US20200267920A1 - Hemp plant named 'cw1as1' - Google Patents

Hemp plant named 'cw1as1' Download PDF

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US20200267920A1
US20200267920A1 US16/872,897 US202016872897A US2020267920A1 US 20200267920 A1 US20200267920 A1 US 20200267920A1 US 202016872897 A US202016872897 A US 202016872897A US 2020267920 A1 US2020267920 A1 US 2020267920A1
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plant
cw1as1
hemp
plants
cannabis
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US10736295B1 (en
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Joel Stanley
Keri Reel
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Charlottes Web Inc
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Charlottes Web Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/28—Cannabaceae, e.g. cannabis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/10—Seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/02—Flowers

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to hemp varieties, hemp extracts, CBD-containing compositions, and methods of producing and using the same.
  • Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica , and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles.
  • Hemp also known as industrial hemp, is a type of Cannabis plant grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. In the United States, Cannabis is classified as hemp if it accumulates no more than three-tenths of one percent (i.e., 0.3%) concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at harvest maturity. Hemp plants can also accumulate high levels of cannabidiol (CBD), which is used in a variety of consumer goods, including food, drinks, dietary supplements and cosmetics.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • This disclosure relates to a new and distinctive hemp cultivar designated as ‘CW1AS1’.
  • the ‘CW1AS1’ is a Cannabis sativa L. plant.
  • the ‘CW1AS1’ plant has been produced by a self-fertilization process that allows for development of ‘CW1AS1’ seeds at the inventors' grow facilities.
  • the ‘CW1AS1’ cultivar has also been asexually reproduced via vegetative stem cuttings at the inventors' greenhouses in Wray, Colo. on August 2016.
  • the present disclosure provides a new and distinctive hemp variety designated as ‘CW1AS1’.
  • the present disclosure relates to the seeds of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’, to the plants or parts of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’, to the plant cells of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’, to the plants or plant parts or plant cells having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ and to plants or plant parts or plant cells having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of plant cells listed in Tables 1-5, including, but not limited to, as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions, including when grown side-by-side with a comparison or check Cannabis and/or hemp plant.
  • the present disclosure relates to methods for producing a hemp plant and/or seed, by crossing the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ with itself or another Cannabis and/or hemp plant.
  • a further aspect relates to hybrid hemp plants, and hemp seeds produced by crossing the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ with a Cannabis and/or hemp plant.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure is also directed to a method of producing a cannabinoid extract comprising contacting plants of the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ with a solvent or heat, and producing the cannabinoid extract.
  • the present disclosure teaches a seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein representative seed of the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the plant part is a flower.
  • the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant, or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hemp plant of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant, or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein a representative sample of seed of said variety was deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • the present disclosure teaches a tissue culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant, plant part or plant cell of the present disclosure, wherein a new plant regenerated from the tissue culture has all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5 when grown under the same environmental conditions.
  • the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant regenerated from the tissue culture of the present disclosure, said plant having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the hemp of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant regenerated from the tissue culture, wherein the regenerated plant has all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein a representative sample of seed of said variety was deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method for producing a hemp seed, comprising a) selfing the hemp plant of the present disclosure, and b) harvesting the resultant hemp seed. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp seed produced by the method of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method for producing a hemp seed comprising crossing the hemp plant of the present disclosure with a second, distinct plant.
  • the present disclosure teaches an F1 hemp seed produced by the method of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches an F1 hemp plant, or a part or a plant cell thereof, produced by growing the seed of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of producing a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ comprising: a) crossing the plant of the present disclosure, with itself or a second ‘CW1AS1’ plant to produce progeny seed; b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a second ‘CW1AS1’ plant to produce further progeny seed; and c) repeating steps (a) and (b) with sufficient inbreeding until a seed of a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1’ is produced.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of producing a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1’, further comprising crossing the hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ with a plant of a different genotype to produce seed of a hybrid plant derived from the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1.’
  • the present disclosure teaches a method for producing nucleic acids, comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant of the present disclosure, comprising a single locus conversion and otherwise essentially all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the hemp plant of the present disclosure when grown in the same environmental conditions.
  • the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion confers said plant with herbicide resistance.
  • the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion is an artificially mutated gene or nucleotide sequence.
  • the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion is a gene that has been modified through the use of breeding techniques taught in the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cultivar of hemp designated ‘CW1AS1’ as described and detailed in the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of producing a cannabinoid extract, said method comprising the steps a) contacting the plant of the present disclosure with a solvent or heat, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
  • the present disclosure teaches a dry, non-viable plant part, wherein representative seed of hemp plants producing said dry plant parts has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • the present disclosure teaches an assemblage of dry, non-viable female inflorescences from a hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ wherein representative seed the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that a dry, non-viable plant part is an inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant of the present disclosure is asexually reproduced. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant of the present disclosure is capable of producing an asexual clone of said hemp plant. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the asexual clone is capable of producing said hemp plant taught in the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1A-1B shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at the seedling stage at week 1 ( FIG. 1A ) and at week 2 ( FIG. 1B ) as shown from above.
  • FIG. 2 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at the early vegetative growth stage at weeks 2-3 with lateral branches and further intermodal growth as shown from above.
  • FIG. 3 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant during the mid-vegetative growth stage at weeks 5-6 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 4 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants during the late vegetative growth stage at weeks 8-9 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 5 shows an overall view of stem nodes of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at the late vegetative growth stage at weeks 8-9 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 6 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants close to the vegetative maturity at weeks 12-13 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 7 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants close to the vegetative maturity at weeks 12-13 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 8 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at the early flowering stage at weeks 16-17 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 9 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at the early flowering stage as at weeks 16-17 shown from the side.
  • FIG. 10 shows another overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at the early flowering stage as at weeks 16-17 shown from the side.
  • FIG. 11 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with multiple lateral axes dominance (otherwise known as lacking main axis dominance) close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 12 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with main axis dominance close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 13 shows another overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with main axis dominance close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 14 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 15 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with purple coloration in leaves emerging from inflorescences close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 16 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at harvest maturity at 20-23 weeks as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 17 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at harvest maturity at 20-23 weeks as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 18 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at harvest maturity at 20-23 weeks as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 19 shows a close view of an industrial hemp internode with emerging female inflorescences.
  • Bract, stipule, and stigmas are labelled.
  • the bract is the trichomated leaf structure enveloping the ovule.
  • the stigma is the sticky antennae-like structure of the female inflorescence for catching pollen, which emerges from the bract opening.
  • the stipule is a small, spike-like leaflet emerging under the bract from the peduncle.
  • FIG. 20 shows a top view of the ‘CW1AS1’ exhibiting leaf marbling phenotype.
  • the term “about” refers to plus or minus 10% of the referenced number, unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident by the context (such as when a range would exceed 100% of a possible value or fall below 0% of a possible value).
  • reference to an absolute content of a particular cannabinoid of “about 1%” means that that cannabinoid can be present at any amount ranging from 0.9% to 1.1% content by weight.
  • the disclosure provides Cannabis hemp plants.
  • plant refers to plants in the genus of Cannabis and plants derived thereof. Such as Cannabis plants produced via asexual reproduction, tissue culture, and via seed production.
  • plant part refers to any part of a plant including but not limited to the embryo, shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, flower, inflorescence, bud, ovule, bract, trichome, branch, petiole, internode, bark, pubescence, tiller, rhizome, frond, blade, ovule, pollen, stamen, and the like.
  • the two main parts of plants grown in some sort of media, such as soil or vermiculite are often referred to as the “above-ground” part, also often referred to as the “shoots”, and the “below-ground” part, also often referred to as the “roots”.
  • Plant parts may also include certain extracts such as kief or hash, which include Cannabis plant trichomes or glands. In some embodiments, plant part should also be interpreted as referring to individual cells from the plant.
  • plant cell refers to any totipotent plant cell from a Cannabis plant.
  • Plant cells of the present disclosure include cells from a Cannabis plant shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, inflorescence, bud, ovule, bract, trichome, petiole, internode.
  • the disclosed plant cell is from a Cannabis trichome.
  • a or “an” refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “a gene” refers to one or more genes or at least one gene. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” are used interchangeably herein.
  • reference to “an element” by the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements.
  • the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature defines rank, in the nomenclatural sense, as the level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g., all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily). While somewhat arbitrary, there are seven main ranks defined by the international nomenclature codes: kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, and species. Further taxonomic hierarchies used in this disclosure are described below.
  • cultivar means a group of similar plants that by structural features and performance (i.e., morphological and physiological characteristics) can be identified from other varieties within the same species.
  • cultivar variously refers to a variety, strain or race of plant that has been produced by horticultural or agronomic techniques and is not normally found in wild populations. The terms cultivar, variety, strain and race are often used interchangeably by plant breeders, agronomists and farmers.
  • variable as used herein has identical meaning to the corresponding definition in the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV treaty), of Dec. 2, 1961, as Revised at Geneva on Nov. 10, 1972, on Oct. 23, 1978, and on Mar. 19, 1991.
  • “variety” means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which grouping, irrespective of whether the conditions for the grant of a breeder's right are fully met, can be i) defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of genotypes, ii) distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least one of the said characteristics and iii) considered as a unit with regard to its suitability for being propagated unchanged.
  • the term “line” is used broadly to include, but is not limited to, a group of plants vegetatively propagated from a single parent plant, via tissue culture techniques or a group of inbred plants which are genetically very similar due to descent from a common parent(s) (e.g., by selfing of a genetically stable cultivar.
  • a plant is said to “belong” to a particular line if it (a) is a primary transformant (T0) plant regenerated from material of that line; (b) has a pedigree comprised of a T0 plant of that line; or (c) is genetically very similar due to common ancestry (e.g., via inbreeding or selfing).
  • the term “pedigree” denotes the lineage of a plant, e.g. in terms of the sexual crosses affected such that a gene or a combination of genes, in heterozygous (hemizygous) or homozygous condition, imparts a desired trait to the plant.
  • inbreeding refers to the production of offspring via the mating between relatives.
  • the plants resulting from the inbreeding process are referred to herein as “inbred plants” or “inbreds.”
  • single allele converted plant refers to those plants that are developed by a plant breeding technique called backcrossing wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of an inbred are recovered in addition to the single allele transferred into the inbred via the backcrossing technique.
  • sample includes a sample from a plant, a plant part, a plant cell, or from a transmission vector, or a soil, water or air sample.
  • the term “offspring” refers to any plant resulting as progeny from a vegetative or sexual reproduction from one or more parent plants or descendants thereof.
  • an offspring plant may be obtained by cloning or selfing of a parent plant or by crossing two parent plants and include selfings as well as the F1 or F2 or still further generations.
  • An F1 is a first-generation offspring produced from parents at least one of which is used for the first time as donor of a trait, while offspring of second generation (F2) or subsequent generations (F3, F4, etc.) are specimens produced from selfings of F1's, F2's etc.
  • An F1 may thus be (and usually is) a hybrid resulting from a cross between two true breeding parents (true-breeding is homozygous for a trait), while an F2 may be (and usually is) an offspring resulting from self-pollination of said F1 hybrids.
  • the disclosure provides methods for crossing a first plant with a second plant.
  • crossing refers to the process by which the pollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule (stigma) of a flower on another plant.
  • Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny, for example a first generation hybrid (F1), back to one of the parents of the hybrid progeny. Backcrossing can be used to introduce one or more single locus conversions from one genetic background into another.
  • F1 first generation hybrid
  • the present disclosure provides methods for obtaining plant genotypes.
  • genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual cell, cell culture, tissue, organism (e.g., a plant), or group of organisms.
  • the present disclosure provides homozygotes.
  • the term “homozygote” refers to an individual cell or plant having the same alleles at one or more loci.
  • the present disclosure provides homozygous plants.
  • the term “homozygous” refers to the presence of identical alleles at one or more loci in homologous chromosomal segments.
  • the present disclosure provides hemizygotes.
  • hemizygotes or “hemizygous” refers to a cell, tissue, organism or plant in which a gene is present only once in a genotype, as a gene in a haploid cell or organism, a sex-linked gene in the heterogametic sex, or a gene in a segment of chromosome in a diploid cell or organism where its partner segment has been deleted.
  • the present disclosure provides heterozygotes.
  • heterozygote and “heterozygous” refer to a diploid or polyploid individual cell or plant having different alleles (forms of a given gene) present at least at one locus.
  • the cell or organism is heterozygous for the gene of interest that is under control of the synthetic regulatory element.
  • the disclosure provides self-pollination populations.
  • self-crossing means the pollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule (stigma) of the same or a different flower on the same plant.
  • plants of the present disclosure are genetically stable, such that pollination between plants of the same cultivar produces offspring are still considered part of the same cultivar.
  • ‘CW1AS1’ is propagated by pollinating several ‘1AC’ female plants with the pollen of one or more ‘1AC’ plants treated to produce a staminate flower.
  • the present disclosure teaches Cannabis plants, which are an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. Its leaves are typically palmately compound or digitate, with serrated leaflets. Cannabis normally has imperfect flowers, with staminate “male” and pistillate “female” flowers occurring on separate plants. It is not unusual, however, for individual plants of some Cannabis varieties to separately bear both male and female flowers (i.e., have monoecious plants). Although monoecious plants are often referred to as “hermaphrodites,” true hermaphrodites (which are less common in Cannabis ) bear staminate and pistillate structures on individual flowers, whereas monoecious plants bear male and female flowers at different locations on the same plant.
  • plants of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety have been feminized, and only produce female inflorescences.
  • seeds of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety produce plants that are greater than 99%, 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%, 94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, or 90% female.
  • a “dioecious” plant refers to a plant having either only male flowers (androecious) or female flowers (gynoecious).
  • a “monoecious” plant is a plant having both male and female or bisexual flowers, or both female and male or bisexual flowers. Plants bearing separate flowers of both sexes at the same time are called simultaneously or synchronously monoecious. Plants bearing flowers of one sex at one time are called consecutively monoecious.
  • ovule refers to the female gametophyte
  • polyen means the male gametophyte
  • transformation refers to the transfer of nucleic acid (i.e., a nucleotide polymer) into a cell.
  • genetic transformation refers to the transfer and incorporation of DNA, especially recombinant DNA, into a cell.
  • transformant refers to a cell, tissue or organism that has undergone transformation.
  • the original transformant is designated as “T0.”
  • Selfing the T0 produces a first transformed generation designated as “F1” or “T1.”
  • the present disclosure refers to inflorescences from a Cannabis plant comprising particular cannabinoid and terpene contents (i.e., inflorescences comprising no more than 0.3% THC).
  • inflorescences such as dried inflorescences, described as having cannabinoid content are female inflorescences.
  • the inflorescences are grown “sinsemilla,” in the absence of male plants to avoid pollination.
  • the female inflorescences of the present disclosure are seedless, and in many cases, un-pollinated.
  • the term “inflorescence” and “flower” are used interchangeably throughout this document.
  • references to cannabinoids in a plant, plant part, extract, or composition of the present disclosure should be understood as references to both the acidic and decarboxylated versions of the compound (e.g., potential THC as determined by the conversion guidelines described in this document, and understood by those skilled in the art).
  • references to high THC contents of a Cannabis plant in this disclosure should be understood as references to the combined THC and THCA content (accounting for weight loss during decarboxylation).
  • the present disclosure relates to a new and distinct hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar designated as ‘CW1AS1’.
  • Whole-plant hemp extracts from ‘CW1AS1’ contain an assortment of phytocannabinoids (e.g., CBD), terpenes, flavonoids and other minor but valuable hemp compounds that work synergistically to heighten effects of products produced from ‘CW1AS1’. This synergistic effect is sometimes referred to as the “entourage effect.”
  • ‘CW1AS1’ extracts can be used to produce a variety of products, including liquid and capsule forms for oral administration, topical products, cosmetic products, infused beverages, sport products and hemp-infused pet treats.
  • CBD is used for a variety of health and wellness purposes, including as a sleep aid, coping with daily stress, fighting anxiety, relieving pain, assisting with cognitive function and boosting immune health.
  • Significant research is currently being conducted at a variety of laboratories on the use of CBD as it relates to epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), cancer, autism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-tumor effects and anti-psychotic effects.
  • ‘CW1AS1’ is a selection resulting from self-fertilization of a ‘1AC’ plant that was produced through a series of controlled-crosses using hemp.
  • the primary goal of the breeding program was to develop a new hemp variety with high cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations and low tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) concentrations in its mature female flowers.
  • CBDA cannabidiolic acid
  • THCA tetrahydrocannabinolic acid
  • the new cultivar of ‘CW1AS1’ was developed by self-fertilizing proprietary hemp cultivar, ‘1AC’, by the inventors via plant hormone manipulation techniques at the inventors' grow facilities.
  • the ‘1AC’ parent had been maintained via asexual reproduction.
  • the presently disclosed ‘CW1AS1’ variety was found to be a uniform first selfed generation. Other differences between the newly disclosed ‘CW1AS1’ and its ‘1AC’ parental line are discussed below.
  • CW1AS1 has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions, and the phenotype may vary significantly with variations in environment. The following observations, measurements, and comparisons describe this plant as grown at Wray, C O and Broomfield, Colo., when grown in the greenhouse, nursery or field, unless otherwise noted.
  • Plants for the botanical measurements in the present application are annual plants. In the following description, the color determination is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, Sixth Edition (2015), except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
  • rodelization is the process of stressing female plants to induce pollen sac formations. This can be done by allowing unfertilized female flowers to go beyond harvest maturity in flowering conditions, which will trigger the formation of pollen sacs in the plant's last effort to self-fertilize before the end of the life cycle.
  • Another way of triggering the formation pollen in otherwise feminized plants is to spray the feminized plants at the flowering stage with colloidal silver solutions (e.g. >30 ppm). After several sprays, the plants will start forming pollen sacks.
  • the lineage of proprietary female parent ‘1AC’ comprises four generational crossings.
  • the first crossing was made between a parental female from a cutting of Cannabis sativa L. originating in Colorado of unknown parentage (“First Parent Female F 0 ”) with a parental male plant (“First Parent Male F 0 ”) which originated from a feral hemp population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content.
  • First Parent Female F 0 a parental female plant
  • First Parent Male F 0 a parental male plant which originated from a feral hemp population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content.
  • 40 seeds were germinated and developed into 24 female (“F 1 Females”) and 16 male (“F 1 Males”) plants.
  • F 3 Females For the third crossing, a single F2 Female was chosen and crossed with a sibling of First Parent Male F 0 . Of the resulting progeny, fifty seeds were germinated. Twenty-five seedlings were female (“F 3 Females”) and 25 were male (“F 3 Males”).
  • the fourth generation was produced by crossing two F 3 Females that displayed the most vigor and health. Both F 3 Females chosen for the cross were short and squat in stature, had medium to broad leaf structure with tight internodes of about 1 ⁇ 2 inch, and displayed a 70-75 day flowering maturity after flowering initiated.
  • the F 3 Female was chosen as the egg donor (“F 3 -e”) for the fourth generation.
  • the F 3 female was also chosen as the pollen donor (“F 3-p ”) for the fourth generation.
  • the F 3 -p female was induced to produce male flowers, thus generating pollen, using heat and erratic photoperiod stress techniques.
  • F 3 -e was pollinated by F 3 -p and generated progeny (F 4 ) that were all female with slightly different characteristics.
  • the F4 female parent ‘1AC’ was treated to trigger the formation of intersexual and fully altered male flowers on the newly formed primary lateral branches, thus making self-fertilization possible within the ‘1AC’ plants.
  • the induced ‘1AC’ female plants formed the male flowers, and were consequently self-pollinated to develop seeds.
  • the resulting seeds produce a novel plant designated as ‘CW1AS1’. All the observed ‘CW1AS1’ plants grown from the seeds displayed a very upright plant form from main axis dominance.
  • Tables 1-5, below, provide the morphological and physiological characteristics of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety.
  • ‘1AC’, also known as ‘CW1A’, is provided as a check variety. Unless otherwise noted, measurements below were taken from field-grown plants in Colorado.
  • Main axis is very prominent and dominant. Main axis dominance is the primary growth habit (about two thirds of the observed plants). Lower lateral branches also elongate, contributing to classic shrub-like form and habit, thus looking very Christmas tree-like. About one third of the observed plants show that flowering lateral branches exhibit shared dominance with main axis, which leads to a bushy canopy (This feature is mostly due to planting density or apical axis disturbance). Plant origin Feminized and stabilized progeny ‘1AC’ Cannabis sativa L. obtained through self-fertilization produced from a series of of ‘1AC’ Female Parent. crosses between a first plant of unknown parentage with a parental male plant from a feral hemp population in Colorado.
  • Leaf/Foliage Characteristics New Variety (‘CW1AS1’) Parental variety (‘1AC’) Leaf Opposite as a seedling and during Alternate with short intemodes arrangement most of vegetative phase of during early vegetative growth growth. stages especially after cloning The opposite arrangement Sometimes opposite (vegetative stretches a bit with increased vigor stage) and whorled (flowering of growth. stage) leaf positioning depending At the beginning of the flowering on growth conditions stage, the strong tendency of opposite arrangement shifts to alternate arrangement toward the ends of the main axis and lateral branches on new growth.
  • Leaf shape Palmately compound. Palmately compound Leaf structure Serrated, lanceolate, leaflets Serrated, lanceolate, pinnately evenly bisected by the midvein veined leaflets with a medium to and with widest point halfway dark green upper surface and between leaflet attachment to light green to white green lower petiole and leaflet apex. surface.
  • Leaf margins Plane with tooth apices angled Plane with tooth apices angled toward leaflet apex that is, that the toward leaflet apex lamina is planar and that the apices Jaggedly serrated when leaves of the toothy margin angle toward are immature, developing into the leaflet apex. not so jaggedly serrated when Jaggedly serrated when leaves are leaves/leaflets are mature immature, developing into not so Both apical and basal side of jaggedly serrated when tooth are generally convex leaves/leaflets are mature. Both apical and basal side of tooth are convex, generally.
  • optimal growing conditions and (Unit: cm) at peak vegetative growth Petiole length at An average of 8.7 cm, with a range 5.1 cm-10.2 cm depending on maturity of 6.3 cm to 12.0 cm (longest leaf type (on axillary branch (Unit: cm) petiole).
  • Petiole color Between RHS 145A and 145B. Between RHS145A and 145B (RHS No.) Anthocyanin Absent through floral maturity in N/A color and all observed outdoor plants. intensity in Petiole coloration can vary due to Petioles nutrient inputs and light conditions. Has been observed in indoor greenhouse environments. Stipule length at An average of 1.2 mm, with a ⁇ 1 cm maturity range of 6 mm to 14 mm (longest (Unit: mm) stipule).
  • Stipule color Vibrant green center of stipule is Linear with slight curvaceous (RHS No.) RHS 143A, and the papery white growth. edge is similar to NN155B- NN155C. Within inflorescences, vibrant green center of stipule is RHS 143A-143B, and the papery white edge is similar to NN155B- NN155C.
  • Stipule shape Spinose, wider at base tapering to Spinose, wider at base tapering the apex but sometimes straight to the apex but sometimes with white, feathery edges. straight with white, feathery Folded shape down the center, as a edges. ‘V’ or curling from center to nearly form a tube, vibrant green in color overall.
  • Leaf (upper side - One of the most visually distinct RHS NN137B adaxial) color and characteristic attributes of this Leaf marbling during early to (RHS No.) variety is a colored marbling of the mid-vegetative stages.
  • RHS 147B- 147C leaf and 148B-148C venation Leaf glossiness Low.
  • Vein/midrib Primary vein is straight down the Midvein is straight down the shape middle of each leaflet. middle of each leaflet. Secondary veins are percurrent, Secondary veins are percurrent, branched alternately from branched alternately from midvein, grow to tooth apex with midvein, grow to tooth apex with some forming loops to other some forming loops to other secondary veins, and more secondary veins, and more apparent tertiary venation, apparent tertiary venation, especially in mature foliage. especially in mature leaflets Very pronounced on abaxial surface of leaflets. Slightly recessed on adaxial surface. Very finely pubescent.
  • Vein/midrib RHS 147B also between 146D RHS 145C color (RHS No.) and 145B.
  • stem widens at base, especially so at lower nodal points that have shorter internodal points, takes on a generally more rounded character, but remains green for the most part. Secondary growth is emphasized in the lower portions of the stem once primary growth really takes off in newer growth during vegetative development. Stem diameter at An average of 4.0 cm (width) and 3.0-12 cm in outdoor plants base 4.5 cm (depth), with a range of 2.0 (Unit: cm) cm to 5.5 cm. Stem color RHS 146D for green and immature Immature RHS 146D (RHS No.) stems.
  • Pistillate compound Female flowers are small but inflorescences are congested numerous and take on the pseudospikes with leaf-like coloration present in the bracts, leafy and compact, with vegetation of the specimen the largest inflorescences present (typically green); enclosed and on dominant apical stems surrounded by a perigonal bract, Female flowers are small but beaked at the tip; unilocular ovary numerous and take on the superior, sessile, with two long coloration present in the filiform stigmatic branches which vegetation of the specimen are white upon emergence and (typically green); enclosed and later deteriorating to a rusty surrounded by a fused calyx reddish-brown.
  • Leaflets number 3, 5, or 7 with many leaves having 5 leaflets. Proportion of >99%. 100% female plants Less than 1% of the observed plants featuring pure male flowers or monoecious (female/male) tendencies. Inflorescence Above. Above position Apical portions of main and lateral Apical portions of main and axes. lateral axes Flower Cymose Cymose arrangement Number of Hundreds to thousands of flowers Hundreds to thousands flowers flowers per plant per plant. per plant Multitudinous, congested, with Multitudinous, congested, with high concentrations on bushier high concentrations on bushier wide inflorescences. wide inflorescence Flower shape Bilateral symmetry with an overall Bilateral symmetry with an compressed ovaloid appearance.
  • 144D or 145A to 150D or Some RHS 137A-D, some 141A- 155A-155B at lighter base. 141C, to 143C or 144A-144D or 145A, to 150D or 155A-1555B at lighter base. Stigma shape Sturdy looking at base, slenderly Short apical style with two long tapering with minute and fine filiform stigmatic branches papillae. At flower maturity, the pistils Thicker and wider in appearance senesce to a reddish-brown in general than CW2A. Vibrant yellow green, with almost a golden color past maturity.
  • Trichome color RHS NN155A-NN155D, white Variable (RHS No.) translucent, to white, to creamy Clear, white, translucent at first, white, to nearly golden white. as it matures, cloudy to amber as phytochemicals enter the trichome glandular head
  • Terminal bud Dense clusters of emergent Terminal buds are naked, shape pistillate flowers with fresh vegetative, and mixed depending whitish vegetative stigmas. Bracts on life stage and miniature leaves covered with (vegetative/flowering) trichomes. Miniature leaves emerging from inflorescences are abundant in this variety.
  • RHS 137A-137D Some RHS 137A-137D, some 141A-141C, to 143C or 144A- 144D or 145A, to 150D or 155A- 155B at lighter base.
  • RHS 150A-150C or 151C-151D freshly emergent stigmas.
  • Pedicel Absent from observation Absent Staminate shape None observed. None observed. Sepal color None observed. None observed. (RHS No.) Pollen None observed. None observed. description Marbling of seed Medium. N/A Petal description Absent in observation Apetalous (petals absent in flowers)
  • CW1AS1 Parental variety
  • ‘1AC’ Time period and Late flowering. Specifically, a photoperiod of no condition of CW1AS1 does not show any less than 11 hours of continuous flowering/ immature flowering and only darkness within a 24-hour blooming begins to flower 105-110 days period. after planting. CW1AS1 is highly dependent on day/night length to initiate flowering. Proportion of None. None. hermaphrodite plants Hardiness of Resistant to frost and cold in late Resistant to frost (with nightly plant vegetative growth stages. temperatures as low as 27 Cold resistance increases during degrees Fahrenheit as long as the the late flowering stage.
  • Table 6 includes detailed information of the hemp plant named ‘CW1AS1’ for profiles of total CBD and THC concentrations as tested on three different flower samples.
  • the claimed ‘CW1AS1’ variety was tested by the third party service provider, Botanacor Services LLC, to determine flower cannabinoid potency according to the service provider's TM01 procedure using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • the term “maturity,” “harvest maturity,” or “floral maturity” refers to the developmental stage at which the ‘CW1AS1’ plant is harvested. Persons having skill in the art will recognize maturity based on the plant's morphologies. It is also good practice to conduct periodic cannabinoid content (i.e., potency) tests throughout the development of the plant to ensure that harvest occurs at maturity.
  • the ‘CW1AS1’ plant is considered to be at harvest maturity when inflorescences begin to take on a ‘frosted’ appearance, as trichomes develop on bracts, miniature leaves within inflorescences, and lower portions of fan leaves. If the ‘frosted’ appearance is visible from afar, this could indicate the plant is beyond maturity.
  • the color of trichomes can also be used to determine maturity. Trichomes when first developing on the ‘CW1AS1’ plant look small and clear, but gradually enlarge, and progressively become ‘milkier’ and opaque with continued maturation, finally displaying a desiccated appearance and amber color.
  • maturity for the ‘CW1AS1’ plant is defined as the time period between the enlarged clear trichome developmental stage and the opaque/milky trichome developmental stage.
  • Amber trichomes in the ‘CW1AS1’ plant are an indication of overly mature trichomes.
  • the ideal time period after planting for floral maturity of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety is typically around 20-23 weeks after planting seeds in the field, depending on planting date.
  • FIGS. 16-18 provide photographs of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at harvest maturity. In some embodiments, harvest maturity can encompass any period after the emergence of inflorescences, but before the THC content of any inflorescence surpasses 0.3% THC.
  • the botanical descriptions disclosed herein reflect the range of phenotypical variation observed under indoor and outdoor growth conditions.
  • Total Potential THC/CBD contents presented in this document reflect the total potential (i.e., decarboxylated) THC and CBD content after decarboxylation of the THCA and CBDA contents of the sample. The formula used for this calculation is reproduced below for the Office's convenience.
  • Total THC THC+(THCA*(0.877)).
  • Total CBD CBD+(CBDA*(0.877)).
  • ‘CW1AS1’ When ‘CW1AS1’ is compared to the known Cannabis plant named ‘ ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ (U.S. Plant Patent No. 27,475), there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, ‘CW1AS1’ plant is generally taller than the ‘ ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ plant. While the aroma of ‘ ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ is strongly mephitic with hints of limonene, ‘CW1AS1’ has a pleasantly earthy aromatic herbal smell with a hint of pine scent.
  • ‘CW1AS1’ stem diameter at base is bigger than ‘ ECUADORIAN SATIVA .’
  • the flower cyme diameter of ‘CW1AS1’ is smaller than that of ‘ ECUADORIAN SATIVA .’
  • the total THC content of ‘CW1AS1’ is between 0.26-0.27%, rendering the claimed plant a hemp plant under U.S. law.
  • ‘ ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ accumulates 12.45% total THC, resulting in a different classification of the plant.
  • ‘CW1AS1’ When ‘CW1AS1’ is compared to its parental line ‘1AC,’ there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, ‘CW1AS1’ has a different leaf arrangement during vegetative stages, longer stipules, and different leaf lengths and vein/midrib colors.
  • the plants of the present disclosure can be used to produce new plant varieties.
  • the plants are used to develop new, unique and superior varieties or hybrids with desired phenotypes.
  • plant breeding techniques comprises all of the plant breeding techniques disclosed in this section of the application, and well known to persons having skill in the art.
  • plant breeding methods encompass the application of recurrent selection, mass selection, hybridization, open-pollination, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, marker assisted selection breeding, mutation breeding, gene editing, and combinations thereof.
  • selection methods e.g., molecular marker assisted selection
  • breeding methods can be combined with breeding methods to accelerate the process. Additional breeding methods have been known to one of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., methods discussed in Chahal and Gosal (Principles and procedures of plant breeding: biotechnological and conventional approaches, CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 084931321X, 9780849313219), Taji et al.
  • Cannabis genome has been sequenced recently (van Bakel et al., The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa , Genome Biology, 12(10):R102, 2011). Molecular markers for Cannabis plants are described in Datwyler et al.
  • molecular markers are designed and made, based on the genome of the plants of the present application.
  • the molecular markers are selected from Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs). Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, etc.
  • RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
  • RAPDs Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs
  • AP-PCR Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • DAF DNA Amplification Fingerprinting
  • SCARs Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions
  • AFLPs Amplified
  • the molecular markers can be used in molecular marker assisted breeding.
  • the molecular markers can be utilized to monitor the transfer of the genetic material.
  • the transferred genetic material is a gene of interest, such as genes that contribute to one or more favorable agronomic phenotypes when expressed in a plant cell, a plant part, or a plant.
  • Classical breeding methods can be included in the present disclosure to introduce one or more recombinant expression cassettes of the present disclosure into other plant varieties, or other close-related species that are compatible to be crossed with the transgenic plant.
  • the recombinant expression cassette can encode for a desirable phenotype, including herbicide resistance, disease or pest resistance, insect resistance, resistance to antibiotics, or additional traits, as disclosed in this application.
  • said method comprises (i) crossing any one of the plants of the present disclosure comprising the expression cassette as a donor to a recipient plant line to create a F1 population; (ii) selecting offspring that have expression cassette.
  • the offspring can be further selected by testing the expression of the gene of interest.
  • the present disclosure teaches crossing a transgenic plant with the presently disclosed ‘CW1AS1’ plant.
  • the transgenic plant with the expression cassette can serve as a male or female parent in a cross pollination to produce offspring plants, wherein by receiving the transgene from the donor plant, the offspring plants have the expression cassette.
  • protoplast fusion can also be used for the transfer of the transgene from a donor plant to a recipient plant.
  • Protoplast fusion is an induced or spontaneous union, such as a somatic hybridization, between two or more protoplasts (cells in which the cell walls are removed by enzymatic treatment) to produce a single bi- or multi-nucleate cell.
  • the fused cell that may even be obtained with plant species that cannot be interbred in nature is tissue cultured into a hybrid plant exhibiting the desirable combination of traits. More specifically, a first protoplast can be obtained from a plant having the expression cassette.
  • a second protoplast can be obtained from a second plant line, optionally from another plant species or variety, preferably from the same plant species or variety, that comprises commercially desirable characteristics, such as, but not limited to disease resistance, insect resistance, valuable grain characteristics (e.g., increased seed weight and/or seed size) etc.
  • the protoplasts are then fused using traditional protoplast fusion procedures, which are known in the art to produce the cross.
  • embryo rescue may be employed in the transfer of the expression cassette from a donor plant to a recipient plant.
  • Embryo rescue can be used as a procedure to isolate embryos from crosses wherein plants fail to produce viable seed.
  • the fertilized ovary or immature seed of a plant is tissue cultured to create new plants (see Pierik, 1999 , In vitro culture of higher plants , Springer, ISBN 079235267x, 9780792352679, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • the recipient plant is an elite line having one or more certain desired traits.
  • desired traits include but are not limited to those that result in increased biomass production, production of specific chemicals, increased seed production, improved plant material quality, increased seed oil content, etc. Additional examples of desired traits include pest resistance, vigor, development time (time to harvest), enhanced nutrient content, novel growth patterns, aromas or colors, salt, heat, drought and cold tolerance, and the like.
  • Desired traits also include selectable marker genes (e.g., genes encoding herbicide or antibiotic resistance used only to facilitate detection or selection of transformed cells), hormone biosynthesis genes leading to the production of a plant hormone (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene that are used only for selection), or reporter genes (e.g. luciferase, ⁇ -glucuronidase, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT, etc.).
  • the recipient plant can also be a plant with preferred chemical compositions, e.g., compositions preferred for medical use or industrial applications.
  • Open-Pollinated Populations The improvement of open-pollinated populations of such crops as rye, many maizes and sugar beets, herbage grasses, legumes such as alfalfa and clover, and tropical tree crops such as cacao, coconuts, oil palm and some rubber, depends essentially upon changing gene-frequencies towards fixation of favorable alleles while maintaining a high (but far from maximal) degree of heterozygosity. Uniformity in such populations is impossible and trueness-to-type in an open-pollinated variety is a statistical feature of the population as a whole, not a characteristic of individual plants. Thus, the heterogeneity of open-pollinated populations contrasts with the homogeneity (or virtually so) of inbred lines, clones and hybrids.
  • Interpopulation improvement utilizes the concept of open breeding populations; allowing genes to flow from one population to another. Plants in one population (cultivar, strain, ecotype, or any germplasm source) are crossed either naturally (e.g., by wind) or by hand or by bees (commonly Apis mellifera L. or Megachile rotundata F.) with plants from other populations. Selection is applied to improve one (or sometimes both) population(s) by isolating plants with desirable traits from both sources.
  • Mass Selection In mass selection, desirable individual plants are chosen, harvested, and the seed composited without progeny testing to produce the following generation. Since selection is based on the maternal parent only, and there is no control over pollination, mass selection amounts to a form of random mating with selection. As stated herein, the purpose of mass selection is to increase the proportion of superior genotypes in the population.
  • Mutation breeding is another method of introducing new traits into the hemp plants of the present disclosure. Mutations that occur spontaneously or are artificially induced can be useful sources of variability for a plant breeder. The goal of artificial mutagenesis is to increase the rate of mutation for a desired characteristic.
  • Mutation rates can be increased by many different means including temperature, long-term seed storage, tissue culture conditions, radiation; such as X-rays, Gamma rays (e.g., cobalt 60 or cesium 137), neutrons, (product of nuclear fission by uranium 235 in an atomic reactor), Beta radiation (emitted from radioisotopes such as phosphorus 32 or carbon 14), or ultraviolet radiation (preferably from 2500 to 2900 nm), or chemical mutagens (such as base analogues (5-bromo-uracil)), related compounds (8-ethoxy caffeine), antibiotics (streptonigrin), alkylating agents (sulfur mustards, nitrogen mustards, epoxides, ethyleneamines, sulfates, sulfonates, sulfones, lactones), azide, hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, or acridines.
  • radiation such as X-rays, Gamma rays (e.g., co
  • Additional methods include, but are not limited to, expression vectors introduced into plant tissues using a direct gene transfer method, such as microprojectile-mediated delivery, DNA injection, electroporation, and the like. More preferably, expression vectors are introduced into plant tissues by using either microprojectile-mediated delivery with a biolistic device or by using Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Transformant plants obtained with the protoplasm of the subject hemp plants are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the application.
  • Synthetics A synthetic variety is produced by crossing inter se a number of genotypes selected for good combining ability in all possible hybrid combinations, with subsequent maintenance of the variety by open pollination. Whether parents are (more or less inbred) seed-propagated lines, as in some sugar beet and beans ( Vicia ) or clones, as in herbage grasses, clovers and alfalfa, makes no difference in principle. Parents are selected on general combining ability, sometimes by test crosses or toperosses, more generally by polycrosses. Parental seed lines may be deliberately inbred (e.g. by selfing or sib crossing). However, even if the parents are not deliberately inbred, selection within lines during line maintenance will ensure that some inbreeding occurs. Clonal parents will, of course, remain unchanged and highly heterozygous.
  • numbers of parental lines or clones that enter a synthetic vary widely. In practice, numbers of parental lines range from 10 to several hundred, with 100-200 being the average. Broad based synthetics formed from 100 or more clones would be expected to be more stable during seed multiplication than narrow based synthetics.
  • Pedigreed varieties A pedigreed variety is a superior genotype developed from selection of individual plants out of a segregating population followed by propagation and seed increase of self-pollinated offspring and careful testing of the genotype over several generations. This is an open pollinated method that works well with naturally self-pollinating species. This method can be used in combination with mass selection in variety development. Variations in pedigree and mass selection in combination are the most common methods for generating varieties in self-pollinated crops.
  • Hybrids A hybrid is an individual plant resulting from a cross between parents of differing genotypes. Commercial hybrids are now used extensively in many crops, including corn (maize), sorghum, sugar beet, sunflower and broccoli. Hybrids can be formed in a number of different ways, including by crossing two parents directly (single cross hybrids), by crossing a single cross hybrid with another parent (three-way or triple cross hybrids), or by crossing two different hybrids (four-way or double cross hybrids).
  • hybrids most individuals in an out breeding (i.e., open-pollinated) population are hybrids, but the term is usually reserved for cases in which the parents are individuals whose genomes are sufficiently distinct for them to be recognized as different species or subspecies.
  • Hybrids may be fertile or sterile depending on qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the genomes of the two parents.
  • Heterosis, or hybrid vigor is usually associated with increased heterozygosity that results in increased vigor of growth, survival, and fertility of hybrids as compared with the parental lines that were used to form the hybrid. Maximum heterosis is usually achieved by crossing two genetically different, highly inbred lines.
  • TILLING Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes
  • Breeding schemes of the present disclosure can include crosses with TILLING® plant lines.
  • TILLING® is a method in molecular biology that allows directed identification of mutations in a specific gene. TILLING® was introduced in 2000, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . TILLING® has since been used as a reverse genetics method in other organisms such as zebrafish, corn, wheat, rice, soybean, tomato and lettuce.
  • the method combines a standard and efficient technique of mutagenesis with a chemical mutagen (e.g., Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)) with a sensitive DNA screening-technique that identifies single base mutations (also called point mutations) in a target gene.
  • EcoTILLING is a method that uses TILLING® techniques to look for natural mutations in individuals, usually for population genetics analysis (see Comai, et al., 2003 The Plant Journal 37, 778-786; Gilchrist et al. 2006 Mol. Ecol. 15, 1367-1378; Mejlhede et al. 2006 Plant Breeding 125, 461-467; Nieto et al.
  • DEcoTILLING is a modification of TILLING® and EcoTILLING which uses an inexpensive method to identify fragments (Garvin et al., 2007, DEco-TILLING: An inexpensive method for SNP discovery that reduces ascertainment bias. Molecular Ecology Notes 7, 735-746). More detailed description on methods and compositions on TILLING® can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,075, US 2004/0053236 A1, WO 2005/055704, and WO 2005/048692, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
  • TILLING® can also be utilized for plants of the Cannabis genus including hemp plants.
  • the breeding methods of the present disclosure include breeding with one or more TILLING plant lines with one or more identified mutations.
  • Breeding and selection schemes of the present disclosure can include crosses with plant lines that have undergone genome editing.
  • the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified using any gene and/or genome editing tool, including, but not limited to: ZFNs, TALENS, CRISPR, and Mega nuclease technologies.
  • any gene and/or genome editing tool including, but not limited to: ZFNs, TALENS, CRISPR, and Mega nuclease technologies.
  • persons having skill in the art will recognize that the breeding methods of the present disclosure are compatible with many other gene editing technologies.
  • the present disclosure teaches gene-editing technologies can be applied for a single locus conversion, for example, conferring hemp plant with herbicide resistance.
  • the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion is an artificially mutated gene or nucleotide sequence that has been modified through the use of breeding techniques taught herein.
  • the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through Zinc Finger Nucleases.
  • Three variants of the ZFN technology are recognized in plant breeding (with applications ranging from producing single mutations or short deletions/insertions in the case of ZFN-1 and -2 techniques up to targeted introduction of new genes in the case of the ZFN-3 technique); 1) ZFN-1: Genes encoding ZFNs are delivered to plant cells without a repair template. The ZFNs bind to the plant DNA and generate site specific double-strand breaks (DSBs).
  • ZFN-2 Genes encoding ZFNs are delivered to plant cells along with a repair template homologous to the targeted area, spanning a few kilo base pairs. The ZFNs bind to the plant DNA and generate site-specific DSBs. Natural gene repair mechanisms generate site-specific point mutations e.g.
  • ZFN-3 Genes encoding ZFNs are delivered to plant cells along with a stretch of DNA which can be several kilo base pairs long and the ends of which are homologous to the DNA sequences flanking the cleavage site. As a result, the DNA stretch is inserted into the plant genome in a site-specific manner.
  • the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through Transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs).
  • TALENS are polypeptides with repeat polypeptide arms capable of recognizing and binding to specific nucleic acid regions. By engineering the polypeptide arms to recognize selected target sequences, the TAL nucleases can be used to direct double stranded DNA breaks to specific genomic regions. These breaks can then be repaired via recombination to edit, delete, insert, or otherwise modify the DNA of a host organism.
  • TALENSs are used alone for gene editing (e.g., for the deletion or disruption of a gene).
  • TALs are used in conjunction with donor sequences and/or other recombination factor proteins that will assist in the Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process to replace the targeted DNA region.
  • NHEJ Non-homologous end joining
  • the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) or CRISPR-associated (Cas) gene editing tools.
  • CRISPR proteins were originally discovered as bacterial adaptive immunity systems which protected bacteria against viral and plasmid invasion. There are at least three main CRISPR system types (Type I, II, and III) and at least 10 distinct subtypes (Makarova, K. S., et. al., Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 May 9; 9(6):467-477).
  • Type I and III systems use Cas protein complexes and short guide polynucleotide sequences to target selected DNA regions.
  • Type II systems rely on a single protein (e.g.
  • the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through meganucleases.
  • meganucleases are engineered endonucleases capable of targeting selected DNA sequences and inducing DNA breaks.
  • new meganucleases targeting specific regions are developed through recombinant techniques which combine the DNA binding motifs from various other identified nucleases.
  • new meganucleases are created through semi-rational mutational analysis, which attempts to modify the structure of existing binding domains to obtain specificity for additional sequences.
  • Hemp plants of the present disclosure can be further modified by introducing one or more transgenes which when expressed lead to desired phenotypes.
  • the most common method for the introduction of new genetic material into a plant genome involves the use of living cells of the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens to literally inject a piece of DNA, called transfer or T-DNA, into individual plant cells (usually following wounding of the tissue) where it is targeted to the plant nucleus for chromosomal integration.
  • transfer or T-DNA transfer
  • Agrobacterium -mediated plant transformation involves as a first step the placement of DNA fragments cloned on plasmids into living Agrobacterium cells, which are then subsequently used for transformation into individual plant cells.
  • Agrobacterium -mediated plant transformation is thus an indirect plant transformation method.
  • Methods of Agrobacterium -mediated plant transformation that involve using vectors with no T-DNA are also well known to those skilled in the art and can have applicability in the present disclosure. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,554, which utilizes P-DNA instead of T-DNA in the transformation vector.
  • a third direct method uses fibrous forms of metal or ceramic consisting of sharp, porous or hollow needle-like projections that literally impale the cells, and also the nuclear envelope of cells.
  • silicon carbide and aluminum borate whiskers have been used for plant transformation (Mizuno et al., 2004; Petolino et al., 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,523 US Application 20040197909) and also for bacterial and animal transformation (Kaepler et al., 1992; Raloff, 1990; Wang, 1995). There are other methods reported, and undoubtedly, additional methods will be developed.
  • a selection method For efficient plant transformation, a selection method must be employed such that whole plants are regenerated from a single transformed cell and every cell of the transformed plant carries the DNA of interest.
  • These methods can employ positive selection, whereby a foreign gene is supplied to a plant cell that allows it to utilize a substrate present in the medium that it otherwise could not use, such as mannose or xylose (for example, refer U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,767,378; 5,994,629).
  • negative selection is used because it is more efficient, utilizing selective agents such as herbicides or antibiotics that either kill or inhibit the growth of nontransformed plant cells and reducing the possibility of chimeras. Resistance genes that are effective against negative selective agents are provided on the introduced foreign DNA used for the plant transformation.
  • nptII neomycin phosphotransferase
  • herbicides and herbicide resistance genes have been used for transformation purposes, including the bar gene, which confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (White et al., Nucl Acids Res 18: 1062 (1990), Spencer et al., Theor Appl Genet 79: 625-631 (1990), U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,795,855, 5,378,824 and 6,107,549).
  • the dhfr gene which confers resistance to the anticancer agent methotrexate, has been used for selection (Bourouis et al., EMBO J. 2(7): 1099-1104 (1983).
  • Genes can be introduced in a site directed fashion using homologous recombination. Homologous recombination permits site specific modifications in endogenous genes and thus inherited or acquired mutations may be corrected, and/or novel alterations may be engineered into the genome. Homologous recombination and site-directed integration in plants are discussed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,451,513, 5,501,967 and 5,527,695.
  • Transgenic plants can now be produced by a variety of different transformation methods including, but not limited to, electroporation; microinjection; microprojectile bombardment, also known as particle acceleration or biolistic bombardment; viral-mediated transformation; and Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,405,765; 5,472,869; 5,538,877; 5,538,880; 5,550,318; 5,641,664; and 5,736,369; and International Patent Application Publication Nos.
  • Microprojectile bombardment is also known as particle acceleration, biolistic bombardment, and the gene gun (Biolistic® Gene Gun).
  • the gene gun is used to shoot pellets that are coated with genes (e.g., for desired traits) into plant seeds or plant tissues in order to get the plant cells to then express the new genes.
  • the gene gun uses an actual explosive (.22 caliber blank) to propel the material. Compressed air or steam may also be used as the propellant.
  • the Biolistic® Gene Gun was invented in 1983-1984 at Cornell University by John Sanford, Edward Wolf, and Nelson Allen. It and its registered trademark are now owned by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Most species of plants have been transformed using this method.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a naturally occurring bacterium that is capable of inserting its DNA (genetic information) into plants, resulting in a type of injury to the plant known as crown gall. Most species of plants can now be transformed using this method, including cucurbitaceous species.
  • a transgenic plant formed using Agrobacterium transformation methods typically contains a single gene on one chromosome, although multiple copies are possible. Such transgenic plants can be referred to as being hemizygous for the added gene. A more accurate name for such a plant is an independent segregant, because each transformed plant represents a unique T-DNA integration event (U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,953).
  • a transgene locus is generally characterized by the presence and/or absence of the transgene.
  • a heterozygous genotype in which one allele corresponds to the absence of the transgene is also designated hemizygous (U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,437).
  • Non-limiting examples of methods for transforming Cannabis plants and Cannabis tissue culture methods are described in Zweger (The Biotechnology of Cannabis sativa , April 2009); MacKinnon (Genetic transformation of Cannabis sativa Linn: a multipurpose fiber crop, doctoral thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland, 2003), MacKinnon et al. (Progress towards transformation of fiber hemp, Scottish Crop Research, 2000), and US 20120311744, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • the transformation can be physical, chemical and/or biological.
  • herbicide resistance genes are known and may be employed with the invention.
  • a non-limiting example is a gene conferring resistance to a herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem such as imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides.
  • imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides are acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides that prevent the formation of branched chain amino acids
  • exemplary genes in this category code for ALS and AHAS enzymes as described, for example, by Lee et al., EMBO J., 7:1241, 1988; Gleen et al., Plant Molec.
  • a gene may be employed to confer resistance to the exemplary sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron.
  • glyphosate resistance conferred by mutant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and aroA genes, respectively
  • EPSPS 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
  • PAT phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
  • bar Streptomyces hygroscopicus phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
  • Non-limiting examples of EPSPS transformation events conferring glyphosate resistance are provided by U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,040,497 and 7,632,985.
  • the MON89788 event disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,985 in particular is beneficial in conferring glyphosate tolerance in combination with an increase in average yield relative to prior events.
  • a DNA molecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCC Accession No. 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai.
  • a hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene from E. coli that confers resistance to glyphosate in tobacco callus and plants is described in Penaloza-Vazquez et al., Plant Cell Reports, 14:482, 1995.
  • nucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetase genes that confer resistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin.
  • the nucleotide sequence of a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene is provided in European Patent Application Publication No. EP0242246 to Leemans et al.
  • DeGreef et al. Biotechnology, 7:61, 1989) describe the production of transgenic plants that express chimeric bar genes coding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase activity.
  • genes conferring resistance to a phenoxy class herbicide haloxyfop and a cyclohexanedione class herbicide sethoxydim are the Acct-S1, Acct-S2 and Acct-S3 genes described by Marshall et al., ( Theor. Appl. Genet., 83:435, 1992).
  • a gene may confer resistance to other exemplary phenoxy class herbicides that include, but are not limited to, quizalofop-p-ethyl and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
  • Genes are also known that confer resistance to herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis such as, for example, triazine herbicides (psbA and gs+ genes) and benzonitrile herbicides (nitrilase gene).
  • a gene may confer resistance to the exemplary benzonitrile herbicide bromoxynil.
  • Przibila et al. Plant Cell, 3:169, 1991
  • Nucleotide sequences for nitrilase genes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, and DNA molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC Accession Nos.
  • Protoporphyrinogen oxidase is the target of the PPO-inhibitor class of herbicides; a PPO-inhibitor resistant PPO gene was recently identified in Amaranthus tuberculatus (Patzoldt et al., PNAS, 103(33):12329, 2006).
  • the herbicide methyl viologen inhibits CO 2 assimilation.
  • Foyer et al. Plant Physiol., 109:1047, 1995
  • Siminszky Phytochemistry Reviews, 5:445, 2006 describes plant cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification of multiple, chemically unrelated classes of herbicides. Modified bacterial genes have been successfully demonstrated to confer resistance to atrazine, a herbicide that binds to the plastoquinone-binding membrane protein Q B in photosystem II to inhibit electron transport. See, for example, studies by Cheung et al. (PNAS, 85:391, 1988), describing tobacco plants expressing the chloroplast psbA gene from an atrazine-resistant biotype of Amaranthus hybridus fused to the regulatory sequences of a nuclear gene, and Wang et al. ( Plant Biotech. 1, 3:475, 2005), describing transgenic alfalfa, Arabidopsis , and tobacco plants expressing the atzA gene from Pseudomonas sp. that were able to detoxify atrazine.
  • Bayley et al. ( Theor. Appl. Genet., 83:645, 1992) describe the creation of 2,4-D-resistant transgenic tobacco and cotton plants using the 2,4-D monooxygenase gene tfdA from Alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pJP5.
  • U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20030135879 describes the isolation of a gene for dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) from Psuedmonas maltophilia that is involved in the conversion of dicamba to a non-toxic 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid and thus may be used for producing plants tolerant to this herbicide.
  • DMO dicamba monooxygenase
  • Plant defenses are often activated by specific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene (R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen.
  • a plant line can be transformed with a cloned resistance gene to engineer plants that are resistant to specific pathogen strains. See, for example Jones et al. ( Science, 266:789-793, 1994) (cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium flavum ); Martin et al. ( Science, 262:1432-1436, 1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato); and Mindrinos et al. ( Cell, 78(6):1089-1099, 1994) ( Arabidopsis RPS2 gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae ).
  • a viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom may also be used for viral disease resistance.
  • the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plant cells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease development effected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived and related viruses. See Beachy et al. ( Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 28:451, 1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upon transformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etch virus, tobacco rattle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus.
  • a virus-specific antibody may also be used. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al. ( Nature, 366:469-472, 1993), who show that transgenic plants expressing recombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack. Virus resistance has also been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,617,496; 6,608,241; 6,015,940; 6,013,864; 5,850,023 and 5,304,730.
  • Additional means of inducing whole-plant resistance to a pathogen include modulation of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or pathogenesis related (PR) genes, for example genes homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana NIM1/NPR1/SAI1, and/or by increasing salicylic acid production (Ryals et al., Plant Cell, 8:1809-1819, 1996).
  • SAR systemic acquired resistance
  • PR pathogenesis related
  • Nematode resistance has been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,992, and bacterial disease resistance has been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,671.
  • an insect resistance gene includes a Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof, or a synthetic polypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al. ( Gene, 48(1):109-118, 1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus thuringiensis ⁇ -endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding 6-endotoxin genes can be purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., for example, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998. Another example is a lectin. See, for example, Van Damme et al., ( Plant Molec.
  • a vitamin-binding protein may also be used, such as, for example, avidin. See PCT Application No. US93/06487, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application teaches the use of avidin and avidin homologues as larvicides against insect pests.
  • Yet another insect resistance gene is an enzyme inhibitor, for example, protease, proteinase, or amylase inhibitors.
  • enzyme inhibitor for example, protease, proteinase, or amylase inhibitors.
  • Abe et al. I Biol. Chem., 262:16793-16797, 1987
  • Linthorst et al. Plant Molec. Biol., 21:985-992, 1993
  • nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor I and Sumitani et al. (Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 57:1243-1248, 1993) describing the nucleotide sequence of a Streptomyces nitrosporeus ⁇ -amylase inhibitor.
  • An insect-specific hormone or pheromone may also be used. See, for example, the disclosure by Hammock et al. ( Nature, 344:458-461, 1990) of baculovirus expression of cloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone; Gade and Goldsworthy (Eds. Physiological System in Insects, Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, Mass., 2007), describing allostatins and their potential use in pest control; and Palli et al. ( Vitam. Horm., 73:59-100, 2005), disclosing use of ecdysteroid and ecdysteroid receptor in agriculture.
  • the diuretic hormone receptor (DHR) was identified in Price et al. ( Insect Mol. Biol., 13:469-480, 2004) as another potential candidate target of insecticides.
  • Still other examples include an insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom and a developmental-arrestive protein. See Taylor et al. (Seventh Int'l Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Edinburgh, Scotland, Abstract W97, 1994), who described enzymatic inactivation in transgenic tobacco via production of single-chain antibody fragments. Numerous other examples of insect resistance have been described. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • Abiotic stress includes dehydration or other osmotic stress, salinity, high or low light intensity, high or low temperatures, submergence, exposure to heavy metals, and oxidative stress.
  • Delta-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (PSCS) from mothbean has been used to provide protection against general osmotic stress.
  • Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mt1D) from E. coli has been used to provide protection against drought and salinity.
  • Choline oxidase codA from Arthrobactor globiformis
  • E. coli choline dehydrogenase (betA) provides protection against salt.
  • omega-3-fatty acid desaturase fad7
  • fad7 omega-3-fatty acid desaturase
  • Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and levan sucrase yeast and Bacillus subtilis , respectively, can provide protection against drought (summarized from Annex II Genetic Engineering for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, Consultative Group On International Agricultural Research Technical Advisory Committee).
  • Overexpression of superoxide dismutase can be used to protect against superoxides, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,878.
  • RNA and/or protein levels are decreased RNA and/or protein levels.
  • the decreased RNA and/or protein levels may be achieved through RNAi methods, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,559.
  • Another trait that may find use with the hemp variety of the invention is a sequence which allows for site-specific recombination.
  • sequences include the FRT sequence used with the FLP recombinase (Zhu and Sadowski, J. Biol. Chem., 270:23044-23054, 1995) and the LOX sequence used with CRE recombinase (Sauer, Mol. Cell. Biol., 7:2087-2096, 1987).
  • the recombinase genes can be encoded at any location within the genome of the hemp plant and are active in the hemizygous state.
  • hemp plants may be made more tolerant to or more easily transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens .
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens For example, expression of p53 and iap, two baculovirus cell-death suppressor genes, inhibited tissue necrosis and DNA cleavage. Additional targets may include plant-encoded proteins that interact with the Agrobacterium Vir genes; enzymes involved in plant cell wall formation; and histones, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (reviewed in Gelvin, Microbiology & Mol. Biol. Reviews, 67:16-37, 2003).
  • certain embodiments may modify the amounts or levels of other compounds.
  • the amount or composition of antioxidants can be altered. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,787,618 and 7,154,029 and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 00/68393, which disclose the manipulation of antioxidant levels, and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 03/082899, which discloses the manipulation of an antioxidant biosynthetic pathway.
  • seed amino acid content may be manipulated.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,016 and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 99/40209 disclose the alteration of the amino acid compositions of seeds.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,080,913 and 6,127,600 disclose methods of increasing accumulation of essential amino acids in seeds.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,223 describes synthetic storage proteins of which the levels of essential amino acids can be manipulated.
  • International Patent Application Publication No. WO 99/29882 discloses methods for altering amino acid content of proteins.
  • International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/20133 describes proteins with enhanced levels of essential amino acids.
  • International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/56935 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,346,403; 6,441,274; and 6,664,445 disclose plant amino acid biosynthetic enzymes.
  • International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/45458 describes synthetic seed proteins having a higher percentage of essential amino acids than wild-type.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,436 discloses plants comprising a higher content of sulfur-containing amino acids; U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,801 discloses plants comprising a high threonine content; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,885,802 and 5,912,414 disclose plants comprising a high methionine content; U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,389 discloses plants comprising a high lysine content; U.S. Pat. No. 6,459,019 discloses plants comprising an increased lysine and threonine content; International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/42831 discloses plants comprising a high lysine content; International Patent Application Publication No. WO 96/01905 discloses plants comprising a high threonine content; and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 95/15392 discloses plants comprising a high lysine content.
  • the present disclosure provides for extracts and compositions from the hemp plants of the present disclosure.
  • Cannabis extracts or products or the present disclosure include:
  • Solvent reduced oils also sometimes known as oil, BHO, CO 2 extract, among other names.
  • This type of extract is made by soaking plant material in a chemical solvent capable of solubilizing one or more chemical constituents of the plant (e.g., cannabinoids and/or terpenes). After separating the solvent from plant material, the solvent can be boiled or evaporated off, leaving the extract “oil” behind.
  • Butane Hash Oil is produced by passing butane over Cannabis and then letting the butane evaporate.
  • Rick Simpson Oil is produced through isopropyl, or ethanol extraction of Cannabis . The resulting substance is a wax like golden brown paste.
  • Another common extraction solvent for creating Cannabis oil is CO 2 . Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with CO 2 extraction techniques and devices, including those disclosed in US 20160279183, US 2015/01505455, U.S. Pat. No. 9,730,911, and US 2018/0000857.
  • Heat extractions The present disclosure also teaches extracts produced via heat-based extraction methods, such as those disclosed in US Patent Application Nos. US 2018/0078874, US 2019/0151771, US 2019/0076753, and U.S. Pat. No. 10,159,908, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
  • the plants of the present disclosure can be extracted by exposing tissue to a hot air gas stream that volatizes cannabinoids and/or other secondary metabolites of the plant, which are then condensed and recovered in tanks.
  • the present disclosure teaches exposing plants, plant parts or plant cells to vaporizing heat.
  • vaporizing heat refers to heat sufficient to volatize one or more terpene on cannabinoid components of said plant, plant part or plant cell.
  • the boiling points for each of the cannabinoid and terpene constituents of a hemp plant are well known or readily ascertainable.
  • vaporizing heat comprises 150° F., 155° F., 160° F., 165° F., 170° F., 175° F., 180° F., 185° F., 190° F., 195° F., 200° F., 205° F., 210° F., 215° F., 220° F., 225° F., 230° F., 235° F., 240° F., 245° F., 250° F., 255° F., 260° F., 265° F., 270° F., 275° F., 280° F., 285° F., 290° F., 295° F., 300° F., 305° F., 310° F., 315° F., 320° F., 325° F., 330° F., 335° F., 340° F., 345° F., or 350° F., and all ranges and
  • Tinctures are alcoholic extracts of Cannabis . These are usually made by mixing Cannabis material with high proof ethanol and separating out plant material. Within the dietary supplement industry “tincture” may also describe an oil dilution of hemp extract.
  • the specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure is extracted via methods that preserve the cannabinoid and terpenes. In other embodiments, said methods can be used with any Cannabis plants.
  • the extracts of the present disclosure are designed to produce products for human or animal consumption via inhalation (via combustion, vaporization and nebulization), buccal absorption within the mouth, oral administration (e.g., eating/drinking), and topical application delivery methods.
  • the chemical extraction of specialty Cannabis can be accomplished employing polar and non-polar solvents in various phases at varying pressures and temperatures to selectively or comprehensively extract terpenes, cannabinoids and other compounds of flavor, fragrance or pharmacological value for use individually or combination in the formulation of our products.
  • the solvents employed for selective extraction of our cultivars may include water, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, butane, propane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, hexane, and limonene, in combination or series. It is also possible to extract compounds of interest mechanically by sieving the plant parts that produce those compounds. Measuring the plant part, i.e.
  • trichome gland head to be sieved via optical or electron microscopy can aid the selection of the optimal sieve pore size, ranging from 30 to 130 microns, to capture the plant part of interest.
  • the chemical and mechanical extraction methods of the present disclosure can be used to produce products that combine chemical extractions with plant parts containing compounds of interest.
  • the extracts of the present disclosure may also be combined with pure compounds of interest to the extractions, e.g. cannabinoids or terpenes to further enhance or modify the resulting formulation's fragrance, flavor or pharmacology.
  • the present disclosure teaches compositions comprising at least one ingredient extracted from the ‘CW1AS1’ plant.
  • extracts from the hemp lines of the present disclosure are combined with one or more additional compounds.
  • extracts of the present disclosure such as whole hemp extracts, or a purified cannabinoid from said hemp plant, can be combined with another cannabinoid or terpene to produce a composition.
  • compositions of the present disclosure encompass many forms.
  • the present disclosure provides CBD oils and tinctures.
  • the present disclosure provides CBD capsules.
  • the present disclosure provides CBD infused edibles, such as gummies, gum, lollipops, taffy, cookies, brownies, ice cream, chocolate, jerky, animal dry and wet foods, animal treats, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides for cosmetics comprising CBD, such as lip stick, balms, creams, shampoo, conditioners, lotions, rubbing oils, lubricants, Etc.
  • the CBD oils comprise extracts from ‘CW1AS1’, such as solvent extracted oils, heat extracted oils.
  • the capsules comprise extracts from ‘CW1AS1.’
  • the present disclosure teaches hemp commodity products, including processed hemp inflorescences, fiber, hemp extract, cannabinoids, and terpenes.
  • processed hemp inflorescences means inflorescences from a hemp plant that have been harvested and dried to a moisture content of less than 20% wt./wt.
  • the processed hemp inflorescences are ground or broken up in smaller pieces.
  • a deposit of the ‘CW1AS1’ hemp cultivar is maintained by CWB Holdings, Inc., 1720 S Bellaire St. Suite 600, Denver, Colo. 80222, USA.
  • CWB Holdings, Inc. 1720 S Bellaire St. Suite 600, Denver, Colo. 80222, USA.
  • a sample of 2500 seeds of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety of this disclosure has been deposited with an International Depositary Authority as established under the Budapest Treaty according to 37 CFR 1.803(a)(1), at the National Collections of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB), Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, Scotland.
  • NCIMB National Collections of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria
  • the ‘CW1AS1’ seeds were deposited as NCIMB 43291 on Nov. 23, 2018.
  • a method for producing a hemp seed comprising a) selfing the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8, and b) harvesting the resultant hemp seed.
  • a method for producing a hemp seed comprising crossing the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 with a second, distinct plant.
  • a method of producing a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ comprising: a) crossing the plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8, with itself or a second plant to produce progeny seed; b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a second plant to produce further progeny seed; and c) repeating steps (a) and (b) with sufficient inbreeding until a seed of an hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1’ is produced.
  • a method for producing nucleic acids comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of any one of embodiments 1-15.
  • hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 comprising a single locus conversion and otherwise essentially all of the characteristics of the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 when grown in the same environmental conditions.
  • a method of producing a cannabinoid extract comprising the steps a) contacting the plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 with a solvent, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • a method for producing a new hemp plant comprising: propagating a vegetative cutting from a stock hemp plant, thereby producing the new hemp plant; wherein the stock hemp plant is a product of a single cross between: a parental line plant with another plant, or with itself; wherein the parental line has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • a method for producing a new hemp plant comprising: propagating a vegetative cutting from a stock hemp plant, thereby producing the new hemp plant; wherein the stock hemp plant is a product of applying a plant breeding technique to a parental line plant; wherein the parental line has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.

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Abstract

The present disclosure provides a new and distinct hemp cultivar designated ‘CW1AS1’. The present disclosure relates to seeds of the hemp plant ‘CW1AS1,’ to plants and parts of the hemp plant ‘CW1AS1,’ and to methods for producing a hemp plant by crossing the hemp plant ‘CW1AS1’ with itself or other Cannabis plants. The disclosure further relates to the morphological and physiological characteristics of the new and distinct hemp cultivar and its uses.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/683,429, filed Nov. 14, 2019, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,653,085, which claims priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/783,782 filed on Dec. 21, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
    • FIELD
  • The disclosure relates to hemp varieties, hemp extracts, CBD-containing compositions, and methods of producing and using the same.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles. Hemp, also known as industrial hemp, is a type of Cannabis plant grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. In the United States, Cannabis is classified as hemp if it accumulates no more than three-tenths of one percent (i.e., 0.3%) concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at harvest maturity. Hemp plants can also accumulate high levels of cannabidiol (CBD), which is used in a variety of consumer goods, including food, drinks, dietary supplements and cosmetics.
  • Hemp production however, remains challenging for farmers. The presence of a single male flower in a hemp field can ruin an entire crop by fertilizing the valuable female flowers. Large scale hemp grows also requires hemp varieties with uniform grows to avoid early or late maturation of a significant portion of the crop. Feminized seeds for high CBD producing lines with resistance to common pests are highly desirable, but not yet widely available.
  • There remains a need for new hemp varieties to meet the growing demand for fiber and CBD-based products.
    • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • This disclosure relates to a new and distinctive hemp cultivar designated as ‘CW1AS1’. In some embodiments, the ‘CW1AS1’ is a Cannabis sativa L. plant.
  • The inventors reproduced the ‘CW1AS1’ cultivar by utilizing strategic self-fertilizations of the female flowers with pollen derived from the induced male flowers within the proprietary female parent ‘1AC’ cultivar. The ‘CW1AS1’ plant has been produced by a self-fertilization process that allows for development of ‘CW1AS1’ seeds at the inventors' grow facilities. The ‘CW1AS1’ cultivar has also been asexually reproduced via vegetative stem cuttings at the inventors' greenhouses in Wray, Colo. on August 2016.
  • The present disclosure provides a new and distinctive hemp variety designated as ‘CW1AS1’. The present disclosure relates to the seeds of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’, to the plants or parts of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’, to the plant cells of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’, to the plants or plant parts or plant cells having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ and to plants or plant parts or plant cells having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of plant cells listed in Tables 1-5, including, but not limited to, as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmental conditions, including when grown side-by-side with a comparison or check Cannabis and/or hemp plant.
  • The present disclosure relates to methods for producing a hemp plant and/or seed, by crossing the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ with itself or another Cannabis and/or hemp plant. A further aspect relates to hybrid hemp plants, and hemp seeds produced by crossing the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ with a Cannabis and/or hemp plant.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure is also directed to a method of producing a cannabinoid extract comprising contacting plants of the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1’ with a solvent or heat, and producing the cannabinoid extract.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein representative seed of the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the plant part is a flower.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant, or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hemp plant of the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant, or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein a representative sample of seed of said variety was deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tissue culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant, plant part or plant cell of the present disclosure, wherein a new plant regenerated from the tissue culture has all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5 when grown under the same environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant regenerated from the tissue culture of the present disclosure, said plant having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the hemp of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant regenerated from the tissue culture, wherein the regenerated plant has all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein a representative sample of seed of said variety was deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method for producing a hemp seed, comprising a) selfing the hemp plant of the present disclosure, and b) harvesting the resultant hemp seed. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp seed produced by the method of the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method for producing a hemp seed comprising crossing the hemp plant of the present disclosure with a second, distinct plant. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches an F1 hemp seed produced by the method of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches an F1 hemp plant, or a part or a plant cell thereof, produced by growing the seed of the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method of producing a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ comprising: a) crossing the plant of the present disclosure, with itself or a second ‘CW1AS1’ plant to produce progeny seed; b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a second ‘CW1AS1’ plant to produce further progeny seed; and c) repeating steps (a) and (b) with sufficient inbreeding until a seed of a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1’ is produced.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method of producing a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1’, further comprising crossing the hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ with a plant of a different genotype to produce seed of a hybrid plant derived from the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1.’
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method for producing nucleic acids, comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant of the present disclosure, comprising a single locus conversion and otherwise essentially all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the hemp plant of the present disclosure when grown in the same environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion confers said plant with herbicide resistance. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion is an artificially mutated gene or nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion is a gene that has been modified through the use of breeding techniques taught in the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a cultivar of hemp designated ‘CW1AS1’ as described and detailed in the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method of producing a cannabinoid extract, said method comprising the steps a) contacting the plant of the present disclosure with a solvent or heat, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a dry, non-viable plant part, wherein representative seed of hemp plants producing said dry plant parts has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches an assemblage of dry, non-viable female inflorescences from a hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ wherein representative seed the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that a dry, non-viable plant part is an inflorescence.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant of the present disclosure is asexually reproduced. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a hemp plant of the present disclosure is capable of producing an asexual clone of said hemp plant. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the asexual clone is capable of producing said hemp plant taught in the present disclosure.
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The accompanying photographs depict characteristics of the new ‘CW1AS1’ plants as nearly true as possible reproductions. The overall appearance of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values described in the detailed botanical description of Tables 1-5.
  • FIG. 1A-1B shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at the seedling stage at week 1 (FIG. 1A) and at week 2 (FIG. 1B) as shown from above.
  • FIG. 2 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at the early vegetative growth stage at weeks 2-3 with lateral branches and further intermodal growth as shown from above.
  • FIG. 3 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant during the mid-vegetative growth stage at weeks 5-6 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 4 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants during the late vegetative growth stage at weeks 8-9 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 5 shows an overall view of stem nodes of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at the late vegetative growth stage at weeks 8-9 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 6 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants close to the vegetative maturity at weeks 12-13 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 7 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants close to the vegetative maturity at weeks 12-13 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 8 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at the early flowering stage at weeks 16-17 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 9 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at the early flowering stage as at weeks 16-17 shown from the side.
  • FIG. 10 shows another overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at the early flowering stage as at weeks 16-17 shown from the side.
  • FIG. 11 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with multiple lateral axes dominance (otherwise known as lacking main axis dominance) close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 12 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with main axis dominance close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 13 shows another overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with main axis dominance close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 14 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 15 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant with purple coloration in leaves emerging from inflorescences close to floral maturity at weeks 20-21 as shown from above.
  • FIG. 16 shows an overall view of the ‘CW1AS1’ plants at harvest maturity at 20-23 weeks as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 17 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at harvest maturity at 20-23 weeks as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 18 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at harvest maturity at 20-23 weeks as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 19 shows a close view of an industrial hemp internode with emerging female inflorescences. Bract, stipule, and stigmas are labelled. The bract is the trichomated leaf structure enveloping the ovule. The stigma is the sticky antennae-like structure of the female inflorescence for catching pollen, which emerges from the bract opening. The stipule is a small, spike-like leaflet emerging under the bract from the peduncle.
  • FIG. 20 shows a top view of the ‘CW1AS1’ exhibiting leaf marbling phenotype.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • All publications, patents and patent applications, including any drawings and appendices, are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
  • The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present disclosure. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed disclosures, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
    • Definitions
  • As used herein, the verb “comprise” is used in this description and in the claims and its conjugations are used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded.
  • As used herein, the term “about” refers to plus or minus 10% of the referenced number, unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident by the context (such as when a range would exceed 100% of a possible value or fall below 0% of a possible value). For example, reference to an absolute content of a particular cannabinoid of “about 1%” means that that cannabinoid can be present at any amount ranging from 0.9% to 1.1% content by weight.
  • The disclosure provides Cannabis hemp plants. As used herein, the term “plant” refers to plants in the genus of Cannabis and plants derived thereof. Such as Cannabis plants produced via asexual reproduction, tissue culture, and via seed production.
  • The disclosure provides plant parts. As used herein, the term “plant part” refers to any part of a plant including but not limited to the embryo, shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, flower, inflorescence, bud, ovule, bract, trichome, branch, petiole, internode, bark, pubescence, tiller, rhizome, frond, blade, ovule, pollen, stamen, and the like. The two main parts of plants grown in some sort of media, such as soil or vermiculite, are often referred to as the “above-ground” part, also often referred to as the “shoots”, and the “below-ground” part, also often referred to as the “roots”. Plant parts may also include certain extracts such as kief or hash, which include Cannabis plant trichomes or glands. In some embodiments, plant part should also be interpreted as referring to individual cells from the plant.
  • As used herein, the term “plant cell” refers to any totipotent plant cell from a Cannabis plant. Plant cells of the present disclosure include cells from a Cannabis plant shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, inflorescence, bud, ovule, bract, trichome, petiole, internode. In some embodiments, the disclosed plant cell is from a Cannabis trichome.
  • The term “a” or “an” refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “a gene” refers to one or more genes or at least one gene. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” are used interchangeably herein. In addition, reference to “an element” by the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements.
  • The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature defines rank, in the nomenclatural sense, as the level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g., all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily). While somewhat arbitrary, there are seven main ranks defined by the international nomenclature codes: kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, and species. Further taxonomic hierarchies used in this disclosure are described below.
  • The disclosure provides plant cultivars. As used herein, the term “cultivar” means a group of similar plants that by structural features and performance (i.e., morphological and physiological characteristics) can be identified from other varieties within the same species. Furthermore, the term “cultivar” variously refers to a variety, strain or race of plant that has been produced by horticultural or agronomic techniques and is not normally found in wild populations. The terms cultivar, variety, strain and race are often used interchangeably by plant breeders, agronomists and farmers.
  • The term “variety” as used herein has identical meaning to the corresponding definition in the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV treaty), of Dec. 2, 1961, as Revised at Geneva on Nov. 10, 1972, on Oct. 23, 1978, and on Mar. 19, 1991. Thus, “variety” means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which grouping, irrespective of whether the conditions for the grant of a breeder's right are fully met, can be i) defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of genotypes, ii) distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least one of the said characteristics and iii) considered as a unit with regard to its suitability for being propagated unchanged.
  • The disclosure provides methods for obtaining plant lines. As used herein, the term “line” is used broadly to include, but is not limited to, a group of plants vegetatively propagated from a single parent plant, via tissue culture techniques or a group of inbred plants which are genetically very similar due to descent from a common parent(s) (e.g., by selfing of a genetically stable cultivar. A plant is said to “belong” to a particular line if it (a) is a primary transformant (T0) plant regenerated from material of that line; (b) has a pedigree comprised of a T0 plant of that line; or (c) is genetically very similar due to common ancestry (e.g., via inbreeding or selfing). In this context, the term “pedigree” denotes the lineage of a plant, e.g. in terms of the sexual crosses affected such that a gene or a combination of genes, in heterozygous (hemizygous) or homozygous condition, imparts a desired trait to the plant.
  • As used herein, the term “inbreeding” refers to the production of offspring via the mating between relatives. The plants resulting from the inbreeding process are referred to herein as “inbred plants” or “inbreds.”
  • The term single allele converted plant as used herein refers to those plants that are developed by a plant breeding technique called backcrossing wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of an inbred are recovered in addition to the single allele transferred into the inbred via the backcrossing technique.
  • The disclosure provides samples. As used herein, the term “sample” includes a sample from a plant, a plant part, a plant cell, or from a transmission vector, or a soil, water or air sample.
  • The disclosure provides offspring. As used herein, the term “offspring” refers to any plant resulting as progeny from a vegetative or sexual reproduction from one or more parent plants or descendants thereof. For instance, an offspring plant may be obtained by cloning or selfing of a parent plant or by crossing two parent plants and include selfings as well as the F1 or F2 or still further generations. An F1 is a first-generation offspring produced from parents at least one of which is used for the first time as donor of a trait, while offspring of second generation (F2) or subsequent generations (F3, F4, etc.) are specimens produced from selfings of F1's, F2's etc. An F1 may thus be (and usually is) a hybrid resulting from a cross between two true breeding parents (true-breeding is homozygous for a trait), while an F2 may be (and usually is) an offspring resulting from self-pollination of said F1 hybrids.
  • The disclosure provides methods for crossing a first plant with a second plant. As used herein, the term “cross”, “crossing”, “cross pollination” or “cross-breeding” refer to the process by which the pollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule (stigma) of a flower on another plant. Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny, for example a first generation hybrid (F1), back to one of the parents of the hybrid progeny. Backcrossing can be used to introduce one or more single locus conversions from one genetic background into another.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for obtaining plant genotypes. As used herein, the term “genotype” refers to the genetic makeup of an individual cell, cell culture, tissue, organism (e.g., a plant), or group of organisms.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides homozygotes. As used herein, the term “homozygote” refers to an individual cell or plant having the same alleles at one or more loci.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides homozygous plants. As used herein, the term “homozygous” refers to the presence of identical alleles at one or more loci in homologous chromosomal segments.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides hemizygotes. As used herein, the term “hemizygotes” or “hemizygous” refers to a cell, tissue, organism or plant in which a gene is present only once in a genotype, as a gene in a haploid cell or organism, a sex-linked gene in the heterogametic sex, or a gene in a segment of chromosome in a diploid cell or organism where its partner segment has been deleted.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides heterozygotes. As used herein, the terms “heterozygote” and “heterozygous” refer to a diploid or polyploid individual cell or plant having different alleles (forms of a given gene) present at least at one locus. In some embodiments, the cell or organism is heterozygous for the gene of interest that is under control of the synthetic regulatory element.
  • The disclosure provides self-pollination populations. As used herein, the term “self-crossing”, “self-pollinated” or “self-pollination”, “self-fertilized” or “self-fertilization” means the pollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule (stigma) of the same or a different flower on the same plant. In some embodiments, plants of the present disclosure are genetically stable, such that pollination between plants of the same cultivar produces offspring are still considered part of the same cultivar. Thus, in some embodiments, ‘CW1AS1’ is propagated by pollinating several ‘1AC’ female plants with the pollen of one or more ‘1AC’ plants treated to produce a staminate flower. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches Cannabis plants, which are an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. Its leaves are typically palmately compound or digitate, with serrated leaflets. Cannabis normally has imperfect flowers, with staminate “male” and pistillate “female” flowers occurring on separate plants. It is not unusual, however, for individual plants of some Cannabis varieties to separately bear both male and female flowers (i.e., have monoecious plants). Although monoecious plants are often referred to as “hermaphrodites,” true hermaphrodites (which are less common in Cannabis) bear staminate and pistillate structures on individual flowers, whereas monoecious plants bear male and female flowers at different locations on the same plant. In some embodiments, plants of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety have been feminized, and only produce female inflorescences. In some embodiments, seeds of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety produce plants that are greater than 99%, 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%, 94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, or 90% female.
  • As used herein, a “dioecious” plant refers to a plant having either only male flowers (androecious) or female flowers (gynoecious).
  • As used herein, a “monoecious” plant is a plant having both male and female or bisexual flowers, or both female and male or bisexual flowers. Plants bearing separate flowers of both sexes at the same time are called simultaneously or synchronously monoecious. Plants bearing flowers of one sex at one time are called consecutively monoecious.
  • The disclosure provides ovules and pollens of plants. As used herein when discussing plants, the term “ovule” refers to the female gametophyte, whereas the term “pollen” means the male gametophyte.
  • The disclosure provides methods for obtaining plants comprising recombinant genes through transformation. As used herein, the term “transformation” refers to the transfer of nucleic acid (i.e., a nucleotide polymer) into a cell. As used herein, the term “genetic transformation” refers to the transfer and incorporation of DNA, especially recombinant DNA, into a cell.
  • The disclosure provides transformants comprising recombinant genes. As used herein, the term “transformant” refers to a cell, tissue or organism that has undergone transformation. The original transformant is designated as “T0.” Selfing the T0 produces a first transformed generation designated as “F1” or “T1.”
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure refers to inflorescences from a Cannabis plant comprising particular cannabinoid and terpene contents (i.e., inflorescences comprising no more than 0.3% THC). In some embodiments, inflorescences, such as dried inflorescences, described as having cannabinoid content are female inflorescences. In some embodiments, the inflorescences are grown “sinsemilla,” in the absence of male plants to avoid pollination. Thus in some embodiments, the female inflorescences of the present disclosure are seedless, and in many cases, un-pollinated. The term “inflorescence” and “flower” are used interchangeably throughout this document.
  • Unless otherwise noted, references to cannabinoids in a plant, plant part, extract, or composition of the present disclosure should be understood as references to both the acidic and decarboxylated versions of the compound (e.g., potential THC as determined by the conversion guidelines described in this document, and understood by those skilled in the art). For example, references to high THC contents of a Cannabis plant in this disclosure should be understood as references to the combined THC and THCA content (accounting for weight loss during decarboxylation).
    • Detailed Botanical Description
  • The present disclosure relates to a new and distinct hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar designated as ‘CW1AS1’. Whole-plant hemp extracts from ‘CW1AS1’ contain an assortment of phytocannabinoids (e.g., CBD), terpenes, flavonoids and other minor but valuable hemp compounds that work synergistically to heighten effects of products produced from ‘CW1AS1’. This synergistic effect is sometimes referred to as the “entourage effect.” ‘CW1AS1’ extracts can be used to produce a variety of products, including liquid and capsule forms for oral administration, topical products, cosmetic products, infused beverages, sport products and hemp-infused pet treats.
  • Despite Cannabis being consumed since at least the third millennium BC, complete scientific corroboration for uses of CBD are still in their infancy. Industry reports suggest CBD is used for a variety of health and wellness purposes, including as a sleep aid, coping with daily stress, fighting anxiety, relieving pain, assisting with cognitive function and boosting immune health. Significant research is currently being conducted at a variety of laboratories on the use of CBD as it relates to epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), cancer, autism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-tumor effects and anti-psychotic effects.
  • ‘CW1AS1’ is a selection resulting from self-fertilization of a ‘1AC’ plant that was produced through a series of controlled-crosses using hemp. The primary goal of the breeding program was to develop a new hemp variety with high cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations and low tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) concentrations in its mature female flowers.
  • The new cultivar of ‘CW1AS1’ was developed by self-fertilizing proprietary hemp cultivar, ‘1AC’, by the inventors via plant hormone manipulation techniques at the inventors' grow facilities. The ‘1AC’ parent had been maintained via asexual reproduction. The presently disclosed ‘CW1AS1’ variety, was found to be a uniform first selfed generation. Other differences between the newly disclosed ‘CW1AS1’ and its ‘1AC’ parental line are discussed below.
  • ‘CW1AS1’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions, and the phenotype may vary significantly with variations in environment. The following observations, measurements, and comparisons describe this plant as grown at Wray, C O and Broomfield, Colo., when grown in the greenhouse, nursery or field, unless otherwise noted.
  • Plants for the botanical measurements in the present application are annual plants. In the following description, the color determination is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, Sixth Edition (2015), except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
  • Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with ways of inducing male flowers, including rodelization or colloidal silver treatments. Briefly, rodelization is the process of stressing female plants to induce pollen sac formations. This can be done by allowing unfertilized female flowers to go beyond harvest maturity in flowering conditions, which will trigger the formation of pollen sacs in the plant's last effort to self-fertilize before the end of the life cycle. Another way of triggering the formation pollen in otherwise feminized plants is to spray the feminized plants at the flowering stage with colloidal silver solutions (e.g. >30 ppm). After several sprays, the plants will start forming pollen sacks. Other forms of silver, such as silver nitrate and silver thiosulfate are also effective. Also, hormones such as gibberellins can be used to induce male flowers on female Cannabis plants. Additional methods of inducing male flowers have been known to one of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., methods discussed in Ram and Sett (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1982, 62(4):369-375) and methods discussed in Ram and Jaiswal (Plant, 1972, 105(3):263-266), each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • Breeding History of the Female Parent.
  • The lineage of proprietary female parent ‘1AC’ comprises four generational crossings. The first crossing was made between a parental female from a cutting of Cannabis sativa L. originating in Colorado of unknown parentage (“First Parent Female F0”) with a parental male plant (“First Parent Male F0”) which originated from a feral hemp population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content. Of the resulting progeny, 40 seeds were germinated and developed into 24 female (“F1 Females”) and 16 male (“F1 Males”) plants.
  • For the second crossing, an egg donor from a female clone of Cannabis sativa L. with unknown genealogy (“Second Parent Female”) was crossed to a healthy vigorous F1 Male from the first cross. Of the resulting offspring, twenty seeds were germinated of which 70% were female (“F2 Females”) and 30% were male (“F2 Males”).
  • For the third crossing, a single F2 Female was chosen and crossed with a sibling of First Parent Male F0. Of the resulting progeny, fifty seeds were germinated. Twenty-five seedlings were female (“F3 Females”) and 25 were male (“F3 Males”).
  • The fourth generation was produced by crossing two F3 Females that displayed the most vigor and health. Both F3 Females chosen for the cross were short and squat in stature, had medium to broad leaf structure with tight internodes of about ½ inch, and displayed a 70-75 day flowering maturity after flowering initiated. The F3 Female was chosen as the egg donor (“F3-e”) for the fourth generation. The F3 female was also chosen as the pollen donor (“F3-p”) for the fourth generation. The F3-p female was induced to produce male flowers, thus generating pollen, using heat and erratic photoperiod stress techniques. F3-e was pollinated by F3-p and generated progeny (F4) that were all female with slightly different characteristics. All F4 plants exhibited indica-dominant traits such as medium to broad leaf structure, short squat overall growth habit, and tight internodes with full flower maturity taking roughly 65-70 days after flowering initiated. About 90% of all F4 plants exhibited resistance to pests and diseases and showed great health and vigor throughout the entire lifecycle. Few plants displayed white and/or yellow coloration similar to marbling on the leaves. Of these F4 females, the healthiest and most vigorous individual was chosen to be ‘1AC’.
  • Self-Crossing of Induced Female Parental Line. The F4 female parent ‘1AC’ was treated to trigger the formation of intersexual and fully altered male flowers on the newly formed primary lateral branches, thus making self-fertilization possible within the ‘1AC’ plants. The induced ‘1AC’ female plants formed the male flowers, and were consequently self-pollinated to develop seeds. The resulting seeds produce a novel plant designated as ‘CW1AS1’. All the observed ‘CW1AS1’ plants grown from the seeds displayed a very upright plant form from main axis dominance.
  • Tables 1-5, below, provide the morphological and physiological characteristics of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety. ‘1AC’, also known as ‘CW1A’, is provided as a check variety. Unless otherwise noted, measurements below were taken from field-grown plants in Colorado.
  • TABLE 1
    General Characteristics
    Characteristics New Variety (‘CW1AS1’) Parental variety (‘1AC’)
    Plant life forms An herbaceous plant (herb). An herbaceous plant (herb)
    Plant growth A shrub-like annual plant with a An upright, shrub-like dioecious
    habit very upright habit and extensive annual plant with a rigid
    lateral branching. branching herbaceous stalk,
    Leaflets are quite wide and reaching 0.5-3 meters in height
    contribute to the full, shrub-like and 0.5-3 meters in width in one
    appearance. growing season
    Plants are late maturing and
    photoperiod dependent for
    initiation of flowering, typically no
    less than 11 hours of continuous
    darkness within a 24 hour period.
    Main and lateral axes become
    densely clustered with flower once
    flowering begins.
    Main axis is very prominent and
    dominant.
    Main axis dominance is the
    primary growth habit (about two
    thirds of the observed plants).
    Lower lateral branches also
    elongate, contributing to classic
    shrub-like form and habit, thus
    looking very Christmas tree-like.
    About one third of the observed
    plants show that flowering lateral
    branches exhibit shared dominance
    with main axis, which leads to a
    bushy canopy (This feature is
    mostly due to planting density or
    apical axis disturbance).
    Plant origin Feminized and stabilized progeny ‘1AC’ Cannabis sativa L.
    obtained through self-fertilization produced from a series of
    of ‘1AC’ Female Parent. crosses between a first plant of
    unknown parentage with a
    parental male plant from a feral
    hemp population in Colorado.
    Plant Sexually propagated by seeds Asexually propagated by cutting
    propagation through self-fertilization (Seed and cloning such as vegetative
    propagation). stem cuttings as well as stem
    Also, capable of propagation via cuttings from flowering plants
    cutting and cloning such as
    vegetative stem cuttings as well as
    stem cuttings from flowering
    plants (Vegetative propagation).
    Propagation ease Easy. Easy
    Propagation Germination rates of seeds are Adventitious root structures
    condition about 75%-90% (depending on readily form from stem tissue
    seed treatment such as cleaning when submerged in rooting
    and removal of immature seeds), media, including soil, rockwool,
    although the germination period aeroponics, etc., when adequate
    from direct seed planting varied amounts of oxygen and moisture
    from 5 to 15 or more days. are supplied, and ambient
    Germination rates gradually temperatures are between 55-
    decrease over time of storage. 75 degrees Fahrenheit with
    A spread of seedling maturities is appropriate lighting conditions.
    up to three weeks apart in
    development when early in the
    season, but with these differences
    becoming harder to spot later in
    the season.
    Height An average of 1.4 m, observed 0.5-3 m at maturity
    (Unit: inch) range was greater with some Stalky and bushy with round
    stunted plants (especially footprint.
    variegated individuals) with plants With adequate spacing, plant
    up to 1.57 m. height is approximately equal to
    width.
    Width An average of 0.89 m with a range 0.5-3 m
    (Unit: inch) of 0.61 m to 1.17 m.
    Width depends on planting
    density.
    Plant vigor High. High
    The most vigorous growth in late The most vigorous growth in late
    vegetative stage before flowering vegetative stage before
    stage. flowering stage.
    Time to Harvest Typically, 20-23 weeks from 120-140 days
    planting. Due to environmental
    factors in 2018, the time to harvest
    that year was 160-170 days.
    Genetically- No. No.
    modified
    organism
  • TABLE 2
    Leaf/Foliage
    Characteristics New Variety (‘CW1AS1’) Parental variety (‘1AC’)
    Leaf Opposite as a seedling and during Alternate with short intemodes
    arrangement most of vegetative phase of during early vegetative growth
    growth. stages especially after cloning
    The opposite arrangement Sometimes opposite (vegetative
    stretches a bit with increased vigor stage) and whorled (flowering
    of growth. stage) leaf positioning depending
    At the beginning of the flowering on growth conditions
    stage, the strong tendency of
    opposite arrangement shifts to
    alternate arrangement toward the
    ends of the main axis and lateral
    branches on new growth.
    This is a slight skewing of the
    opposite pattern, as stems exhibits
    a squarish shape with, what would
    have been, opposite leaf pairs, still
    closely emergent on the stem,
    separated by a short internode.
    Leaf shape Palmately compound. Palmately compound
    Leaf structure Serrated, lanceolate, leaflets Serrated, lanceolate, pinnately
    evenly bisected by the midvein veined leaflets with a medium to
    and with widest point halfway dark green upper surface and
    between leaflet attachment to light green to white green lower
    petiole and leaflet apex. surface.
    Leaf margins Plane with tooth apices angled Plane with tooth apices angled
    toward leaflet apex, that is, that the toward leaflet apex
    lamina is planar and that the apices Jaggedly serrated when leaves
    of the toothy margin angle toward are immature, developing into
    the leaflet apex. not so jaggedly serrated when
    Jaggedly serrated when leaves are leaves/leaflets are mature
    immature, developing into not so Both apical and basal side of
    jaggedly serrated when tooth are generally convex
    leaves/leaflets are mature.
    Both apical and basal side of tooth
    are convex, generally.
    Leaf hairs Absent with the naked eye, though Absent with the naked eye,
    stems and petioles minutely though stems and petioles
    pubescent. minutely pubescent.
    Leaf length with An average of 22.3 cm, with a Typically 7.6 cm-17.78 cm.
    petiole at range of 18.4 cm to 26.1 cm Up to 25.4 cm in the field with
    maturity (longest leaf). optimal growing conditions and
    (Unit: cm) at peak vegetative growth
    Petiole length at An average of 8.7 cm, with a range 5.1 cm-10.2 cm depending on
    maturity of 6.3 cm to 12.0 cm (longest leaf type (on axillary branch
    (Unit: cm) petiole). node vs main axis, subtending
    inflorescence, immature/mature,
    etc.)
    Petiole color Between RHS 145A and 145B. Between RHS145A and 145B
    (RHS No.)
    Anthocyanin Absent through floral maturity in N/A
    color and all observed outdoor plants.
    intensity in Petiole coloration can vary due to
    Petioles nutrient inputs and light
    conditions.
    Has been observed in indoor
    greenhouse environments.
    Stipule length at An average of 1.2 mm, with a <1 cm
    maturity range of 6 mm to 14 mm (longest
    (Unit: mm) stipule).
    Stipule color Vibrant green center of stipule is Linear with slight curvaceous
    (RHS No.) RHS 143A, and the papery white growth.
    edge is similar to NN155B-
    NN155C.
    Within inflorescences, vibrant
    green center of stipule is RHS
    143A-143B, and the papery white
    edge is similar to NN155B-
    NN155C.
    Stipule shape Spinose, wider at base tapering to Spinose, wider at base tapering
    the apex but sometimes straight to the apex but sometimes
    with white, feathery edges. straight with white, feathery
    Folded shape down the center, as a edges.
    ‘V’ or curling from center to nearly
    form a tube, vibrant green in color
    overall.
    Within inflorescences, stipules
    subtend (and nearly adhere to) the
    underside of pistillate flowers.
    These stipules within
    inflorescences are wider, shorter,
    and buried within the densely
    clustered pistillate inflorescences
    rendering them not immediately
    observable without dissection.
    No. of leaflets 5, 7, or 9 leaflets. 3-7 in immature plants, 5-9 at
    5 when emergent and in young maturity
    plants, but many with 7.
    Once vegetative growth reaches its
    maturity stage, some plants leaves
    develop having 9 leaflets.
    At vegetative maturity, leaves
    feature 5 or 7 leaflets for the most
    part, occasionally 9.
    Mostly 5 in newer leaves on new
    lateral branches, 7 or 9 on newly
    emergent leaves on main axis and
    on vigorous well-established
    branches of some plants.
    Middle largest An average of 13.3 cm at maturity, 6-15 cm
    (longest) leaflet with a range of 11.1 cm to 15.4
    length cm.
    (Unit: cm)
    Middle largest An average of 3.3 cm at maturity, 2.5-4.0 cm
    (longest) leaflet with a range of 2.5 cm to 4.0 cm.
    width
    (Unit: cm)
    Middle largest An average of about 4:1 at About 4:1
    (longest) leaflet maturity.
    length/width
    ratio
    No. teeth of An average of 37 at maturity, with 26-37
    middle leaflet a range of 32 to 42.
    Leaf (upper side - One of the most visually distinct RHS NN137B
    adaxial) color and characteristic attributes of this Leaf marbling during early to
    (RHS No.) variety is a colored marbling of the mid-vegetative stages.
    leaves, especially present in early
    to mid-vegetative growth stages,
    that is seen on most plants to
    varying degrees. This marbling is
    typically a greenish white-yellow
    coloration similar to RHS 144B,
    154D and 2D. Average plants will
    have 85-100% green foliage with
    some marbling on leaves.
    The white-yellow coloration is
    most likely an absence of
    photosynthetic chloroplasts in the
    leaf tissue, is genetically inherited,
    and is not a symptom of an
    infection nor pathogen.
    Solid green leaves are most similar
    to NN137A and NN137B with
    some mature leaves closer to
    147A.
    Emergent leaves, especially
    around inflorescences are from
    RHS 144 A to slightly darker
    (bluer) than 146A.
    On miniature leaflets that emerge
    within inflorescences, darker tips
    are RHS NN137A to a brighter
    (yellower) green N144C-N144D at
    the base of leaflets and in the
    venation.
    Some plants feature leaves with
    increasing purplish coloration that
    is blended with the dark green
    color for an overall appearance
    very similar to RHS N92A.
    Leaf (lower side - RHS 147B.
    abaxial) color Slightly lighter (greyer) than RHS
    (RHS No.) NN137D.
    On miniature leaflets that emerge
    within inflorescences, RHS 147B-
    147C leaf and 148B-148C
    venation.
    Leaf glossiness Low. Slightly glossy, especially at
    maturity
    Vein/midrib Primary vein is straight down the Midvein is straight down the
    shape middle of each leaflet. middle of each leaflet.
    Secondary veins are percurrent, Secondary veins are percurrent,
    branched alternately from branched alternately from
    midvein, grow to tooth apex with midvein, grow to tooth apex with
    some forming loops to other some forming loops to other
    secondary veins, and more secondary veins, and more
    apparent tertiary venation, apparent tertiary venation,
    especially in mature foliage. especially in mature leaflets
    Very pronounced on abaxial
    surface of leaflets.
    Slightly recessed on adaxial
    surface.
    Very finely pubescent.
    Vein/midrib RHS 147B, also between 146D RHS 145C
    color (RHS No.) and 145B.
    Aroma A pleasantly earthy aromatic, A pleasantly earthy aromatic,
    strong, peculiar smell with a hint strong, peculiar smell with a hint
    of pine scent. Some consider to be of pine scent
    reminiscent of cut grass.
  • TABLE 3
    Stem
    Characteristics New Variety (‘CW1AS1’) Parental variety (‘1AC’)
    Stem shape Main axis stem is squared with A smooth or slightly
    rounded edges. longitudinally furrowed texture
    Pronounced, singular, longitudinal that can vary throughout the
    furrows between nodes on the four plant.
    flattened surfaces of the square- Rigid, straight or flexuous
    shaped stems. Canescent, scabrous, or rough
    The discontinuation of the textured in late growth stage
    furrowing at the nodes gives the
    nodal points where leaf petioles
    and lateral branching emerge a
    bulky and angular character.
    At vegetative maturity, stem
    widens at base, especially so at
    lower nodal points that have
    shorter internodal points, takes on
    a generally more rounded
    character, but remains green for
    the most part.
    Secondary growth is emphasized
    in the lower portions of the stem
    once primary growth really takes
    off in newer growth during
    vegetative development.
    Stem diameter at An average of 4.0 cm (width) and 3.0-12 cm in outdoor plants
    base 4.5 cm (depth), with a range of 2.0
    (Unit: cm) cm to 5.5 cm.
    Stem color RHS 146D for green and immature Immature RHS 146D
    (RHS No.) stems. Mature RHS 143C
    Furrows, pubescence, and age of
    growth produce a slight variance
    in color: also RHS 137B-137C,
    138A, and between 141C and
    143A.
    Stem pith type This is highly dependent on the Moderate to thick
    age and/or maturity of the stem.
    Most mature main stem pith is
    medium to thick.
  • TABLE 4
    Inflorescence (Female/Pistillate Flowers)
    Characteristics New Variety (‘CW1AS1’) Parental variety (‘1AC’)
    Flowering Pistillate compound cyme Early flower primordia appear at
    (blooming) habit inflorescences are congested with the base of petioles, with a pair
    leaf-like bracts, leafy and compact, of white stigmas emerging from
    with the largest inflorescences each perigonal bract.
    present on dominant apical stems. Pistillate compound
    Female flowers are small but inflorescences are congested
    numerous and take on the pseudospikes with leaf-like
    coloration present in the bracts, leafy and compact, with
    vegetation of the specimen the largest inflorescences present
    (typically green); enclosed and on dominant apical stems
    surrounded by a perigonal bract, Female flowers are small but
    beaked at the tip; unilocular ovary numerous and take on the
    superior, sessile, with two long coloration present in the
    filiform stigmatic branches which vegetation of the specimen
    are white upon emergence and (typically green); enclosed and
    later deteriorating to a rusty surrounded by a fused calyx
    reddish-brown. (perigonal bract), entire, beaked
    Flowers may form on the entire at the tip; unilocular ovary
    length of the stem at nodal points; superior, sessile, with two long
    however, inflorescences are most filiform stigmatic branches
    conspicuous at the top of the plant which are white upon emergence
    at the ends of the main stem and and later deteriorating to
    secondary branches. reddish-brown
    Flowers and inflorescences are Flowers may form on the entire
    covered with glandular trichomes. length of the stem; however,
    Beginning the 15th week after inflorescences are most
    planting, the main and lateral axes conspicuous at the top of the
    begin to feature distinct pistillate plant.
    floral clusters at buds and nodes Flowers and inflorescences are
    where before only new vegetative covered with glandular
    growth budded out. trichomes
    Branching increases toward ends
    of both lateral and main axes with
    nodes in these now inflorescent
    regions starting to be densely
    clustered with pistillate flowers.
    Leading up to the 15th week, a few
    plants featured single, enlarged
    pistillate flowers with stigma at
    nodes along the main axis.
    Close to floral maturity (about 132
    days after planting in field), large
    inflorescent clusters are developed
    in all newer regions of growth in
    the axillary and terminal buds of
    the main axis and lateral branches.
    Miniature, trichomated, tips of
    leaflets emerge from dense floral
    clusters. Leaflets number 3, 5, or 7
    with many leaves having 5
    leaflets.
    Proportion of >99%. 100%
    female plants Less than 1% of the observed
    plants featuring pure male flowers
    or monoecious (female/male)
    tendencies.
    Inflorescence Above. Above
    position Apical portions of main and lateral Apical portions of main and
    axes. lateral axes
    Flower Cymose Cymose
    arrangement
    Number of Hundreds to thousands of flowers Hundreds to thousands flowers
    flowers per plant per plant. per plant
    Multitudinous, congested, with Multitudinous, congested, with
    high concentrations on bushier high concentrations on bushier
    wide inflorescences. wide inflorescence
    Flower shape Bilateral symmetry with an overall Bilateral symmetry with an
    compressed ovaloid appearance. overall compressed ovaloid
    appearance
    Flower Mostly 6 mm to 9 mm, with a 8-14 mm
    (individual range of 4 mm to 10 mm.
    pistillate) length
    (Unit: mm)
    Corolla Absent in observation No defined corolla
    Apetalous pistillate flowers
    Corolla Color N/A N/A
    (RHS No.)
    Bract shape Bract is photosynthetic, heavily Bract is photosynthetic, heavily
    (general trichomated during peak trichomated during peak
    description) flowering, persistent and adhering flowering, persistent and
    to the gynoecium within, ovate adhering to the gynoecium
    and slightly compressed with a within, ovate and slightly
    beaked tip from which the pistil compressed with a beaked tip
    emerges. from which the pistil emerges.
    Newly emergent bracts on
    immature or new flowers are quite
    smaller, lighter in color, and non-
    trichomated, sometimes subtended
    by a stipule
    Bracts that appear at nodal points
    on the main axis and at the base of
    inflorescences just before
    flowering stage begins are larger,
    elongated and the beaked-shape is
    more pronounced.
    Bract color A beautiful gradation from dark Some RHS 137A-137D, some
    (RHS No.) green through a lighter, yellowish 141A-141C, to 143C or 144A-
    green, to a pale off-white. 144D or 145A, to 150D or
    Some RHS 137A-D, some 141A- 155A-155B at lighter base.
    141C, to 143C or 144A-144D or
    145A, to 150D or 155A-1555B at
    lighter base.
    Stigma shape Sturdy looking at base, slenderly Short apical style with two long
    tapering with minute and fine filiform stigmatic branches
    papillae. At flower maturity, the pistils
    Thicker and wider in appearance senesce to a reddish-brown
    in general than CW2A.
    Vibrant yellow green, with almost
    a golden color past maturity.
    Stigma length 3 mm-6 mm with most being 4 6-9 mm
    (Unit: mm) mm-5 mm outdoors, longer Pollination, and environmental
    indoors up to 10 mm or so factors effect state of stigma
    This can be heavily influenced by
    environmental conditions.
    Stigma color RHS 150A-150C or 151C-150D RHS 150A-150C or 151C-151D
    (RHS No.) when freshly emergent, to 8B when freshly emergent to 8B
    when around maturity or past when
    maturity, to 164A or 166A-166D around maturity or past maturity,
    or 174A-174B or 175D when to 164A or 166A-166D or 174A-
    senescent. 174B or 175D when senescent
    Trichome shape Observation is limited to the Capitate stalked glandular
    human eye. multiseriate/uniseriate trichomes,
    Varying sizes of short-stalked and especially on flowering
    globular-headed glands, wet in inflorescences and perigonial
    appearance when fresh. bracts
    Opaquer and increasingly amber Capitate Sessile glandular
    tinted on mature and late flowers. trichomes on stems, leaves, and
    Especially abundant on miniature bracts
    leaves within maturing Cystolithic non-glandular
    inflorescences, as well as on trichomes on leaves
    pistillate floral bracts (perigonia).
    Trichome color RHS NN155A-NN155D, white Variable
    (RHS No.) translucent, to white, to creamy Clear, white, translucent at first,
    white, to nearly golden white. as it matures, cloudy to amber as
    phytochemicals enter the
    trichome glandular head
    Terminal bud Dense clusters of emergent Terminal buds are naked,
    shape pistillate flowers with fresh vegetative, and mixed depending
    whitish vegetative stigmas. Bracts on life stage
    and miniature leaves covered with (vegetative/flowering)
    trichomes.
    Miniature leaves emerging from
    inflorescences are abundant in this
    variety.
    Terminal bud A beautiful gradation from dark Multicolored
    color (RHS No.) green through a lighter, yellowish
    green, to a pale off-white.
    Some RHS 137A-137D, some
    141A-141C, to 143C or 144A-
    144D or 145A, to 150D or 155A-
    155B at lighter base.
    RHS 150A-150C or 151C-151D
    freshly emergent stigmas.
    Pedicel Absent from observation Absent
    Staminate shape None observed. None observed.
    Sepal color None observed. None observed.
    (RHS No.)
    Pollen None observed. None observed.
    description
    Marbling of seed Medium. N/A
    Petal description Absent in observation Apetalous (petals absent in
    flowers)
  • TABLE 5
    Other Characteristics
    Characteristics New Variety (‘CW1AS1’) Parental variety (‘1AC’)
    Time period and Late flowering. Specifically, a photoperiod of no
    condition of CW1AS1 does not show any less than 11 hours of continuous
    flowering/ immature flowering and only darkness within a 24-hour
    blooming begins to flower 105-110 days period.
    after planting. CW1AS1 is highly
    dependent on day/night length to
    initiate flowering.
    Proportion of None. None.
    hermaphrodite
    plants
    Hardiness of Resistant to frost and cold in late Resistant to frost (with nightly
    plant vegetative growth stages. temperatures as low as 27
    Cold resistance increases during degrees Fahrenheit as long as the
    the late flowering stage. temperature rises during the day
    When subjected to cold to melt and dry previous frost
    temperatures (such as less than 45 found on leaves)
    degrees Fahrenheit) for longer Resistant to cold in late
    than 6 hours a day, plants show vegetative growth stages
    signs of cold shock and growth Cold resistance increases during
    rates are reduced. the late flowering stage
    Hardy to tolerant of moist and When subjected to cold
    damp conditions without showing temperatures (such as less than
    signs of stress if adequate drainage 45 degrees Fahrenheit) for
    allows damp conditions to be a longer than 6 hours a day, plants
    temporary occurrence. show signs of cold shock and
    More drought tolerant in clay loam growth rates are reduced
    and heavier soils, while less Hardy to tolerate of moist and
    drought tolerant in sandy loam and damp conditions without
    lighter soils. showing signs of stress if
    Over watering is noticeable during adequate drainage allows damp
    the early stages of vegetative conditions to be a temporary
    growth when plant root structures occurrence
    are more sensitive, or if no More drought tolerant in clay
    adequate drainage exists. loam and heavier soils, while
    less drought tolerant in sandy
    loam and lighter soils
    Over watering is noticeable
    during the early stages of
    vegetative growth when plant
    root structures are more
    sensitive, or if no adequate
    drainage exists
    Breaking action Very thick and resilient stem. Can Branches are less flexible
    withstand high winds and hail Typically, plants do not lean and
    damage without breaking. are very sturdy
    There is not a single broken stem Plants can tolerate high winds
    observed in all sections of fields easily without lodging
    planted with CW1AS1 throughout Stem branches can break or split
    the entire season (thousands of in hail storms, however this is
    plants). rare
    Rooting rate 90-95% 92-98%
    after Plants grows from seeds. Adventitious roots typically
    cutting/cloning Germination time varies from form day 10-day 21
    about 5 to 15 days. Roots fill a two-inch pot
    Direct seed plants have a lengthy completely in Day 28-45
    deep taproot that grows, leading to
    good vigor and resiliency.
    Total THC and Total CBD content: 6.68%- Total CBD content: 5-8%
    CBD content of 7.32%, if harvested in target Total THC content: 0.2-0.3%
    inflorescence at maturity window. Total CBD:Total THC (ratio) =
    floral/harvest Total THC content: 0.20%- 26:1
    maturity 0.27%, if harvested in target
    maturity window.
    Average Total CBD:Total THC
    (ratio) = 20:1-35:1
  • Table 6 includes detailed information of the hemp plant named ‘CW1AS1’ for profiles of total CBD and THC concentrations as tested on three different flower samples. The claimed ‘CW1AS1’ variety was tested by the third party service provider, Botanacor Services LLC, to determine flower cannabinoid potency according to the service provider's TM01 procedure using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • As used herein, the term “maturity,” “harvest maturity,” or “floral maturity” refers to the developmental stage at which the ‘CW1AS1’ plant is harvested. Persons having skill in the art will recognize maturity based on the plant's morphologies. It is also good practice to conduct periodic cannabinoid content (i.e., potency) tests throughout the development of the plant to ensure that harvest occurs at maturity. The ‘CW1AS1’ plant is considered to be at harvest maturity when inflorescences begin to take on a ‘frosted’ appearance, as trichomes develop on bracts, miniature leaves within inflorescences, and lower portions of fan leaves. If the ‘frosted’ appearance is visible from afar, this could indicate the plant is beyond maturity. The color of trichomes can also be used to determine maturity. Trichomes when first developing on the ‘CW1AS1’ plant look small and clear, but gradually enlarge, and progressively become ‘milkier’ and opaque with continued maturation, finally displaying a desiccated appearance and amber color. In the present disclosure, maturity for the ‘CW1AS1’ plant is defined as the time period between the enlarged clear trichome developmental stage and the opaque/milky trichome developmental stage. Amber trichomes in the ‘CW1AS1’ plant are an indication of overly mature trichomes. In some embodiments, the ideal time period after planting for floral maturity of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety is typically around 20-23 weeks after planting seeds in the field, depending on planting date. Strong photoperiod dependent characteristic for initiation of flowering means fixed flowering date in late August in Colorado for the ‘CW1AS1’ plants. An earlier planting date could extend the time to harvest maturity. Growing conditions throughout the plant's life cycle, nutrient variations, and environmental factors can all influence the amount of time for ‘CW1AS1’ plants to reach harvest maturity. The present disclosure uses the terms “maturity,” “harvest maturity,” and “floral maturity” interchangeably. FIGS. 16-18 provide photographs of the ‘CW1AS1’ plant at harvest maturity. In some embodiments, harvest maturity can encompass any period after the emergence of inflorescences, but before the THC content of any inflorescence surpasses 0.3% THC.
  • In some instances, the botanical descriptions disclosed herein reflect the range of phenotypical variation observed under indoor and outdoor growth conditions. Total Potential THC/CBD contents presented in this document reflect the total potential (i.e., decarboxylated) THC and CBD content after decarboxylation of the THCA and CBDA contents of the sample. The formula used for this calculation is reproduced below for the Office's convenience. Total THC=THC+(THCA*(0.877)). Total CBD=CBD+(CBDA*(0.877)).
  • When ‘CW1AS1’ is compared to the known Cannabis plant named ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ (U.S. Plant Patent No. 27,475), there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, ‘CW1AS1’ plant is generally taller than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. While the aroma of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ is strongly mephitic with hints of limonene, ‘CW1AS1’ has a pleasantly earthy aromatic herbal smell with a hint of pine scent. ‘CW1AS1’ stem diameter at base is bigger than ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA.’ However, the flower cyme diameter of ‘CW1AS1’ is smaller than that of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA.’ Furthermore, there is a significant difference in total THC content between ‘CW1AS1’ and ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA.’ The total THC content of ‘CW1AS1’ is between 0.26-0.27%, rendering the claimed plant a hemp plant under U.S. law. ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ on the other hand, accumulates 12.45% total THC, resulting in a different classification of the plant.
  • When ‘CW1AS1’ is compared to its parental line ‘1AC,’ there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, ‘CW1AS1’ has a different leaf arrangement during vegetative stages, longer stipules, and different leaf lengths and vein/midrib colors.
    • Cannabis Hemp Breeding Methods
  • In some embodiments, the plants of the present disclosure can be used to produce new plant varieties. In some embodiments, the plants are used to develop new, unique and superior varieties or hybrids with desired phenotypes. As used herein, the term “plant breeding techniques” comprises all of the plant breeding techniques disclosed in this section of the application, and well known to persons having skill in the art. Thus, in some embodiments, plant breeding methods encompass the application of recurrent selection, mass selection, hybridization, open-pollination, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, marker assisted selection breeding, mutation breeding, gene editing, and combinations thereof.
  • In some embodiments, selection methods, e.g., molecular marker assisted selection, can be combined with breeding methods to accelerate the process. Additional breeding methods have been known to one of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., methods discussed in Chahal and Gosal (Principles and procedures of plant breeding: biotechnological and conventional approaches, CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 084931321X, 9780849313219), Taji et al. (In vitro plant breeding, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 156022908X, 9781560229087), Richards (Plant breeding systems, Taylor & Francis US, 1997, ISBN 0412574500, 9780412574504), Hayes (Methods of Plant Breeding, Publisher: READ BOOKS, 2007, ISBN1406737062, 9781406737066), each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The Cannabis genome has been sequenced recently (van Bakel et al., The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa, Genome Biology, 12(10):R102, 2011). Molecular markers for Cannabis plants are described in Datwyler et al. (Genetic variation in hemp and marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) according to amplified fragment length polymorphisms, J Forensic Sci. 2006 March; 51(2):371-5.), Pinarkara et al., (RAPD analysis of seized marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) in Turkey, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 12(1), 2009), Hakki et al., (Inter simple sequence repeats separate efficiently hemp from marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.), Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4), 2007), Datwyler et al., (Genetic Variation in Hemp and Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) According to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms, J Forensic Sci, March 2006, 51(2):371-375), Gilmore et al. (Isolation of microsatellite markers in Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana), Molecular Ecology Notes, 3(1):105-107, March 2003), Pacifico et al., (Genetics and marker-assisted selection of chemotype in Cannabis sativa L.), Molecular Breeding (2006) 17:257-268), and Mendoza et al., (Genetic individualization of Cannabis sativa by a short tandem repeat multiplex system, Anal Bioanal Chem (2009) 393:719-726), each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • In some embodiments, molecular markers are designed and made, based on the genome of the plants of the present application. In some embodiments, the molecular markers are selected from Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs). Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, etc. Methods of developing molecular markers and their applications are described by Avise (Molecular markers, natural history, and evolution, Publisher: Sinauer Associates, 2004, ISBN 0878930418, 9780878930418), Srivastava et al. (Plant biotechnology and molecular markers, Publisher: Springer, 2004, ISBN1402019114, 9781402019111), and Vienne (Molecular markers in plant genetics and biotechnology, Publisher: Science Publishers, 2003), each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • The molecular markers can be used in molecular marker assisted breeding. For example, the molecular markers can be utilized to monitor the transfer of the genetic material. In some embodiments, the transferred genetic material is a gene of interest, such as genes that contribute to one or more favorable agronomic phenotypes when expressed in a plant cell, a plant part, or a plant.
  • Details of existing Cannabis plants varieties and breeding methods are described in Potter et al. (2011, World Wide Weed: Global Trends in Cannabis Cultivation and Its Control), Holland (2010, The Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis, Inner Traditions/Bear & Co, ISBN1594778981, 9781594778988), Green I (2009, The Cannabis Grow Bible: The Definitive Guide to Growing Marijuana for Recreational and Medical Use, Green Candy Press, 2009, ISBN 1931160589, 9781931160582), Green II (2005, The Cannabis Breeder's Bible: The Definitive Guide to Marijuana Genetics, Cannabis Botany and Creating Strains for the Seed Market, Green Candy Press, 1931160279, 9781931160278), Starks (1990, Marijuana Chemistry: Genetics, Processing & Potency, ISBN 0914171399, 9780914171393), Clarke (1981, Marijuana Botany, an Advanced Study: The Propagation and Breeding of Distinctive Cannabis, Ronin Publishing, ISBN 091417178X, 9780914171782), Short (2004, Cultivating Exceptional Cannabis: An Expert Breeder Shares His Secrets, ISBN 1936807122, 9781936807123), Cervantes (2004, Marijuana Horticulture: The Indoor/Outdoor Medical Grower's Bible, Van Patten Publishing, ISBN 187882323X, 9781878823236), Franck et al. (1990, Marijuana Grower's Guide, Red Eye Press, ISBN 0929349016, 9780929349015), Grotenhermen and Russo (2002, Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential, Psychology Press, ISBN 0789015080, 9780789015082), Rosenthal (2007, The Big Book of Buds: More Marijuana Varieties from the World's Great Seed Breeders, ISBN 1936807068, 9781936807062), Clarke, R C (Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany 2013 (In press)), King, J (Cannabible Vols 1-3, 2001-2006), and four volumes of Rosenthal's Big Book of Buds series (2001, 2004, 2007, and 2011), each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • Classical breeding methods can be included in the present disclosure to introduce one or more recombinant expression cassettes of the present disclosure into other plant varieties, or other close-related species that are compatible to be crossed with the transgenic plant. In some embodiments, the recombinant expression cassette can encode for a desirable phenotype, including herbicide resistance, disease or pest resistance, insect resistance, resistance to antibiotics, or additional traits, as disclosed in this application.
  • In some embodiments, said method comprises (i) crossing any one of the plants of the present disclosure comprising the expression cassette as a donor to a recipient plant line to create a F1 population; (ii) selecting offspring that have expression cassette. Optionally, the offspring can be further selected by testing the expression of the gene of interest. Thus in some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches crossing a transgenic plant with the presently disclosed ‘CW1AS1’ plant.
  • In some embodiments, complete chromosomes of the donor plant are transferred. For example, the transgenic plant with the expression cassette can serve as a male or female parent in a cross pollination to produce offspring plants, wherein by receiving the transgene from the donor plant, the offspring plants have the expression cassette.
  • In a method for producing plants having the expression cassette, protoplast fusion can also be used for the transfer of the transgene from a donor plant to a recipient plant. Protoplast fusion is an induced or spontaneous union, such as a somatic hybridization, between two or more protoplasts (cells in which the cell walls are removed by enzymatic treatment) to produce a single bi- or multi-nucleate cell. The fused cell that may even be obtained with plant species that cannot be interbred in nature is tissue cultured into a hybrid plant exhibiting the desirable combination of traits. More specifically, a first protoplast can be obtained from a plant having the expression cassette. A second protoplast can be obtained from a second plant line, optionally from another plant species or variety, preferably from the same plant species or variety, that comprises commercially desirable characteristics, such as, but not limited to disease resistance, insect resistance, valuable grain characteristics (e.g., increased seed weight and/or seed size) etc. The protoplasts are then fused using traditional protoplast fusion procedures, which are known in the art to produce the cross.
  • Alternatively, embryo rescue may be employed in the transfer of the expression cassette from a donor plant to a recipient plant. Embryo rescue can be used as a procedure to isolate embryos from crosses wherein plants fail to produce viable seed. In this process, the fertilized ovary or immature seed of a plant is tissue cultured to create new plants (see Pierik, 1999, In vitro culture of higher plants, Springer, ISBN 079235267x, 9780792352679, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • In some embodiments, the recipient plant is an elite line having one or more certain desired traits. Examples of desired traits include but are not limited to those that result in increased biomass production, production of specific chemicals, increased seed production, improved plant material quality, increased seed oil content, etc. Additional examples of desired traits include pest resistance, vigor, development time (time to harvest), enhanced nutrient content, novel growth patterns, aromas or colors, salt, heat, drought and cold tolerance, and the like. Desired traits also include selectable marker genes (e.g., genes encoding herbicide or antibiotic resistance used only to facilitate detection or selection of transformed cells), hormone biosynthesis genes leading to the production of a plant hormone (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene that are used only for selection), or reporter genes (e.g. luciferase, β-glucuronidase, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT, etc.). The recipient plant can also be a plant with preferred chemical compositions, e.g., compositions preferred for medical use or industrial applications.
  • Classical breeding methods can be used to produce new varieties of Cannabis according to the present disclosure. Newly developed F1 hybrids can be reproduced via asexual reproduction.
  • Open-Pollinated Populations. The improvement of open-pollinated populations of such crops as rye, many maizes and sugar beets, herbage grasses, legumes such as alfalfa and clover, and tropical tree crops such as cacao, coconuts, oil palm and some rubber, depends essentially upon changing gene-frequencies towards fixation of favorable alleles while maintaining a high (but far from maximal) degree of heterozygosity. Uniformity in such populations is impossible and trueness-to-type in an open-pollinated variety is a statistical feature of the population as a whole, not a characteristic of individual plants. Thus, the heterogeneity of open-pollinated populations contrasts with the homogeneity (or virtually so) of inbred lines, clones and hybrids.
  • Population improvement methods fall naturally into two groups, those based on purely phenotypic selection, normally called mass selection, and those based on selection with progeny testing. Interpopulation improvement utilizes the concept of open breeding populations; allowing genes to flow from one population to another. Plants in one population (cultivar, strain, ecotype, or any germplasm source) are crossed either naturally (e.g., by wind) or by hand or by bees (commonly Apis mellifera L. or Megachile rotundata F.) with plants from other populations. Selection is applied to improve one (or sometimes both) population(s) by isolating plants with desirable traits from both sources.
  • There are basically two primary methods of open-pollinated population improvement. First, there is the situation in which a population is changed en masse by a chosen selection procedure. The outcome is an improved population that is indefinitely propagatable by random-mating within itself in isolation. Second, the synthetic variety attains the same end result as population improvement but is not itself propagatable as such; it has to be reconstructed from parental lines or clones. These plant breeding procedures for improving open-pollinated populations are well known to those skilled in the art and comprehensive reviews of breeding procedures routinely used for improving cross-pollinated plants are provided in numerous texts and articles, including: Allard, Principles of Plant Breeding, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1960); Simmonds, Principles of Crop Improvement, Longman Group Limited (1979); Hallauer and Miranda, Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, Iowa State University Press (1981); and, Jensen, Plant Breeding Methodology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1988).
  • Mass Selection. In mass selection, desirable individual plants are chosen, harvested, and the seed composited without progeny testing to produce the following generation. Since selection is based on the maternal parent only, and there is no control over pollination, mass selection amounts to a form of random mating with selection. As stated herein, the purpose of mass selection is to increase the proportion of superior genotypes in the population.
  • Mutation breeding is another method of introducing new traits into the hemp plants of the present disclosure. Mutations that occur spontaneously or are artificially induced can be useful sources of variability for a plant breeder. The goal of artificial mutagenesis is to increase the rate of mutation for a desired characteristic. Mutation rates can be increased by many different means including temperature, long-term seed storage, tissue culture conditions, radiation; such as X-rays, Gamma rays (e.g., cobalt 60 or cesium 137), neutrons, (product of nuclear fission by uranium 235 in an atomic reactor), Beta radiation (emitted from radioisotopes such as phosphorus 32 or carbon 14), or ultraviolet radiation (preferably from 2500 to 2900 nm), or chemical mutagens (such as base analogues (5-bromo-uracil)), related compounds (8-ethoxy caffeine), antibiotics (streptonigrin), alkylating agents (sulfur mustards, nitrogen mustards, epoxides, ethyleneamines, sulfates, sulfonates, sulfones, lactones), azide, hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, or acridines. Once a desired trait is observed through mutagenesis the trait may then be incorporated into existing germplasm by traditional breeding techniques. Details of mutation breeding can be found in Allard, Principles of Plant Breeding, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1960). In addition, mutations created in other hemp plants may be used to produce a backcross conversion of hemp plants having all phenotypes of the ‘CW1AS1’ line while comprising the mutation obtained from the other hemp plants.
  • Additional methods include, but are not limited to, expression vectors introduced into plant tissues using a direct gene transfer method, such as microprojectile-mediated delivery, DNA injection, electroporation, and the like. More preferably, expression vectors are introduced into plant tissues by using either microprojectile-mediated delivery with a biolistic device or by using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformant plants obtained with the protoplasm of the subject hemp plants are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the application.
  • Synthetics. A synthetic variety is produced by crossing inter se a number of genotypes selected for good combining ability in all possible hybrid combinations, with subsequent maintenance of the variety by open pollination. Whether parents are (more or less inbred) seed-propagated lines, as in some sugar beet and beans (Vicia) or clones, as in herbage grasses, clovers and alfalfa, makes no difference in principle. Parents are selected on general combining ability, sometimes by test crosses or toperosses, more generally by polycrosses. Parental seed lines may be deliberately inbred (e.g. by selfing or sib crossing). However, even if the parents are not deliberately inbred, selection within lines during line maintenance will ensure that some inbreeding occurs. Clonal parents will, of course, remain unchanged and highly heterozygous.
  • Whether a synthetic can go straight from the parental seed production plot to the farmer or must first undergo one or two cycles of multiplication depends on seed production and the scale of demand for seed. In practice, grasses and clovers are generally multiplied once or twice and are thus considerably removed from the original synthetic.
  • While mass selection is sometimes used, progeny testing is generally preferred for polycrosses, because of their operational simplicity and obvious relevance to the objective, namely exploitation of general combining ability in a synthetic.
  • The numbers of parental lines or clones that enter a synthetic vary widely. In practice, numbers of parental lines range from 10 to several hundred, with 100-200 being the average. Broad based synthetics formed from 100 or more clones would be expected to be more stable during seed multiplication than narrow based synthetics.
  • Pedigreed varieties. A pedigreed variety is a superior genotype developed from selection of individual plants out of a segregating population followed by propagation and seed increase of self-pollinated offspring and careful testing of the genotype over several generations. This is an open pollinated method that works well with naturally self-pollinating species. This method can be used in combination with mass selection in variety development. Variations in pedigree and mass selection in combination are the most common methods for generating varieties in self-pollinated crops.
  • Hybrids. A hybrid is an individual plant resulting from a cross between parents of differing genotypes. Commercial hybrids are now used extensively in many crops, including corn (maize), sorghum, sugar beet, sunflower and broccoli. Hybrids can be formed in a number of different ways, including by crossing two parents directly (single cross hybrids), by crossing a single cross hybrid with another parent (three-way or triple cross hybrids), or by crossing two different hybrids (four-way or double cross hybrids).
  • Strictly speaking, most individuals in an out breeding (i.e., open-pollinated) population are hybrids, but the term is usually reserved for cases in which the parents are individuals whose genomes are sufficiently distinct for them to be recognized as different species or subspecies. Hybrids may be fertile or sterile depending on qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the genomes of the two parents. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is usually associated with increased heterozygosity that results in increased vigor of growth, survival, and fertility of hybrids as compared with the parental lines that were used to form the hybrid. Maximum heterosis is usually achieved by crossing two genetically different, highly inbred lines.
  • Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING). Breeding schemes of the present disclosure can include crosses with TILLING® plant lines. TILLING® is a method in molecular biology that allows directed identification of mutations in a specific gene. TILLING® was introduced in 2000, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. TILLING® has since been used as a reverse genetics method in other organisms such as zebrafish, corn, wheat, rice, soybean, tomato and lettuce. The method combines a standard and efficient technique of mutagenesis with a chemical mutagen (e.g., Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)) with a sensitive DNA screening-technique that identifies single base mutations (also called point mutations) in a target gene. EcoTILLING is a method that uses TILLING® techniques to look for natural mutations in individuals, usually for population genetics analysis (see Comai, et al., 2003 The Plant Journal 37, 778-786; Gilchrist et al. 2006 Mol. Ecol. 15, 1367-1378; Mejlhede et al. 2006 Plant Breeding 125, 461-467; Nieto et al. 2007 BMC Plant Biology 7, 34-42, each of which is incorporated by reference hereby for all purposes). DEcoTILLING is a modification of TILLING® and EcoTILLING which uses an inexpensive method to identify fragments (Garvin et al., 2007, DEco-TILLING: An inexpensive method for SNP discovery that reduces ascertainment bias. Molecular Ecology Notes 7, 735-746). More detailed description on methods and compositions on TILLING® can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,075, US 2004/0053236 A1, WO 2005/055704, and WO 2005/048692, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
  • In some embodiments, TILLING® can also be utilized for plants of the Cannabis genus including hemp plants. Thus in some embodiments, the breeding methods of the present disclosure include breeding with one or more TILLING plant lines with one or more identified mutations.
  • Gene editing technologies. Breeding and selection schemes of the present disclosure can include crosses with plant lines that have undergone genome editing. In some embodiments, the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified using any gene and/or genome editing tool, including, but not limited to: ZFNs, TALENS, CRISPR, and Mega nuclease technologies. In some embodiments, persons having skill in the art will recognize that the breeding methods of the present disclosure are compatible with many other gene editing technologies. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches gene-editing technologies can be applied for a single locus conversion, for example, conferring hemp plant with herbicide resistance. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches that the single locus conversion is an artificially mutated gene or nucleotide sequence that has been modified through the use of breeding techniques taught herein.
  • In some embodiments, the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through Zinc Finger Nucleases. Three variants of the ZFN technology are recognized in plant breeding (with applications ranging from producing single mutations or short deletions/insertions in the case of ZFN-1 and -2 techniques up to targeted introduction of new genes in the case of the ZFN-3 technique); 1) ZFN-1: Genes encoding ZFNs are delivered to plant cells without a repair template. The ZFNs bind to the plant DNA and generate site specific double-strand breaks (DSBs). The natural DNA-repair process (which occurs through nonhomologous end-joining, NHEJ) leads to site specific mutations, in one or only a few base pairs, or to short deletions or insertions; 2) ZFN-2: Genes encoding ZFNs are delivered to plant cells along with a repair template homologous to the targeted area, spanning a few kilo base pairs. The ZFNs bind to the plant DNA and generate site-specific DSBs. Natural gene repair mechanisms generate site-specific point mutations e.g. changes to one or a few base pairs through homologous recombination and the copying of the repair template; and 3) ZFN-3: Genes encoding ZFNs are delivered to plant cells along with a stretch of DNA which can be several kilo base pairs long and the ends of which are homologous to the DNA sequences flanking the cleavage site. As a result, the DNA stretch is inserted into the plant genome in a site-specific manner.
  • In some embodiments, the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through Transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs). TALENS are polypeptides with repeat polypeptide arms capable of recognizing and binding to specific nucleic acid regions. By engineering the polypeptide arms to recognize selected target sequences, the TAL nucleases can be used to direct double stranded DNA breaks to specific genomic regions. These breaks can then be repaired via recombination to edit, delete, insert, or otherwise modify the DNA of a host organism. In some embodiments, TALENSs are used alone for gene editing (e.g., for the deletion or disruption of a gene). In other embodiments, TALs are used in conjunction with donor sequences and/or other recombination factor proteins that will assist in the Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process to replace the targeted DNA region. For more information on the TAL-mediated gene editing compositions and methods of the present disclosure, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,440,432; 8,450,471; 8,586,526; 8,586,363; 8,592,645; 8,697,853; 8,704,041; 8,921,112; and 8,912,138, each of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety for all purposes.
  • In some embodiments, the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) or CRISPR-associated (Cas) gene editing tools. CRISPR proteins were originally discovered as bacterial adaptive immunity systems which protected bacteria against viral and plasmid invasion. There are at least three main CRISPR system types (Type I, II, and III) and at least 10 distinct subtypes (Makarova, K. S., et. al., Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 May 9; 9(6):467-477). Type I and III systems use Cas protein complexes and short guide polynucleotide sequences to target selected DNA regions. Type II systems rely on a single protein (e.g. Cas9) and the targeting guide polynucleotide, where a portion of the 5′ end of a guide sequence is complementary to a target nucleic acid. For more information on the CRISPR gene editing compositions and methods of the present disclosure, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,697,359; 8,889,418; 8,771,945; and 8,871,445, each of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety for all purposes.
  • In some embodiments, the breeding and selection methods of the present disclosure are compatible with plants that have been modified through meganucleases. In some embodiments, meganucleases are engineered endonucleases capable of targeting selected DNA sequences and inducing DNA breaks. In some embodiments, new meganucleases targeting specific regions are developed through recombinant techniques which combine the DNA binding motifs from various other identified nucleases. In other embodiments, new meganucleases are created through semi-rational mutational analysis, which attempts to modify the structure of existing binding domains to obtain specificity for additional sequences. For more information on the use of meganucleases for genome editing, see Silva et al., 2011 Current Gene Therapy 11 pg 11-27; and Stoddard et al., 2014 Mobile DNA 5 pg 7, each of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety for all purposes.
    • Plant Transformation
  • Hemp plants of the present disclosure, such as ‘CW1AS1’ can be further modified by introducing one or more transgenes which when expressed lead to desired phenotypes. The most common method for the introduction of new genetic material into a plant genome involves the use of living cells of the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens to literally inject a piece of DNA, called transfer or T-DNA, into individual plant cells (usually following wounding of the tissue) where it is targeted to the plant nucleus for chromosomal integration. There are numerous patents governing Agrobacterium mediated transformation and particular DNA delivery plasmids designed specifically for use with Agrobacterium—for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,475, EP0265556, EP0270822, WO8504899, WO8603516, U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,616, EP0604662, EP0672752, WO8603776, WO9209696, WO9419930, WO9967357, U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,216, WO8303259, U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,179, EP068730, WO9516031, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,693,512, 6,051,757 and EP904362A1. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation involves as a first step the placement of DNA fragments cloned on plasmids into living Agrobacterium cells, which are then subsequently used for transformation into individual plant cells. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is thus an indirect plant transformation method. Methods of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation that involve using vectors with no T-DNA are also well known to those skilled in the art and can have applicability in the present disclosure. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,554, which utilizes P-DNA instead of T-DNA in the transformation vector.
  • Direct plant transformation methods using DNA have also been reported. The first of these to be reported historically is electroporation, which utilizes an electrical current applied to a solution containing plant cells (M. E. Fromm et al., Nature, 319, 791 (1986); H. Jones et al., Plant Mol. Biol., 13, 501 (1989) and H. Yang et al., Plant Cell Reports, 7, 421 (1988). Another direct method, called “biolistic bombardment”, uses ultrafine particles, usually tungsten or gold, that are coated with DNA and then sprayed onto the surface of a plant tissue with sufficient force to cause the particles to penetrate plant cells, including the thick cell wall, membrane and nuclear envelope, but without killing at least some of them (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,204,253, 5,015,580). A third direct method uses fibrous forms of metal or ceramic consisting of sharp, porous or hollow needle-like projections that literally impale the cells, and also the nuclear envelope of cells. Both silicon carbide and aluminum borate whiskers have been used for plant transformation (Mizuno et al., 2004; Petolino et al., 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,523 US Application 20040197909) and also for bacterial and animal transformation (Kaepler et al., 1992; Raloff, 1990; Wang, 1995). There are other methods reported, and undoubtedly, additional methods will be developed. However, the efficiencies of each of these indirect or direct methods in introducing foreign DNA into plant cells are invariably extremely low, making it necessary to use some method for selection of only those cells that have been transformed, and further, allowing growth and regeneration into plants of only those cells that have been transformed.
  • For efficient plant transformation, a selection method must be employed such that whole plants are regenerated from a single transformed cell and every cell of the transformed plant carries the DNA of interest. These methods can employ positive selection, whereby a foreign gene is supplied to a plant cell that allows it to utilize a substrate present in the medium that it otherwise could not use, such as mannose or xylose (for example, refer U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,767,378; 5,994,629). More typically, however, negative selection is used because it is more efficient, utilizing selective agents such as herbicides or antibiotics that either kill or inhibit the growth of nontransformed plant cells and reducing the possibility of chimeras. Resistance genes that are effective against negative selective agents are provided on the introduced foreign DNA used for the plant transformation. For example, one of the most popular selective agents used is the antibiotic kanamycin, together with the resistance gene neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), which confers resistance to kanamycin and related antibiotics (see, for example, Messing & Vierra, Gene 19: 259-268 (1982); Bevan et al., Nature 304:184-187 (1983)). However, many different antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes can be used for transformation purposes (refer U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,034,322, 6,174,724 and 6,255,560). In addition, several herbicides and herbicide resistance genes have been used for transformation purposes, including the bar gene, which confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (White et al., Nucl Acids Res 18: 1062 (1990), Spencer et al., Theor Appl Genet 79: 625-631 (1990), U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,795,855, 5,378,824 and 6,107,549). In addition, the dhfr gene, which confers resistance to the anticancer agent methotrexate, has been used for selection (Bourouis et al., EMBO J. 2(7): 1099-1104 (1983).
  • Genes can be introduced in a site directed fashion using homologous recombination. Homologous recombination permits site specific modifications in endogenous genes and thus inherited or acquired mutations may be corrected, and/or novel alterations may be engineered into the genome. Homologous recombination and site-directed integration in plants are discussed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,451,513, 5,501,967 and 5,527,695.
  • Methods of producing transgenic plants are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Transgenic plants can now be produced by a variety of different transformation methods including, but not limited to, electroporation; microinjection; microprojectile bombardment, also known as particle acceleration or biolistic bombardment; viral-mediated transformation; and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,405,765; 5,472,869; 5,538,877; 5,538,880; 5,550,318; 5,641,664; and 5,736,369; and International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO/2002/038779 and WO/2009/117555; Lu et al., (Plant Cell Reports, 2008, 27:273-278); Watson et al., Recombinant DNA, Scientific American Books (1992); Hinchee et al., Bio/Tech. 6:915-922 (1988); McCabe et al., Bio/Tech. 6:923-926 (1988); Toriyama et al., Bio/Tech. 6:1072-1074 (1988); Fromm et al., Bio/Tech. 8:833-839 (1990); Mullins et al., Bio/Tech. 8:833-839 (1990); Hiei et al., Plant Molecular Biology 35:205-218 (1997); Ishida et al., Nature Biotechnology 14:745-750 (1996); Zhang et al., Molecular Biotechnology 8:223-231 (1997); Ku et al., Nature Biotechnology 17:76-80 (1999); and, Raineri et al., Bio/Tech. 8:33-38 (1990)), each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Other references teaching the transformation of Cannabis plants and the production of callus tissue include Raharjo et al 2006, “Callus Induction and Phytochemical Characterization of Cannabis sativa Cell Suspension Cultures”, Indo. J. Chem 6 (1) 70-74; and “The biotechnology of Cannabis sativa” by Sam R. Zwenger, electronically published April, 2009.
  • Microprojectile bombardment is also known as particle acceleration, biolistic bombardment, and the gene gun (Biolistic® Gene Gun). The gene gun is used to shoot pellets that are coated with genes (e.g., for desired traits) into plant seeds or plant tissues in order to get the plant cells to then express the new genes. The gene gun uses an actual explosive (.22 caliber blank) to propel the material. Compressed air or steam may also be used as the propellant. The Biolistic® Gene Gun was invented in 1983-1984 at Cornell University by John Sanford, Edward Wolf, and Nelson Allen. It and its registered trademark are now owned by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Most species of plants have been transformed using this method.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a naturally occurring bacterium that is capable of inserting its DNA (genetic information) into plants, resulting in a type of injury to the plant known as crown gall. Most species of plants can now be transformed using this method, including cucurbitaceous species. A transgenic plant formed using Agrobacterium transformation methods typically contains a single gene on one chromosome, although multiple copies are possible. Such transgenic plants can be referred to as being hemizygous for the added gene. A more accurate name for such a plant is an independent segregant, because each transformed plant represents a unique T-DNA integration event (U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,953). A transgene locus is generally characterized by the presence and/or absence of the transgene. A heterozygous genotype in which one allele corresponds to the absence of the transgene is also designated hemizygous (U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,437).
  • General transformation methods, and specific methods for transforming certain plant species (e.g., maize) are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,940,838, 5,464,763, 5,149,645, 5,501,967, 6,265,638, 4,693,976, 5,635,381, 5,731,179, 5,693,512, 6,162,965, 5,693,512, 5,981,840, 6,420,630, 6,919,494, 6,329,571, 6,215,051, 6,369,298, 5,169,770, 5,376,543, 5,416,011, 5,569,834, 5,824,877, 5,959,179, 5,563,055, and 5,968,830, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • Non-limiting examples of methods for transforming Cannabis plants and Cannabis tissue culture methods are described in Zweger (The Biotechnology of Cannabis sativa, April 2009); MacKinnon (Genetic transformation of Cannabis sativa Linn: a multipurpose fiber crop, doctoral thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland, 2003), MacKinnon et al. (Progress towards transformation of fiber hemp, Scottish Crop Research, 2000), and US 20120311744, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The transformation can be physical, chemical and/or biological.
    • Herbicide Resistance
  • Numerous herbicide resistance genes are known and may be employed with the invention. A non-limiting example is a gene conferring resistance to a herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem such as imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides. As imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides are acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides that prevent the formation of branched chain amino acids, exemplary genes in this category code for ALS and AHAS enzymes as described, for example, by Lee et al., EMBO J., 7:1241, 1988; Gleen et al., Plant Molec. Biology, 18:1185, 1992; and Miki et al., Theor. Appl. Genet., 80:449, 1990. As a non-limiting example, a gene may be employed to confer resistance to the exemplary sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron.
  • Resistance genes for glyphosate (resistance conferred by mutant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and aroA genes, respectively) and other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) and Streptomyces hygroscopicus phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) genes) may also be used. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah et al., which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a form of EPSPS that can confer glyphosate resistance. Non-limiting examples of EPSPS transformation events conferring glyphosate resistance are provided by U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,040,497 and 7,632,985. The MON89788 event disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,632,985 in particular is beneficial in conferring glyphosate tolerance in combination with an increase in average yield relative to prior events.
  • A DNA molecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCC Accession No. 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai. A hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene from E. coli that confers resistance to glyphosate in tobacco callus and plants is described in Penaloza-Vazquez et al., Plant Cell Reports, 14:482, 1995. European Patent Application Publication No. EP0333033 to Kumada et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374 to Goodman et al., disclose nucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetase genes that confer resistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin. The nucleotide sequence of a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene is provided in European Patent Application Publication No. EP0242246 to Leemans et al. DeGreef et al. (Biotechnology, 7:61, 1989) describe the production of transgenic plants that express chimeric bar genes coding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase activity. Exemplary genes conferring resistance to a phenoxy class herbicide haloxyfop and a cyclohexanedione class herbicide sethoxydim are the Acct-S1, Acct-S2 and Acct-S3 genes described by Marshall et al., (Theor. Appl. Genet., 83:435, 1992). As a non-limiting example, a gene may confer resistance to other exemplary phenoxy class herbicides that include, but are not limited to, quizalofop-p-ethyl and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
  • Genes are also known that confer resistance to herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis such as, for example, triazine herbicides (psbA and gs+ genes) and benzonitrile herbicides (nitrilase gene). As a non-limiting example, a gene may confer resistance to the exemplary benzonitrile herbicide bromoxynil. Przibila et al. (Plant Cell, 3:169, 1991) describe the transformation of Chlamydomonas with plasmids encoding mutant psbA genes. Nucleotide sequences for nitrilase genes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, and DNA molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC Accession Nos. 53435, 67441, and 67442. Cloning and expression of DNA coding for a glutathione S-transferase is described by Hayes et al. (Biochem. 1, 285:173, 1992). 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is a target of the HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, which deplete plant plastoquinone and vitamin E pools. Rippert et al. (Plant Physiol., 134:92, 2004) describes an HPPD-inhibitor resistant tobacco plant that was transformed with a yeast-derived prephenate dehydrogenase (PDH) gene. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) is the target of the PPO-inhibitor class of herbicides; a PPO-inhibitor resistant PPO gene was recently identified in Amaranthus tuberculatus (Patzoldt et al., PNAS, 103(33):12329, 2006). The herbicide methyl viologen inhibits CO2 assimilation. Foyer et al. (Plant Physiol., 109:1047, 1995) describe a plant overexpressing glutathione reductase (GR) that is resistant to methyl viologen treatment.
  • Siminszky (Phytochemistry Reviews, 5:445, 2006) describes plant cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification of multiple, chemically unrelated classes of herbicides. Modified bacterial genes have been successfully demonstrated to confer resistance to atrazine, a herbicide that binds to the plastoquinone-binding membrane protein QB in photosystem II to inhibit electron transport. See, for example, studies by Cheung et al. (PNAS, 85:391, 1988), describing tobacco plants expressing the chloroplast psbA gene from an atrazine-resistant biotype of Amaranthus hybridus fused to the regulatory sequences of a nuclear gene, and Wang et al. (Plant Biotech. 1, 3:475, 2005), describing transgenic alfalfa, Arabidopsis, and tobacco plants expressing the atzA gene from Pseudomonas sp. that were able to detoxify atrazine.
  • Bayley et al. (Theor. Appl. Genet., 83:645, 1992) describe the creation of 2,4-D-resistant transgenic tobacco and cotton plants using the 2,4-D monooxygenase gene tfdA from Alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pJP5. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20030135879 describes the isolation of a gene for dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) from Psuedmonas maltophilia that is involved in the conversion of dicamba to a non-toxic 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid and thus may be used for producing plants tolerant to this herbicide.
  • Other examples of herbicide resistance have been described, for instance, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,803,501; 6,448,476; 6,248,876; 6,225,114; 6,107,549; 5,866,775; 5,804,425; 5,633,435; 5,463,175.
    • Disease and Pest Resistance
  • Plant defenses are often activated by specific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene (R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen. A plant line can be transformed with a cloned resistance gene to engineer plants that are resistant to specific pathogen strains. See, for example Jones et al. (Science, 266:789-793, 1994) (cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium flavum); Martin et al. (Science, 262:1432-1436, 1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato); and Mindrinos et al. (Cell, 78(6):1089-1099, 1994) (Arabidopsis RPS2 gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae).
  • A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom may also be used for viral disease resistance. For example, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plant cells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease development effected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived and related viruses. See Beachy et al. (Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 28:451, 1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upon transformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etch virus, tobacco rattle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus.
  • A virus-specific antibody may also be used. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al. (Nature, 366:469-472, 1993), who show that transgenic plants expressing recombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack. Virus resistance has also been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,617,496; 6,608,241; 6,015,940; 6,013,864; 5,850,023 and 5,304,730. Additional means of inducing whole-plant resistance to a pathogen include modulation of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or pathogenesis related (PR) genes, for example genes homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana NIM1/NPR1/SAI1, and/or by increasing salicylic acid production (Ryals et al., Plant Cell, 8:1809-1819, 1996).
  • Logemann et al. (Biotechnology, 10:305-308, 1992), for example, disclose transgenic plants expressing a barley ribosome-inactivating gene that have an increased resistance to fungal disease. Plant defensins may be used to provide resistance to fungal pathogens (Thomma et al., Planta, 216:193-202, 2002). Other examples of fungal disease resistance are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,653,280; 6,573,361; 6,506,962; 6,316,407; 6,215,048; 5,516,671; 5,773,696; 6,121,436; and 6,316,407.
  • Nematode resistance has been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,992, and bacterial disease resistance has been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,671.
  • The use of the herbicide glyphosate for disease control in hemp plants containing event MON89788, which confers glyphosate tolerance, has also been described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,608,761.
    • Insect Resistance
  • One example of an insect resistance gene includes a Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof, or a synthetic polypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al. (Gene, 48(1):109-118, 1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding 6-endotoxin genes can be purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., for example, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998. Another example is a lectin. See, for example, Van Damme et al., (Plant Molec. Biol., 24:825-830, 1994), who disclose the nucleotide sequences of several Clivia miniata mannose-binding lectin genes. A vitamin-binding protein may also be used, such as, for example, avidin. See PCT Application No. US93/06487, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application teaches the use of avidin and avidin homologues as larvicides against insect pests.
  • Yet another insect resistance gene is an enzyme inhibitor, for example, protease, proteinase, or amylase inhibitors. See, for example, Abe et al. (I Biol. Chem., 262:16793-16797, 1987) describing the nucleotide sequence of a rice cysteine proteinase inhibitor; Linthorst et al. (Plant Molec. Biol., 21:985-992, 1993) describing the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor I; and Sumitani et al. (Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 57:1243-1248, 1993) describing the nucleotide sequence of a Streptomyces nitrosporeus α-amylase inhibitor.
  • An insect-specific hormone or pheromone may also be used. See, for example, the disclosure by Hammock et al. (Nature, 344:458-461, 1990) of baculovirus expression of cloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone; Gade and Goldsworthy (Eds. Physiological System in Insects, Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, Mass., 2007), describing allostatins and their potential use in pest control; and Palli et al. (Vitam. Horm., 73:59-100, 2005), disclosing use of ecdysteroid and ecdysteroid receptor in agriculture. The diuretic hormone receptor (DHR) was identified in Price et al. (Insect Mol. Biol., 13:469-480, 2004) as another potential candidate target of insecticides.
  • Still other examples include an insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom and a developmental-arrestive protein. See Taylor et al. (Seventh Int'l Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Edinburgh, Scotland, Abstract W97, 1994), who described enzymatic inactivation in transgenic tobacco via production of single-chain antibody fragments. Numerous other examples of insect resistance have been described. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,809,078; 6,713,063; 6,686,452; 6,657,046; 6,645,497; 6,642,030; 6,639,054; 6,620,988; 6,593,293; 6,555,655; 6,538,109; 6,537,756; 6,521,442; 6,501,009; 6,468,523; 6,326,351; 6,313,378; 6,284,949; 6,281,016; 6,248,536; 6,242,241; 6,221,649; 6,177,615; 6,156,573; 6,153,814; 6,110,464; 6,093,695; 6,063,756; 6,063,597; 6,023,013; 5,959,091; 5,942,664; 5,942,658, 5,880,275; 5,763,245 and 5,763,241.
    • Resistance to Abiotic Stress
  • Abiotic stress includes dehydration or other osmotic stress, salinity, high or low light intensity, high or low temperatures, submergence, exposure to heavy metals, and oxidative stress. Delta-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (PSCS) from mothbean has been used to provide protection against general osmotic stress. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mt1D) from E. coli has been used to provide protection against drought and salinity. Choline oxidase (codA from Arthrobactor globiformis) can protect against cold and salt. E. coli choline dehydrogenase (betA) provides protection against salt. Additional protection from cold can be provided by omega-3-fatty acid desaturase (fad7) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and levan sucrase (SacB) from yeast and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, can provide protection against drought (summarized from Annex II Genetic Engineering for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, Consultative Group On International Agricultural Research Technical Advisory Committee). Overexpression of superoxide dismutase can be used to protect against superoxides, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,878.
    • Additional Traits
  • Additional traits can be introduced into the hemp variety of the present invention. A non-limiting example of such a trait is a coding sequence which decreases RNA and/or protein levels. The decreased RNA and/or protein levels may be achieved through RNAi methods, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,559.
  • Another trait that may find use with the hemp variety of the invention is a sequence which allows for site-specific recombination. Examples of such sequences include the FRT sequence used with the FLP recombinase (Zhu and Sadowski, J. Biol. Chem., 270:23044-23054, 1995) and the LOX sequence used with CRE recombinase (Sauer, Mol. Cell. Biol., 7:2087-2096, 1987). The recombinase genes can be encoded at any location within the genome of the hemp plant and are active in the hemizygous state.
  • In certain embodiments hemp plants may be made more tolerant to or more easily transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For example, expression of p53 and iap, two baculovirus cell-death suppressor genes, inhibited tissue necrosis and DNA cleavage. Additional targets may include plant-encoded proteins that interact with the Agrobacterium Vir genes; enzymes involved in plant cell wall formation; and histones, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (reviewed in Gelvin, Microbiology & Mol. Biol. Reviews, 67:16-37, 2003).
  • In addition to the modification of oil, fatty acid, or phytate content described above, certain embodiments may modify the amounts or levels of other compounds. For example, the amount or composition of antioxidants can be altered. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,787,618 and 7,154,029 and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 00/68393, which disclose the manipulation of antioxidant levels, and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 03/082899, which discloses the manipulation of an antioxidant biosynthetic pathway.
  • Additionally, seed amino acid content may be manipulated. U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,016 and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 99/40209 disclose the alteration of the amino acid compositions of seeds. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,080,913 and 6,127,600 disclose methods of increasing accumulation of essential amino acids in seeds.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,223 describes synthetic storage proteins of which the levels of essential amino acids can be manipulated. International Patent Application Publication No. WO 99/29882 discloses methods for altering amino acid content of proteins. International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/20133 describes proteins with enhanced levels of essential amino acids. International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/56935 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,346,403; 6,441,274; and 6,664,445 disclose plant amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/45458 describes synthetic seed proteins having a higher percentage of essential amino acids than wild-type.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,436 discloses plants comprising a higher content of sulfur-containing amino acids; U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,801 discloses plants comprising a high threonine content; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,885,802 and 5,912,414 disclose plants comprising a high methionine content; U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,389 discloses plants comprising a high lysine content; U.S. Pat. No. 6,459,019 discloses plants comprising an increased lysine and threonine content; International Patent Application Publication No. WO 98/42831 discloses plants comprising a high lysine content; International Patent Application Publication No. WO 96/01905 discloses plants comprising a high threonine content; and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 95/15392 discloses plants comprising a high lysine content.
    • Cannabis Hemp Extracts and Compositions
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides for extracts and compositions from the hemp plants of the present disclosure. Cannabis extracts or products or the present disclosure include:
  • Solvent reduced oils—also sometimes known as oil, BHO, CO2 extract, among other names. This type of extract is made by soaking plant material in a chemical solvent capable of solubilizing one or more chemical constituents of the plant (e.g., cannabinoids and/or terpenes). After separating the solvent from plant material, the solvent can be boiled or evaporated off, leaving the extract “oil” behind. Butane Hash Oil is produced by passing butane over Cannabis and then letting the butane evaporate. Rick Simpson Oil is produced through isopropyl, or ethanol extraction of Cannabis. The resulting substance is a wax like golden brown paste. Another common extraction solvent for creating Cannabis oil is CO2. Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with CO2 extraction techniques and devices, including those disclosed in US 20160279183, US 2015/01505455, U.S. Pat. No. 9,730,911, and US 2018/0000857.
  • Heat extractions—The present disclosure also teaches extracts produced via heat-based extraction methods, such as those disclosed in US Patent Application Nos. US 2018/0078874, US 2019/0151771, US 2019/0076753, and U.S. Pat. No. 10,159,908, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. In some embodiments, the plants of the present disclosure can be extracted by exposing tissue to a hot air gas stream that volatizes cannabinoids and/or other secondary metabolites of the plant, which are then condensed and recovered in tanks.
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches exposing plants, plant parts or plant cells to vaporizing heat. As used herein, the term “vaporizing heat” refers to heat sufficient to volatize one or more terpene on cannabinoid components of said plant, plant part or plant cell. The boiling points for each of the cannabinoid and terpene constituents of a hemp plant are well known or readily ascertainable. In some embodiments, vaporizing heat comprises 150° F., 155° F., 160° F., 165° F., 170° F., 175° F., 180° F., 185° F., 190° F., 195° F., 200° F., 205° F., 210° F., 215° F., 220° F., 225° F., 230° F., 235° F., 240° F., 245° F., 250° F., 255° F., 260° F., 265° F., 270° F., 275° F., 280° F., 285° F., 290° F., 295° F., 300° F., 305° F., 310° F., 315° F., 320° F., 325° F., 330° F., 335° F., 340° F., 345° F., or 350° F., and all ranges and subranges therebetween.
  • Tinctures—are alcoholic extracts of Cannabis. These are usually made by mixing Cannabis material with high proof ethanol and separating out plant material. Within the dietary supplement industry “tincture” may also describe an oil dilution of hemp extract.
  • In some embodiments, the specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure is extracted via methods that preserve the cannabinoid and terpenes. In other embodiments, said methods can be used with any Cannabis plants. The extracts of the present disclosure are designed to produce products for human or animal consumption via inhalation (via combustion, vaporization and nebulization), buccal absorption within the mouth, oral administration (e.g., eating/drinking), and topical application delivery methods.
  • The chemical extraction of specialty Cannabis can be accomplished employing polar and non-polar solvents in various phases at varying pressures and temperatures to selectively or comprehensively extract terpenes, cannabinoids and other compounds of flavor, fragrance or pharmacological value for use individually or combination in the formulation of our products. The solvents employed for selective extraction of our cultivars may include water, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, butane, propane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, hexane, and limonene, in combination or series. It is also possible to extract compounds of interest mechanically by sieving the plant parts that produce those compounds. Measuring the plant part, i.e. trichome gland head, to be sieved via optical or electron microscopy can aid the selection of the optimal sieve pore size, ranging from 30 to 130 microns, to capture the plant part of interest. The chemical and mechanical extraction methods of the present disclosure can be used to produce products that combine chemical extractions with plant parts containing compounds of interest.
  • The extracts of the present disclosure may also be combined with pure compounds of interest to the extractions, e.g. cannabinoids or terpenes to further enhance or modify the resulting formulation's fragrance, flavor or pharmacology. Thus, in some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches compositions comprising at least one ingredient extracted from the ‘CW1AS1’ plant. In some embodiments, extracts from the hemp lines of the present disclosure are combined with one or more additional compounds. In some embodiments, extracts of the present disclosure, such as whole hemp extracts, or a purified cannabinoid from said hemp plant, can be combined with another cannabinoid or terpene to produce a composition.
  • The compositions of the present disclosure encompass many forms. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides CBD oils and tinctures. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides CBD capsules. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides CBD infused edibles, such as gummies, gum, lollipops, taffy, cookies, brownies, ice cream, chocolate, jerky, animal dry and wet foods, animal treats, etc. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides for cosmetics comprising CBD, such as lip stick, balms, creams, shampoo, conditioners, lotions, rubbing oils, lubricants, Etc. In some embodiments, the CBD oils comprise extracts from ‘CW1AS1’, such as solvent extracted oils, heat extracted oils. In some embodiments, the capsules comprise extracts from ‘CW1AS1.’
  • In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches hemp commodity products, including processed hemp inflorescences, fiber, hemp extract, cannabinoids, and terpenes. As used herein, the term “processed hemp inflorescences” means inflorescences from a hemp plant that have been harvested and dried to a moisture content of less than 20% wt./wt. In some embodiments, the processed hemp inflorescences are ground or broken up in smaller pieces.
    • Deposit Information
  • A deposit of the ‘CW1AS1’ hemp cultivar is maintained by CWB Holdings, Inc., 1720 S Bellaire St. Suite 600, Denver, Colo. 80222, USA. In addition, a sample of 2500 seeds of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety of this disclosure has been deposited with an International Depositary Authority as established under the Budapest Treaty according to 37 CFR 1.803(a)(1), at the National Collections of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB), Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, Scotland.
  • The ‘CW1AS1’ seeds were deposited as NCIMB 43291 on Nov. 23, 2018.
  • To satisfy the enablement requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112, and to certify that the deposit of the isolated strain (i.e., hemp plant) of the present disclosure meets the criteria set forth in 37 C.F.R. 1.801-1.809 and Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP) 2402-2411.05, Applicants hereby make the following statements regarding the deposited ‘CW1AS1’ hemp cultivar (deposited as NCIMB 43291):
      • 1. During the pendency of this application, access to the disclosure will be afforded to the Commissioner upon request;
      • 2. All restrictions on availability to the public will be irrevocably removed upon granting of the patent under conditions specified in 37 CFR 1.808;
      • 3. The deposit will be maintained in a public repository for a period of 30 years or 5 years after the last request or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer;
      • 4. A test of the viability of the biological material at the time of deposit will be conducted by the public depository under 37 C.F.R. 1.807; and
      • 5. The deposit will be replaced if it should ever become unavailable.
  • Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of this application to persons determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. § 122. Upon allowance of any claims in this application, all restrictions on the availability to the public of the variety will be irrevocably removed by affording access to a deposit of at least 2,500 seeds of the same variety with the NCIMB.
  • Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials, similar or equivalent to those described herein, can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the non-limiting exemplary methods and materials are described herein.
  • All publications and patent applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present disclosure is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior disclosure.
  • Many modifications and other embodiments of the disclosures set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these disclosures pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosures are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
  • While the disclosure has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and as follows in the scope of the appended claims.
    • Example 1. Cannabinoid Potency Tests
  • Samples of inflorescences from the ‘CW1AS1’ hemp line harvested at maturity were provided to a third party vendor for analysis. Three samples of the ‘CW1AS1’ inflorescences were analyzed by Botanacor Services using high performance liquid chromatography. The results of these analyses are provided below in Table 6.
  • TABLE 6
    Cannabinoid Potency Analysis Results for ‘CW1AS1’
    Analysis THC Potential CBD Potential
    1 0.26% 6.68%
    2 0.26% 6.87%
    3 0.27% 6.99%
    4 0.21% 7.28%
    5 0.24% 7.29%
    6 0.20% 7.32%
    • INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
  • All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. However, mention of any reference, article, publication, patent, patent publication, and patent application cited herein is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that they constitute valid prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in any country in the world.
    • Numbered Embodiments
  • Further embodiments contemplated by the disclosure are listed below.
  • 1. A seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein representative seed of the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 2. The hemp plant part of embodiment 1, wherein the plant part is an inflorescence.
  • 3. A hemp plant or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5.
  • 4. A hemp plant, or a plant part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-3.
  • 5. A hemp plant, or a part or a plant cell thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein a representative sample of seed of said variety was deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 6. A tissue culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant, plant part or plant cell of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein a new plant regenerated from the tissue culture has all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5 when grown under the same environmental conditions.
  • 7. A hemp plant regenerated from the tissue culture of embodiment 6, said plant having all the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ listed in Tables 1-5 when grown under the same environmental conditions.
  • 8. A hemp plant regenerated from the tissue culture of embodiment 6, wherein the regenerated plant has all of the characteristics of the hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein a representative sample of seed of said variety was deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 9. A method for producing a hemp seed, comprising a) selfing the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8, and b) harvesting the resultant hemp seed.
  • 10. A hemp seed produced by the method of embodiment 9.
  • 11. A method for producing a hemp seed comprising crossing the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 with a second, distinct plant.
  • 12. An F1 hemp seed produced by the method of embodiment 11.
  • 13. An F1 hemp plant, or a part or a plant cell thereof, produced by growing the seed of embodiment 12.
  • 14. A method of producing a hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ comprising: a) crossing the plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8, with itself or a second plant to produce progeny seed; b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a second plant to produce further progeny seed; and c) repeating steps (a) and (b) with sufficient inbreeding until a seed of an hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1’ is produced.
  • 15. The method of embodiment 14, further comprising crossing the hemp plant derived from the variety ‘CW1AS1,’ with a plant of a different genotype to produce seed of a hybrid plant derived from the hemp variety ‘CW1AS1.’
  • 16. A method for producing nucleic acids, the method comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of any one of embodiments 1-15.
  • 17. The hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8, comprising a single locus conversion and otherwise essentially all of the characteristics of the hemp plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 when grown in the same environmental conditions.
  • 18. The hemp plant of embodiment 17, wherein the single locus conversion confers said plant with herbicide resistance.
  • 19. The hemp plant of embodiment 17, wherein the single locus conversion is an artificially mutated gene or nucleotide sequence.
  • 20. The hemp plant of embodiment 17, wherein the single locus conversion is a gene that has been modified through the use of breeding techniques.
  • 21. A cultivar of hemp designated ‘CW1AS1’ as described and detailed herein.
  • 22. A method of producing a cannabinoid extract, said method comprising the steps a) contacting the plant of any one of embodiments 1-5 and 7-8 with a solvent, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
  • 23. A dry, sinsemilla non-viable plant or part thereof, wherein seed of hemp plants producing said dry plant and part thereof has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 24. An assemblage of dry, non-viable sinsemilla female inflorescences from a hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ wherein representative seed of the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 25. The dry, non-viable plant part of embodiment 23 or 24, wherein the plant part is an inflorescence.
  • 26. The dry, non-viable plant part of embodiment 23 or 24, wherein the plant part is a trichome.
  • 27. Dry, non-viable kief powder comprising cannabidiol (CBD), wherein seed of hemp plants producing said kief has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 28. A method of producing a hemp plant with cannabidiol (CBD), said method comprising propagating a vegetative cutting from a hemp plant variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ wherein representative seed of the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 29. The hemp plant with CBD, produced according to the methods of embodiment 28.
  • 30. The hemp plant of embodiment 5, wherein the plant is asexually reproduced.
  • 31. A method for producing a hemp plant with inflorescences that produce cannabidiol (CBD), said method comprising: propagating a vegetative cutting from a stock hemp plant, thereby producing the hemp plant having CBD; wherein the stock hemp plant is a product of applying a plant breeding technique to a variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, wherein representative seed of the variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 32. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is recurrent selection.
  • 33. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is mass selection.
  • 34. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is hybridization.
  • 35. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is open-pollination.
  • 36. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is backcrossing.
  • 37. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is pedigree breeding.
  • 38. The method of embodiment 31, wherein said plant breeding technique is mutation breeding, and wherein said mutation selected is spontaneous or artificially induced.
  • 39. The hemp plant of embodiment 5, wherein the plant is capable of producing an asexual clone of said hemp plant.
  • 40. The hemp plant of embodiment 39, wherein the asexual clone is capable of producing said hemp plant of embodiment 1.
  • 41. A method for producing a new hemp plant, said method comprising: propagating a vegetative cutting from a stock hemp plant, thereby producing the new hemp plant; wherein the stock hemp plant is a product of a single cross between: a parental line plant with another plant, or with itself; wherein the parental line has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 42. A method for producing a new hemp plant, said method comprising: propagating a vegetative cutting from a stock hemp plant, thereby producing the new hemp plant; wherein the stock hemp plant is a product of applying a plant breeding technique to a parental line plant; wherein the parental line has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
  • 43. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is recurrent selection.
  • 44. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is mass selection.
  • 45. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is hybridization.
  • 46. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is open-pollination.
  • 47. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is backcrossing.
  • 48. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is pedigree breeding.
  • 49. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is mutation breeding, and wherein said mutation selected is spontaneous or artificially induced.
  • 50. The method of embodiment 42, wherein said plant breeding technique is marker enhanced selection.

Claims (23)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for producing a Cannabis plant derived from a hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, said method comprising crossing ‘CW1AS1’ with another Cannabis plant, thereby producing a progeny Cannabis plant; wherein representative seed of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
a) crossing the progeny Cannabis plant from a previous step with itself or another Cannabis plant to produce a progeny Cannabis plant of a subsequent generation;
b) repeating step (a) for one or more additional generations to produce a Cannabis plant further derived from the hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of contacting the Cannabis plant further derived from the hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ or a plant part derived therefrom with a solvent, or exposing said Cannabis plant or plant part to vaporizing heat, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
4. A method for producing a Cannabis plant derived from a hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, said method comprising:
propagating a vegetative cutting from a stock Cannabis plant, thereby producing the Cannabis plant derived from the hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’;
wherein the stock Cannabis plant is a product of applying a plant breeding technique to ‘CW1AS1’, wherein representative seed of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of contacting the Cannabis plant derived from the hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ or a plant part derived therefrom with a solvent, or exposing said Cannabis plant or plant part to vaporizing heat, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is recurrent selection.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is mass selection.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is hybridization.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is open-pollination.
10. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is backcrossing.
11. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is pedigree breeding.
12. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is mutation breeding, and wherein said mutation selected is spontaneous or artificially induced.
13. The method of claim 4, wherein said plant breeding technique is marker enhanced selection.
14. A method for producing a Cannabis plant derived from a hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’, said method comprising:
crossing a stock Cannabis plant with itself or another Cannabis plant, thereby producing the Cannabis plant derived from the hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’;
wherein the stock Cannabis plant is a product of applying a plant breeding technique to ‘CW1AS1’, wherein representative seed of the ‘CW1AS1’ variety has been deposited under NCIMB No. 43291.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of contacting the Cannabis plant derived from the hemp variety designated ‘CW1AS1’ or a plant part derived therefrom with a solvent, or exposing said Cannabis plant or plant part to vaporizing heat, thereby producing a cannabinoid extract.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is recurrent selection.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is mass selection.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is hybridization.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is open-pollination.
20. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is backcrossing.
21. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is pedigree breeding.
22. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is mutation breeding, and wherein said mutation selected is spontaneous or artificially induced.
23. The method of claim 14, wherein said plant breeding technique is marker enhanced selection.
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