US20150020506A1 - Method and system for the removal of noxious compounds from engine exhaust gas - Google Patents
Method and system for the removal of noxious compounds from engine exhaust gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150020506A1 US20150020506A1 US14/381,966 US201214381966A US2015020506A1 US 20150020506 A1 US20150020506 A1 US 20150020506A1 US 201214381966 A US201214381966 A US 201214381966A US 2015020506 A1 US2015020506 A1 US 2015020506A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- ammonia
- catalyst
- injection
- oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 amine salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20761—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
- B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9436—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and system for reducing emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particular matter being present in the exhaust from a lean burning internal compression ignition engine.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- the method and system of the invention provides an improved reduction of NOx during cold start of the engine.
- the exhaust system of modern cars with lean burning engines is equipped with an oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter and a catalyst for the selective reduction of NOx (SCR) in presence of a reduction agent.
- SCR selective reduction of NOx
- Oxidation catalysts being active in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide and SCR catalysts are known in the art and disclosed in numerous publications.
- particulate filters are the so called wall flow filters with a plurality if inlet and outlet channels.
- the inlet channels are closed at their outlet and the outlet channels are closed at their inlet, so that the gas flowing into the filter is forced through porous walls defining the channels, whereby particulate matter is filtered off the gas.
- ammonia is commonly employed as the reducing agent.
- Ammonia is a noxious compound and it is preferred to generate ammonia in situ by thermal decomposition of a urea solution being injected as ammonia precursor into the hot exhaust gas upstream the SCR catalyst.
- urea When injected as liquid solution in the exhaust gas, urea decomposes to ammonia in sufficient amounts for the SCR only at a temperature from about 200° C.
- the invention is based on using an SCR catalysed filter in combination with low temperature injection of ammonia reducing agent into exhaust gas from a lean burning engine during the cold start phase of the engine when the exhaust gas temperature is below 220° C. and a second SCR catalyst, wherein the necessary reducing agent is formed by decomposition of urea introduced into the exhaust gas at temperatures above 200° C. after the cold start phase.
- the invention provides a method for the removal of noxious compounds from exhaust gas of a lean burning internal compression ignition engine comprising in series the steps of
- a catalyst being active in oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide;
- ammonia reducing agent is injected into the exhaust gas upstream the catalysed particulate filter during a cold start phase of the engine when the gas has a temperature of below or at about 220° C., and wherein injection of ammonia is discontinued and urea as precursor for the ammonia reducing agent is injected into the gas between the first and second SCR catalyst when the gas has reached a temperature of about 200° C.
- ammonia has a very low mixing distance and injection of ammonia allows arranging the oxidation catalyst (DOC) and the SCR catalysed filter (SCR/DPF) in close coupled position.
- the close coupled position together with a small volume of DOC and SCR/DPF will facilitate a fast heat up of these units and thus a sufficient catalyst activity in an early phase after cold start.
- the DOC will early in the cold start phase form NO 2 from NO in exhaust and the close coupled filter SCR/DPF will have temperature conditions for passive soot regeneration with NO 2 .
- Ammonia injection can be started at an exhaust gas temperature from 160° C. At temperatures below 200° C., ammonia remains substantially unconverted when passing through the DOC.
- ammonia is injected into the exhaust gas prior to the contact with the DOC.
- ammonia can be injected between the DOC and the SCR/DPF.
- Ammonia may be stored on board as such in a container or preferably liberated from a solid ammonia storage material, by means of e.g. thermal desorption.
- Solid ammonia storage materials such as metal amine salts or ammonium compounds are known in the art e.g from WO 2206/012903.
- Ammonia injection is discontinued when the exhaust temperature is about 220° C. and urea injection into exhaust gas leaving the catalysed filter is initiated at about 200° C.
- ammonia is formed by decomposition of a urea solution being injected into the hot exhaust gas between the SCR/DPF and the second SCR.
- the NO in the exhaust gas is oxidised to NO to NO2 by contact with the DOC.
- the formed NO 2 is used in the passive regeneration of the DPF.
- temperatures of 220° C. all the amount of formed NO 2 can exclusively be used for passive soot regeneration of the filter.
- the second SCR catalyst can be selected from cheaper vanadium or zeolite catalyst compounds.
- the passive regeneration is more effective because ammonia is not present in the exhaust gas during the main driving cycle and the SCR function of the SCR/DPF is interrupted.
- Small amounts of ammonia may be present in the exhaust gas from the second SCR. It is thus preferred to pass the exhaust gas from the second SCR through a selective ammonia oxidation catalyst downstream the second SCR.
- the selective ammonia oxidation catalyst converts ammonia to nitrogen.
- the invention provides additionally a system for use in the method according to the invention.
- the system comprises within an engine exhaust gas channel connected to the engine, arranged in series
- an oxidation catalyst unit for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide;
- a particulate filter comprising a first catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides
- injection means for the injection of ammonia into the engine exhaust gas channel
- injection means for the injection of urea into the engine exhaust gas channel.
- the injection means for injection of ammonia is arranged between the engine and the of the oxidation catalyst unit.
- the injection means for injection of ammonia is connected to a container holding a solid ammonia storage material.
- an ammonia slip catalyst downstream the second SCR unit.
- the system will have thus have one of the following configuration:
- the first SCR catalyst integrated in the filter for use in the inventive method and system is based on thermostable copper and/or iron promoted zeolites or silica alumina phosphate compounds.
- the second SCR catalyst for use in the inventive method and system is preferably selected from vanadium on titania, copper and/or iron promoted zeolites, copper and/or iron promoted silica alumina phosphates, optionally combined with cerium oxides with zirconium and aluminium oxides.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
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Abstract
Method and system for the removal of noxious compounds from lean burning engines, the method comprising in series the steps of contacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst being active in oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide, passing the treated exhaust gas through a particulate filter catalysed with a first SCR catalyst, and passing the exhaust gas leaving the particulate filter through a second SCR catalyst, wherein ammonia is injected into the exhaust upstream of the catalysed particulate filter at a temperature below or at about 220° C. and wherein urea is injected into the exhaust gas between the first and the second SCR catalyst when the exhaust gas has reached a temperature of about 200° C.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particular matter being present in the exhaust from a lean burning internal compression ignition engine. In particular, the method and system of the invention provides an improved reduction of NOx during cold start of the engine.
- The exhaust system of modern cars with lean burning engines is equipped with an oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter and a catalyst for the selective reduction of NOx (SCR) in presence of a reduction agent.
- Oxidation catalysts being active in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide and SCR catalysts are known in the art and disclosed in numerous publications.
- Typically used particulate filters are the so called wall flow filters with a plurality if inlet and outlet channels. The inlet channels are closed at their outlet and the outlet channels are closed at their inlet, so that the gas flowing into the filter is forced through porous walls defining the channels, whereby particulate matter is filtered off the gas.
- In the SCR treatment, ammonia is commonly employed as the reducing agent. Ammonia is a noxious compound and it is preferred to generate ammonia in situ by thermal decomposition of a urea solution being injected as ammonia precursor into the hot exhaust gas upstream the SCR catalyst.
- Even if urea is innocuous and relatively easy to store on board of a car, use of a liquid solution of urea as a precursor of ammonia reducing agent is problematic in particular in the cold start phase of the engine, i.e. when the exhaust gas temperature is below 200° C.
- When injected as liquid solution in the exhaust gas, urea decomposes to ammonia in sufficient amounts for the SCR only at a temperature from about 200° C.
- The invention is based on using an SCR catalysed filter in combination with low temperature injection of ammonia reducing agent into exhaust gas from a lean burning engine during the cold start phase of the engine when the exhaust gas temperature is below 220° C. and a second SCR catalyst, wherein the necessary reducing agent is formed by decomposition of urea introduced into the exhaust gas at temperatures above 200° C. after the cold start phase. Thereby it is possible to obtain a NOx reduction rate of more than 99% in the engine exhaust gas in a complete driving cycle.
- Thus, the invention provides a method for the removal of noxious compounds from exhaust gas of a lean burning internal compression ignition engine comprising in series the steps of
- contacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst being active in oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide;
- passing the thus treated exhaust gas through a particulate filter being catalysed with a first SCR catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides; and
- passing the exhaust gas leaving the filter through a second SCR catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides, wherein ammonia reducing agent is injected into the exhaust gas upstream the catalysed particulate filter during a cold start phase of the engine when the gas has a temperature of below or at about 220° C., and wherein injection of ammonia is discontinued and urea as precursor for the ammonia reducing agent is injected into the gas between the first and second SCR catalyst when the gas has reached a temperature of about 200° C.
- As an advantage of the method according to the invention, ammonia has a very low mixing distance and injection of ammonia allows arranging the oxidation catalyst (DOC) and the SCR catalysed filter (SCR/DPF) in close coupled position. The close coupled position together with a small volume of DOC and SCR/DPF will facilitate a fast heat up of these units and thus a sufficient catalyst activity in an early phase after cold start. The DOC will early in the cold start phase form NO2 from NO in exhaust and the close coupled filter SCR/DPF will have temperature conditions for passive soot regeneration with NO2.
- Ammonia injection can be started at an exhaust gas temperature from 160° C. At temperatures below 200° C., ammonia remains substantially unconverted when passing through the DOC.
- Thus, in an embodiment of the invention ammonia is injected into the exhaust gas prior to the contact with the DOC.
- Alternatively, ammonia can be injected between the DOC and the SCR/DPF.
- Ammonia may be stored on board as such in a container or preferably liberated from a solid ammonia storage material, by means of e.g. thermal desorption. Solid ammonia storage materials, such as metal amine salts or ammonium compounds are known in the art e.g from WO 2206/012903.
- Ammonia injection is discontinued when the exhaust temperature is about 220° C. and urea injection into exhaust gas leaving the catalysed filter is initiated at about 200° C.
- This implies that only a limited amount of stored ammonia is required for the total NOX reduction during the cold start phase. In the main driving cycle when the exhaust gas is above 220° C., ammonia is formed by decomposition of a urea solution being injected into the hot exhaust gas between the SCR/DPF and the second SCR.
- Above 200° C. the NO in the exhaust gas is oxidised to NO to NO2 by contact with the DOC. The formed NO2 is used in the passive regeneration of the DPF. Thus, above temperatures of 220° C. all the amount of formed NO2 can exclusively be used for passive soot regeneration of the filter.
- With modern low soot emission engines it is possible to rely on passive soot regeneration and the maximum inlet temperature to the second SCR catalyst can be kept below 550° C. This implies that the second SCR catalyst can be selected from cheaper vanadium or zeolite catalyst compounds.
- As further an advantage of the method according to the invention the passive regeneration is more effective because ammonia is not present in the exhaust gas during the main driving cycle and the SCR function of the SCR/DPF is interrupted.
- Small amounts of ammonia may be present in the exhaust gas from the second SCR. It is thus preferred to pass the exhaust gas from the second SCR through a selective ammonia oxidation catalyst downstream the second SCR. The selective ammonia oxidation catalyst converts ammonia to nitrogen.
- The invention provides additionally a system for use in the method according to the invention.
- The system comprises within an engine exhaust gas channel connected to the engine, arranged in series
- an oxidation catalyst unit for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide;
- a particulate filter comprising a first catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides;
- a second catalyst unit for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides;
- upstream the particulate filter, injection means for the injection of ammonia into the engine exhaust gas channel; and
- between the particulate filter and the second catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides, injection means for the injection of urea into the engine exhaust gas channel.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the injection means for injection of ammonia is arranged between the engine and the of the oxidation catalyst unit.
- In further an embodiment, the injection means for injection of ammonia is connected to a container holding a solid ammonia storage material.
- When the DOC and SCR/DPF are arranged in close-coupled position, temperature loss is limited, which facilitates higher temperatures and increased NO2 formation over the DOC and higher temperatures in the filter resulting in an improved passive soot regeneration.
- To remove small amounts of ammonia having not been converted in he SCR catalysts, it is preferred to arrange an ammonia slip catalyst downstream the second SCR unit.
- The system will have thus have one of the following configuration:
-
Engine→ccDOC→NH3(<220° C.)→ccSCR/DPF→Urea(>200° C.)→secondSCR→ASC - alternatively
-
Engine→NH3(<220° C.)→ccDOC→ccSCR/DPF→Urea(>200° C.)→mainSCR→ASC - As already mentioned hereinbefore, suitable catalysts for use in the invention are known in the art and are not a part of the invention.
- Preferably, the first SCR catalyst integrated in the filter for use in the inventive method and system is based on thermostable copper and/or iron promoted zeolites or silica alumina phosphate compounds.
- The second SCR catalyst for use in the inventive method and system is preferably selected from vanadium on titania, copper and/or iron promoted zeolites, copper and/or iron promoted silica alumina phosphates, optionally combined with cerium oxides with zirconium and aluminium oxides.
Claims (10)
1. A method for the removal of noxious compounds from exhaust gas of a lean burning internal compression ignition engine comprising in series the steps of
contacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst being active in oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide;
passing the thus treated exhaust gas through a particulate filter being catalysed with a first SCR catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides; and
passing the exhaust gas leaving the filter through a second SCR catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides, wherein ammonia reducing agent is injected into the exhaust gas upstream the catalysed particulate filter during a cold start phase of the engine when the gas has a temperature of below or at about 220° C., and wherein injection of ammonia is discontinued and urea as precursor for the ammonia reducing agent is injected into the gas between the first and second SCR catalyst when the gas has reached a temperature of about 200° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia reducing agent is injected into the exhaust gas prior to the contact with the oxidation catalyst.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia reducing agent is injected into the exhaust gas between the oxidation catalyst and the SCR catalyzed particulate filter.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ammonia reducing agent is released from an ammonia absorbent prior to injection into the exhaust gas.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas is further passed through an ammonia oxidation catalyst for selective oxidation of ammonia downstream the second SCR catalyst.
6. System for use in the method according to claim 1 comprising within an engine exhaust gas channel connected to the engine, arranged in series
an oxidation catalyst unit for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water and nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide;
a particulate filter comprising a first catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides;
a second catalyst unit for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides;
upstream the particulate filter, injection means for the injection of ammonia into the engine exhaust gas channel; and
between the particulate filter and the second catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides, injection means for the injection of urea into the engine exhaust gas channel.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the injection means for injection of ammonia is arranged between the engine and the of the oxidation catalyst unit.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the injection means for injection of ammonia is connecter to a container holding a solid ammonia storage material.
9. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the oxidation catalyst unit and the particulate filter comprising a first catalyst for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides are arranged in close-coupled position.
10. The system according to claim 1 being further provided with a catalyst unit for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen downstream the second catalyst unit for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DKPA201200169 | 2012-03-02 | ||
DKPA201200169 | 2012-03-02 | ||
PCT/EP2012/068623 WO2013127473A1 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2012-09-21 | Method and system for the removal of noxious compounds from engine exhaust gas |
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US20150020506A1 true US20150020506A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
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US14/381,966 Abandoned US20150020506A1 (en) | 2012-02-12 | 2012-09-21 | Method and system for the removal of noxious compounds from engine exhaust gas |
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US (1) | US20150020506A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2819769B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6129215B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20140143145A (en) |
AR (1) | AR090213A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2865929A1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2014002323A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA027298B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013127473A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AR090213A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
EA027298B1 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
JP6129215B2 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2819769A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
CL2014002323A1 (en) | 2014-12-19 |
JP2015513634A (en) | 2015-05-14 |
KR20140143145A (en) | 2014-12-15 |
CA2865929A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
WO2013127473A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
CN104136099A (en) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2819769B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
EA201491619A1 (en) | 2015-02-27 |
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