US20170234122A1 - Hazard Avoidance During Well Re-Entry - Google Patents
Hazard Avoidance During Well Re-Entry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170234122A1 US20170234122A1 US15/113,575 US201515113575A US2017234122A1 US 20170234122 A1 US20170234122 A1 US 20170234122A1 US 201515113575 A US201515113575 A US 201515113575A US 2017234122 A1 US2017234122 A1 US 2017234122A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wellbore
- wave energy
- downhole tool
- sensing devices
- hazards
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- Abandoned
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Images
Classifications
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- E21B47/091—
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
- E21B47/0025—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection generating an image of the borehole wall using down-hole measurements, e.g. acoustic or electric
-
- E21B47/0905—
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
- E21B47/092—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting magnetic anomalies
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
- E21B47/095—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting an acoustic anomalies, e.g. using mud-pressure pulses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/52—Structural details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/30—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electromagnetic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/02—Prospecting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L2101/00—Uses or applications of pigs or moles
- F16L2101/30—Inspecting, measuring or testing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L2101/00—Uses or applications of pigs or moles
- F16L2101/70—Drill-well operations
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
Definitions
- a wellbore Once a wellbore has been drilled, it may be required to re-enter the wellbore to conduct various operations, such as logging, completing, intervention, etc. In many cases, this re-entry occurs long after the wellbore has been drilled and completed. During that time, wellbore conditions may have changed. For instance, the inner diameter of the wellbore may no longer be the same as it was when it was originally drilled and/or completed. In other cases, there may be a buildup of material deposits (paraffin, scales, etc.) on the walls of the wellbore or casing that lines the wellbore. In yet other cases, the casing may have been damaged, or the wellbore may contain various trapped objects (tools) that have inadvertently fallen into the well.
- tools trapped objects
- downhole conveyances such as a string of jointed pipe or coiled tubing
- FIG. 1 illustrates a well system that may embody or otherwise employ one or more principles of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2A illustrates an enlarged perspective view of a distal end of the downhole tool in FIG. 1 depicting a configuration of the plurality of sensing devices.
- FIG. 2B illustrates another enlarged perspective view of the distal end of the downhole tool in FIG. 1 depicting another configuration of the plurality of sensing devices.
- the present disclosure is related to a system that detects obstacles and hazards in the wellbore ahead of the string and communicates that information in real time so that the speed/force with which the string is forced into the well can be controlled to mitigate this problem.
- downhole tools having video cameras are lowered into wellbores on a conveyance and used to detect any hazards (or obstructions) that may be present in the wellbore.
- any hazards or obstructions
- the video cameras of the downhole tool in order for the video cameras of the downhole tool to image the wellbore hazards that may be present ahead of the downhole tool, it is required that clear fluids be present in the wellbore.
- Acoustic tools are sometimes used instead to detect potential hazards present in the wellbore.
- existing acoustic tools only image the wellbore in the radial direction and, therefore, have to be moved past a point in the wellbore in order to detect any hazard present at that point. Accordingly, existing acoustic tools are not configured to “look” ahead of the downhole tool in the wellbore.
- Embodiments disclosed herein help to better identify wellbore hazards present in the wellbore and make better decisions about how to remove or clean out the wellbore hazards. This reduces non-productive time during wellbore operations due to downhole tools or conveyances being stuck in the wellbore due to unknown hazards or obstacles, reduces the cost of poor quality, and the costs incurred due to lost tools. Embodiments disclosed herein also allow for optimal speed of travel into and out of the wellbore without the fear of hitting the wellbore hazards present in the wellbore.
- the well system 100 may include a service rig 102 that is positioned on the earth's surface 104 and extends over and around a wellbore 106 that penetrates a subterranean formation 108 .
- the service rig 102 may be a drilling rig, a completion rig, a workover rig, or the like.
- the service rig 102 may be omitted and replaced with a standard surface wellhead completion or installation, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
- the well system 100 is depicted as a land-based operation, it will be appreciated that the principles of the present disclosure could equally be applied in any sea-based or sub-sea application where the service rig 102 may be a floating platform, a semi-submersible platform, or a sub-surface wellhead installation as generally known in the art.
- the wellbore 106 may be drilled into the subterranean formation 108 using any suitable drilling technique and may extend in a substantially vertical direction away from the earth's surface 104 over a vertical wellbore portion 110 .
- the vertical wellbore portion 110 may deviate from vertical relative to the earth's surface 104 and transition into a substantially horizontal wellbore portion 112 .
- the wellbore 106 may be completed by cementing a casing string 114 within the wellbore 106 along all or a portion thereof. In other embodiments, however, the casing string 114 may be omitted from all or a portion of the wellbore 106 and the principles of the present disclosure may equally apply to an “open-hole” environment.
- the system 100 may further include a downhole tool 116 that may be conveyed into the wellbore 106 on a conveyance 118 that extends from the service rig 102 .
- the conveyance 118 may comprise a cable having one or more electric lines and/or fiber optic waveguides.
- the cable and the conveyance 118 may comprise the same structure.
- the conveyance 118 and the cable may not be the same and the cable may instead be coupled to the conveyance 118 and otherwise strung along therewith, but not used to lower the downhole tool 116 into the wellbore 106 .
- Suitable conveyances 118 in this case can include drill pipe, coiled tubing, production tubing, a downhole tractor, and the like.
- the conveyance 118 (and/or the cable) may be in communication at the surface with a data processing unit 124 and may provide real time bidirectional communication between the downhole tool 116 and the data processing unit 124 .
- the data processing unit 124 may include a signal processor 126 communicably coupled to a computer-readable storage medium 128 storing a program code executed by the processor 126 . The results of the processing may be displayed on a display 130 .
- Examples of a computer-readable storage medium include non-transitory medium such as random access memory (RAM) devices, read only memory (ROM) devices, optical devices (e.g., CDs or DVDs), and disk drives.
- the downhole tool 116 may comprise an array of sensing devices 117 located at a distal end thereof.
- the term “distal” refers to the portion of the component that is furthest from the wellhead.
- Each sensing device 117 may emit a wave energy 121 into the wellbore 106 to detect one or more wellbore hazards 122 present in the wellbore 106 .
- the wellbore hazards 122 may include any obstacle that may impede advancement of the downhole tool 117 or the conveyance 118 within the wellbore 106 .
- Example wellbore hazards 122 include, but are not limited to, a tool lost in the wellbore 106 , damaged casing 114 , buildup of a substance (e.g., paraffin, scale, etc.) in the wellbore 106 , or any combination thereof.
- a substance e.g., paraffin, scale, etc.
- FIG. 1 depicts the downhole tool 116 as being arranged and operating in the horizontal portion 112 of the wellbore 106
- the embodiments described herein are equally applicable for use in portions of the wellbore 106 that are vertical, deviated, or otherwise slanted.
- FIG. 2A illustrates an enlarged perspective view of a distal end 119 of the downhole tool 116 of FIG. 1 .
- the sensing devices 117 may be arranged in a desired configuration on a leading face 115 of the downhole tool 116 at the distal end 119 .
- the sensing devices 117 may be angularly offset from each other on the leading face 115 by equidistant spacing. In other embodiments, however, the sensing devices 117 may be angularly offset from each other on the leading face 115 by random spacing, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
- the sensing devices 117 may be arranged such that the wave energy 121 from each of the sensing devices 117 is emitted in a generally axial direction within the wellbore 106 (or the casing 114 , FIG. 1 ).
- axial direction refers to the direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the wellbore 106 and/or the downhole tool 116 .
- the wave energy 121 emitted can have a range of axial angles ⁇ , such as anything less than 90° with respect to the longitudinal axis A. As illustrated in
- the axial angle ⁇ is defined between the direction of travel of the wave energy 121 and the longitudinal axis of the wellbore 106 and/or the casing 114 .
- the wave energy 121 emitted by the sensing devices 117 may include acoustic wave energy and the sensing devices 117 may comprise acoustic sensing devices, each of which may include an acoustic wave generator and an acoustic sensor.
- the acoustic wave generator emits acoustic waves through fluid present in the wellbore 106 .
- the acoustic waves may be reflected back to the sensing devices 117 by the wellbore hazards 122 .
- the wave energy 121 may comprise pressure pulses and the sensing devices 117 may alternatively comprise pressure sensing devices, each of which includes a pressure pulse generator and a pressure sensor.
- the pressure pulse generator transmits a pressure pulse through the fluid in the wellbore 106 , at least a portion of which may be reflected by the wellbore hazards 122 .
- the reflected pressure pulse may then be received by the pressure sensing devices.
- the wave energy 121 may include radiant energy, such as visible light, gamma rays, radio waves, ultraviolet light, infrared radiation
- the sensing devices 117 may include suitable devices for sensing the radiant energy.
- the sensing devices 117 may include optical sensing devices, each of which may include a light pulse generator and an optical sensor. The light pulse generator emits light pulses through the fluid and any light pulse reflected by one or more wellbore hazards 122 in the wellbore 106 is received by the optical sensor.
- the wave energy 121 may include electromagnetic (EM) waves and the sensing devices may include EM transceivers, each including an EM source that emits EM waves and an EM receiver that receives EM waves reflected from the wellbore hazards 122 .
- EM electromagnetic
- wave energy 121 are not limited to the examples noted herein, and may include other kinds of wave energy, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It should also be noted that it is not necessary for all of the sensing devices 117 to sense the same parameter. For example, one sensing device 117 could sense pressure waves, while another sensing device 117 on the same downhole tool 116 could sense radiant energy waves.
- the distance that the wave energy 121 propagates into the wellbore 106 may define a field of view 120 of the downhole tool 116 .
- the wellbore hazards 122 that lie within the field of view 120 may be detected.
- the sensing devices 117 may be arranged such that the wave energy exhibits the field of view 120 having a pre-determined shape and extending a pre-determined axial distance L (e.g., about 5-10 feet) from the distal end 119 of the downhole tool 116 .
- L pre-determined axial distance
- the field of view 120 is generally conical or frustoconical in shape.
- the sensing devices 117 may transmit wave energies 121 having different frequencies. Since different frequencies are absorbed or reflected differently by different materials, by choosing frequencies with different absorption/reflection rates, the size, shape and the material of the wellbore hazards 122 can be determined. For instance, a relatively harder material may reflect a relatively larger amount of frequencies as compared to a relatively softer material. As a result, the hardness of the material of the wellbore hazards 122 can be determined and would permit distinguishing between “hard” and “soft” wellbore hazards 122 (like steels and paraffins).
- the frequencies that are received by the sensing devices 117 are communicated to the data processing unit 124 that may process the received frequencies to produce an image of the wellbore hazards 122 that is displayed on the display 130 .
- the data processing unit 124 may determine a distance to the one or more wellbore hazards 122 . Once the size, shape, and/or material of the wellbore hazards 122 , and a distance to the wellbore hazards 122 are determined, an operator may undertake appropriate remedial actions to remove or repair the hazard 122 . The operator can control the sensing devices 117 via the data processing unit 124 to vary the emitted frequencies to obtain a better image of the wellbore hazards 122 .
- remedial actions can then be modified to more efficiently remove the hazard 122 or aim a cleanout tool (or verify the quality of the clean out).
- FIG. 2B illustrates another enlarged perspective view of the distal end 119 of the downhole tool 116 of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2B may be similar in some respects to FIG. 2A , and therefore may be best understood with reference thereto where like numerals designate like components not described again in detail.
- the sensing devices 117 may be arranged about the outer periphery of the downhole tool 106 at the distal end 119 thereof. Again, the sensing devices 117 may be arranged such that the wave energy 121 from each of the sensing devices 117 is emitted in a generally axial direction.
- the configuration (or the placement) of the sensing devices 117 on the downhole tool 116 in FIGS. 2A and 2B is merely an example and that any configuration of the sensing devices 117 that results in the wave energy 121 being emitted in the axial direction is within the scope of this disclosure.
- a system that includes a downhole tool conveyable into a wellbore on a conveyance, a plurality of sensing devices positioned at a distal end of the downhole tool to emit wave energy in an axial direction within the wellbore, at least a portion of the wave energy being reflected by one or more wellbore hazards and received by the plurality of sensing devices, and a data acquisition system communicatively coupled to the downhole tool to receive and process reflected wave energy and thereby identify the one or more wellbore hazards.
- a method that includes conveying a downhole tool into a wellbore on a conveyance, emitting wave energy in an axial direction within the wellbore using a plurality of sensing devices positioned at a distal end of the downhole tool, at least a portion of the wave energy being reflected by one or more wellbore hazards, receiving reflected wave energy using the plurality of sensing devices, receiving and processing the reflected wave energy with a data acquisition system communicatively coupled to the downhole tool, and identifying the one or more wellbore hazards with the data acquisition system based on the reflected wave energy.
- Each of embodiments A and B may have one or more of the following additional elements in any combination: Element 1: wherein the plurality of sensing devices are located on a leading face of the downhole tool.
- Element 2 wherein the plurality of sensing devices are located about an outer periphery of the downhole tool at the distal end.
- Element 3 wherein the wave energy emitted by the plurality of sensing devices exhibits a field of view having a pre-determined shape and extends a pre-determined distance from the distal end of the downhole tool.
- Element 4 wherein the data acquisition system processes the reflected wave energy to determine at least one of a size, shape, and a material of the one or more wellbore hazards.
- Element 5 wherein the data acquisition system processes the reflected wave energy to determine a hardness of the material of the one or more wellbore hazards, and distinguishes two or more wellbore hazards from each other based on the hardness of the material of the two or more wellbore hazards.
- the wave energy includes at least one of acoustic waves, pressure pulses, electromagnetic waves, and radiant energy.
- Element 7 wherein the data acquisition system determines a distance of the one or more wellbore hazards from the downhole tool.
- Element 8 wherein the data acquisition system processes the reflected wave energy to display an image of the one or more wellbore hazards.
- emitting the wave energy comprises generating a field of view having a pre-determined shape and extending a pre-determined distance from the downhole tool.
- Element 10 further comprising processing the reflected wave energy using the data acquisition system to determine at least one of a size, shape, and a material of the one or more wellbore hazards.
- Element 11 processing the reflected wave energy using the data acquisition system to determine a hardness of the material of the one or more wellbore hazards, and distinguishing two or more wellbore hazards from each other based on the hardness of the material of the two or more wellbore hazards.
- emitting the wave energy includes emitting at least one of acoustic waves, pressure pulses, electromagnetic waves, and radiant energy.
- Element 13 further comprising processing the reflected wave energy using the data acquisition system to determine a distance of the one or more wellbore hazards from the distal end of the downhole tool.
- Element 14 further comprising processing the reflected wave energy to display an image of the one or more wellbore hazards.
- Element 15 further comprising varying a frequency of the wave energy emitted by one or more sensing devices of the plurality of sensing devices to vary the image of the one or more wellbore hazards.
- Element 16 further comprising emitting the wave energy using the plurality of sensing devices located on a leading face of the downhole tool at a distal end thereof.
- Element 17 further comprising emitting the wave energy using the plurality of sensing devices located about the periphery of the downhole tool at a distal end thereof.
- exemplary combinations applicable to A and B include: Element 4 with Element 5; Element 10 with Element 11; and Element 14 with Element 15.
- compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps. All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, “from about a to about b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a to b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a-b”) disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values.
- the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the terms “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item).
- the phrase “at least one of” allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items.
- the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, and C.
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Abstract
Description
- Once a wellbore has been drilled, it may be required to re-enter the wellbore to conduct various operations, such as logging, completing, intervention, etc. In many cases, this re-entry occurs long after the wellbore has been drilled and completed. During that time, wellbore conditions may have changed. For instance, the inner diameter of the wellbore may no longer be the same as it was when it was originally drilled and/or completed. In other cases, there may be a buildup of material deposits (paraffin, scales, etc.) on the walls of the wellbore or casing that lines the wellbore. In yet other cases, the casing may have been damaged, or the wellbore may contain various trapped objects (tools) that have inadvertently fallen into the well.
- Due to these various obstructions in the wellbore, downhole conveyances, such as a string of jointed pipe or coiled tubing, may become stuck or damaged when re-entering and traversing the wellbore. This often creates a large amount of non-productive time trying to get the conveyance unstuck, and can cause damage to the conveyances and to any tools attached to the conveyances, loss of the tools, or even loss of use of the well. Even when the conveyances are not stuck, the speed at which the conveyance is lowered into or pulled out of the well is often slow due to being cautious of unknown hazards or obstacles. Being able to run in and out of a well at optimal speed would greatly decrease well operation costs.
- The following figures are included to illustrate certain aspects of the present disclosure, and should not be viewed as exclusive embodiments. The subject matter disclosed is capable of considerable modifications, alterations, combinations, and equivalents in form and function, without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a well system that may embody or otherwise employ one or more principles of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2A illustrates an enlarged perspective view of a distal end of the downhole tool inFIG. 1 depicting a configuration of the plurality of sensing devices. -
FIG. 2B illustrates another enlarged perspective view of the distal end of the downhole tool inFIG. 1 depicting another configuration of the plurality of sensing devices. - The present disclosure is related to a system that detects obstacles and hazards in the wellbore ahead of the string and communicates that information in real time so that the speed/force with which the string is forced into the well can be controlled to mitigate this problem.
- Presently, downhole tools having video cameras are lowered into wellbores on a conveyance and used to detect any hazards (or obstructions) that may be present in the wellbore. However, in order for the video cameras of the downhole tool to image the wellbore hazards that may be present ahead of the downhole tool, it is required that clear fluids be present in the wellbore. Acoustic tools are sometimes used instead to detect potential hazards present in the wellbore. However, existing acoustic tools only image the wellbore in the radial direction and, therefore, have to be moved past a point in the wellbore in order to detect any hazard present at that point. Accordingly, existing acoustic tools are not configured to “look” ahead of the downhole tool in the wellbore.
- Embodiments disclosed herein help to better identify wellbore hazards present in the wellbore and make better decisions about how to remove or clean out the wellbore hazards. This reduces non-productive time during wellbore operations due to downhole tools or conveyances being stuck in the wellbore due to unknown hazards or obstacles, reduces the cost of poor quality, and the costs incurred due to lost tools. Embodiments disclosed herein also allow for optimal speed of travel into and out of the wellbore without the fear of hitting the wellbore hazards present in the wellbore.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , illustrated is awell system 100 that may embody or otherwise employ one or more principles of the present disclosure, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated, thewell system 100 may include aservice rig 102 that is positioned on the earth'ssurface 104 and extends over and around awellbore 106 that penetrates asubterranean formation 108. Theservice rig 102 may be a drilling rig, a completion rig, a workover rig, or the like. In some embodiments, theservice rig 102 may be omitted and replaced with a standard surface wellhead completion or installation, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Moreover, while thewell system 100 is depicted as a land-based operation, it will be appreciated that the principles of the present disclosure could equally be applied in any sea-based or sub-sea application where theservice rig 102 may be a floating platform, a semi-submersible platform, or a sub-surface wellhead installation as generally known in the art. - The
wellbore 106 may be drilled into thesubterranean formation 108 using any suitable drilling technique and may extend in a substantially vertical direction away from the earth'ssurface 104 over avertical wellbore portion 110. At some point in thewellbore 106, thevertical wellbore portion 110 may deviate from vertical relative to the earth'ssurface 104 and transition into a substantiallyhorizontal wellbore portion 112. In some embodiments, thewellbore 106 may be completed by cementing acasing string 114 within thewellbore 106 along all or a portion thereof. In other embodiments, however, thecasing string 114 may be omitted from all or a portion of thewellbore 106 and the principles of the present disclosure may equally apply to an “open-hole” environment. - The
system 100 may further include adownhole tool 116 that may be conveyed into thewellbore 106 on aconveyance 118 that extends from theservice rig 102. In some embodiments, theconveyance 118 may comprise a cable having one or more electric lines and/or fiber optic waveguides. In at least one embodiment, the cable and theconveyance 118 may comprise the same structure. In other embodiments, however, theconveyance 118 and the cable may not be the same and the cable may instead be coupled to theconveyance 118 and otherwise strung along therewith, but not used to lower thedownhole tool 116 into thewellbore 106.Suitable conveyances 118 in this case can include drill pipe, coiled tubing, production tubing, a downhole tractor, and the like. - In some embodiments, the conveyance 118 (and/or the cable) may be in communication at the surface with a
data processing unit 124 and may provide real time bidirectional communication between thedownhole tool 116 and thedata processing unit 124. Thedata processing unit 124 may include asignal processor 126 communicably coupled to a computer-readable storage medium 128 storing a program code executed by theprocessor 126. The results of the processing may be displayed on adisplay 130. Examples of a computer-readable storage medium include non-transitory medium such as random access memory (RAM) devices, read only memory (ROM) devices, optical devices (e.g., CDs or DVDs), and disk drives. - According to the present disclosure, the
downhole tool 116 may comprise an array ofsensing devices 117 located at a distal end thereof. As used herein, the term “distal” refers to the portion of the component that is furthest from the wellhead. Eachsensing device 117 may emit awave energy 121 into thewellbore 106 to detect one or morewellbore hazards 122 present in thewellbore 106. For the purpose of discussion herein, thewellbore hazards 122 may include any obstacle that may impede advancement of thedownhole tool 117 or theconveyance 118 within thewellbore 106. Example wellborehazards 122 include, but are not limited to, a tool lost in thewellbore 106, damagedcasing 114, buildup of a substance (e.g., paraffin, scale, etc.) in thewellbore 106, or any combination thereof. - It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that even though
FIG. 1 depicts thedownhole tool 116 as being arranged and operating in thehorizontal portion 112 of thewellbore 106, the embodiments described herein are equally applicable for use in portions of thewellbore 106 that are vertical, deviated, or otherwise slanted. -
FIG. 2A illustrates an enlarged perspective view of adistal end 119 of thedownhole tool 116 ofFIG. 1 . As illustrated, thesensing devices 117 may be arranged in a desired configuration on a leadingface 115 of thedownhole tool 116 at thedistal end 119. In at least one embodiment, as illustrated, thesensing devices 117 may be angularly offset from each other on the leadingface 115 by equidistant spacing. In other embodiments, however, thesensing devices 117 may be angularly offset from each other on the leadingface 115 by random spacing, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. - The
sensing devices 117 may be arranged such that thewave energy 121 from each of thesensing devices 117 is emitted in a generally axial direction within the wellbore 106 (or thecasing 114,FIG. 1 ). As used herein, axial direction refers to the direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A of thewellbore 106 and/or thedownhole tool 116. However, thewave energy 121 emitted can have a range of axial angles φ, such as anything less than 90° with respect to the longitudinal axis A. As illustrated in -
FIG. 2A , the axial angle φ is defined between the direction of travel of thewave energy 121 and the longitudinal axis of thewellbore 106 and/or thecasing 114. - In one example, the
wave energy 121 emitted by thesensing devices 117 may include acoustic wave energy and thesensing devices 117 may comprise acoustic sensing devices, each of which may include an acoustic wave generator and an acoustic sensor. The acoustic wave generator emits acoustic waves through fluid present in thewellbore 106. The acoustic waves may be reflected back to thesensing devices 117 by thewellbore hazards 122. - In another example, the
wave energy 121 may comprise pressure pulses and thesensing devices 117 may alternatively comprise pressure sensing devices, each of which includes a pressure pulse generator and a pressure sensor. The pressure pulse generator transmits a pressure pulse through the fluid in thewellbore 106, at least a portion of which may be reflected by thewellbore hazards 122. The reflected pressure pulse may then be received by the pressure sensing devices. - In yet another example, the
wave energy 121 may include radiant energy, such as visible light, gamma rays, radio waves, ultraviolet light, infrared radiation, and thesensing devices 117 may include suitable devices for sensing the radiant energy. For instance, if thewave energy 121 includes visible light, then thesensing devices 117 may include optical sensing devices, each of which may include a light pulse generator and an optical sensor. The light pulse generator emits light pulses through the fluid and any light pulse reflected by one or morewellbore hazards 122 in thewellbore 106 is received by the optical sensor. - In still other examples, the
wave energy 121 may include electromagnetic (EM) waves and the sensing devices may include EM transceivers, each including an EM source that emits EM waves and an EM receiver that receives EM waves reflected from thewellbore hazards 122. - It should be noted that
wave energy 121 are not limited to the examples noted herein, and may include other kinds of wave energy, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It should also be noted that it is not necessary for all of thesensing devices 117 to sense the same parameter. For example, onesensing device 117 could sense pressure waves, while anothersensing device 117 on the samedownhole tool 116 could sense radiant energy waves. - The distance that the
wave energy 121 propagates into thewellbore 106 may define a field ofview 120 of thedownhole tool 116. As thedownhole tool 116 is conveyed downhole, thewellbore hazards 122 that lie within the field ofview 120 may be detected. Thesensing devices 117 may be arranged such that the wave energy exhibits the field ofview 120 having a pre-determined shape and extending a pre-determined axial distance L (e.g., about 5-10 feet) from thedistal end 119 of thedownhole tool 116. For instance, as illustrated inFIG. 2A , the field ofview 120 is generally conical or frustoconical in shape. - In an embodiment, the
sensing devices 117 may transmitwave energies 121 having different frequencies. Since different frequencies are absorbed or reflected differently by different materials, by choosing frequencies with different absorption/reflection rates, the size, shape and the material of thewellbore hazards 122 can be determined. For instance, a relatively harder material may reflect a relatively larger amount of frequencies as compared to a relatively softer material. As a result, the hardness of the material of thewellbore hazards 122 can be determined and would permit distinguishing between “hard” and “soft” wellbore hazards 122 (like steels and paraffins). The frequencies that are received by thesensing devices 117 are communicated to thedata processing unit 124 that may process the received frequencies to produce an image of thewellbore hazards 122 that is displayed on thedisplay 130. - In another embodiment, based on the time difference between the time the
wave energy 121 was transmitted by thesensing device 117 and the time the reflectedwave energy 121 was received by thesensing device 117, the data processing unit 124 (FIG. 1 ) may determine a distance to the one or morewellbore hazards 122. Once the size, shape, and/or material of thewellbore hazards 122, and a distance to thewellbore hazards 122 are determined, an operator may undertake appropriate remedial actions to remove or repair thehazard 122. The operator can control thesensing devices 117 via thedata processing unit 124 to vary the emitted frequencies to obtain a better image of thewellbore hazards 122. This may provide a better understanding of the size and shape of thewellbore hazards 122, and/or better identify the material of thewellbore hazards 122. The remedial actions can then be modified to more efficiently remove thehazard 122 or aim a cleanout tool (or verify the quality of the clean out). -
FIG. 2B illustrates another enlarged perspective view of thedistal end 119 of thedownhole tool 116 ofFIG. 1 .FIG. 2B may be similar in some respects toFIG. 2A , and therefore may be best understood with reference thereto where like numerals designate like components not described again in detail. In the illustrated embodiment inFIG. 2B , thesensing devices 117 may be arranged about the outer periphery of thedownhole tool 106 at thedistal end 119 thereof. Again, thesensing devices 117 may be arranged such that thewave energy 121 from each of thesensing devices 117 is emitted in a generally axial direction. It should be noted that the configuration (or the placement) of thesensing devices 117 on thedownhole tool 116 inFIGS. 2A and 2B is merely an example and that any configuration of thesensing devices 117 that results in thewave energy 121 being emitted in the axial direction is within the scope of this disclosure. - Embodiments Disclosed Herein Include:
- A. A system that includes a downhole tool conveyable into a wellbore on a conveyance, a plurality of sensing devices positioned at a distal end of the downhole tool to emit wave energy in an axial direction within the wellbore, at least a portion of the wave energy being reflected by one or more wellbore hazards and received by the plurality of sensing devices, and a data acquisition system communicatively coupled to the downhole tool to receive and process reflected wave energy and thereby identify the one or more wellbore hazards.
- B. A method that includes conveying a downhole tool into a wellbore on a conveyance, emitting wave energy in an axial direction within the wellbore using a plurality of sensing devices positioned at a distal end of the downhole tool, at least a portion of the wave energy being reflected by one or more wellbore hazards, receiving reflected wave energy using the plurality of sensing devices, receiving and processing the reflected wave energy with a data acquisition system communicatively coupled to the downhole tool, and identifying the one or more wellbore hazards with the data acquisition system based on the reflected wave energy.
- Each of embodiments A and B may have one or more of the following additional elements in any combination: Element 1: wherein the plurality of sensing devices are located on a leading face of the downhole tool.
- Element 2: wherein the plurality of sensing devices are located about an outer periphery of the downhole tool at the distal end. Element 3: wherein the wave energy emitted by the plurality of sensing devices exhibits a field of view having a pre-determined shape and extends a pre-determined distance from the distal end of the downhole tool. Element 4: wherein the data acquisition system processes the reflected wave energy to determine at least one of a size, shape, and a material of the one or more wellbore hazards. Element 5: wherein the data acquisition system processes the reflected wave energy to determine a hardness of the material of the one or more wellbore hazards, and distinguishes two or more wellbore hazards from each other based on the hardness of the material of the two or more wellbore hazards. Element 6: wherein the wave energy includes at least one of acoustic waves, pressure pulses, electromagnetic waves, and radiant energy. Element 7: wherein the data acquisition system determines a distance of the one or more wellbore hazards from the downhole tool. Element 8: wherein the data acquisition system processes the reflected wave energy to display an image of the one or more wellbore hazards.
- Element 9: wherein emitting the wave energy comprises generating a field of view having a pre-determined shape and extending a pre-determined distance from the downhole tool. Element 10: further comprising processing the reflected wave energy using the data acquisition system to determine at least one of a size, shape, and a material of the one or more wellbore hazards. Element 11: processing the reflected wave energy using the data acquisition system to determine a hardness of the material of the one or more wellbore hazards, and distinguishing two or more wellbore hazards from each other based on the hardness of the material of the two or more wellbore hazards. Element 12: wherein emitting the wave energy includes emitting at least one of acoustic waves, pressure pulses, electromagnetic waves, and radiant energy. Element 13: further comprising processing the reflected wave energy using the data acquisition system to determine a distance of the one or more wellbore hazards from the distal end of the downhole tool. Element 14: further comprising processing the reflected wave energy to display an image of the one or more wellbore hazards. Element 15: further comprising varying a frequency of the wave energy emitted by one or more sensing devices of the plurality of sensing devices to vary the image of the one or more wellbore hazards. Element 16: further comprising emitting the wave energy using the plurality of sensing devices located on a leading face of the downhole tool at a distal end thereof. Element 17: further comprising emitting the wave energy using the plurality of sensing devices located about the periphery of the downhole tool at a distal end thereof.
- By way of non-limiting example, exemplary combinations applicable to A and B include: Element 4 with Element 5;
Element 10 with Element 11; and Element 14 with Element 15. - Therefore, the disclosed systems and methods are well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the teachings of the present disclosure may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered, combined, or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope of the present disclosure. The systems and methods illustratively disclosed herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element that is not specifically disclosed herein and/or any optional element disclosed herein. While compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps. All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, “from about a to about b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a to b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a-b”) disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. Moreover, the indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the elements that it introduces. If there is any conflict in the usages of a word or term in this specification and one or more patent or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted.
- As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the terms “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase “at least one of” allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, and C.
- The use of directional terms such as above, below, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, uphole, downhole and the like are used in relation to the illustrative embodiments as they are depicted in the figures, the upward direction being toward the top of the corresponding figure and the downward direction being toward the bottom of the corresponding figure, the uphole direction being toward the surface of the well and the downhole direction being toward the toe of the well.
Claims (19)
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WO2022027049A1 (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method and apparatus for looking ahead of the drill bit |
US11519807B2 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-12-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method and system to determine variations in a fluidic channel |
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CN112596111B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2024-02-13 | 普联技术有限公司 | Obstacle recognition method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3042214A1 (en) | 2017-04-14 |
IT201600081948A1 (en) | 2018-02-03 |
NL1041990A (en) | 2017-04-24 |
GB201802749D0 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
CA2997209A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
WO2017062032A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
NL1041990B1 (en) | 2017-06-26 |
GB2557098A (en) | 2018-06-13 |
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