US20170300077A1 - Power management circuit and associated power management method - Google Patents
Power management circuit and associated power management method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170300077A1 US20170300077A1 US15/641,233 US201715641233A US2017300077A1 US 20170300077 A1 US20170300077 A1 US 20170300077A1 US 201715641233 A US201715641233 A US 201715641233A US 2017300077 A1 US2017300077 A1 US 2017300077A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- power management
- pcb
- voltage
- circuit
- sensing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
- G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F3/04—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is ac
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
Abstract
A power management circuit includes a voltage sensing circuit and a supply voltage adjusting circuit. The voltage sensing circuit is arranged for sensing a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of a PCB to generate a sensing result. The supply voltage adjusting circuit is coupled to the voltage sensing circuit, and is arranged for determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the sensing result.
Description
- This is a continuation of the co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 14/499,267 (filed on Sep. 29, 2014). The entire content of the related applications is incorporated herein by reference.
- In the past, a printed circuit board (PCB) generally uses a single power management integrated circuit (PMIC) to provide a supply voltage to multiple ICs/components. IR drop (i.e. voltage drop) variation among ICs/components may be insignificant because a current sink of each IC/component is small. However, for higher performance ICs/components which have higher power consumption but still need to be supplied by a single PMIC, IR drop variation is getting more serious. Therefore, how to accurately compensate IR drop becomes an important topic.
- It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a power management circuit and associated power management method, which may accurately compensate IR drop, to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- According to one embodiment of the present invention, a power management circuit comprises a voltage sensing circuit and a supply voltage adjusting circuit. The voltage sensing circuit is arranged for sensing a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of a PCB to generate a sensing result. The supply voltage adjusting circuit is coupled to the voltage sensing circuit, and is arranged for determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the sensing result.
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, a power management method comprises: sensing a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of a PCB to generate a sensing result; and determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the sensing result.
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, a power management method comprises: obtaining operation statuses of a plurality of ICs mounted on a PCB to generate a determining result; and determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the determining result.
- These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power management circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the voltage sensing circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the voltage sensing circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a power management circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 shows a method of a power management method according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a power management circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 shows a method of a power management method according to another embodiment of the present invention. - Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . ” The terms “couple” and “couples” are intended to mean either an indirect or a direct electrical connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct electrical connection, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections.
- Please refer to
FIG. 1 , which is a diagram illustrating apower management circuit 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 1 , thepower management circuit 100 has avoltage sensing circuit 110 and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 120, where thePMIC 120 includes a supply voltage adjustingcircuit 122, and thevoltage sensing circuit 110 is built in a chip external to thePMIC 120. Thepower management circuit 100 is positioned on a printed circuit board (PCB) 102, where the PCB 104 has a plurality of ICs mounted thereon (in this embodiment, there are six ICs: IC1-IC6). It is noted that thevoltage sensing circuit 110 not only can be implemented inside a chip, but also can be implemented outside a chip, such as implemented by a circuit composed of electronic components on thePCB 102. - The PCB 102 has a power plane (i.e. the
Vcc plane 104 shown inFIG. 1 ), thepower management circuit 100 and IC1-IC6 are positioned on the Vcc plane, and theVcc plane 104 of thePCB 102 is shared by thepower management circuit 100 and IC1-IC6. In this embodiment, thePCB 102 has only one PMIC, and the supply voltage adjustingcircuit 122 of thePMIC 120 is arranged for determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to the Vcc plane, and at least thevoltage sensing circuit 110 and IC1-IC6 receive the supply voltage from theVcc plane 104. - In the operations of the
power management circuit 100, thevoltage sensing circuit 110 senses a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of thePCB 102 to generate a sensing result. in the embodiment shown inFIG. 1 , thevoltage sensing circuit 110 senses voltage levels of the supply voltage received by IC1-IC6, respectively, to generate the sensing result. The sensing result generated by thevoltage sensing circuit 110 can be information about a lowest voltage among the sensed voltages, or information about an average of the sensed voltages, or any information which can be used to represent the supply voltage distribution or IR drop degree of thePCB 102. Then, thePMIC 120 receives the sensing result, and the supply voltage adjustingcircuit 122 determines the voltage level of the supply voltage by referring to the sensing result. - In this embodiment, source of the supply voltage supplied to the
Vcc plane 104 of thePCB 102 may be provided by a power generating circuit (not shown) or a power supply device (not shown), and thePMIC 120 may determine a voltage level of the supply voltage by referring to a target voltage level and the sensing results. Thus, a required supply voltage is provided to theVcc plane 104 of thePCB 102. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 1 , when the IC1-IC6 have higher power consumption and a large current sink, the operation status of each IC may result in different IR drop. For example, assuming that IC1 is active and IC2-IC6 are inactive, thevoltage sensing circuit 110 senses that the voltage level of the supply voltage received by IC1 has 6% IR drop, and thevoltage sensing circuit 110 senses that the voltage level of the supply voltage received by IC6 has 2% IR drop (among IC1-IC6, IC1 is closest to the PMIC 120), thevoltage sensing circuit 110 may feedback the lowest voltage (i.e. the sensed voltage from IC1) to thePMIC 120, and the supply voltage adjustingcircuit 122 may increase the supply voltage provided to theVcc plane 104 to compensate the IR drop (e.g. compensate 6% IR drop). - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 1 , thevoltage sensing circuit 110 is built in the chip external to thePMIC 120. In other embodiment, however, thevoltage sensing circuit 110 can be integrated in thePMIC 120 for cost reduction and higher accuracy. This alternative design shall fall within the scope of the present invention. - Please refer to
FIG. 2 , which is a diagram illustrating thevoltage sensing circuit 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 2 , thevoltage sensing circuit 110 includes a plurality of filters (in this embodiment, there are six low-pass filters 210_1-210_6),multiplexer 220, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 230 and acontroller 240. In the operations of thevoltage sensing circuit 110, the low-pass filters 210_1-210_6 receives the sensed voltages 1-6, respectively; themultiplexer 220 receives filtered voltages from the low-pass filters 210_1-210_6, and sequentially outputs the filtered voltages; theADC 230 receives the filtered voltages from themultiplexer 220, and performs analog-to-digital converting operations upon the filtered voltages to generate digital form of the filtered voltages; and thecontroller 240 generates the sensing result according to the digital form of the filtered voltages. - In addition, in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 2 , themultiplexer 230 is controlled to sequentially output the filter voltages from the low-pass filters 210_1-210_6 to theADC 230. However, in other embodiment, themultiplexer 230 can be controlled to output only a portion of the filtered voltages to theADC 230. This alternative design shall fall within the scope of the present invention. - Please refer to
FIG. 3 , which is a diagram illustrating thevoltage sensing circuit 110 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 3 , thevoltage sensing circuit 110 has a plurality of resistors R1-R6, wherein each of the resistor R1-R6 has a first node and a second node, the first nodes of the resistors R1-R6 are coupled to the nodes of the PCB to receive the sensed voltages 1-6, respectively, and the second node of each resistor is coupled to an output node Nout for providing the sensing result. - Please refer to
FIG. 4 , which is a diagram illustrating apower management circuit 400 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 4 , thepower management circuit 400 has avoltage sensing circuit 410 and aPMIC 420, where thePMIC 420 includes a supply voltage adjustingcircuit 422, and thevoltage sensing circuit 410 is built in a chip external to thePMIC 420. Thepower management circuit 400 is positioned on aPCB 402, where thePCB 404 has a plurality of ICs mounted thereon (in this embodiment, there are six ICs: IC1-IC6). - The PCB 402 has a power plane (i.e. the
Vcc plane 404 shown inFIG. 4 ), thepower management circuit 410 and IC1-IC6 are positioned on the Vcc plane, and theVcc plane 404 of thePCB 402 is shared by thepower management circuit 410 and IC1-IC6. In this embodiment, thePCB 402 has only one PMIC, the supply voltage adjustingcircuit 422 of thePMIC 420 is arranged for determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to the Vcc plane, and at least thevoltage sensing circuit 410 and IC1-IC6 receive the supply voltage from theVcc plane 404. - In the operations of the
power management circuit 400, thevoltage sensing circuit 410 senses a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of thePCB 402 to generate a sensing result. in the embodiment shown inFIG. 4 , thevoltage sensing circuit 410 senses voltage levels of the nodes N1-N3 of theVcc plane 404, respectively, to generate the sensing result, where the node N1 is close to IC1, the node N2 is close to IC4, and the node N3 is close to IC6. The sensing result generated by thevoltage sensing circuit 410 can be information about a lowest voltage among the sensed voltages, or information about an average of the sensed voltages, or any information which can be used to represent the supply voltage distribution or IR drop degree of thePCB 402. Then, thePMIC 420 receives the sensing result, and the supplyvoltage adjusting circuit 422 determines the voltage level of the supply voltage by referring to the sensing result, and generating the supply voltage to theVcc plane 404 of thePCB 402. - It is noted that the locations of the nodes N1-N3 and the quantity of the nodes to be sensed shown in
FIG. 4 are for illustrative purposes only. The locations of the nodes N1-N3 and the quantity of the nodes to be sensed can be changed according to designer's consideration. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 4 , thevoltage sensing circuit 410 is built in the chip external to thePMIC 420. In other embodiment, however, thevoltage sensing circuit 410 can be integrated in thePMIC 420 for cost reduction and higher accuracy. This alternative design shall fall within the scope of the present invention. - Please refer to
FIG. 5 , which shows a method of a power management method according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring toFIGS. 1, 4 and 5 together, the method is described as follows: - Step 500: the method starts.
- Step 502: sense a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of a PCB to generate a sensing result.
- Step 504: determine a voltage level of a supply voltage by referring to the sensing result.
- Step 506: generate the supply voltage to a power plane of the PCB.
- In another embodiment, after the supply voltage is generated to the power plane of the PCB, the voltage could be influenced by power consumption of the devices on the PCB 102 (such as the
power management circuit 100 and IC1-IC6). Thus, a plurality of new voltages respectively of the nodes are still be sensed to generate a new sensing result and determine a new supply voltage until the sensed voltage is stable. In other word, the method can be seen as a closed loop method. - Please refer to
FIG. 6 , which is a diagram illustrating apower management circuit 600 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 6 , thepower management circuit 600 has a micro-processor (MCU) 610 and aPMIC 620, where the MCU includes a look-up table (LUT) 612. Thepower management circuit 600 is positioned on aPCB 602, where thePCB 602 has a plurality of ICs mounted thereon (in this embodiment, there are six ICs: IC1-IC6). - The
PCB 602 has a power plane (i.e. theVcc plane 604 shown inFIG. 6 ), thepower management circuit 610 and IC1-IC6 are positioned on the Vcc plane, and theVcc plane 604 of thePCB 602 is shared by thepower management circuit 610 and IC1-IC6. In this embodiment, thePMIC 620 is arranged for determining a voltage level a supply voltage supplied to the Vcc plane, and at least theMCU 610 and IC1-IC6 receive the supply voltage from theVcc plane 604. - The
LUT 612 is built off-line, and theLUT 612 records combinations of the operation statuses of IC1-IC6 and corresponding voltage levels of the power supply. It is noted that the operation statuses could comprise the active/inactive statuses (on/off) or operation modes of IC1-IC6, or the active/inactive statuses of data transfer paths of IC1-IC6 respectively. - In the operations of the
power management circuit 600, because theMCU 610 knows the operation statuses of IC1-IC6 all the time, therefore, theMCU 610 may determine the voltage level of the supply voltage by referring a look-up table. Then, theMCU 610 transmits the information about the voltage level of the supply voltage to thePMIC 620, and thePMIC 620 generates the voltage level of the supply voltage to theVcc plane 604. - For example, when the
MCU 610 determines that IC1 and IC3 are active and IC2 and IC4-IC6 are inactive, theMCU 610 may determine a first voltage level of the supply voltage by referring to the look-up table, and thePMIC 620 may generate the supply voltage having the first voltage level to theVcc plane 604. In addition, when theMCU 610 determines that IC5-IC6 are active and IC1-IC4 are inactive, theMCU 610 may determine a second voltage level of the supply voltage by referring to the look-up table, and thePMIC 620 may generate the supply voltage having the second voltage level to theVcc plane 604. - It is noted that the circuit structure shown in
FIG. 6 is for illustrative purposes only. In other embodiments of the present invention, theLUT 612 can be built in thePMIC 620, and the MCU merely provides the information about the operation statuses of IC1-IC6 to thePMIC 620; or the information about the operation statuses of IC1-IC6 can be provided by other circuits. These alternative designs shall fall within the scope of the present invention. - Please refer to
FIG. 7 , which shows a method of a power management method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring toFIGS. 6-7 together, the method is described as follows: - Step 700: the method starts.
- Step 702: obtain operation statuses of a plurality of ICs mounted on a PCB to generate a determining result.
- Step 704: determine a voltage level of a supply voltage by referring to the determining result.
- Step 706: generate the supply voltage to a power plane of the PCB.
- Briefly summarized, in the power management circuit and power management method of the present invention, by sensing the voltages of different locations of the PCB, or by determining the operation statuses of the ICs, the IR drop can be accurately compensated, especially when the ICs have higher power consumption and large current sink.
- Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A power management circuit, comprising:
a voltage sensing circuit, for sensing a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of a printed circuit board (PCB) to generate a sensing result; and
a supply voltage adjusting circuit, coupled to the voltage sensing circuit, for determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the sensing result.
2. The power management circuit of claim 1 , wherein the PCB has a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs) mounted thereon, the power plane of the PCB is shared by the ICs, and the voltage sensing circuit senses voltage levels of the supply voltage received by the ICs, respectively, to generate the sensing result.
3. The power management circuit of claim 1 , wherein the PCB has a plurality of ICs mounted thereon, the power plane of the PCB is shared by the ICs, and the voltage sensing circuit senses voltage levels close to at least a portion of the ICs to generate the sensing result.
4. The power management circuit of claim 1 , wherein the sensing result is information about a lowest voltage among the voltages of the nodes of the PCB.
5. The power management circuit of claim 1 , wherein the sensing result is information about an average of the voltages of the nodes of the PCB.
6. The power management circuit of claim 1 , wherein the voltage sensing circuit receives the plurality of voltages of the nodes of the PCB, and the sensing result is generated according to only a portion of the sensed voltages.
7. The power management circuit of claim 1 , wherein the supply voltage adjusting circuit is built in a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), and the voltage sensing circuit is built in a chip external to the PMIC.
8. A power management method, comprising:
sensing a plurality of voltages respectively of a plurality of nodes of a printed circuit board (PCB) to generate a sensing result; and
determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the sensing result.
9. The power management method of claim 8 , wherein the PCB has a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs) mounted thereon, the power plane of the PCB is shared by the ICs, and the step of generating the sensing result comprises:
sensing voltage levels of the supply voltage received by the ICs, respectively, to generate the sensing result.
10. The power management method of claim 8 , wherein the PCB has a plurality of ICs mounted thereon, the power plane of the PCB is shared by the ICs, and the step of generating the sensing result comprises:
sensing voltage levels close to at least a portion of the ICs to generate the sensing result.
11. The power management method of claim 8 , wherein the sensing result is information about a lowest voltage among the voltages of the nodes of the PCB.
12. The power management method of claim 8 , wherein the sensing result is information about an average of the voltages of the nodes of the PCB.
13. The power management method of claim 8 , the step of generating the sensing result comprises:
filtering the voltages of the nodes of the PCB;
performing analog-to-digital converting operations upon filtered voltages to generate digital form of the filtered voltages; and
generating the sensing result according to the digital form of the filtered voltages.
14. The power management method of claim 8 , wherein the sensing result is generated according to only a portion of the sensed voltages.
15. A power management method, comprising:
obtaining operation statuses of a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs) mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) to generate a determining result; and
determining a voltage level of a supply voltage supplied to a power plane of the PCB by referring to the determining result.
16. The power management method of claim 15 , wherein the operation status of each IC is an active status or inactive status of the IC.
17. The power management method of claim 15 , wherein the step of determining the voltage level of the supply voltage comprises:
determining the voltage level of the supply voltage by using a look-up table, wherein the look-up table records combinations of the operation statuses of the ICs and corresponding voltage levels.
18. The power management method of claim 17 , wherein the look-up table is built off-line.
19. The power management method of claim 17 , wherein the operation status of each IC is an active status or inactive status of the IC.
20. The power management method of claim 15 , wherein the determining step is performed by a microprocessor, and the power management method further comprises:
transmitting information about the determining voltage level of the supply voltage from the microprocessor to a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) to adjust the supply voltage supplied to the power plane of the PCB.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/641,233 US20170300077A1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-07-04 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/499,267 US9733661B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
US15/641,233 US20170300077A1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-07-04 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/499,267 Continuation US9733661B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
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US20170300077A1 true US20170300077A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
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US14/499,267 Active 2035-11-02 US9733661B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
US15/641,233 Abandoned US20170300077A1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-07-04 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
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US14/499,267 Active 2035-11-02 US9733661B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | Power management circuit and associated power management method |
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US (2) | US9733661B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106200736A (en) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2020047237A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Capacitive voltage modifier for power management |
US10803963B2 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-10-13 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Capacitive voltage divider for power management |
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CN112055499B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2022-01-04 | 环达电脑(上海)有限公司 | Server cabinet |
US11721992B2 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-08-08 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | System and method for supplying power from a multi-cell battery to a single-cell power management system |
US11940822B2 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-03-26 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Semiconductor device including a voltage regulator and an integrated circuit module |
US11747842B1 (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-09-05 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Multi-referenced power supply |
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US10803963B2 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-10-13 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Capacitive voltage divider for power management |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9733661B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
US20160091915A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
CN106200736A (en) | 2016-12-07 |
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