US20170350629A1 - Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems - Google Patents
Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems Download PDFInfo
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- US20170350629A1 US20170350629A1 US15/173,077 US201615173077A US2017350629A1 US 20170350629 A1 US20170350629 A1 US 20170350629A1 US 201615173077 A US201615173077 A US 201615173077A US 2017350629 A1 US2017350629 A1 US 2017350629A1
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- pipe section
- heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
- F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
- F24T10/17—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using tubes closed at one end, i.e. return-type tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F25B41/04—
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- F25B41/06—
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
- F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
- F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/002—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for geothermal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
An air handling system that includes at least one earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly that further includes a first pipe section having an inner diameter and an outer diameter; a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween.
Description
- The described invention relates in general to air handling and air conditioning systems, devices, and methods, and more specifically to an air handling system that includes a plurality of earth-coupled heat exchangers that increase system efficiency.
- Earth-coupled or ground-coupled heating and cooling systems are widely utilized for efficiently providing environmental heating and cooling or process heating and cooling. A primary advantage of earth-coupled systems is the relatively constant temperature of subsurface soil, which provides a readily accessible source/sink for heating and cooling equipment. There are two basic types of earth-coupled systems. A first general type of system utilizes water source heat pump units that are connected to either ground water or other bodies of water that are pumped through the units to provide the source/sink for the units. Another variation of this earth-coupled system is a closed loop with piping extending down into wells bored into the earth or laid in shallow ditches and covered with earth. These systems can utilize either water or antifreeze as a transfer medium. The second general type of system is referred to as direct-coupled. A direct-coupled system utilizes refrigerant piping directly inserted into wells similar to the closed loop water system previously described.
- A significant disadvantage of well systems such as those described above is that these systems require piping to be installed with down pipes and risers together in a common well. When installed in this manner, the pipes transfer heat to each other along with the surrounding earth. Heat transfer between the pipes reduces total heat transfer to the earth and, therefore, requires more wells or deeper wells to achieve the desired heat transfer to the soil. Therefore, the net effect caused by two pipes transferring heat to each other is a reduction in the efficiency of the system, thus requiring a larger and more expensive heat exchanger to be installed. Accordingly, there is an ongoing need for a highly efficient, cost-effective heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled heating and cooling systems.
- The following provides a summary of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. This summary is not an extensive overview and is not intended to identify key or critical aspects or elements of the present invention or to delineate its scope.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a first air-handling system is provided. This air handling system includes at least one earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly, wherein the at least one earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly includes a first pipe section having an inner diameter and an outer diameter; a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween.
- In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a second air-handling system is provided. This air handling system includes a plurality of earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies each of which includes a first pipe section having an inner diameter and an outer diameter; a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween; a plurality of individual liquid lines, wherein each line is connected to the first pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly; and a plurality of hot gas suction lines, wherein each line is connected to the third pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly and is communication with the passageway formed between the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section
- In yet another aspect of this invention, a third air handling system is provided. This air handling system includes a plurality of earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies, each of which includes a first pipe section having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the first pipe section further includes a gas expansion device attached to the bottom portion thereof; a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween; a plurality of individual liquid lines, wherein each line in the plurality of individual liquid lines is connected to the first pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly at one end thereof and to a solenoid valve at the other end thereof, wherein each solenoid valve is connected to a manifold, wherein the manifold is connected to a main liquid line, and wherein the main liquid line is connected to the coil of an indoor air conditioning unit; and a plurality of hot gas suction lines, wherein each line in the plurality of hot gas suction lines is connected to the third pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly and is communication with the passageway formed between the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section, wherein each hot gas suction line is connected to a main hot gas suction line, and wherein the main hot gas suction line is connected to a compressor.
- Additional features and aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments. As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, further embodiments of the invention are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and associated descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive in nature.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, schematically illustrate one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the general description given above and detailed description given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention, and wherein:
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FIG. 1 is a schematic of an air handling system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is operating in cooling mode; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an air handling system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system is operating in heating mode; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a heat exchanger assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional top view of the heat exchanger ofFIG. 3 . - Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the Figures. Reference numerals are used throughout the detailed description to refer to the various elements and structures. Although the following detailed description contains many specifics for the purposes of illustration, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many variations and alterations to the following details are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following embodiments of the invention are set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the claimed invention.
- The present invention provides systems and devices for improving heat transfer in earth-coupled exchange systems commonly referred to as geothermal heating systems. Such systems are actually geo-exchange systems that utilize the relatively constant temperatures found in the soil below the surface of the earth. This invention permits a greatly reduced heat transfer to occur between the two pipes by disposing one pipe within the other pipe with the region between the two pipes evacuated to a vacuum. By way of comparison, the vacuum condition that exists between the two pipes reduces conductive heat transfer in the same manner that a thermos bottle reduces heat transfer. The ability to maintain a near perfect vacuum in the region between the two pipes improves the efficiency of the heat exchange to the earth. The highly efficient design of this invention also allows the system to operate with much greater temperature differentials than are normally associated with geo-exchange systems, thereby permitting a much smaller, less expensive system to provide capacity equivalent to larger, more expensive systems.
- With reference to the Figures,
FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary embodiment of the heating system of the present invention in its cooling mode andFIG. 2 depicts the same system in its heating mode. In bothFIG. 1 andFIG. 2 ,air handling system 100 includesair conditioning unit 200, which further includesindoor unit 202 that housescoil 204 and expansion device orvalve 206, to which mainliquid line 300 is connected. Manifold 302 is connected to mainliquid line 300 and further includes a plurality of in-line solenoid valves 304 to which individualliquid lines 306 are connected. Suction flow line 400 is connected torefrigerant reversing valve 402,accumulator 404, andcompressor 406.Compressor 406 is also connected to hotgas flow line 408, which is connected to a plurality of individual hot gas/suction lines 410. Each individualliquid line 306 and individual hot gas/suction line 410 is connected to an individualheat exchanger assembly 500. - Each individual
heat exchanger assembly 500 includes multiple pipe sections, which are concentrically arranged with regard to one another. With reference toFIGS. 3 and 4 , the innermost pipe section in eachheat exchanger assembly 500 isfirst pipe section 510, which is connected to an individualliquid line 306 at its upper end and an expansion device/piston assembly 512 at its lower end.First pipe section 510 is disposed withinsecond pipe section 520, which surrounds a portion offirst pipe section 510 and which is connected thereto at its lower end byconnector 522. Because the outer diameter offirst pipe section 510 is smaller than the inner diameter ofsecond pipe section 520, a cylindrical space orregion 524 is formed between these two pipe sections. Air inregion 524 is evacuated to create an insulating vacuum betweenfirst pipe section 510 andsecond pipe section 520. A portion ofsecond pipe section 520 is disposed withinthird pipe section 530.Connector 532 seals the upper portion ofthird pipe section 530 andcap 534 seals the lower portion ofthird pipe section 530.Connector 532 also attaches to an individual hot gas/suction line 410. Because the outer diameter ofsecond pipe section 520 is smaller than the inner diameter ofthird pipe section 530, a cylindrical space orregion 536 is formed between these two pipe sections. This space or region providespassage 536 for a refrigerant (as a hot gas) to flow withinheat exchanger assembly 500. Eachheat exchanger assembly 500 includes at least onespacer 540 for maintain the proper distance between the three pipe sections and adding structural stability to the heat exchanger assembly. - Each
heat exchanger assembly 500 utilizes refrigerant to transfer heat directly to or from the earth and the concentric design of eachheat exchanger assembly 500 allowsthird pipe section 530, which is the outermost pipe section, to directly contact the earth when properly installed. In an exemplary embodiment, each pipe section is constructed from ACR (air conditioning and refrigeration field services) copper pipe and fittings. For example, in an exemplary embodiment,first pipe section 510 is constructed from ⅜ inch ACR copper pipe;second pipe section 520 is constructed from ⅞ inch ACR copper pipe; andthird pipe section 530 is constructed from 1 and ⅛ inch ACR copper pipe. In some embodiments, hot gas/suction passage 536 is enhanced through the placement of a spiral structure or device 537 therein, which causes the refrigerant to move throughpassage 536 in a swirling motion. This swirling motion or swirling action causes a turbulent gas flow to occur and increases the heat transfer path length as the refrigerant flows throughheat exchanger assembly 500. The spiral structure may be formed around the inner diameter ofthird pipe section 530 from the material of the pipe, or the spiral structure may be a separate component that is inserted into the interstitial space betweensecond pipe section 520 andthird pipe section 530. Refrigerant passing through outer orthird pipe section 530 entersheat exchanger assembly 500 at the top portion thereof as high temperature, high pressure gas, or enters at the bottom through expansion device/piston assembly 512 as low temperature, low pressure gas.First pipe section 510, which is the smallest and innermost pipe section conveys liquid refrigerant throughheat exchanger assembly 500, with the direction of the flow being determined by the mode of operation of the system (i.e., either heating or cooling), as described in greater detail below. - With reference to
FIG. 1 , whenair handling system 100 is operating in cooling mode as a cooling unit, high-pressure liquid refrigerant travels upward throughfirst pipe section 510 to expansion valve 206 (located atcoil 204 of indoor unit 202), where it becomes a low-pressure, low-temperature gas. After passing throughexpansion valve 206, this low-pressure, low-temperature gas absorbs heat from the air to be cooled or process to be cooled, thereby providing the desired cooling effect. The low-pressure gas then enterscompressor 406, where it is compressed to high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This high-pressure, high-temperature gas then travels through hotgas flow line 408 and individual hot gas/suction lines 410 toheat exchanger assemblies 500. The high-pressure, high-temperature gas then travels downward through hot gas/suction passage 536 and transfers heat to the soil surrounding the exterior ofthird pipe section 530.Vacuum space 524 reduces heat transfer between hot gas/suction passage 536 andfirst pipe section 510, which is the passageway for the liquid refrigerant. When the high-pressure, high-temperature gas reaches the bottom area ofheat exchanger assembly 500, the gas has condensed into high-pressure, low-temperature liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant then bypasses expansion device/piston assembly 512 and entersfirst pipe section 510. The entire process then repeats. - With reference to
FIG. 2 , whenair handling system 100 is operating in heating mode as a heating unit, high-pressure liquid refrigerant travels fromcoils 204 ofindoor unit 202 through mainliquid line 300, manifold 302,solenoid valves 304, and individualliquid lines 306 to plurality ofheat exchanger assemblies 500. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant travels then travels downward throughfirst pipe section 510 to the bottom portion of eachheat exchanger assembly 500 where it then passes through expansion device/piston assembly 512. After passing through expansion device/piston assembly 512, the refrigerant enters hot gas/suction passage 536 as low-pressure, low-temperature gas. This low-pressure, low-temperature gas then travels up through hot gas/suction passage 536 and absorbs heat from the surrounding earth.Vacuum space 524 reduces heat transfer between hot gas/suction passage 536 andfirst pipe section 510. Warmed low-pressure gas then travels to the suction inlet ofcompressor 406 where it is compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This hot gas then travels to coils 204 ofindoor unit 202 where it transfers heat to the air or a process being heated and effectively heats the space or process conditioned byindoor unit 202 while condensing into high-pressure liquid. The cycle is then complete and the entire process repeats. - The two modes of operation discussed above, i.e., heating and cooling, are commonly associated with heat pumps, which are utilized for heating and cooling of interior spaces. The advantage of earth-coupled systems is the increased efficiency that results from utilizing the stable temperatures of the earth at depths deeper than about four feet below normal grade. Air handling or air conditioning systems that utilize wells or horizontal water-based apparatuses require considerable physical space and more material is necessary for achieving the system capacity required for most residences or other structures. Increased space requirements and greater required depths for wells results in increased costs and extends the period of time required to recover installation and materials costs based on added or increased system efficiency. Accordingly, such additional expenses often prevent an air handing installation from being cost-effective at all unless energy cost are truly excessive. Improving the efficiency of an earth-coupled heat exchanger permits a reduction in overall size of the system when installed and reduces the cost of the required installation.
- With regard to the present invention, and as shown in
FIGS. 1-2 , an exemplary system installation includes a common hot gas/suction line 408, which serves a plurality of earth coupledheat exchanger assemblies 500, as well as individualliquid lines 306 connected to eachheat exchanger assembly 500. This configuration permitsheat exchanger assemblies 500 to be activated individually. Individualliquid lines 306 are connected tomanifold 302, which includes electrically operatedsolenoid valves 304 that are used to select whichheat exchanger assemblies 500 are active at any given time. The ability to select the number ofheat exchanger assemblies 500 that are active can be used for load matching and performance optimization. If a compressor unit is used that includes part load capacity control such as a variable speed control or other method for part load operation, the number of activeheat exchanger assemblies 500 can be selected to match the actual system load. Assuring that there are moreheat exchanger assemblies 500 installed than are actually required for the maximum anticipated load, provides at least one inactiveheat exchanger assembly 500 at all times. This arrangement permitssystem 100 to use a rotating sequence for optimizing system performance based on temperatures measured from eachheat exchanger assembly 500. - Temperature sensors are typically installed on individual
liquid lines 306 for monitoring the performance of eachheat exchanger assembly 500.System 100, which includes a controller (not shown in the Figures), determines the least effectiveheat exchanger assembly 500 using a time-based algorithm and when that particular heat exchanger assembly passes a pre-determined threshold,system 100 takes that unit offline and a unit that was previously taken offline is then reactivated. This sequence optimizes the performance ofsystem 100 by providing the earth surrounding eachheat exchanger assembly 500 with a rest period to recover during peak periods of operation. - While the present invention has been illustrated by the description of exemplary embodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described in certain detail, there is no intention to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to any of the specific details, representative devices and methods, and/or illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept.
Claims (20)
1) An air handling system, comprising:
(a) at least one earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly, wherein the at least one earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly includes:
(i) a first pipe section, wherein the first pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter;
(ii) a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and
(iii) a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween.
2) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a gas expansion device connected to the first pipe section at the bottom portion thereof.
3) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a turbulence-inducing spiral structure disposed within the third pipe section.
4) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a stabilizing spacer disposed within the third pipe section.
5) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of individual liquid lines, wherein each line in the plurality of individual liquid lines is connected to the first pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly.
6) The system of claim 5 , further comprising a solenoid valve connected to each individual liquid line upstream from each earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly.
7) The system of claim 6 , wherein each solenoid valve is connected to a manifold, wherein the manifold is connected to a single liquid line, and wherein the single liquid line is connected to the coil of an indoor air conditioning unit.
8) The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of hot gas suction lines, wherein each line in the plurality of hot gas suction lines is connected to the third pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly and is communication with the passageway formed between the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section.
9) The system of claim 8 , wherein each hot gas suction line is connected to a main hot gas suction line, and wherein the main hot gas suction line is connected to a compressor.
10) An air handling system, comprising:
(a) a plurality of earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies, wherein each earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly in the plurality of earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies includes:
(i) a first pipe section, wherein the first pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter;
(ii) a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and
(iii) a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween;
(b) a plurality of individual liquid lines, wherein each line in the plurality of individual liquid lines is connected to the first pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly; and
(c) a plurality of hot gas suction lines, wherein each line in the plurality of hot gas suction lines is connected to the third pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly and is communication with the passageway formed between the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section.
11) The system of claim 10 , further comprising a gas expansion device connected to the first pipe section at the bottom portion thereof.
12) The system of claim 10 , further comprising a turbulence-inducing spiral structure disposed within the third pipe section.
13) The system of claim 10 , further comprising a stabilizing spacer disposed within the third pipe section.
14) The system of claim 10 , further comprising a solenoid valve connected to each individual liquid line upstream from each earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly.
15) The system of claim 14 , wherein each solenoid valve is connected to a manifold, wherein the manifold is connected to a single liquid line, and wherein the single liquid line is connected to the coil of an indoor air conditioning unit.
16) The system of claim 10 , wherein each hot gas suction line is connected to a main hot gas suction line, and wherein the main hot gas suction line is connected to a compressor.
17) An air handling system, comprising:
(a) a plurality of earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies, wherein each earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly in the plurality of earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies includes:
(i) a first pipe section, wherein the first pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the first pipe section further includes a gas expansion device attached to the bottom portion thereof;
(ii) a second pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the first pipe section, wherein the second pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first pipe section and the inner diameter of the second pipe section define a space therebetween, and wherein the space between the first pipe section and the second pipe section is evacuated to form an insulating vacuum therein; and
(iii) a third pipe section concentrically surrounding a portion of the second pipe section, wherein the third pipe section includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and wherein the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section define a passageway therebetween;
(b) a plurality of individual liquid lines, wherein each line in the plurality of individual liquid lines is connected to the first pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly at one end thereof and to a solenoid valve at the other end thereof, wherein each solenoid valve is connected to a manifold, wherein the manifold is connected to a main liquid line, and wherein the main liquid line is connected to the coil of an indoor air conditioning unit; and
(c) a plurality of hot gas suction lines, wherein each line in the plurality of hot gas suction lines is connected to the third pipe section of an earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly and is communication with the passageway formed between the outer diameter of the second pipe and the inner diameter of the third pipe section, wherein each hot gas suction line is connected to a main hot gas suction line, and wherein the main hot gas suction line is connected to a compressor.
18) The system of claim 17 , further comprising a turbulence-inducing spiral-shaped structure disposed within the third pipe section.
19) The system of claim 17 , further comprising a stabilizing spacer disposed within the third pipe section.
20) The system of claim 17 , wherein each earth-coupled heat exchanger assembly is adapted to be operated separately from the other earth-coupled heat exchanger assemblies.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/173,077 US20170350629A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2016-06-03 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
US16/136,658 US20190017733A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2018-09-20 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US15/173,077 US20170350629A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2016-06-03 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
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US16/136,658 Continuation US20190017733A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2018-09-20 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
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US20170350629A1 true US20170350629A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
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US15/173,077 Abandoned US20170350629A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2016-06-03 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
US16/136,658 Abandoned US20190017733A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2018-09-20 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
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US16/136,658 Abandoned US20190017733A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2018-09-20 | Heat exchanger for use with earth-coupled air conditioning systems |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019155129A1 (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2019-08-15 | Quantitative Heat Oy | Geothermal heat exchanger, geothermal heat arrangement and method for charging thermal energy into ground |
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