computers, laptops, mini-computers, mainframe computers, any non-transient and tangible machines that can execute a machine-readable code, cloud-based servers, distributed server networks, and a network of computer systems. Theelectronic device 220 includes a processor, a memory, and various other modules or components. The modules and components thereof are configured for performing various operations or steps and are configured as part of the processor. Such operations or steps are performed in response to non-transitory instructions operative or executed by the processor. The memory is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. The memory may be referred to in some contexts as computer-readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer-readable media. Non-transitory computer-readable media include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal per se. - The
electronic device 220 is communicative with thephysiological devices 100 across acommunication network 240, such as by wireless communication protocols, as will be readily understood by the skilled person. In one example, thecommunication network 240 may be a short range, such as radio frequency identification (RFID), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or Near Field Communication (NFC). In another example, thecommunication network 240 may be long range, such as Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless Area Network (WAN), telecommunication network, cellular network, satellite network, or LoRa WAN (Long Range WAN). - In one embodiment, the physiological signals measured by each
device 100 are stored on a database residing within thedevice 100. The measured physiological signals may be communicated from thesensor unit 160 to theelectronic device 220 in response to actuation of anactuation element 174 or in response to remote activation by theelectronic device 220. Alternatively, thesensor unit 160 is removed from thedevice 100 and connected to theelectronic device 220 to download the measured physiological signals. In another embodiment, the measured physiological signals are streamed on-the-fly to theelectronic device 220 via thecommunication network 240. - The
system 200 may be implemented in holding yard having a number ofanimals 60, e.g. cattle, each having one or morephysiological devices 100 attached thereto. Theelectronic device 220 may be located in the premises of the holding yard to receive the physiological signals from thedevices 100. As shown inFIG. 5 , for anexemplary animal 60 such as a cow, there are twophysiological devices 100 attached torespective integument portions 50 of theanimal 60 for measuring physiological signals from theanimal 60. Specifically, afirst device 100 a is attached to afirst integument portion 50 a at the dorsal or shoulder area of theanimal 60, and asecond device 100 b is attached to asecond integument portion 50 b at the lumbar area of theanimal 60. - The physiological signals measured from the first and second integument portions 50ab are communicated to the
electronic device 220 via thecommunication network 240 for processing to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of theanimal 60. As shown inFIG. 6A , thechart 250 a illustrates an example of the measured physiological signals against time at thefirst integument portion 50 a. As shown inFIG. 6B , thechart 250 b illustrates an example of the measured physiological signals against time at thesecond integument portion 50 b. - The physiological conditions of the
animal 60 are monitored by processing the measured physiological signals, such as by way of an algorithm used to monitor the stress of theanimal 60. In one example, the physiological signals may include heart rate and the heart rate signals may be processed to determine physiological data such as the mean heart rate, standard deviation of the heart rate, pulse shape feature, and the like. In another example, the physiological signals may include body temperature of theanimal 60 which can be processed to assess how environmental, weather, and/or climate changes impact the animal's body temperature over time. The behavioral status of theanimal 60, particularly the stress condition, can be used to indicate the general state of health of theanimal 60, such as prediction of milk quality, milk fever, beef quality, diseases or calving occurrence condition is good or acceptable, and thus indicate a wellness pattern of theanimal 60. The physiological data can thus provide better knowledge about the physiological conditions and health of theanimal 60, including its present state of mind. - In the foregoing detailed description, embodiments of the present disclosure in relation to an animal physiological device are described with reference to the provided figures. The description of the various embodiments herein is not intended to call out or be limited only to specific or particular representations of the present disclosure, but merely to illustrate non-limiting examples of the present disclosure. The present disclosure serves to address at least one of the mentioned problems and issues associated with the prior art. Although only some embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed herein, it will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure that a variety of changes and/or modifications can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure as well as the scope of the following claims is not limited to embodiments described herein.
Claims (20)
1. A physiological device for an animal, the device comprising:
a housing comprising a channel therethrough;
an attachment layer disposed on the housing for attaching the device to an integument portion of the animal; and
a sensor unit comprising a set of physiological sensors for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion, the sensor unit engageable with the channel for axial displacement within the channel,
wherein when the device is attached to the animal integument portion, the sensor unit is axially displaceable within the channel for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion for measuring the physiological signals.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor unit is engageable with the channel by a screw mechanism.
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor unit is engageable with the channel by a clip mechanism.
4. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the clip mechanism is configured such that the sensor unit is clippable to the channel at a plurality of predefined clip levels along the channel.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the engagement between the sensor unit and the channel is water resistant.
6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor unit is axially displaceable along a single vector.
7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor unit is disengageable from the channel for removal of the sensor unit.
8. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the set of physiological sensors comprises one or more photodiode sensors for measuring photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals from the animal integument portion.
9. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the housing is formed of a resilient material.
10. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the housing is contourable to a profile of the animal integument portion.
11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment layer comprises one or more of an adhesive, a touch fastener, and a stub surface.
12. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a cover layer covering the attachment layer, wherein the cover layer is removable before attaching the device to the animal.
13. A system for monitoring physiological conditions of an animal, the system comprising:
a set of physiological devices attachable to the animal, each device comprising:
a housing comprising channel therethrough;
an attachment layer disposed on the housing for attaching the device to an integument portion of the respective animal; and
a sensor unit comprising a set of physiological sensors for measuring physiological signals from the animal integument portion, the sensor unit engageable with the channel for axial displacement within the channel, wherein when the device is attached to the animal integument portion, the sensor unit is axially displaceable within the channel for adjusting contact with the animal integument portion for measuring the physiological signals; and
an electronic device communicative with the physiological devices for processing the physiological signals to thereby monitor the physiological conditions of the animals.
14. The system according to claim 13 , wherein for each device, the sensor unit is engageable with the channel by a screw mechanism.
15. The system according to claim 13 , wherein for each device, the sensor unit is engageable with the channel by a clip mechanism.
16. The system according to claim 13 , wherein for each device, the sensor unit is disengageable from the channel for removal of the sensor unit.
17. The system according to claim 13 , wherein for each device, the housing is formed of a resilient material.
18. The system according to claim 13 , wherein for each device, the housing is contourable to a profile of the respective animal integument portion.
19. The system according to claim 13 , wherein for each device, the attachment layer comprises one or more of an adhesive, a touch fastener, and a stub surface.
20. The system according to claim 13 , wherein the electronic device is configured for activating and deactivating each physiological device.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG10201809940S | 2018-11-08 | ||
SG10201809940S | 2018-11-08 | ||
PCT/SG2019/050548 WO2020096528A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Animal physiological device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20210386374A1 true US20210386374A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
Family
ID=70611755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/289,118 Pending US20210386374A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Animal Physiological Device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210386374A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3876829A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2019375663A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020096528A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL3122173T3 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2021-08-30 | Scr Engineers Ltd | Livestock location system |
US10986817B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-04-27 | Intervet Inc. | Method and system for tracking health in animal populations |
US11071279B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-07-27 | Intervet Inc. | Method and system for tracking health in animal populations |
WO2019209712A1 (en) | 2018-04-22 | 2019-10-31 | Vence, Corp. | Livestock management system and method |
US11864529B2 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2024-01-09 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Livestock dry off method and device |
WO2021242700A1 (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-02 | Medibeacon Inc. | Sensor assembly with movable skin sensor |
USD990063S1 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-20 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Animal ear tag |
USD990062S1 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-06-20 | S.C.R. (Engineers) Limited | Animal ear tag |
IL275518B (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2021-10-31 | Scr Eng Ltd | An animal tag |
EP3942927A1 (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-26 | Ruxbury ApS | Sensor assembly for horse monitoring and a method of attaching a sensor assembly to a horse |
WO2022113062A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | Scr Engineers Ltd. | A system and method for tracing members of an animal population |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010111788A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Cybiocare Inc. | Device for securing a physiological sensor to the body of a user |
EP2999407B1 (en) | 2013-05-20 | 2022-11-09 | ST Reproductive Technologies LLC | Sensor apparatus and associated systems and methods |
US9877671B2 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2018-01-30 | Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor—UCLA Medical Center | Apparatus, systems, and methods for detecting congenital heart disease in newborns |
JP2017529133A (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2017-10-05 | ノニン・メディカル・インコーポレーテッド | Organization interface |
EP3026523B1 (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2019-08-28 | Nokia Technologies OY | Method and apparatus for contacting skin with sensor equipment |
JP6684282B2 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2020-04-22 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | Measurement of physiological parameters using wearable sensors |
-
2019
- 2019-11-08 WO PCT/SG2019/050548 patent/WO2020096528A1/en unknown
- 2019-11-08 EP EP19881303.2A patent/EP3876829A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-11-08 US US17/289,118 patent/US20210386374A1/en active Pending
- 2019-11-08 AU AU2019375663A patent/AU2019375663A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2019375663A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
EP3876829A4 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
EP3876829A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
WO2020096528A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20210386374A1 (en) | Animal Physiological Device | |
CN108937885B (en) | Physiological condition determining system | |
WO2017164807A1 (en) | Tail-mounted sensor device for monitoring animal vital signs | |
CN209845955U (en) | Intelligent ear tag with temperature detection function | |
CN109916535A (en) | Livestock ear-drum temperature measuring device | |
AU2015265825B2 (en) | A birthing sensor | |
CN108207690A (en) | The intelligent ear tag of low-power consumption | |
CA2981782A1 (en) | Device for indicating reproductive status of cows | |
CN207639425U (en) | A kind of pet p-type necklace traction rope | |
CN206891636U (en) | A kind of intelligent monitoring device applied to brace magic tape tensile force | |
CN105748048A (en) | Intelligent pulse feeling bracelet | |
CN202958620U (en) | Poultry killing device | |
JP7150623B2 (en) | livestock sensor module fixture | |
CN206877348U (en) | Plant's Animal diseases early warning system | |
CN211091282U (en) | Cow mating monitoring devices | |
JP6762020B2 (en) | Fixture set and adjustment method | |
CN218572183U (en) | Remote monitoring device for human physiological parameters | |
CN203138681U (en) | Multipurpose cartoon wrist strap for children | |
CN214629052U (en) | Multi-position positioning wearing device for livestock | |
CN211381859U (en) | Elastic wrist strap | |
CN202505423U (en) | Multi-functional pressure pulse band | |
CN210959911U (en) | Ear tag for animal husbandry convenient to it is fixed | |
CN212546957U (en) | Electrocardiogram limb lead electrode plate fixing device for large animal test | |
KR102307558B1 (en) | Pet Brush with LED of Protecting Skin | |
CN207444935U (en) | A kind of multifunctional waist abdominal belt |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NITTO DENKO CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KASSIM, MD. IRWAN BIN MD.;SAMSUDIN, MOHAMAD SULHEDE BIN;CHAITHANABOON, ANANYA;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20191217 TO 20191223;REEL/FRAME:056125/0621 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |