US20150322686A1 - Blast resistant structure - Google Patents
Blast resistant structure Download PDFInfo
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- US20150322686A1 US20150322686A1 US14/483,369 US201414483369A US2015322686A1 US 20150322686 A1 US20150322686 A1 US 20150322686A1 US 201414483369 A US201414483369 A US 201414483369A US 2015322686 A1 US2015322686 A1 US 2015322686A1
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- blast
- panels
- studs
- attached
- track
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 gravel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
- E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
- E04B2/562—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with fillings between the load-bearing elongated members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
- E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/08—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of metal, e.g. sheet metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/24—Armour; Armour plates for stationary use, e.g. fortifications ; Shelters; Guard Booths
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2418—Details of bolting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
- E04B2103/06—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of metal
Abstract
In one embodiment, a blast resistant structure includes a frame; a stud track attached to the frame; a plurality of studs attached to the stud track; a plurality of panels attached to the plurality of studs, wherein at least one panel comprises a composite board secured to a steel sheet; and a blast plate and a connector for securing the stud track to the frame.
Description
- This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/876,687, filed Sep. 11, 2013, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to blast resistant structures configured to protect against a blast from an explosion.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- An explosion is typically characterized by a blast or sharp increase in pressure that propagates in a wavelike manner outward from a point or area of origination. Whether intentionally or unintentionally initiated, such blasts can result in severe damage to buildings, vehicles, and personnel. For example, a blast from a bomb that is detonated in a car parked near a building can cause structural damage to the building, damage components therein, and/or injure people within the building. Similarly, ballistic and aerial explosive devices can cause costly damage to buildings and other types of structures.
- The use of blast resistant structures for protection against blasts associated with explosions is known. For example, buildings at risk of blast damage during battle conditions are sometimes provided with a wall formed of concrete. The concrete walls provide a protective effect to the building by deflecting and/or attenuating the blast. In some cases, however, the blast may still stress the structural components beyond their yield strength, thereby damaging the building.
- There is a need, therefore, for a more effective blast resistant structure for protection against an explosion.
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a blast resistant structure configured to protect against a blast from an explosion. In one embodiment, a blast resistant structure includes a frame; a stud track attached to the frame; a plurality of studs attached to the stud track; a plurality of panels attached to the plurality of studs, wherein at least one panel comprises a composite board secured to a steel sheet; and a blast plate and a connector for securing the stud track to the frame.
- In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the blast plate is a rectangular plate.
- In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the plurality of studs comprises vanadium. In one example, the plurality of studs comprise vanadium and steel alloy.
- In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the frame includes hollow structure section steel tubes.
- In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the plurality of panels are attached to an exterior surface of the plurality of studs. In another embodiment, the composite board comprises at least one of cement and gypsum. In yet another embodiment, some of the panels are attached to an interior surface of the plurality of studs. In a further embodiment, an aggregate material is disposed between the panels attached to the interior and exterior surfaces of the plurality of studs.
- In one or more of the embodiments described herein, a plurality of angle panels and/or bent plates are disposed at the perimeter edges of the structure.
- So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
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FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate an embodiment of a blast resistant structure. In particular,FIG. 1A illustrates the structural framing of the blast resistant structure, andFIG. 1B illustrates an isometric view of the structural panels on the blast resistant structure. -
FIG. 2A illustrates the HSS tube floor plan.FIG. 2B illustrates the HSS tube roof plan.FIG. 2C illustrates a front view of the HSS tube wall plan. -
FIG. 3A illustrates the floor framing plan.FIG. 3B illustrates the roof framing plan.FIG. 3C illustrates the framing plan for one of the walls. -
FIG. 4A illustrates the floor panel plan.FIG. 4B illustrates the roof panel plan.FIG. 4C illustrates the panel plan for one of the walls. -
FIG. 5A illustrates an enlarged, cross-sectional view of a bottom section of one of the walls.FIG. 5B illustrates an enlarged, partial view ofFIG. 5A . -
FIGS. 5C and 5D illustrate another example of a panel arrangement.FIG. 5C illustrates an enlarged, cross-sectional view of a bottom section of one of the walls.FIG. 5D illustrates an enlarged, partial view ofFIG. 5B . -
FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a blast plate securing a track to the HSS frame. -
FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of a blast plate securing a track to the HSS frame. -
FIG. 7A illustrates another embodiment of a blast plate securing a track to the HSS frame. -
FIG. 8A is an enlarged view of another embodiment of a blast plate.FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a blast resistant structure. -
FIG. 9A illustrates an exemplary anchor arrangement for anchoring the blast resistant structure in the soil.FIG. 9B illustrates a detail view of an embodiment of an anchor shown inFIG. 9A .FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the anchor ofFIG. 9B . - In one embodiment, a blast resistant structure includes a frame; a vanadium stud track attached to the frame; a plurality of vanadium studs attached to the stud track; a plurality of panels attached to the plurality of studs, wherein at least one panel comprises a composite board secured to a steel sheet; and a rectangular blast plate and connector for securing the stud track to the frame.
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FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate an embodiment of a blastresistant structure 100. In particular,FIG. 1A illustrates the structural framing of the blastresistant structure 100, andFIG. 1B illustrates an isometric view of the structural panels on the blastresistant structure 100. As shown, thestructure 100 is rectangular shaped having six walls, including 4 side walls, a roof, and a floor. The perimeter of the frame is formed using hollow structural section (“HSS”)tubes 110 made of steel, as shown inFIGS. 2A-C .FIG. 2A illustrates the HSS tube floor plan showing the HSS tubes 110 l, 110 w in the length and width dimensions, respectively.FIG. 2B illustrates the HSS tube roof plan showing the HSS tubes 110 l, 110 w in the length and width dimensions, respectively.FIG. 2C illustrates a front view of the HSS tube wall plan showing theHSS tubes 110 l, 110 h in the length and height dimensions, respectively. TheHSS tubes 110 may be welded together or attached using any suitable methods. Exemplary cross-sectional sizes of theHSS tubes 110 include 6 inches by 6 inches and 8 inches by 6 inches. In this embodiment, thestructure 100 is about 40 feet in length, about 12 feet in width, and about 10 feet in height.HSS tubes 110 may also be attached to thestructure 100 at twenty foot intervals of thestructure 100. For example, because thestructure 100 inFIG. 1 is 40 feet in length,HSS tubes 110 w, 110 h are provided in the middle of thestructure 100 at the twenty foot mark. It is contemplated that thestructure 100 may include any suitable sizes; for example, twenty feet or sixty feet in length, twenty feet in width, or twelve feet in height. In another embodiment, the length and/or width of thestructure 100 may extend up to 60 feet or more in 4 foot increments. For example, the length of the structure may be between 20 feet and 60 feet or between 20 feet and 80 feet. In another example, the width of the structure may be between 10 feet and 30 feet, between 11 feet and 13 feet such as about 12 feet, or between 23 feet and 25 feet such as about 24 feet. The height of the structure may be between 8 feet and 16 feet such as about 10 feet. In yet another embodiment, a plurality ofstructures 100 may be stacked on top of each other, such as double stacked or triple stacked. -
Studs 120 andstud tracks 125 are attached to theHSS tubes 110 for use as wall reinforcements, as shown inFIGS. 3A-C .FIG. 3A illustrates the floor framing plan,FIG. 3B illustrates the roof framing plan, andFIG. 3C illustrates the framing plan for one of the walls. Thetracks 125 may be attached to theHSS tubes 110 usingbolts 126 or any suitable connectors. Thestuds 120 may be screwed to thetracks 125 or attached using any suitable connectors. The studs 120 w for the side walls and the studs 120 c for the ceiling may be spaced at about 5 inches to about 20 inches on center (“o.c.”), or at about 8 inches to about 16 inches o.c. As shown, the wall studs 120 w are spaced at about 8 inches o.c. The studs 120 f for the floor may be spaced at about 5 inches to about 20 inches o.c., or about 8 inches to about 16 inches o.c. In yet another embodiment, the studs 120 c, 120 f, 120 w may be spaced at about 4 inches to about 24 inches o.c. It is contemplated that thestuds 120 may be spaced at any suitable distance depending on the desired magnitude of the resistance against the blast. Thestuds 120 may be made of metal or alloy studs such as mild steel, vanadium, vanadium and steel alloy, and combinations thereof. -
Structural panels 130 may be attached to thestuds 120 to form one or more of the interior and exterior walls, floor, and roof of thestructure 100, as shown inFIGS. 4A-C andFIGS. 5A and 5B .FIG. 4A illustrates the floor panel plan, FIG. 4B illustrates the roof panel plan, andFIG. 4C illustrates the panel plan for one of the walls.FIG. 5A illustrates an enlarged, cross-sectional view of a bottom section of one of the walls.FIG. 5B illustrates an enlarged, partial view ofFIG. 5A . In one embodiment, thestructural panel 130 may include a gypsum wall board, a cementous wall board, a fiber reinforced gypsum wall board, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, thestructural panels 130 e for the exterior walls and roof (also referred to as “external panels”) may include acementous wall board 132 secured to asteel sheet 134. In one embodiment, theexternal panels 130 e may be made of Sure-Board®Series 200B panels 130, which are composed of 0.5 inch Durock® cement board 132 secured to a 14gage steel sheet 134. In another embodiment, thestructural panels 130 i for the interior walls and the floor may include agypsum board 142 secured to asteel sheet 144. The interiorstructural panels 130 i for the walls and the floor may be the same or different. For example, theinterior panel 130 i for the wall may be 0.625 in. DenzArmorPlus® board 142 secured to a 22gage steel sheet 144. In another example, theinterior panel 130 i for the floor may be made of 0.5 in. Mag® board secured to a 14 gage steel sheet. In one embodiment, the gypsum board or cementous board may be secured to the steel sheet using an adhesive such as glue or epoxy. It must be noted that any of thepanels 130 for the exterior and interior surfaces may be the same or different type of structural panels. For example, cementous boards secured to a steel sheet may be used as anexterior wall panel 130 e and as aninterior wall panel 130 i of a blastresistant structure 100. In another example, DenzArmor® board may be used as a panel for both the interior wall and the floor. The ends of theinterior panel 130 i and theexterior panel 130 e may extend to the base of thetrack 125 or any distance past thetrack 125. For example, inFIGS. 5A and 5B , both of theinterior panel 130 i and theexterior panel 130 e extend to the bottom of theHSS tubes 110.FIGS. 5C and 5D illustrate another example of a panel arrangement.FIG. 5C illustrates an enlarged, cross-sectional view of a bottom section of one of the walls.FIG. 5D illustrates an enlarged, partial view ofFIG. 5C . In this example, theexterior panel 130 e extends to the bottom of theHSS tube 110, and theinterior panel 130 i extends to the base of thetrack 125. In this respect, thetracks 125 for thefloor studs 120 may attach directly to theHSS tube 110. - The
structural panels 130 may have a thickness ranging from about 0.25 in. to about 1.25 in., such as 0.5 in., 0.625 in., and 0.75 in. Thesteel sheets structural panels 130 include 4 ft. by 8 ft., 4 ft. by 9.5 ft., 4 ft. by 10 ft., and 4 ft. by 12 ft. In one embodiment, thestructural panels 130 may be attached to theframe angle panels 148 may be attached to the perimeter edges of thestructure 100. In one example, 6 in. by 6 in.angle panels 148 are attached to the perimeter edges using screws spaced at 8 in. o.c. Theangle panels 148 may prevent air infiltration between theexternal panels 130 e and theHSS tubes 110 at the perimeter edges of thestructure 100. Thestructural panels 130 i for the interior wall may optionally include tap and bed, fiberglass reinforced plastics coating, wall paper, and combinations thereof. - In another embodiment, the
tracks 125 may be attached to theHSS frame 110 using a blast plate and bolt connection 150.FIG. 6 illustratesblast plates 151 securing one or more of the wall, roof, andfloor tracks 125 to theHSS frame 110. In one embodiment, theblast plate 151 is a rectangular plate instead of a round washer. As shown, theblast plate 151 is positioned between twoadjacent studs 120 and above thetrack 125. Abox bolt 155 connects theblast plate 151 and thetrack 125 to theHSS frame 110, although more than one bolt may be used. In this embodiment, only onebox bolt 155 is used to secure theblast plate 151. Theblast plate 151 may have a width is that greater than the length. A ratio of the width of theblast plate 151 to the width of the track may be from 0.5:1 to 1:1 or from 0.75:1 to 1:1. A ratio of the length of theblast plate 152 to the distance between twoadjacent studs 120 may be from 0.2:1 to 0.8:1 or from 0.3:1 to 0.6:1. In one example, theblast plate 151 may be used to securetracks 125 to an HSS framing for non-aggregate filled walls. In one example, thebox bolt 155 is a 0.5 in. bolt and theblast plate 151 has dimensions of 2×5.75×0.375 in. -
FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment ofblast plates 152 securing one or more of the wall, roof, andfloor tracks 125 to theHSS frame 110. In one embodiment, theblast plate 152 is a rectangular plate rather than a round washer. As shown, theblast plate 152 is positioned between twoadjacent studs 120 and above thetrack 125. Theblast plate 152 may have a length is that greater than the width. A ratio of the width of theblast plate 152 to the width of the track may be from 0.5:1 to 1:1 or from 0.75:1 to 1:1. A ratio of the length of theblast plate 152 to the distance between twoadjacent studs 120 may be from 0.5:1 to 1:1 or from 0.75:1 to 1:1. Twobox bolts 155 connect theblast plate 152 and thetrack 125 to theHSS frame 110, although one or three or more bolts may be used. As shown, the twobolts 155 are positioned along the width dimension of thetrack 125. In another embodiment, the twobolts 155 are positioned at angle up to 90 degrees relative to the width of thetrack 125. In one example, thebox bolt 155 is a 0.5 in. bolt and theblast plate 152 has dimensions of 5×7×0.375 in. In one embodiment, a bent plate may be used to attach thetracks 125 to theHSS tubes 110.FIG. 7A illustrates another embodiment ofblast plates 162 andbolts 155. InFIG. 7A , the twobolts 155 connecting theblast plate 162 and thetrack 125 to theHSS frame 110 are positioned along the length dimension of thetrack 125. -
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate another embodiment of a blast plate connection for a blastresistant structure 100.FIG. 8A is an enlarged view of the arrangement of theblast plates 157, andFIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the structure. In one embodiment, theblast plate 157 is provided with alarger opening 158 through theblast plate 157. Thelarger opening 158 may accommodate atubular nipple 156 for introducing an aggregate material. Theopening 158 is aligned with openings formed in thetrack 125 and in the HSS tube 110 l, 110 w framing the roof. Thenipple 156 extends through the openings in the HSS tube 110 l, 110 w, thetrack 125, and theblast plate 157. The end of thenipple 156 positioned opposite theblast plate 157 may be flush with the HSS tube 110 l, 110 w and attached by welding or other suitable mechanism. The other end of thenipple 156 may extend through theblast plate 156 and has threads on its outer surface. Alock nut 159 may be used to secure theblast plate 157 and thetrack 125 to the HSS tubes 110 l, 110 w. The threads of thelock nut 156 engage the threads of thenipple 156. It can be seen inFIG. 8B that the bore of thenipple 156 extends through the HSS tubes 110 l, 110 w and fluidly communicates with the area below the HSS tubes 110 l, 110 w. In one embodiment, theopening 158 has a diameter of about 3 inches, although any suitable size may be used, such as between about 1 inch and about 4 inches. In one example, theblast plate 157 has dimensions of 5×7×0.375 in. It must be noted that althoughFIG. 8A is shown with theblast plate 162 fromFIG. 7A , other embodiments of the blast plates, such as theblast plate 152 ofFIG. 7 may be used. - It is contemplated that the blast plates such as
blast plates track 125. The width of the blast plates may be from about 1 in. to about 6 in. depending on the size of thetrack 125. The thickness of the blast plates may be from about 0.125 in. to about 0.75 in. The blast plates may be made from steel, metal alloy, or any other suitable metal. It must be noted that the blast plates may also have a shape of a polygon having 8 or less sides. In one embodiment, theblast plates tracks 125 to an HSS framing for aggregate filled walls. - In another embodiment, the space between the
exterior panel 130 e and theinterior panel 130 i of the walls may optionally be filled with an aggregate material. Exemplary materials include sand, gravel, rock, and combinations thereof. The aggregate material may be added to the one or more of the walls of thestructure 100, or any wall that is expected to experience reflected pressure. For example, thepipe nipple 156 may be used to facilitate filling of the wall space by the aggregate material. The aggregate material may advantageously add load to the walls and provide weight to thestructure 100. In this respect, the mass and flexural resistance of the walls of thestructure 100 may be significantly increased. In one embodiment, a bag or a suitable container may be positioned between twostuds 120 or the interior and theexterior panels nipple 156. After filling the bag, a plug may be inserted into thenipple 156 to close the bore of thenipple 156. - Embodiments of the blast
resistant structure 100 are configured to effectively resist peak pressures in the range from about 10 psi to about 100 psi; preferably, from about 25 psi to about 90 psi; more preferably, from about 40 psi to about 75 psi. Also, embodiments of the blastresistant structure 100 are configured to limit the peak internal pressure to less than 3 psi; preferably, less than 2 psi; and more preferably, less than 1.0 psi. - Referring again to
FIG. 4A , in use, the blastresistant structure 100 may be provided with one ormore doors 166 and one or more windows at suitable locations in thestructure 100. Additionally, the blastresistant structure 100 may include one or more of an electrical panel andbox 161, ledlights 162, data/telecom panel andbox 163, data/telecom outlet 164, and anelectrical outlet 165. - In another embodiment, the blast resistant structure may be a standalone structure or added to an existing or new building. If added to a building, the components of the blast resistant structure may be used to construct one or more rooms inside the building. In another embodiment, the components of the blast resistant structure may be used to construct a wall of the building. For example, wall may be constructed using the HSS tubes, studs and tracks, the structural panels, and blast plate connection discussed above.
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FIGS. 9A-C illustrate an exemplary embodiment of an anchoring system 200 suitable for anchoring the blast resistant structure in a variety of soil types.FIG. 9A illustrates an arrangement ofanchors 210 for anchoring the blast resistant structure in the soil. As shown, fifteenanchors 210 are used to attach the blast resistant structure. In this embodiment, the width of the blast resistant structure is about 24 feet. In another embodiment, the width of the blast resistant structure may be about 12 feet, and eightanchors 210 may be used to attach the blast resistant structure.FIG. 9B illustrates a detail view of anexemplary anchor 210, andFIG. 9C illustrates a cross-sectional view of theanchor 210. Theanchor 210 may include twoplates plates plates plates upper plate 211 is smaller than thelower plate 212. For example, theupper plate 211 may be 12 in. and thelower plate 212 may be 14 in. In another embodiment, theplates rods 213 may extend from theplates rods 213 may be 12 in. long, between 11 in. and 13 in., or between 8 in. and 20 in. Therods 213 may be positioned at approximately 1.5 in., 1 in. to 2 in., or 0.5 in. to 4 in. from the perimeter of thelower plate 212. AHSS tube 215 may extend from the center of thelower plate 212 into the soil. As shown, theHSS tube 215 may be approximately 4 ft. long, 3.5 ft. to 4.5 ft. long, or 2 ft. to 6 ft. long. A plurality ofstuds 216 approximately 3.5 in. long or between 3 in. and 5 in. long may extend from theHSS tube 215 in four directions and equally spaced along the length of theHSS tube 215. A plurality ofrebars 217 may extend from theplates 212 into the soil. As shown, therebar 217 may be 6 ft. long or between 5 ft. and 7 ft. long, and positioned at approximately 3.125 in. or 3 in. to 4 in. from the perimeter of thelower plate 212. A plurality ofrebar stirrups 214 may be used tie therebars 217 together. In one embodiment, afirst rebar stirrup 214 is position at approximately the midpoint of therebars 217, and asecond stirrup 214 is positioned at the bottom of therebars 217. - Three examples of a blast resistant structure (“BRM”) were compared to a shipping container having corrugated steel walls in a blast experiment. The first two examples, BRM1 and BRM2, have hollow walls, and the third example, BRM3, has an aggregate filled wall. The BRMs and the container were arranged in a ring formation around an enhanced 9,000 lb. cylindrical ANFO charge (TNT equivalency of about 8,010 lbs.). The BRMs and the container were located at a standoff distance of 150 ft. to provide a direct comparison. All four were secured to the soil using an embed anchor system. Steel plates were welded to the BRMs to facilitate attachment to the anchor system, which extend approximately six feet into the ground. The anchor system prevents the BRMs and the container from sliding or tipping over during the blast loading and thus, provides a true test of the wall systems of the BRMs. Sensors were mounted to the front of the four structures to measure incident and reflected pressures, and a sensor was mounted in each structure to measure peak internal pressure.
- Table 1 below is a summary of external peak pressures and impulses. As shown, the BRMs effectively resisted peak pressures in the range from 45-70 psi, which is considerably higher than a rating of 10-20 psi of a typical blast resistant structure.
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TABLE 1 Summary of External Peak Pressures and Impulses Peak Reflected Structure Pressure (psi) Duration (ms) Impulse (psi-ms) BRM 1 46.62 18.0 275.9 BRM 2 71.17 15.4 315.2 BRM 3 66.55 18.2 345.9 - Table 2 below is a summary of internal peak pressures experienced by the test structures. It is clear that the BRM structures performed much better than the ISO container. BRM2 showed a peak internal pressure of 1.2 psi, while BRM 3 only showed peak internal pressure of less than 1. In contrast, the ISO container showed an internal peak pressure 9.57 before the gage disconnected. Indeed, the ISO container was demolished by the blast, while the BRMs only showed minimal residual wall displacement. According to Table 3, BRM 3 showed close to zero residual deflection of the loaded wall.
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TABLE 2 Internal Pressure-time Histories Structure Peak Internal Pressure (psi) BRM 2 1.20 BRM 3 0.98 ISO Container 9.57* *prior to gage being disconnected -
TABLE 3 Residual Deflections Structure Maximum Residual Deflection BRM 1 2″ BRM 2 1.75″ BRM 3 0.375″ - In another embodiment, a method of forming a blast resistant structure includes forming a frame; securing a track to the frame using a blast plate and a connector; attaching a plurality of studs to the track; attaching a plurality of panels to the plurality of studs, wherein at least one panel comprises a composite board secured to a steel sheet.
- In one or more of the embodiments described herein, the method further comprises introducing an aggregate material between an interior panel and an exterior panel.
- While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (19)
1. A blast resistant structure, comprising:
a frame;
a stud track attached to the frame;
a plurality of studs attached to the stud track;
a plurality of panels attached to the plurality of studs, wherein at least one panel comprises a composite board secured to a steel sheet; and
a blast plate and a connector for securing the stud track to the frame.
2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the blast plate comprises a rectangular plate.
3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of studs comprise vanadium.
4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises hollow structure section steel tubes.
5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of panels are attached to an exterior surface of the plurality of studs.
6. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the composite board comprises at least one of cement and gypsum.
7. The structure of claim 5 , wherein some of the panels are attached to an interior surface of the plurality of studs.
8. The structure of claim 7 , further comprising an aggregate material disposed between the panels attached to the interior and exterior surfaces of the plurality of studs.
9. The structure of claim 8 , further comprising a nipple disposed in the frame for introducing the aggregate material.
10. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the panels attached to the interior surface and the panels attached to the exterior surface are made of different materials.
11. The structure of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of angle panels disposed at the perimeter edges of the structure.
12. The structure of claim 11 , wherein the angle panels are disposed above the plurality of panels.
13. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure is configured to effectively resist a peak pressure in a range from about 25 psi to about 90 psi.
14. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure is configured to limit the peak internal pressure to less than 3 psi.
15. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the connector is selected from the group consisting of bolt, nut, and combinations thereof.
16. The structure of claim 1 , wherein at least two connectors are used to secure the blast plate and the stud track to the frame.
17. The structure of claim 16 , wherein the at least to connectors are aligned along a width dimension of the track.
18. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a width of the blast plate to a width of the track is from 0.75:1 to 1:1.
19. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a length of the blast plate to a length of the track is from 0.75:1 to 1:1.
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US14/483,369 US20150322686A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Blast resistant structure |
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