US20180191439A1 - Drone-based radio-over-fiber system - Google Patents
Drone-based radio-over-fiber system Download PDFInfo
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- US20180191439A1 US20180191439A1 US15/591,044 US201715591044A US2018191439A1 US 20180191439 A1 US20180191439 A1 US 20180191439A1 US 201715591044 A US201715591044 A US 201715591044A US 2018191439 A1 US2018191439 A1 US 2018191439A1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
- H04B10/801—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections
-
- B64C2201/122—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
- B64U2101/20—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for use as communications relays, e.g. high-altitude platforms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2210/00—Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
- H04B2210/006—Devices for generating or processing an RF signal by optical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
Definitions
- the present invention relates to telecommunication systems, and particularly to a drone-based radio-over-fiber (or radio frequency over fiber [RFoF]) system for coupling a telecommunication base station with an aerial drone, which has an on-board communication transceiver, through analog radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through fiber optics.
- RF radio frequency
- Aerial drones have been used in telecommunications to add portability and adjustability to radio transceivers.
- a typical system couples a ground-based transmission station to an aerial drone, replacing a conventional fixed radio tower with a radio system (including an antenna) mounted on the drone.
- the drone may be tethered to the ground station by digital fiber, a coaxial cable or the like.
- a 20 dB loss in signal intensity can be expected.
- the full set of radio equipment that must be mounted on or in the drone dramatically increases the size, weight and power consumption of the drone.
- Radio-over-fiber (RoF) or Radio Frequency-over-fiber (RFoF) is a communications technology in which light is modulated by a radio frequency signal and transmitted over an optical fiber link.
- RoF architecture a data-carrying radio frequency (RF) signal with a high frequency is imposed on a light wave signal before being transported over the optical link.
- Wireless signals are optically distributed to base stations directly at high frequencies and converted from the optical to electrical domain at the base stations before being amplified and radiated by an antenna. As a result, no frequency up-down conversion is required at the various base stations, thereby resulting in simple and cost-effective implementation enabled at the base stations.
- RoF also offers the advantages of lower transmission losses and reduced sensitivity to noise and electromagnetic interference when compared to all-electrical signal transmission.
- a drone-based radio-over-fiber system solving the aforementioned problems is desired.
- the drone-based radio-over-fiber system provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), preferably a multi-rotor drone, connected to a base station by a tether including an optical fiber.
- AV unmanned aerial vehicle
- a radio frequency-over-fiber system is used for bidirectional data communications between at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter at the base station and at least one antenna mounted on the drone through the optical fiber in the tether.
- RF radio frequency
- the system includes wave division multiplexers/demultiplexers that permit ultrahigh bandwidth communication over the tether.
- MIMO multiple-input, multiple-output
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a drone-based radio-over-fiber system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing system components of an embodiment of a drone-based radio-over-fiber system according to the present invention configured for a 2 ⁇ 2 MIMO antenna—LTE 700 MHz band system.
- the drone-based radio-over-fiber system provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), preferably a multi-rotor drone 12 , connected to a base station 14 by a tether 18 including an optical fiber.
- a radio frequency-over-fiber system is used for bidirectional data communications between at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter at the base station 18 and at least one antenna mounted on the drone through the optical fiber in the tether 18 .
- the system includes wave division multiplexers/demultiplexers that permit ultrahigh bandwidth communication over the tether 18 . As best seen in FIG.
- the drone-based radio-over-fiber system 10 includes a pair of base station radio frequency (RF) transceivers 20 A, 20 B, respectively, coupled to a first pair of optical modulator-demodulators 24 A, 24 B.
- RF radio frequency
- each transceiver 24 A, 24 B can simultaneously transmit/receive separate and independent data signals, thereby making efficient use of the bandwidth.
- a first pair of duplexers 22 A, 22 B is in respective communication with the pair of base station radio frequency transceivers 20 A, 20 B and the first pair of optical modulator-demodulators 24 A, 24 B. It should be understood that any suitable type of optical modulator-demodulators used in RoF applications may be utilized.
- each of the first pair of optical modulator-demodulators 24 A, 24 B may respectively include a 700 MHz RF diode 26 A, 26 B coupled with a corresponding laser 28 A, 28 B.
- the first pair of optical modulator-demodulators 24 A, 24 B output a pair of optical signals which are modulated by the respective RF signals.
- WDM wavelength division multiplexer
- first pair of optical modulator-demodulators 24 A, 24 B may receive a modulated optical signal from first wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 30 and demodulate the optical signal to deliver corresponding received RF signals to the pair of base station radio frequency transceivers 20 A, 20 B.
- WDM wavelength division multiplexer
- a wavelength division multiplexer multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths of laser light.
- the WDM enables bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber, as well as multiplication of capacity.
- the first wavelength division multiplexer 30 optically couples the pair of optical modulator-demodulators 24 A, 24 B to a first end of a tether 18 for the aerial drone 12 .
- the tether 18 is in the form of an optical fiber for transmitting the modulated optical signals. Any suitable type of optical coupler may be used to couple the first WDM 30 to tether 18 , such as, for example, dual-pass fiber optic rotary joint (FORJ) 32 . It should be understood that tether 18 may be any suitable type of fiber optic cable, such as single-mode fiber optic cable.
- the cable jacket may include a strengthening element, preferably Spectra® (Spectra is a registered trademark of Honeywell International referring to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers) shielding in the jacket, although Kevlar® (Kevlar is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company referring to a polyaramid fiber) shielding might be used in some embodiments.
- Spectra® Spectra is a registered trademark of Honeywell International referring to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers
- Kevlar® Kevlar is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company referring to a polyaramid fiber
- the optical signals are modulated by analog RF, thus allowing for transmission of analog RF through the optical fiber tether 18 .
- the aerial drone 12 may be any suitable type of conventional airborne drone or unmanned aerial vehicle, but includes an on-board communication system.
- the on-board communication system has a second pair of optical modulator-demodulators 36 A, 36 B which are coupled to a second end of the tether 18 by a second wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 34 .
- WDM wavelength division multiplexer
- each of the second pair of optical modulator-demodulators 36 A, 36 B may respectively include a 700 MHz RF diode 40 A, 40 B coupled with a corresponding laser 38 A, 38 B.
- the second pair of optical modulator-demodulators 36 A, 36 B receive a modulated optical signal from second wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 34 (transmitted thereto through tether 18 ), the signal is demodulated to deliver corresponding received RF signals to a pair of antennae 48 A, 48 B of a 2 ⁇ 2 multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system 50 (which is also part of the on-board communication system).
- WDM wavelength division multiplexer
- MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
- a second pair of duplexers 46 A, 46 B may be in respective communication with the second pair of optical modulator-demodulators 36 A, 36 B and the pair of antennae 48 A, 48 B.
- low power amplifiers 42 A, 42 B respectively couple the second pair of duplexers 46 A, 46 B to the second pair of optical modulator-demodulators 36 A, 36 B, as well as a power amplifier 44 .
- power amplifier 44 would similarly be a dual-channel 700 MHz power amplifier.
- the drone 12 carries an additional payload 16 , allowing drone 12 to be used for a variety of different applications in addition to the communication capability described above.
- Payload 16 may include, for example, electro-optical camera systems, an infrared (IR) camera, a thermal camera, a multi-spectral camera, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, a laser designator system or the like.
- IR infrared
- LIDAR light detection and ranging
- drone 12 may include any suitable type of hardware or additional payloads typically associated with aerial drones or unmanned aerial vehicles, such as global positioning system (GPS) navigation, accelerometers, gyroscopic control and stabilizing systems, backup batteries and the like.
- GPS global positioning system
- the MIMO antenna system 50 may be used for detection and direction-finding of RF signals. This may be used, for example, for detection of damaged radio components, the collection of RF signals for compliance verification, the collection of RF signals for surveying and geolocation and the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/384,862, filed on Sep. 8, 2016.
- The present invention relates to telecommunication systems, and particularly to a drone-based radio-over-fiber (or radio frequency over fiber [RFoF]) system for coupling a telecommunication base station with an aerial drone, which has an on-board communication transceiver, through analog radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through fiber optics.
- Aerial drones have been used in telecommunications to add portability and adjustability to radio transceivers. A typical system couples a ground-based transmission station to an aerial drone, replacing a conventional fixed radio tower with a radio system (including an antenna) mounted on the drone. The drone may be tethered to the ground station by digital fiber, a coaxial cable or the like. In such systems, particularly for tether/cable lengths over 100 feet in length, a 20 dB loss in signal intensity can be expected. Further, the full set of radio equipment that must be mounted on or in the drone dramatically increases the size, weight and power consumption of the drone.
- Radio-over-fiber (RoF) or Radio Frequency-over-fiber (RFoF) is a communications technology in which light is modulated by a radio frequency signal and transmitted over an optical fiber link. In RoF architecture, a data-carrying radio frequency (RF) signal with a high frequency is imposed on a light wave signal before being transported over the optical link. Wireless signals are optically distributed to base stations directly at high frequencies and converted from the optical to electrical domain at the base stations before being amplified and radiated by an antenna. As a result, no frequency up-down conversion is required at the various base stations, thereby resulting in simple and cost-effective implementation enabled at the base stations. RoF also offers the advantages of lower transmission losses and reduced sensitivity to noise and electromagnetic interference when compared to all-electrical signal transmission. Thus, a drone-based radio-over-fiber system solving the aforementioned problems is desired.
- The drone-based radio-over-fiber system provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), preferably a multi-rotor drone, connected to a base station by a tether including an optical fiber. A radio frequency-over-fiber system is used for bidirectional data communications between at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter at the base station and at least one antenna mounted on the drone through the optical fiber in the tether. The system includes wave division multiplexers/demultiplexers that permit ultrahigh bandwidth communication over the tether.
- An embodiment of the system for 2×2 multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) signals in the 700 MHz LTE band is described.
- These and other features of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.
-
FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a drone-based radio-over-fiber system according to the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing system components of an embodiment of a drone-based radio-over-fiber system according to the present invention configured for a 2×2 MIMO antenna—LTE 700 MHz band system. - Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the attached drawings.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , The drone-based radio-over-fiber system provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), preferably amulti-rotor drone 12, connected to abase station 14 by atether 18 including an optical fiber. A radio frequency-over-fiber system is used for bidirectional data communications between at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter at thebase station 18 and at least one antenna mounted on the drone through the optical fiber in thetether 18. The system includes wave division multiplexers/demultiplexers that permit ultrahigh bandwidth communication over thetether 18. As best seen inFIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the drone-based radio-over-fibersystem 10 includes a pair of base station radio frequency (RF)transceivers demodulators FIG. 2 , eachtransceiver duplexers radio frequency transceivers demodulators demodulators MHz RF diode corresponding laser RF transceivers demodulators demodulators radio frequency transceivers - The first wavelength division multiplexer 30 optically couples the pair of optical modulator-
demodulators tether 18 for theaerial drone 12. Thetether 18 is in the form of an optical fiber for transmitting the modulated optical signals. Any suitable type of optical coupler may be used to couple thefirst WDM 30 to tether 18, such as, for example, dual-pass fiber optic rotary joint (FORJ) 32. It should be understood thattether 18 may be any suitable type of fiber optic cable, such as single-mode fiber optic cable. The cable jacket may include a strengthening element, preferably Spectra® (Spectra is a registered trademark of Honeywell International referring to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers) shielding in the jacket, although Kevlar® (Kevlar is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company referring to a polyaramid fiber) shielding might be used in some embodiments. Preferably, the optical signals are modulated by analog RF, thus allowing for transmission of analog RF through theoptical fiber tether 18. - The
aerial drone 12 may be any suitable type of conventional airborne drone or unmanned aerial vehicle, but includes an on-board communication system. The on-board communication system has a second pair of optical modulator-demodulators tether 18 by a second wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 34. Similar to that described above with regard to thebase station 14, it should be understood that any suitable type of optical modulator-demodulators used in RoF applications may be utilized. As an example, each of the second pair of optical modulator-demodulators MHz RF diode corresponding laser demodulators antennae antennas MIMO antenna system 50, the RF signals are respectively delivered to the second pair of optical modulator-demodulators second WDM 34 and transmitted tobase station 14 throughtether 18. - As in a conventional dual-channel RF system, a second pair of
duplexers demodulators antennae low power amplifiers duplexers demodulators power amplifier 44. For the example given above of 700 MHz RF diodes,power amplifier 44 would similarly be a dual-channel 700 MHz power amplifier. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , thedrone 12 carries anadditional payload 16, allowingdrone 12 to be used for a variety of different applications in addition to the communication capability described above.Payload 16 may include, for example, electro-optical camera systems, an infrared (IR) camera, a thermal camera, a multi-spectral camera, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, a laser designator system or the like. Further, it should be understood thatdrone 12 may include any suitable type of hardware or additional payloads typically associated with aerial drones or unmanned aerial vehicles, such as global positioning system (GPS) navigation, accelerometers, gyroscopic control and stabilizing systems, backup batteries and the like. - Further, in addition to the communications applications described above, the
MIMO antenna system 50 may be used for detection and direction-finding of RF signals. This may be used, for example, for detection of damaged radio components, the collection of RF signals for compliance verification, the collection of RF signals for surveying and geolocation and the like. - It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (2)
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US15/949,984 US10090929B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2018-04-10 | Drone-based radio-over-fiber system |
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US15/591,044 US20180191439A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2017-05-09 | Drone-based radio-over-fiber system |
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US10676331B1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2020-06-09 | Scantech Instruments, Inc. | Winch for an aerial drone deployed non-destructive evaluation scanner |
US20200189731A1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2020-06-18 | Flir Detection, Inc. | Cellular communication devices and methods |
US11513536B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-11-29 | T-Mobile Usa, Inc. | Operation of a tethered drone |
US20230034610A1 (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2023-02-02 | Dragonfly Pictures, Inc. | System and method for unmanned aerial signal relay |
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US10090929B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
CA3026397C (en) | 2021-03-30 |
CA3026397A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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