US20180120069A1 - Projectile - Google Patents
Projectile Download PDFInfo
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- US20180120069A1 US20180120069A1 US15/796,306 US201715796306A US2018120069A1 US 20180120069 A1 US20180120069 A1 US 20180120069A1 US 201715796306 A US201715796306 A US 201715796306A US 2018120069 A1 US2018120069 A1 US 2018120069A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- angle
- core
- tail portion
- supercavitating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
- F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
- F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
- F42B10/44—Boat-tails specially adapted for drag reduction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
- F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
- F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
- F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
- F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
- F42B10/46—Streamlined nose cones; Windshields; Radomes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a projectile, and more particularly, a projectile capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power.
- the present disclosure was made in light of the foregoing, and it is desirable to provide a lightweight projectile capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power.
- a projectile in an example, includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion.
- the middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion.
- a recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
- a length that the recess extends into the middle portion is in the range of L/11 to L/22 where L is a length of the projectile.
- a projectile in another example, includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion.
- the middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion.
- a recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
- a center of gravity of the projectile is disposed between a midpoint of the projectile and a terminal end of the head portion.
- a projectile in another example, includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion.
- the head portion includes a first region having a concave profile.
- the middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion.
- a recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary projectile shown in two rotated positions.
- FIG. 2A is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 2B is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile of FIG. 2A showing grooves of a first exemplary shape.
- FIG. 2C is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile of FIG. 2A showing grooves of a second exemplary shape.
- FIG. 2D is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile of FIG. 2A showing grooves of a third exemplary shape.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle.
- FIG. 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle.
- FIG. 5A is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle.
- FIG. 5B is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 5A .
- FIG. 5C is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 5B .
- FIG. 6A is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle.
- FIG. 6B is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 6A .
- FIG. 6C is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 6B .
- FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 8 is a side view of a projectile without grooves.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of a projectile.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of a projectile.
- FIG. 10 is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exploded and internal of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary jacketed projectile.
- FIG. 13A is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 13B is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 13C is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 13D is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 14A is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 14B is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 14C is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 14D is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 15A is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile core.
- FIG. 15B is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile core.
- FIG. 16 is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 17 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head.
- FIG. 18A is a side view of an exemplary projectile illustrating a supercavitation effect.
- FIG. 18B is a side view of an exemplary projectile illustrating a supercavitation effect.
- FIG. 19 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head.
- FIG. 20 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head.
- FIG. 21 is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram of an exemplary artillery projectile.
- the present disclosure applies, for example, to bullets having relatively small calibers for use in small guns such as pistols, rifles, and machineguns and shells having relatively large calibers for use in large guns or artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, and weapons installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, and submarines.
- references to projectiles may include bullets, shells, and substances expelled from weapons using an propellant.
- the present disclosure may also apply to projectiles that are expelled from weapons such as railguns using a magnetic field in addition to weapons using gunpowder as propellant.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an external appearance of a projectile according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the projectile 100 includes a head portion 110 , a middle portion 120 , and a tail portion 130 .
- the head portion 110 has an ogive shape with a substantially streamlined nose to reduce air resistance or the drag of air.
- the middle portion 120 may be a full diameter straight section.
- the caliber corresponds to the diameter of the middle portion 120 .
- the middle portion 120 may include a driving band 122 formed on an outer surface thereof near the tail portion 130 .
- the driving band 122 limits or prevents the forward loss of gas around the projectile 100 in cooperation with the rifling of the barrel and is made of, for example, copper or a gilding metal.
- the tail portion 130 includes a boat tail shape whose diameter gradually decreases.
- the tail portion 130 includes a plurality of grooves 132 .
- the plurality of grooves 132 may be symmetrically formed at regular intervals.
- Each of the grooves 132 extend from a part of the middle portion 120 up to the bottom of the projectile 100 and may be substantially in a straight line form. It should be noted that if the groove 132 has a helical shape, the projectile 100 may not move forward and deviate from the target, and thus the accuracy of hitting of the projectile 100 is remarkably lowered. In some examples, only some of the grooves 132 which are symmetrically arranged may extend from a part of the middle portion 120 up to the bottom of the projectile 100 .
- a length Lg of the groove 132 is larger than a length La of the tail portion 130 .
- the groove 132 may have various shapes, and for example, the groove 132 may be a semi-circular, semi-elliptical, or semi-oval cross-sectional shape or may have a polygonal cross-sectional shape such as a rectangular or triangular cross-sectional shape.
- a width of an upstream part 132 a and a width of a downstream part 132 b may be substantially equal or may be different.
- the width of the upstream part 132 a is smaller than the width of a downstream part 132 b .
- a depth of an upstream part 132 a and a depth of a downstream part 132 b may be substantially equal or may be different.
- the depth of the groove 132 gradually increases downwards.
- a cross-sectional shape of the upstream part 132 and a cross-sectional shape of the downstream part 132 b may substantially coincide or may be different.
- the cross-sectional shape of the upstream part 132 may coincide with the cross-sectional shape of the downstream part 132 b , but the width of the upstream part 132 a may be different from the width of the downstream part 132 b .
- a radius value of the cross section of the upstream part 132 be substantially equal to a radius value of the cross-section of the downstream part 132 b .
- an internal angle of the inverted triangle of the cross section of the upstream part 132 be substantially equal to an internal angle of the inverted triangle of cross section of the downstream part 132 b.
- the description will proceed with an example in which the upstream part 132 a and the downstream part 132 b have the semi-circular cross section, the width of the groove 132 gradually increases downwards, and the depth of the groove 132 gradually increases downwards.
- the length Lg of the groove 132 is larger than the length Lt of the tail portion 130 .
- a certain amount of gas is uniformly discharged through the groove 132 exposed from the muzzle as illustrated in FIG. 3 , and thus a yaw angle ⁇ y of the projectile 100 is reduced at an early stage as illustrated in FIG. 4 , and the projectile 100 flies stably, leading to a long effective range and a high accuracy of hitting.
- FIGS. 5A-5C are photographs illustrating firing of a conventional projectile
- FIGS. 6A-6C are photographs illustrating firing the projectile 100 of the present disclosure.
- the gas may be uniformly discharged through the groove 132 exposed from the muzzle, and the projectile 100 stably flies with a small yaw angle, as compared with the projectile of the related art.
- the length Lt of the tail portion 130 is 1 ⁇ 8 to 1 ⁇ 2 of the length (L) of the projectile 100 , and the length Lg of the groove 132 is larger than the length of the tail portion 130 by Ld.
- Preferable dimensions are:
- ⁇ t indicates an angle of the tail portion 132 relative to the outer surface of the middle portion 120 (hereinafter referred to as a “tail angle”)
- ⁇ g indicates an angle of the groove 132 relative to the outer surface of the middle portion 120 (hereinafter referred to as a “groove angle”). That is, ⁇ g is an angle between an imaginary line obtained by connecting the deepest part (for example, a center point Pdc) of the groove 132 with a center point Puc of the upstream part 132 a and an imaginary line extended from the outer surface of the middle portion 120 .
- the groove angle ⁇ g is preferably set to satisfy the following Formula (1):
- tan tg (2 ⁇ C )/3)/ ⁇ ( L/ 8 to L/ 2)+( L/ 11 to L/ 22)) to ( C/ 2)/ ⁇ ( L/ 8 to L/ 2)+( L/ 11 to L/ 22) ⁇ , (1)
- L indicates the length of the projectile 100
- C indicates the diameter of the projectile 100 .
- a difference between the groove angle ⁇ g and the tail angle ⁇ t depends on the diameter of the projectile 100 and is in a range of preferably 5° to 30°, and more preferably 10° to 20°. As the diameter (or the length) of the projectile 100 increases, the difference between the groove angle ⁇ g and the tail angle ⁇ t decreases, and a difference between the length Lt and the length Lg increases.
- the groove 132 may extend on the same imaginary line serving as a center line CL (that is, an axis) of the projectile 100 or may extend with an angle ⁇ a relative to the center line CL of the projectile 100 (hereinafter referred to as an “axis angle”) as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- the axis angle ⁇ a of the groove 132 indicates an angle of an axial line passing the center point Puc of the upstream part 132 a and the center point of Pdc of the downstream part 132 b relative to the center line CL of the projectile 100 .
- the axis angle ⁇ a is in a range of preferably ⁇ 15° to +30°, and more preferably ⁇ 4° to +10°.
- a minus sign “ ⁇ ’ indicates a left direction centering on the center line of the projectile 100
- a plus sign “+” indicates a right direction centering on the center line of the projectile 100 .
- pressure of the propellant may push a certain area or more of the bottom of the projectile 100 when the projectile 100 is fired.
- the bottom of the projectile 100 has a certain area or more.
- the grooves 132 are formed so that the desired area is provided in the bottom of the projectile 100 .
- the bottom area is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 3 of an area of a projectile having no groove.
- the width and the depth of the groove 132 and the number of the grooves 132 are arranged so that, in an example, 1 ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 3 of the area of the bottom of the projectile 100 remains.
- the three grooves 132 are formed so that 1 ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 3 of the area of the bottom of the projectile 100 remains relative to the area without the grooves.
- the projectile of the related art suffers from an irregular air flow such as a vortex occurring behind the tail portion, and the flying force of the projectile is reduced accordingly.
- the projectile 100 since the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of grooves 132 with the above-described structure, the air flows into the bottom of the projectile 100 along the grooves, and the irregular air flow such as the vortex does not occur or is reduced. Thus, the projectile 100 stably flies toward the target with a small yaw angle, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile 100 are remarkably increased. In addition, since the gas may be uniformly discharged at the early stage, the recoil is reduced.
- the center of pressure (CP) is at a relative front position
- the center of gravity (CG) is at a relative rear position. Since the length of the projectile varies depending on the use purpose of the projectile, as the length of the projectile increases, the distance between the center of pressure (CP) and the center of gravity (CP) increases. As the distance between the center of pressure (CP) and the center of gravity (CP) increases, the yaw angle increases. The projectile expelled from the muzzle undergoes the spin precession maneuver (SPM) in which the projectile spins on the axis (e.g., the center line) thereof with the yaw angle.
- SPM spin precession maneuver
- the spin precession maneuver (SPM) with the large yaw angle reduces the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile. If the projectile rotates 180° in the traveling direction, and the tail portion of the projectile is positioned at front while giving little impact to the target as illustrated in FIG. 9A .
- the projectile of the present embodiment has a center of gravity (CG) close to the center of pressure (CP), as illustrated in FIG. 10 .
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the projectile 100 includes a plurality of cores.
- the projectile 100 is illustrated with first and second cores 140 and 150 .
- a jacket is not separately formed, and the outer surfaces of the first and second cores 140 and 150 serve as the jacket.
- the first and second cores 140 and 150 may be enveloped by a jacket 160 made of, for example, copper as illustrated in FIG. 12 .
- the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between a middle point of the projectile 100 (a position corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the length L of the projectile 100 ) and the center of pressure (CP). Accordingly, the yaw angle of the projectile 100 is reduced, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile are significantly improved as illustrated in FIG. 9B .
- the first and second cores 140 and 150 may be made of materials which cause the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 to be positioned between the middle point of the projectile 100 and the center of pressure (CP). As the distance between the center of gravity (CG) and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 decreases, the yaw angle decreases, and the improvement in the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile increases.
- CG center of gravity
- CP center of pressure
- the first core 140 and the second core 150 have the length Lc 1 and the length Lc 2 , respectively:
- L indicates the length of the projectile 100 .
- the number of cores included in the projectile is two, but the number of cores is not particularly limited as long as the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 100 and the center of pressure (CP).
- the number of cores may be one.
- the projectile 100 may have a single core in which the first core 140 and the second core 150 are integrally formed.
- the first and second cores 140 and 150 can be formed in various shapes as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 .
- FIG. 13 are diagrams illustrating examples in which the first and second cores 140 and 150 are separately formed
- FIG. 14 are diagrams illustrating examples in which the second core 150 is formed integrally with the first core 140 or the jacket 160 .
- the first core 140 may be made of a material which is higher in a specific gravity than the second core 150 .
- the first core 140 is made of metal or a non-metal material, for example, one or more of an iron (Fe)-carbon (C)-based alloy, a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy, alloy steel, an aluminum (Al)-based alloy, copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, stainless steel, cast iron, a tungsten (W)-based alloy, chromium (Cr) steel, a molybdenum (Mo)-based alloy, an Ni—Cr—Mo-based alloy, a uranium (U)-based alloy, a 5Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, and a 5Ni—Cr—Mo—V-based alloy.
- the second core 150 is made of metal or a non-metal material, for example, one or more of an Al-based alloy, stainless steel, carbon (C), reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material.
- a non-metal material for example, one or more of an Al-based alloy, stainless steel, carbon (C), reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material.
- the first core 140 and the second core 150 may be made of the same material, for example, one or more of an iron (Fe)-carbon (C)-based alloy, a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy, alloy steel, an aluminum (Al)-based alloy, copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, stainless steel, cast iron, a tungsten (W)-based alloy, chromium (Cr) steel, a molybdenum (Mo)-based alloy, an Ni—Cr—Mo-based alloy, a uranium (U)-based alloy, a 5Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, and a 5Ni—Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material.
- the shapes of the first core 140 and the second core 150 are decided so that the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between the middle point of the project
- the jacket 160 may be made of a soft material which is equal or lower in a specific gravity to or than the first core 140 , for example, one or more of copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, and an Al-based alloy.
- a soft material which is equal or lower in a specific gravity to or than the first core 140 , for example, one or more of copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, and an Al-based alloy.
- the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 can be positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 by selecting materials for the first and second cores 140 and 150 and adjusting the specific gravities or the shapes of the first and second cores 140 and 150 in accordance with the position of the center of pressure (CP).
- the position of the center of pressure (CP) varies depending on the shape of the head portion 110 of the projectile 100 , the length 100 of the projectile 100 , or the like.
- the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using various methods.
- the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using the following Formula (2):
- D indicates the diameter of the projectile
- the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using the following Formula (3)
- D indicates the diameter of the projectile
- the center of gravity (CG) is preferably positioned within a range of 0.333 ⁇ D to 1 ⁇ 2 from the terminal end of the head portion, and for projectiles having an paraboloid head portion, the center of gravity (CG) is positioned within a range of 0.466 ⁇ D to 1 ⁇ 2 from the terminal end of the head portion.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating an example of the second core 150 according to the present embodiment.
- the second core 150 may include a plurality of grooves 152 corresponding to the groove 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the groove 152 is formed as a part of the groove 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the cross-sectional shape, the depth, the groove angle, the groove width, and the like described above may be decided under the assumption that the groove 130 and the groove 152 constitute one groove.
- the groove 152 may have substantially the same axis angle as the groove 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating another example of the second core 150 according to the present embodiment.
- the second core 150 according to the present embodiment may further include a plurality of recesses 154 which may be formed substantially in a straight line form.
- the stopping power may be increased by a plurality of recesses 154 .
- the first core 140 can be coupled with the second core 150 using various coupling techniques, and the present embodiment is not limited to a particular coupling technique.
- the first core 140 includes a first coupling portion 140 a
- the second core 150 includes a second coupling portion 150 a .
- the first core 140 may be coupled with the second core 150 such that the first coupling portion 140 a of the first core 140 is inserted into the second coupling portion 150 a of the second core 150 .
- the first coupling portion 140 a may include a male screw portion
- the second coupling portion 150 a may include a female screw hole.
- the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is preferably positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 by selecting materials for the first and second cores 140 and 150 and adjusting the specific gravities or the shapes of the first and second cores 140 and 150 in accordance with the position of the center of pressure (CP). Accordingly, the yaw angle decreases, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile are significantly improved.
- a ballistics test was conducted on the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment.
- Federal American Eagle M855 (5.56 mm) (hereinafter referred to as “M855”) was used.
- the length of the projectile was 23.3 mm
- the weight was 4.01 g
- an amount of propellant was 27.21 grains
- the core was made of Cu and Pb
- the length of the boat tail was 2.5 mm.
- the length of the projectile 100 was 23.5 mm
- the weight was 2.89 g
- an amount of propellant was 27.00 grain
- the first core was made of Cu
- the second core was made of Pb
- the length of the boat tail was 9.8 mm
- the axis angle was +1°
- ⁇ t was 8.42°
- ⁇ g was 20.56
- three grooves were formed.
- the measurement was performed at a distance of 50 m, and the projectile of the present embodiment was five times higher in a degree of concentration than M855.
- the yaw phenomenon was remarkably shown in M855, but the projectile 100 of the present embodiment penetrated with little yaw angle.
- the weight of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment was much smaller than that of M855, the projectile 100 of the present embodiment showed almost the same level of destructive power as M855.
- the effective range test a simulation was performed, and as a result of simulation, the effective range of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment was 800 m, whereas the effective range of M855 was 600 m.
- the first embodiment it is possible to provide a lightweight projectile capable of implementing the long effective range, the high accuracy of hitting, and the strong destructive power of the projectile.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 200 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment denote the same parts.
- the projectile 200 of the present embodiment is a projectile with attributes advantageous for use underwater (hereinafter referred to as an “underwater projectile”). However, it will be understood that the projectile is not limited to underwater use.
- the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes a head portion 210 , a middle portion 220 , and a tail portion 230 .
- the middle portion 120 of the first embodiment may be employed as the middle portion 220
- the tail portion 130 of the first embodiment may be employed as the tail portion 230 .
- the tail portion 230 may have a plurality of grooves 132 described above or may not include a plurality of grooves 132 described above.
- the projectile 200 of the present embodiment may have the internal configuration of the first embodiment.
- the projectile 200 of the present embodiment may have the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CP) is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 200 and the center of pressure (CP).
- CP center of gravity
- the projectile 200 may employ the tail portion 130 and the internal configuration which have been described in the first embodiment as the tail portion 230 and the internal configuration thereof. Since the tail portion 130 and the internal configuration have been described above, description thereof is omitted.
- the projectile 200 of the second embodiment differs from the projectile 100 of the first embodiment in the head portion 210 .
- the head portion 210 includes one or more supercavitating parts.
- the projectile 200 of the present embodiment will be described as including two or more supercavitating parts, but the number of supercavitating parts is not particularly limited. Even in the projectile 200 of the present embodiment including only one supercavitating part, the effective range of the projectile 200 is improved, and when the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes two or more supercavitating part, the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased accordingly.
- the head part 210 of the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes a first supercavitating part 210 a , a second supercavitating part 210 b , and an curved part 210 c .
- the head part 210 is preferably made of a material capable of penetrating the water while resisting the big impact without being deformed.
- the head part 210 is preferably made of a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy.
- the first supercavitating part 210 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 200 as illustrated in FIG. 18A .
- the first supercavitating part 210 a includes a tip 210 a - 1 and a first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
- the tip 210 a - 1 may have a substantially a semi-spherical shape.
- the tip 210 a - 1 can have various shapes.
- the top 210 a - 1 may have a pointed shape, a semi-elliptical shape, a semi-oval shape, or a polygonal shape.
- the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
- the pressure of water is suddenly lowered in the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 , so that the supercavity is formed large enough to encompass the projectile 200 . Since the supercavitation effect is created, the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased remarkably.
- a radius value Rt of the tip 210 a - 1 is 1 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 3 of a radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
- the radius value Rr 1 of the inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 is 1/10 to 4/10 of the diameter L of the projectile 200 .
- the second supercavitating part 210 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 200 when the velocity of the projectile 200 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 210 b as illustrated in FIG. 17B .
- the second supercavitating part 210 b includes an upwardly oblique part 210 b - 1 and a second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 .
- the upwardly oblique part 210 b - 1 has an angle ⁇ a 11 .
- the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
- the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 has an angle ⁇ r 11 larger than the angle ⁇ a 11 .
- the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 11 larger than the angle ⁇ a 11 .
- the angle ⁇ a 11 of the upwardly oblique part 210 b - 1 is 5° to 15°, and preferably, the angle ⁇ r 11 of the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 is equal to the angle ⁇ a 11 .
- a radius value Rr 2 of the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 is equal to the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
- the curved part 210 c may be similar to a corresponding part of a common projectile.
- the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes the first supercavitating part 210 a and the second supercavitating part 210 b , the supercavitation is performed twice, and the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased accordingly.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 300 according to a first modified example of the second embodiment.
- the projectile 300 of the present modified example includes a first supercavitating part 310 a , a second supercavitating part 310 b , and an curved part 310 c.
- the first supercavitating part 310 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 300 .
- the first supercavitating part 310 a includes a tip 310 a - 1 , a first upwardly oblique part 310 a - 2 , and a first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 .
- the tip 310 a - 1 is similar to the tip 210 a - 1 , the description of FIG. 17 can be applied to the tip 310 a - 1 , and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the first upwardly oblique part 310 a - 2 has an angle ⁇ a 21 .
- the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
- the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 has an angle ⁇ r 21 larger than the angle ⁇ a 21 .
- the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 21 larger than the angle ⁇ a 21 .
- the second supercavitating part 310 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 300 when the velocity of the projectile 200 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 310 b.
- the second supercavitating part 310 b includes a second upwardly oblique part 310 b - 1 , a third upwardly oblique part 310 b - 2 , and a fourth upwardly oblique part 310 b - 3 .
- an angle ⁇ a 22 of the second upwardly oblique part 310 b - 1 , an angle ⁇ a 23 of the third upwardly oblique part 310 b - 2 , and an angle ⁇ a 24 of the fourth upwardly oblique part 310 b - 3 are different from one another and have a relation of ⁇ a 22 ⁇ a 23 ⁇ a 24 .
- an angle ⁇ sc 11 formed by the first upwardly oblique part 310 a - 2 and the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 is substantially equal to an angle ⁇ sc 12 formed by the third upwardly oblique part 310 b - 2 and the fourth upwardly oblique part 310 b - 3 .
- the curved part 310 c may be similar to a corresponding part of a common projectile.
- the projectile 300 of the present embodiment includes the first supercavitating part 310 a and the second supercavitating part 310 b , the supercavitation is performed twice, and the effective range of the projectile 300 is increased accordingly.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 400 according to a second modified example of the second embodiment.
- the projectile 400 of the present modified example includes a first supercavitating part 410 a , a second supercavitating part 410 b , a third supercavitating part 410 c , and a curved part 410 d.
- the first supercavitating part 410 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 400 .
- the first supercavitating part 410 a includes a tip 410 a - 1 , a first upwardly oblique part 410 a - 2 , a second upwardly oblique part 410 a - 3 , and a third upwardly oblique part 410 a - 4 .
- the tip 410 a - 1 is similar to the tip 410 a - 1 , the description of FIG. 17 can applied to the tip 410 a - 1 , and thus description thereof is omitted.
- an angle ⁇ a 31 of the first upwardly oblique part 410 a - 1 , an angle ⁇ a 32 of the second upwardly oblique part 410 a - 2 , and an angle ⁇ a 33 of the third upwardly oblique part 410 a - 3 are different from one another and have a relation of ⁇ a 31 ⁇ a 32 ⁇ a 33 .
- the second supercavitating part 410 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 400 when the velocity of the projectile 400 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 410 b.
- the second supercavitating part 410 b includes a fourth upwardly oblique part 410 b - 1 and a first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 .
- the fourth upwardly oblique part 410 b - 1 has an angle ⁇ a 34 .
- the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
- the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 has an angle ⁇ r 31 larger than the angle ⁇ a 34 .
- the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 31 larger than the angle ⁇ a 34 .
- the third supercavitating part 410 c forms a third supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 400 when the velocity of the projectile 400 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 410 c.
- the third supercavitating part 410 c includes a fifth upwardly oblique part 410 c - 1 and a second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 .
- the fifth upwardly oblique part 410 c - 1 has an angle ⁇ a 35 .
- the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
- the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 has an angle ⁇ r 32 larger than the angle ⁇ a 35 .
- the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 32 larger than the angle ⁇ a 35 .
- an angle ⁇ sc 21 formed by the first upwardly oblique part 410 a - 2 , the second upwardly oblique part 410 a - 3 , and the third upwardly oblique part 410 a - 4 , an angle ⁇ sc 22 formed by the fourth upwardly oblique part 410 b - 1 and the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 , and an angle ⁇ sc 23 formed by the fifth upwardly oblique part 410 c - 1 and the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 are substantially equal.
- a radius value Rr 2 of the circle is substantially equal to the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 of FIG. 17 .
- a radius value Rr 3 of the circle is preferably substantially equal to the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 of FIG. 16 .
- the projectile 400 of the present embodiment since the projectile 400 of the present embodiment includes the first supercavitating part 410 a , the second supercavitating part 410 b , and the third supercavitating part 410 c , the supercavitation is performed three times, and the effective range of the projectile 400 is increased accordingly.
- the underwater projectile moving underwater, when a certain length or more comes into contact with the water, the underwater projectile is unable to move forward any more.
- the supercavity formed by the supercavitation to encompass the projectile depends on the diameter of the projectile.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram with exemplary dimensions of the head portion of the underwater projectile according to the present embodiment.
- the underwater projectile according to the present embodiment can have at least one supercavitating part, and the number of supercavitating parts is not particularly limited.
- the supercavitating parts are formed within a range of L/3 or less in a longitudinal direction and a range of D ⁇ 0.85 or less in a diameter direction (here, D is the diameter of the projectile).
- a height Q added when the second supercavitating part is added is at least 1 ⁇ 4 of Dsc 1 (Here, Dsc 1 indicates a diameter of the first supercavitating part), and a height added when the third supercavitating part is added is at least 1 ⁇ 4 of Dsc 2 (Here, Dsc 2 indicates a diameter of the second supercavitating part).
- the diameter Dsc 2 of the second supercavitating part is at least 1.25 ⁇ Dsc 1
- the diameter Dsc 3 of the third supercavitating part is at least 1.25 ⁇ Dsc 2 .
- the diameter of the supercavitating part may be increased by about 25%.
- the diameter Dsc 1 of the first supercavitating part can be obtained using the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
- the supercavitating parts can be formed using a combination of an upwardly oblique part and an inwardly recessed part having different angles.
- the number of supercavitating parts is not limited and preferably they are formed within the range of L/3 or less in the longitudinal direction and the range of D ⁇ 0.85 or less in the diameter direction.
- the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the underwater projectile are significantly improved.
- the projectile according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure can work in air as well as underwater and thus work from air to water and from water to air.
- the present disclosure can be applied to projectiles having an explosive installed therein such as may be used in artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, large guns, and the like installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, or submarines (hereinafter referred to as an “artillery projectile”).
- artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, large guns, and the like installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, or submarines
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artillery projectile 500 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the projectile 500 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure differs from the projectiles of the first and second embodiments in that an explosive is installed.
- the projectile 500 of the third embodiment may include the tail portion 130 including a plurality of grooves 132 described above and/or the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CG) is positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 .
- the projectile 500 of the third embodiment may include the head portion having the supercavitating part described in the second embodiment.
- reference numeral 510 indicates a fuse
- 520 indicates a front jacket including a core
- 530 indicates an inner filler
- 540 indicates a rear jacket
- 550 indicates a TNT filler serving as an explosive.
- the artillery projectile 500 illustrated in FIG. 22 is merely an example, and the present disclosure can be applied to artillery projectiles having different types of explosion structures or explosives.
- the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the artillery projectile are significantly improved.
- the lightweight projectile capable of implementing the long effective range, the high accuracy of hitting, and the strong destructive power of the projectile.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2016-0141881, filed Oct. 28, 2016, 10-2016-0145967, filed Nov. 3, 2016, and 10-2017-0049955, filed Apr. 18, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- The present disclosure relates to a projectile, and more particularly, a projectile capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power.
- There has been an interest in bullets or shells capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power. In addition, demands for lightweight bullets or shells are also increasing.
- In this regard, the present disclosure was made in light of the foregoing, and it is desirable to provide a lightweight projectile capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power.
- In an example, a projectile includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion. The middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion. A recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion. A length that the recess extends into the middle portion is in the range of L/11 to L/22 where L is a length of the projectile.
- In another example, a projectile includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion. The middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion. A recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion. A center of gravity of the projectile is disposed between a midpoint of the projectile and a terminal end of the head portion.
- In another example, a projectile includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion. The head portion includes a first region having a concave profile. The middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion. A recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
-
FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary projectile shown in two rotated positions. -
FIG. 2A is a side view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 2B is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile ofFIG. 2A showing grooves of a first exemplary shape. -
FIG. 2C is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile ofFIG. 2A showing grooves of a second exemplary shape. -
FIG. 2D is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile ofFIG. 2A showing grooves of a third exemplary shape. -
FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle. -
FIG. 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle. -
FIG. 5A is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle. -
FIG. 5B is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time afterFIG. 5A . -
FIG. 5C is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time afterFIG. 5B . -
FIG. 6A is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle. -
FIG. 6B is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time afterFIG. 6A . -
FIG. 6C is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time afterFIG. 6B . -
FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 8 is a side view of a projectile without grooves. -
FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of a projectile. -
FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of a projectile. -
FIG. 10 is a side view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exploded and internal of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary jacketed projectile. -
FIG. 13A is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 13B is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 13C is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 13D is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 14A is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 14B is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 14C is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 14D is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 15A is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile core. -
FIG. 15B is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile core. -
FIG. 16 is a side view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 17 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head. -
FIG. 18A is a side view of an exemplary projectile illustrating a supercavitation effect. -
FIG. 18B is a side view of an exemplary projectile illustrating a supercavitation effect. -
FIG. 19 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head. -
FIG. 20 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head. -
FIG. 21 is a side view of an exemplary projectile. -
FIG. 22 is a diagram of an exemplary artillery projectile. - Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- The present disclosure applies, for example, to bullets having relatively small calibers for use in small guns such as pistols, rifles, and machineguns and shells having relatively large calibers for use in large guns or artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, and weapons installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, and submarines. In this specification, references to projectiles may include bullets, shells, and substances expelled from weapons using an propellant. The present disclosure may also apply to projectiles that are expelled from weapons such as railguns using a magnetic field in addition to weapons using gunpowder as propellant.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an external appearance of a projectile according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The projectile 100 includes ahead portion 110, amiddle portion 120, and atail portion 130. - The
head portion 110 has an ogive shape with a substantially streamlined nose to reduce air resistance or the drag of air. - The
middle portion 120 may be a full diameter straight section. The caliber corresponds to the diameter of themiddle portion 120. Themiddle portion 120 may include adriving band 122 formed on an outer surface thereof near thetail portion 130. The drivingband 122 limits or prevents the forward loss of gas around the projectile 100 in cooperation with the rifling of the barrel and is made of, for example, copper or a gilding metal. - The
tail portion 130 includes a boat tail shape whose diameter gradually decreases. Thetail portion 130 includes a plurality ofgrooves 132. The plurality ofgrooves 132 may be symmetrically formed at regular intervals. Each of thegrooves 132 extend from a part of themiddle portion 120 up to the bottom of the projectile 100 and may be substantially in a straight line form. It should be noted that if thegroove 132 has a helical shape, the projectile 100 may not move forward and deviate from the target, and thus the accuracy of hitting of the projectile 100 is remarkably lowered. In some examples, only some of thegrooves 132 which are symmetrically arranged may extend from a part of themiddle portion 120 up to the bottom of the projectile 100. As will be described later, in some examples, a length Lg of thegroove 132 is larger than a length La of thetail portion 130. As illustrated inFIGS. 2B-2D , thegroove 132 may have various shapes, and for example, thegroove 132 may be a semi-circular, semi-elliptical, or semi-oval cross-sectional shape or may have a polygonal cross-sectional shape such as a rectangular or triangular cross-sectional shape. - In the
groove 132, a width of anupstream part 132 a and a width of adownstream part 132 b may be substantially equal or may be different. In the example ofFIG. 1 , the width of theupstream part 132 a is smaller than the width of adownstream part 132 b. Similarly, a depth of anupstream part 132 a and a depth of adownstream part 132 b may be substantially equal or may be different. Preferably, the depth of thegroove 132 gradually increases downwards. A cross-sectional shape of theupstream part 132 and a cross-sectional shape of thedownstream part 132 b may substantially coincide or may be different. For example, the cross-sectional shape of theupstream part 132 may coincide with the cross-sectional shape of thedownstream part 132 b, but the width of theupstream part 132 a may be different from the width of thedownstream part 132 b. For example, in a case in which theupstream part 132 and thedownstream part 132 b have a semi-circular shape, it is preferable that a radius value of the cross section of theupstream part 132 be substantially equal to a radius value of the cross-section of thedownstream part 132 b. Similarly, in a case in which theupstream part 132 and thedownstream part 132 b have an inverted triangle, it is preferable that an internal angle of the inverted triangle of the cross section of theupstream part 132 be substantially equal to an internal angle of the inverted triangle of cross section of thedownstream part 132 b. - Here, for the sake of simplicity of description, the description will proceed with an example in which the
upstream part 132 a and thedownstream part 132 b have the semi-circular cross section, the width of thegroove 132 gradually increases downwards, and the depth of thegroove 132 gradually increases downwards. - As described above, the length Lg of the
groove 132 is larger than the length Lt of thetail portion 130. In this case, when the projectile 100 is expelled from the muzzle, a certain amount of gas is uniformly discharged through thegroove 132 exposed from the muzzle as illustrated inFIG. 3 , and thus a yaw angle θy of the projectile 100 is reduced at an early stage as illustrated inFIG. 4 , and the projectile 100 flies stably, leading to a long effective range and a high accuracy of hitting. - However, in the case of the projectile of the related art, when the projectile is expelled from the muzzle, the gas is non-uniformly discharged, and thus the yaw angle of the projectile is large, and the projectile flies unstably.
-
FIGS. 5A-5C are photographs illustrating firing of a conventional projectile, andFIGS. 6A-6C are photographs illustrating firing the projectile 100 of the present disclosure. As can be seen fromFIGS. 6A and 6B , when the projectile 100 is expelled from the muzzle, the gas may be uniformly discharged through thegroove 132 exposed from the muzzle, and the projectile 100 stably flies with a small yaw angle, as compared with the projectile of the related art. - Preferably, the length Lt of the
tail portion 130 is ⅛ to ½ of the length (L) of the projectile 100, and the length Lg of thegroove 132 is larger than the length of thetail portion 130 by Ld. Preferable dimensions are: -
Lt=L/8 to L/2 -
Lg=(L/8 to L/2)+(L/11 to L/22) -
Ld=Lg−Lt=L/11 to L/22 - In
FIG. 1 , θt indicates an angle of thetail portion 132 relative to the outer surface of the middle portion 120 (hereinafter referred to as a “tail angle”), and θg indicates an angle of thegroove 132 relative to the outer surface of the middle portion 120 (hereinafter referred to as a “groove angle”). That is, θg is an angle between an imaginary line obtained by connecting the deepest part (for example, a center point Pdc) of thegroove 132 with a center point Puc of theupstream part 132 a and an imaginary line extended from the outer surface of themiddle portion 120. The groove angle θg is preferably set to satisfy the following Formula (1): -
tan tg=(2×C)/3)/{(L/8 to L/2)+(L/11 to L/22)) to (C/2)/{(L/8 to L/2)+(L/11 to L/22)}, (1) - where L indicates the length of the projectile 100, and C indicates the diameter of the projectile 100.
- A difference between the groove angle θg and the tail angle θt depends on the diameter of the projectile 100 and is in a range of preferably 5° to 30°, and more preferably 10° to 20°. As the diameter (or the length) of the projectile 100 increases, the difference between the groove angle θg and the tail angle θt decreases, and a difference between the length Lt and the length Lg increases.
- The
groove 132 may extend on the same imaginary line serving as a center line CL (that is, an axis) of the projectile 100 or may extend with an angle θa relative to the center line CL of the projectile 100 (hereinafter referred to as an “axis angle”) as illustrated inFIG. 7 . The axis angle θa of thegroove 132 indicates an angle of an axial line passing the center point Puc of theupstream part 132 a and the center point of Pdc of thedownstream part 132 b relative to the center line CL of the projectile 100. The axis angle θa is in a range of preferably −15° to +30°, and more preferably −4° to +10°. Here, a minus sign “−’ indicates a left direction centering on the center line of the projectile 100, and a plus sign “+” indicates a right direction centering on the center line of the projectile 100. - To cause the
project 100 to be expelled from the muzzle and reach a desired distance, pressure of the propellant may push a certain area or more of the bottom of the projectile 100 when the projectile 100 is fired. In other words, the bottom of the projectile 100 has a certain area or more. Thegrooves 132 are formed so that the desired area is provided in the bottom of the projectile 100. The bottom area is preferably ½ to ⅔ of an area of a projectile having no groove. In other words, the width and the depth of thegroove 132 and the number of thegrooves 132 are arranged so that, in an example, ½ to ⅔ of the area of the bottom of the projectile 100 remains. In the example ofFIG. 7 , the threegrooves 132 are formed so that ½ to ⅔ of the area of the bottom of the projectile 100 remains relative to the area without the grooves. - The projectile of the related art suffers from an irregular air flow such as a vortex occurring behind the tail portion, and the flying force of the projectile is reduced accordingly.
- However, since the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of
grooves 132 with the above-described structure, the air flows into the bottom of the projectile 100 along the grooves, and the irregular air flow such as the vortex does not occur or is reduced. Thus, the projectile 100 stably flies toward the target with a small yaw angle, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile 100 are remarkably increased. In addition, since the gas may be uniformly discharged at the early stage, the recoil is reduced. - With reference to
FIG. 8 , without thegrooves 132, the center of pressure (CP) is at a relative front position, and the center of gravity (CG) is at a relative rear position. Since the length of the projectile varies depending on the use purpose of the projectile, as the length of the projectile increases, the distance between the center of pressure (CP) and the center of gravity (CP) increases. As the distance between the center of pressure (CP) and the center of gravity (CP) increases, the yaw angle increases. The projectile expelled from the muzzle undergoes the spin precession maneuver (SPM) in which the projectile spins on the axis (e.g., the center line) thereof with the yaw angle. The spin precession maneuver (SPM) with the large yaw angle reduces the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile. If the projectile rotates 180° in the traveling direction, and the tail portion of the projectile is positioned at front while giving little impact to the target as illustrated inFIG. 9A . - In this regard, the projectile of the present embodiment has a center of gravity (CG) close to the center of pressure (CP), as illustrated in
FIG. 10 . -
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment. The projectile 100 includes a plurality of cores. Here, for the sake of simplicity of description, the projectile 100 is illustrated with first andsecond cores FIG. 11 , a jacket is not separately formed, and the outer surfaces of the first andsecond cores second cores jacket 160 made of, for example, copper as illustrated inFIG. 12 . - In the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment, the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between a middle point of the projectile 100 (a position corresponding to ½ of the length L of the projectile 100) and the center of pressure (CP). Accordingly, the yaw angle of the projectile 100 is reduced, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile are significantly improved as illustrated in
FIG. 9B . - The first and
second cores - If the length of the
first core 140 is indicated by Lc1, and the length of thesecond core 150 is indicated by Lc2, in the present embodiment, preferably, thefirst core 140 and thesecond core 150 have the length Lc1 and the length Lc2, respectively: -
Lc1=L/5 to (3×L)/4 -
Lc2=L/4 to (4×L)/5, - where L indicates the length of the projectile 100.
- In the present embodiment, the number of cores included in the projectile is two, but the number of cores is not particularly limited as long as the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 100 and the center of pressure (CP). For example, the number of cores may be one. In other word, the projectile 100 may have a single core in which the
first core 140 and thesecond core 150 are integrally formed. The first andsecond cores FIGS. 13 and 14 .FIG. 13 are diagrams illustrating examples in which the first andsecond cores FIG. 14 are diagrams illustrating examples in which thesecond core 150 is formed integrally with thefirst core 140 or thejacket 160. - The
first core 140 may be made of a material which is higher in a specific gravity than thesecond core 150. In this case, thefirst core 140 is made of metal or a non-metal material, for example, one or more of an iron (Fe)-carbon (C)-based alloy, a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy, alloy steel, an aluminum (Al)-based alloy, copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, stainless steel, cast iron, a tungsten (W)-based alloy, chromium (Cr) steel, a molybdenum (Mo)-based alloy, an Ni—Cr—Mo-based alloy, a uranium (U)-based alloy, a 5Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, and a 5Ni—Cr—Mo—V-based alloy. Thesecond core 150 is made of metal or a non-metal material, for example, one or more of an Al-based alloy, stainless steel, carbon (C), reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material. - The
first core 140 and thesecond core 150 may be made of the same material, for example, one or more of an iron (Fe)-carbon (C)-based alloy, a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy, alloy steel, an aluminum (Al)-based alloy, copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, stainless steel, cast iron, a tungsten (W)-based alloy, chromium (Cr) steel, a molybdenum (Mo)-based alloy, an Ni—Cr—Mo-based alloy, a uranium (U)-based alloy, a 5Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, and a 5Ni—Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material. In this case, the shapes of thefirst core 140 and thesecond core 150 are decided so that the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 100 and the center of pressure (CP). - In a case in which the
jacket 160 is formed, thejacket 160 may be made of a soft material which is equal or lower in a specific gravity to or than thefirst core 140, for example, one or more of copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, and an Al-based alloy. - The center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 can be positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 by selecting materials for the first and
second cores second cores head portion 110 of the projectile 100, thelength 100 of the projectile 100, or the like. The position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using various methods. - For example, for projectiles having an ellipsoid head portion, the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using the following Formula (2):
-
CP=0.333×D, (2) - where D indicates the diameter of the projectile.
- For projectiles having an paraboloid head portion, the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using the following Formula (3)
-
CP=0.466×D, (3) - where D indicates the diameter of the projectile.
- In other words, in the present embodiment, for projectiles having an ellipsoid head portion, the center of gravity (CG) is preferably positioned within a range of 0.333×D to ½ from the terminal end of the head portion, and for projectiles having an paraboloid head portion, the center of gravity (CG) is positioned within a range of 0.466×D to ½ from the terminal end of the head portion.
-
FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating an example of thesecond core 150 according to the present embodiment. As illustrated inFIG. 15A , thesecond core 150 may include a plurality ofgrooves 152 corresponding to thegroove 130 illustrated inFIG. 1 . Thegroove 152 is formed as a part of thegroove 130 illustrated inFIG. 1 . Thus, the cross-sectional shape, the depth, the groove angle, the groove width, and the like described above may be decided under the assumption that thegroove 130 and thegroove 152 constitute one groove. Thegroove 152 may have substantially the same axis angle as thegroove 130 illustrated inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating another example of thesecond core 150 according to the present embodiment. As illustrated inFIG. 15B , thesecond core 150 according to the present embodiment may further include a plurality ofrecesses 154 which may be formed substantially in a straight line form. The stopping power may be increased by a plurality ofrecesses 154. - The
first core 140 can be coupled with thesecond core 150 using various coupling techniques, and the present embodiment is not limited to a particular coupling technique. In examples ofFIGS. 11 and 12 , thefirst core 140 includes afirst coupling portion 140 a, and thesecond core 150 includes asecond coupling portion 150 a. Thefirst core 140 may be coupled with thesecond core 150 such that thefirst coupling portion 140 a of thefirst core 140 is inserted into thesecond coupling portion 150 a of thesecond core 150. Thefirst coupling portion 140 a may include a male screw portion, and thesecond coupling portion 150 a may include a female screw hole. - As described above, in the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment, the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is preferably positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 by selecting materials for the first and
second cores second cores - A ballistics test was conducted on the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment. As a comparative example, Federal American Eagle M855 (5.56 mm) (hereinafter referred to as “M855”) was used. The length of the projectile was 23.3 mm, the weight was 4.01 g, an amount of propellant was 27.21 grains, the core was made of Cu and Pb, and the length of the boat tail was 2.5 mm. As an example of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment, the length of the projectile 100 was 23.5 mm, the weight was 2.89 g, an amount of propellant was 27.00 grain, the first core was made of Cu, the second core was made of Pb, the length of the boat tail was 9.8 mm, the axis angle was +1°, θt was 8.42°, θg was 20.56, and three grooves were formed.
- In the accuracy test, the measurement was performed at a distance of 50 m, and the projectile of the present embodiment was five times higher in a degree of concentration than M855.
- In the penetration test, both the projectile 100 of the present embodiment and M855 penetrated 6.8 mm soft steel plates at distances of 50 m to 200 m. The yaw phenomenon was remarkably shown in M855, but the
projectile 100 of the present embodiment penetrated with little yaw angle. Although the weight of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment was much smaller than that of M855, theprojectile 100 of the present embodiment showed almost the same level of destructive power as M855. - In the stopping power test, three 15 cm×15 cm ballistic gelatin tubes were used as a testing medium. M855 showed the effective stopping power up to the distance of 22 cm, but the
projectile 100 of the present embodiment showed the effective stopping power up to the distance of 35 cm. - In the effective range test, a simulation was performed, and as a result of simulation, the effective range of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment was 800 m, whereas the effective range of M855 was 600 m.
- As described above, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a lightweight projectile capable of implementing the long effective range, the high accuracy of hitting, and the strong destructive power of the projectile.
- Next, a projectile according to a second embodiment will be described.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 200 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment denote the same parts. - The projectile 200 of the present embodiment is a projectile with attributes advantageous for use underwater (hereinafter referred to as an “underwater projectile”). However, it will be understood that the projectile is not limited to underwater use. The projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes a
head portion 210, amiddle portion 220, and atail portion 230. Themiddle portion 120 of the first embodiment may be employed as themiddle portion 220, and thetail portion 130 of the first embodiment may be employed as thetail portion 230. In other words, thetail portion 230 may have a plurality ofgrooves 132 described above or may not include a plurality ofgrooves 132 described above. - The projectile 200 of the present embodiment may have the internal configuration of the first embodiment. In this case, the
projectile 200 of the present embodiment may have the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CP) is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 200 and the center of pressure (CP). - In the present embodiment, the projectile 200 may employ the
tail portion 130 and the internal configuration which have been described in the first embodiment as thetail portion 230 and the internal configuration thereof. Since thetail portion 130 and the internal configuration have been described above, description thereof is omitted. - The projectile 200 of the second embodiment differs from the projectile 100 of the first embodiment in the
head portion 210. Thehead portion 210 includes one or more supercavitating parts. The projectile 200 of the present embodiment will be described as including two or more supercavitating parts, but the number of supercavitating parts is not particularly limited. Even in theprojectile 200 of the present embodiment including only one supercavitating part, the effective range of the projectile 200 is improved, and when the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes two or more supercavitating part, the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased accordingly. - As illustrated in
FIG. 17 , thehead part 210 of the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes afirst supercavitating part 210 a, asecond supercavitating part 210 b, and ancurved part 210 c. When a bullet is fired into water, the bullet experiences big impact and may be mostly deformed. For this reason, thehead part 210 is preferably made of a material capable of penetrating the water while resisting the big impact without being deformed. For example, thehead part 210 is preferably made of a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy. - The
first supercavitating part 210 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 200 as illustrated inFIG. 18A . - The
first supercavitating part 210 a includes atip 210 a-1 and a first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2. Thetip 210 a-1 may have a substantially a semi-spherical shape. However, thetip 210 a-1 can have various shapes. For example, the top 210 a-1 may have a pointed shape, a semi-elliptical shape, a semi-oval shape, or a polygonal shape. The first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape. The pressure of water is suddenly lowered in the first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2, so that the supercavity is formed large enough to encompass the projectile 200. Since the supercavitation effect is created, the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased remarkably. - In a case in which the
tip 210 a-1 has a semi-spherical shape, preferably, a radius value Rt of thetip 210 a-1 is ⅕ to ⅓ of a radius value Rr1 of the first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2. In a case in which the first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2 has an inwardly rounded shape, preferably, the radius value Rr1 of the inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2 is 1/10 to 4/10 of the diameter L of the projectile 200. - The
second supercavitating part 210 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 200 when the velocity of the projectile 200 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with thesecond supercavitating part 210 b as illustrated inFIG. 17B . - The
second supercavitating part 210 b includes an upwardlyoblique part 210 b-1 and a second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2. The upwardlyoblique part 210 b-1 has an angle θa11. The second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape. The second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2 has an angle θr11 larger than the angle θa11. The second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle θr11 larger than the angle θa11. - Preferably, the angle θa11 of the upwardly
oblique part 210 b-1 is 5° to 15°, and preferably, the angle θr11 of the second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2 is equal to the angle θa11. In a case in which the second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2 has an inwardly rounded shape, preferably, a radius value Rr2 of the second inwardly recessedpart 210 b-2 is equal to the radius value Rr1 of the first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2. - The
curved part 210 c may be similar to a corresponding part of a common projectile. - As described above, since the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes the
first supercavitating part 210 a and thesecond supercavitating part 210 b, the supercavitation is performed twice, and the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased accordingly. -
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 300 according to a first modified example of the second embodiment. The projectile 300 of the present modified example includes afirst supercavitating part 310 a, asecond supercavitating part 310 b, and ancurved part 310 c. - The
first supercavitating part 310 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 300. - The
first supercavitating part 310 a includes atip 310 a-1, a first upwardlyoblique part 310 a-2, and a first inwardly recessedpart 310 a-3. Thetip 310 a-1 is similar to thetip 210 a-1, the description ofFIG. 17 can be applied to thetip 310 a-1, and thus description thereof is omitted. The first upwardlyoblique part 310 a-2 has an angle θa21. The first inwardly recessedpart 310 a-3 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape. The first inwardly recessedpart 310 a-3 has an angle θr21 larger than the angle θa21. The first inwardly recessedpart 310 a-3 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle θr21 larger than the angle θa21. - The
second supercavitating part 310 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 300 when the velocity of the projectile 200 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with thesecond supercavitating part 310 b. - The
second supercavitating part 310 b includes a second upwardlyoblique part 310 b-1, a third upwardlyoblique part 310 b-2, and a fourth upwardlyoblique part 310 b-3. Preferably, an angle θa22 of the second upwardlyoblique part 310 b-1, an angle θa23 of the third upwardlyoblique part 310 b-2, and an angle θa24 of the fourth upwardlyoblique part 310 b-3 are different from one another and have a relation of θa22<θa23<θa24. - Here, preferably, an angle θsc11 formed by the first upwardly
oblique part 310 a-2 and the first inwardly recessedpart 310 a-3 is substantially equal to an angle θsc12 formed by the third upwardlyoblique part 310 b-2 and the fourth upwardlyoblique part 310 b-3. - The
curved part 310 c may be similar to a corresponding part of a common projectile. - As described above, since the projectile 300 of the present embodiment includes the
first supercavitating part 310 a and thesecond supercavitating part 310 b, the supercavitation is performed twice, and the effective range of the projectile 300 is increased accordingly. -
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 400 according to a second modified example of the second embodiment. The projectile 400 of the present modified example includes afirst supercavitating part 410 a, asecond supercavitating part 410 b, a thirdsupercavitating part 410 c, and acurved part 410 d. - The
first supercavitating part 410 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 400. - The
first supercavitating part 410 a includes atip 410 a-1, a first upwardlyoblique part 410 a-2, a second upwardlyoblique part 410 a-3, and a third upwardlyoblique part 410 a-4. Thetip 410 a-1 is similar to thetip 410 a-1, the description ofFIG. 17 can applied to thetip 410 a-1, and thus description thereof is omitted. - Preferably, an angle θa31 of the first upwardly
oblique part 410 a-1, an angle θa32 of the second upwardlyoblique part 410 a-2, and an angle θa33 of the third upwardlyoblique part 410 a-3 are different from one another and have a relation of θa31<θa32<θa33. - The
second supercavitating part 410 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 400 when the velocity of the projectile 400 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with thesecond supercavitating part 410 b. - The
second supercavitating part 410 b includes a fourth upwardlyoblique part 410 b-1 and a first inwardly recessedpart 410 b-2. The fourth upwardlyoblique part 410 b-1 has an angle θa34. The first inwardly recessedpart 410 b-2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape. The first inwardly recessedpart 410 b-2 has an angle θr31 larger than the angle θa34. The first inwardly recessedpart 410 b-2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle θr31 larger than the angle θa34. - The third
supercavitating part 410 c forms a third supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 400 when the velocity of the projectile 400 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with thesecond supercavitating part 410 c. - The third
supercavitating part 410 c includes a fifth upwardlyoblique part 410 c-1 and a second inwardly recessedpart 410 c-2. The fifth upwardlyoblique part 410 c-1 has an angle θa35. The second inwardly recessedpart 410 c-2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape. The second inwardly recessedpart 410 c-2 has an angle θr32 larger than the angle θa35. The second inwardly recessedpart 410 c-2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle θr32 larger than the angle θa35. - Here, preferably, an angle θsc21 formed by the first upwardly
oblique part 410 a-2, the second upwardlyoblique part 410 a-3, and the third upwardlyoblique part 410 a-4, an angle θsc22 formed by the fourth upwardlyoblique part 410 b-1 and the first inwardly recessedpart 410 b-2, and an angle θsc23 formed by the fifth upwardlyoblique part 410 c-1 and the second inwardly recessedpart 410 c-2 are substantially equal. - If an imaginary circle is formed by connecting points p11, p12, and p13, preferably, a radius value Rr2 of the circle is substantially equal to the radius value Rr1 of the first inwardly recessed
part 210 a-2 ofFIG. 17 . Further, if an imaginary circle is formed by connecting points p11, p21, and p22, preferably, a radius value Rr3 of the circle is preferably substantially equal to the radius value Rr1 of the first inwardly recessedpart 210 a-2 ofFIG. 16 . - In the second modified example of the second embodiment, since the projectile 400 of the present embodiment includes the
first supercavitating part 410 a, thesecond supercavitating part 410 b, and the thirdsupercavitating part 410 c, the supercavitation is performed three times, and the effective range of the projectile 400 is increased accordingly. - In the case of the underwater projectile moving underwater, when a certain length or more comes into contact with the water, the underwater projectile is unable to move forward any more. The supercavity formed by the supercavitation to encompass the projectile depends on the diameter of the projectile.
-
FIG. 21 is a diagram with exemplary dimensions of the head portion of the underwater projectile according to the present embodiment. As described above, the underwater projectile according to the present embodiment can have at least one supercavitating part, and the number of supercavitating parts is not particularly limited. - For advantageous supercavitation, preferably, the supercavitating parts are formed within a range of L/3 or less in a longitudinal direction and a range of D×0.85 or less in a diameter direction (here, D is the diameter of the projectile). A height Q added when the second supercavitating part is added is at least ¼ of Dsc1 (Here, Dsc1 indicates a diameter of the first supercavitating part), and a height added when the third supercavitating part is added is at least ¼ of Dsc2 (Here, Dsc2 indicates a diameter of the second supercavitating part). In other words, the diameter Dsc2 of the second supercavitating part is at least 1.25×Dsc1, and the diameter Dsc3 of the third supercavitating part is at least 1.25×Dsc2. As described above, each time the supercavitating part is added, the diameter of the supercavitating part may be increased by about 25%. The diameter Dsc1 of the first supercavitating part can be obtained using the radius value Rr1 of the first inwardly recessed
part 210 a-2. - As described above, the supercavitating parts can be formed using a combination of an upwardly oblique part and an inwardly recessed part having different angles. The number of supercavitating parts is not limited and preferably they are formed within the range of L/3 or less in the longitudinal direction and the range of D×0.85 or less in the diameter direction.
- According to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the underwater projectile are significantly improved. In addition, the projectile according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure can work in air as well as underwater and thus work from air to water and from water to air.
- The present disclosure can be applied to projectiles having an explosive installed therein such as may be used in artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, large guns, and the like installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, or submarines (hereinafter referred to as an “artillery projectile”).
-
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artillery projectile 500 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. The projectile 500 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure differs from the projectiles of the first and second embodiments in that an explosive is installed. In other words, the projectile 500 of the third embodiment may include thetail portion 130 including a plurality ofgrooves 132 described above and/or the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CG) is positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100. The projectile 500 of the third embodiment may include the head portion having the supercavitating part described in the second embodiment. Since thetail portion 130 including a plurality ofgrooves 132 described above, the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CG) is positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100, and the head portion having the supercavitating part have been described above, description thereof is omitted. - In
FIG. 22 ,reference numeral 510 indicates a fuse, 520 indicates a front jacket including a core, 530 indicates an inner filler, 540 indicates a rear jacket, and 550 indicates a TNT filler serving as an explosive. - The artillery projectile 500 illustrated in
FIG. 22 is merely an example, and the present disclosure can be applied to artillery projectiles having different types of explosion structures or explosives. - According to the third embodiment of the present disclosure, the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the artillery projectile are significantly improved.
- As described above, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide the lightweight projectile capable of implementing the long effective range, the high accuracy of hitting, and the strong destructive power of the projectile.
- Preferred exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described for illustrative purposes, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the above described specific examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the following claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
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KR1020170168180A KR20190047567A (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2017-12-08 | Projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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KR10-2016-0141881 | 2016-10-28 | ||
KR1020160141881A KR101713529B1 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2016-10-28 | Bullets using a fluid of flowing surface of warhead and a method of maufacture |
KR10-2016-0145967 | 2016-11-03 | ||
KR1020160145967A KR101702955B1 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2016-11-03 | Bullet with Increased Effective Range |
KR1020170049955A KR101754061B1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | Flying stable bullets whose center of gravity is at the front of the bullet and its manufacturing method. |
KR10-2017-0049955 | 2017-04-18 |
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US20180120069A1 true US20180120069A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
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US15/796,306 Abandoned US20180120069A1 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2017-10-27 | Projectile |
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KR (1) | KR20190047567A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018080199A2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10119780B1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-11-06 | David Wayne Bergeron | Light gas gun projectile |
US10386164B2 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2019-08-20 | Dsg Technology As | Projectile of small arms ammunition |
US20200094319A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-03-26 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles |
CN112380784A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-19 | 西北工业大学 | Super-cavity projectile without tail wing and design method thereof |
US11156441B2 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-10-26 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Projectile, method of manufacturing a projectile and ammunition |
WO2024047034A1 (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-03-07 | Rws Gmbh | Projectile with reduced running load |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6085661A (en) * | 1997-10-06 | 2000-07-11 | Olin Corporation | Small caliber non-toxic penetrator projectile |
KR101021055B1 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-03-14 | 김준규 | Bullet with flow guiding grooves |
US8857343B2 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2014-10-14 | Liberty Ammunition, Llc | High volume multiple component projectile assembly |
KR101568319B1 (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-11-12 | 주식회사 두레텍 | Assembling Type Bullet |
KR101660887B1 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-09-28 | 주식회사 두레텍 | Bullet |
-
2017
- 2017-10-26 WO PCT/KR2017/011920 patent/WO2018080199A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-10-27 US US15/796,306 patent/US20180120069A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-12-08 KR KR1020170168180A patent/KR20190047567A/en unknown
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10386164B2 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2019-08-20 | Dsg Technology As | Projectile of small arms ammunition |
US10119780B1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-11-06 | David Wayne Bergeron | Light gas gun projectile |
US20200094319A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-03-26 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles |
US10900759B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-01-26 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles |
US11156441B2 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-10-26 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Projectile, method of manufacturing a projectile and ammunition |
CN112380784A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-19 | 西北工业大学 | Super-cavity projectile without tail wing and design method thereof |
WO2024047034A1 (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-03-07 | Rws Gmbh | Projectile with reduced running load |
Also Published As
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WO2018080199A2 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
WO2018080199A3 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
KR20190047567A (en) | 2019-05-08 |
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