US20140041370A1 - Exhaust Treatment System for Internal Combustion Engine - Google Patents
Exhaust Treatment System for Internal Combustion Engine Download PDFInfo
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- US20140041370A1 US20140041370A1 US13/959,042 US201313959042A US2014041370A1 US 20140041370 A1 US20140041370 A1 US 20140041370A1 US 201313959042 A US201313959042 A US 201313959042A US 2014041370 A1 US2014041370 A1 US 2014041370A1
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- fluid
- exhaust gas
- tube
- exhaust
- gas conduit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to exhaust treatment systems for internal combustion engines and, more particularly, to exhaust treatment systems capable of fully mixing and vaporizing injected fluids into the exhaust gas flow for improved performance thereof.
- One example of a way to improve fuel economy is to operate an engine at an air/fuel ratio that is lean (an excess of oxygen) of stoichiometry.
- lean-burn engines include compression ignition engines (diesel) and lean-burn spark-ignition engines.
- the exhaust gas emitted from such an engine, particularly a diesel engine may be a heterogeneous mixture that includes gaseous emissions such as carbon monoxide (“CO”), unburned hydrocarbons (“HC”) and oxides of nitrogen (“NOx”) as well as condensed phase materials (liquids and solids) that constitute particulate matter (“PM”).
- Catalyst compositions typically disposed on catalyst supports or substrates are provided in various exhaust system devices to convert certain, or all of these exhaust constituents into non-regulated exhaust gas components.
- DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
- the filter is a structure for removing particulates from the exhaust gas and, as a result, the accumulation of filtered particulate matter will eventually have the effect of increasing the exhaust system backpressure experienced by the engine. Such increase in backpressure will eventually have a negative impact on engine performance and fuel economy.
- the DPF device is periodically cleaned, or regenerated. Regeneration of a DPF device in vehicular applications is typically automatic and is carried out by an engine or other controller based on signals received by engine and exhaust system sensors. The regeneration event typically involves raising the temperature of the DPF device to levels that are often above 600 C in order to burn the accumulated particulates thereby cleaning the DPF device.
- One method of generating the temperatures required in the exhaust system for regeneration of the DPF device is to deliver unburned HC, often in the form of raw fuel to an oxidation catalyst (“OC”) device that is disposed upstream of the DPF device.
- the OC device typically carries an oxidation catalyst compound which aides in oxidizing HC in an exothermic event which raises the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the heated exhaust gas travels downstream to the DPF device where it burns the particulates trapped therein.
- Injection of the fuel into the exhaust treatment system is often carried out using injection devices similar to fuel injectors used in engines.
- a common challenge for exhaust system designers is to inject the HC upstream of the OC device in a manner that allows for the HC to fully disperse in order to utilize the entire OC for oxidation and to fully vaporize so as to completely combust as it passes through the OC device.
- an HC delivery system that achieves substantially uniform mixing, distribution and vaporization of a fluid injected into the exhaust gas of an exhaust gas treatment system.
- an exhaust treatment system for an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas conduit configured to receive an exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and to deliver the exhaust gas to an exhaust treatment device.
- a fluid delivery system is located upstream of the exhaust treatment device and is configured to deliver a fluid thereto.
- the fluid delivery system comprises a fluid injector, a fluid tube in fluid communication with the fluid injector and extending radially into the exhaust gas conduit for receipt of fluid from a spray tip of the fluid injector, a controller configured to energize the fluid injector to deliver fluid to the fluid tube, and an opening in the tube, disposed beyond the boundary layer of exhaust gas flow in the exhaust gas conduit, for release of the fluid into the exhaust gas flow.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an engine and exhaust treatment system embodying features of the invention
- FIG. 2 including FIGS. 2A-2H , are an enlarged portion of the exhaust system of FIG. 1 including examples of fluid tubes embodying features of the invention;
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating flow characteristics and other features of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating further flow characteristics and other features of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is an illustration, partially in section, of an injector and fluid tube embodying features of the invention.
- an exemplary embodiment of the invention is directed to an exhaust gas treatment system 10 , for the reduction of regulated exhaust gas constituents emitted from an internal combustion engine, such as diesel engine 12 .
- an internal combustion engine such as diesel engine 12
- diesel engine 12 is merely exemplary and that the invention described can be implemented in various engine systems requiring an exhaust gas particulate filter.
- the disclosure will be discussed in the context of diesel engine 12 .
- the exhaust gas treatment system 10 includes an exhaust gas conduit 14 , which may comprise several segments, that functions to transport exhaust gas 16 from the diesel engine 12 to the various exhaust gas treatment devices of the exhaust gas treatment system.
- the exhaust treatment devices may include a first oxidation catalyst device (“OC 1 ”) 18 .
- the OC 1 18 may include a flow-through metal or ceramic monolith substrate 20 that is wrapped in an intumescent mat (not shown) that expands when heated, securing and insulating the substrate 20 .
- the substrate 20 is packaged in a rigid shell or canister having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with exhaust gas conduit 14 .
- the substrate 20 has an oxidation catalyst compound (not shown) disposed thereon.
- the oxidation catalyst compound may be applied as a washcoat and may contain platinum group metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) or other suitable oxidizing catalyst, or combination thereof.
- the OC 1 18 is useful in treating unburned gaseous and non-volatile HC and CO, which are oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water.
- a selective catalytic reduction device (“SCR”) 22 may be disposed downstream of the OC 1 18 .
- the SCR 22 may also include a flow-through ceramic or metal monolith substrate 24 that is wrapped in an intumescent mat (not shown) that expands when heated, securing and insulating the substrate 24 .
- the substrate 24 is packaged in a rigid shell or canister having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with exhaust gas conduit 14 .
- the substrate 24 has an SCR catalyst composition (not shown) applied thereto.
- the SCR catalyst composition preferably contains a zeolite and one or more base metal components such as iron (“Fe”), cobalt (“Co”), copper (“Cu”) or vanadium (“V”) which can operate efficiently to convert NO x constituents in the exhaust gas 16 in the presence of an injected exhaust fluid such as an ammonia (“NH 3 ”) reductant 26 .
- the NH 3 reductant 26 supplied from reductant supply tank 28 through conduit 30 , may be injected into the exhaust gas conduit 14 at a location upstream of the SCR 22 using a fluid delivery system 32 to be described below.
- the reductant may be in the form of a liquid or an aqueous urea solution when it is delivered to the exhaust gas 16 by the fluid delivery system 32 .
- a mixer or turbulator 50 may also be disposed within the exhaust conduit 14 in close downstream proximity to the fluid delivery system to further assist in thorough mixing of the reductant 26 with the exhaust gas 16 .
- an exhaust gas filter assembly in this case a diesel particulate filter device (“DPF”) 34 is located within the exhaust gas treatment system 10 , downstream of the SCR 22 and operates to filter the exhaust gas 16 of carbon and other particulates.
- the DPF 34 may be constructed using a ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 that is wrapped in an insulating mat that secures and insulates the filter 36 .
- the filter 36 may be packaged in a rigid shell or canister having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with exhaust gas conduit 14 . Exhaust gas 16 entering the filter 36 is directed to migrate through adjacent longitudinally extending walls (not shown) and, it is through this wall-flow mechanism that the exhaust gas 16 is filtered of carbon and other particulates.
- the filtered particulates are deposited in the filter 36 and, over time, will have the effect of increasing the exhaust gas backpressure experienced by the diesel engine 12 .
- a ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 is merely exemplary in nature and that the DPF 34 may include other filter devices such as wound or packed fiber filters, open cell foams, sintered metal fibers, etc.
- the increase in exhaust backpressure caused by the accumulation of particulate matter requires that the DPF 34 be periodically cleaned, or regenerated.
- Regeneration involves the oxidation or burning of the accumulated carbon and other particulates in what is typically a high temperature (>600° C.) and excess oxygen environment.
- a second oxidation catalyst device (“OC 2 ”) 38 may be located upstream of the filter 36 , proximate to its upstream end.
- the OC 2 38 is a flow-through metal or ceramic monolith substrate 40 that is wrapped in an intumescent mat (not shown) that expands when heated, securing and insulating the substrate 40 .
- the substrate 40 is packaged in the canister of the DPF 34 .
- the substrate 40 has an oxidation catalyst compound (not shown) disposed thereon.
- the oxidation catalyst compound may be applied as a wash coat and may contain platinum group metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) or other suitable oxidizing catalysts, or combination thereof. While the embodiment described includes the OC 2 38 disposed in the canister of the DPF 34 , it is contemplated that, depending on packaging and other system constraints, the OC 2 38 may also be disposed within a separate canister (not shown) that is located upstream of the DPF 34 .
- the OC 2 38 and the DPF 36 may also be in a common or separate canisters(s) and be located in a close coupled position relative to the engine turbocharger or exhaust conduit 14 , with the SCR catalyst 24 being located downstream of the OC 2 /DPF.
- a fluid delivery system 42 Disposed upstream of the DPF 34 , in fluid communication with the exhaust gas 16 in the exhaust gas conduit 14 , is a fluid delivery system 42 to be described below.
- the fluid delivery system 42 in fluid communication with HC fluid 44 in fuel supply tank 46 through fuel conduit 48 , is configured to introduce unburned HC fluid 44 (raw fuel) into the exhaust gas stream for delivery to the OC 2 38 associated with the DPF 34 .
- a mixer or turbulator 50 may also be disposed within the exhaust conduit 14 , in close, downstream proximity to the fluid delivery system 42 , to further assist in thorough mixing, breakup, vaporization and distribution of the HC with the exhaust gas 16 .
- a controller such as vehicle controller 52 , for example, is operably connected to, and monitors, the exhaust gas treatment system 10 through signal communication with a number of sensors.
- the term controller may include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated or group) and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable components that provide the described functionality.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- a backpressure sensor 54 located upstream of DPF 34 or between OC 38 and turbulator 50 , generates a signal indicative of the carbon and particulate loading in the ceramic wall flow monolith filter 36 .
- This pressure sensor 54 may also be of a delta pressure type with the downstream part located after the DPF 36 .
- the controller 52 Upon a determination that the particulate loading in the DPF (which may be determined by a signal that the backpressure has reached a predetermined level indicative of the need to regenerate the DPF 34 ), the controller 52 activates the fluid delivery system 42 to deliver HC fluid 44 into the exhaust gas conduit 14 for mixing with the exhaust gas 16 .
- the fuel/exhaust gas mixture enters the OC 2 38 inducing oxidation of the HC fluid 44 in the exhaust gas 16 and raising the exhaust gas temperature to a level (e.g. >600° C.) suitable for regeneration of the carbon and particulate matter in the filter 36 .
- the controller 52 may monitor the temperature of the exothermic oxidation reaction in the OC 2 38 and the ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 through temperature sensor 56 and adjust the HC delivery rate of fluid delivery system 42 to maintain a predetermined temperature depending on many factors such as temperature upstream of the OC 38 , the exhaust mass flow rate 16 , etc.
- an enlarged portion of the exhaust treatment system 10 illustrates exhaust gas conduit 14 adjacent to the inlet end 60 of the DPF device 34 which, in the exemplary embodiment described above houses the OC 2 38 directly upstream of the ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 .
- the fluid delivery system 42 comprises at least one HC atomizer 62 that is mounted in an opening in the exhaust gas conduit 14 .
- the HC atomizer 62 which may be an injector, vaporizer, or pump, is in fluid communication with a fluid tube 64 , extending radially into the exhaust gas conduit 14 , and receives atomized HC fluid 44 through the spray tip 66 of the HC atomizer 62 . In exemplary embodiments, there may be more than 1 spray tip.
- the HC atomizer 62 is energized by the controller 52 upon determination that the ceramic wall flow monolith filter 36 of the DPF device 34 requires regeneration.
- HC fluid 44 enters the fluid tube 64 and is heated due to the placement of the tube in the exhaust gas flow, which assists in the vaporization of the HC fluid 44 .
- the fuel passes through the fluid tube and past the slower moving boundary layer of exhaust gas 16 near the outer circumference 68 of the exhaust gas conduit 14 and is placed in a location of exhaust gas 16 which is favorable for good mixing and a variety of exhaust flow conditions.
- the HC fluid 44 enters the exhaust gas 16 from a position centrally located within the conduit 14 .
- HC fluid openings 70 A, 70 B are located in the fluid tube 64 at various locations along the length of the fluid tube 64 . These openings 70 A, 70 B may face upstream, into the oncoming flow of the exhaust gas 16 , downstream, away from the flow of the exhaust gas or they may be placed in a tangential orientation to the flow of the exhaust gas.
- the number and placement of the HC fluid openings 70 A, 70 B may be determined by the exhaust flow rate (i.e. velocity, flow volume) of the particular engine 12 and exhaust treatment system 10 as well as the configuration (i.e. diameter, etc.) of the exhaust gas conduit 14 at the location at which the fluid tube 64 is placed.
- Upstream facing openings 70 A allow the exhaust gas 16 to enter the fluid tube 64 and entrain the HC fluid 44 for flow out of downstream facing openings 70 B for example FIGS. 2 A,B,C,D,F,G,H.
- Downstream only openings 70 B, FIG. 2E utilize a vacuum created by flow around the fluid tube 64 to pull or extract the HC fluid 44 vapor into the exhaust gas 16 flowing around the fluid tube 64 but the HC fluid 44 vapor is mainly motivated for flow into the exhaust conduit 14 by the fuel flow from the atomizer and temperature in the exhaust causing the HC fluid 44 to vaporize and greatly expand. As illustrated in FIGS. 2A , B, F, G, H, and FIG.
- a series of HC fluid openings 70 A, 70 B distributed along the length of the fluid tube 64 will allow HC fluid 44 vapor to be substantially evenly distributed across the diameter of the exhaust gas conduit 14 and, thus the exhaust gas flow 16 .
- HC fluid 44 vapor is distributed across a central portion of the exhaust gas flow 16 . It should be appreciated that, HC fluid openings 70 A, 70 B that are more centrally concentrated near the centerline of the exhaust gas conduit 14 will disperse the HC fluid 44 into the highest velocity portion of the exhaust gas flow 16 .
- the determination of which design of tube to use may also be determined by the type, number and location of the mixer(s) 50 chosen for any particular application as well as the diameter (area) of gas conduit 14 (which may be variable along its length) and the distance of the fluid tube 64 from the OC 38 .
- the fuel tube 64 may extend across the entire diameter of the exhaust gas conduit 14 or only partially there across.
- a second HC atomizer 62 and spray tip 66 FIGS. 2A , B, C, D, E and F 2 at the opposite or distal end from the first HC atomizer 62 and spray tip 66 .
- further fuel control or resolution is provided to the controller 52 during regeneration.
- the fuel tube 64 extend only partially across the diameter of the exhaust gas conduit as illustrated in FIGS. 2G and H. In such case one HC atomizer 62 and spray tip 66 is utilized to deliver fuel to the exhaust gas stream 16 flow through the exhaust gas conduit 14 .
- the exhaust gas conduit 14 may be adjacent to the inlet end 60 of the DPF device 34 which houses the OC 2 38 directly upstream of the ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 .
- the fluid delivery system 42 comprises at least one HC injector 80 that is mounted in an opening in the exhaust gas conduit 14 in a known manner.
- the HC injector 80 is in fluid communication with fuel passages 86 , FIGS. 4-7 , of fluid tube 64 .
- the fuel passages 86 receive injected HC fluid 44 when the injector is energized by the controller 52 upon determination that the ceramic wall flow monolith filter 36 of the DPF device 34 requires regeneration.
- the fuel passages 86 may be drilled into a solid fluid tube 64 with intersecting outlet portions 87 also drilled at various locations along the length thereof.
- Fuel passages 86 open at various locations along the length of the fluid tube 64 , FIGS. 5-7 .
- the fluid passages 86 may face upstream, into the oncoming flow of the exhaust gas 16 , downstream, away from the flow of the exhaust gas 16 or they may be placed in a tangential orientation to the flow of the exhaust gas.
- the number and placement of the fluid passages 86 will be determined by the exhaust flow rate (i.e. velocity, flow volume) of the particular engine 12 and exhaust treatment system 10 as well as the configuration (i.e. diameter, etc.) of the exhaust gas conduit 14 at the location at which the fluid tube 64 is placed.
- a series of fluid passages 86 opening along the length of the fluid tube 64 will allow HC fluid 44 to be evenly distributed across the diameter of the exhaust gas conduit and, thus the exhaust gas flow 14 . It should be appreciated that fuel openings that are more centrally concentrated near the centerline of the exhaust gas conduit 14 as in FIG. 4 will disperse the HC fluid 44 into the highest velocity portion of the exhaust gas flow 16 .
- FIG. 8 the effect of the fluid tube 64 on the flow of exhaust gas 16 can be seen.
- a turbulent wake region 88 is created.
- the fuel tube 64 includes HC fluid openings or fluid passages that face in the downstream or tangential direction
- additional fuel mixing is encouraged in the wake region 88 due to added turbulence as well as residence time of that gas as it slows momentarily.
- FIG. 8 It is contemplated as is illustrated in FIG. 8 , that different fluid tube cross sections 89 A- 89 D may be used.
- the diameter of the tube 64 will be chosen to accentuate this effect in relation the exhaust conduit 14 area and the exhaust flow range for the application.
- an exhaust boss 90 is fixed externally to the exhaust conduit 14 and defines a through-hole 92 for fluid access to the exhaust gas flow 16 .
- the fluid tube 64 is inserted through the exhaust boss 90 through hole 92 and is supported in the through hole 92 by a flared upper end 94 .
- the flared upper end 94 receives the spray tip 66 of the HC atomizer 62 or the injector tip 82 of the HC injector 80 and is subsequently locked in place by a gland nut 96 which is threated into the exhaust boss 90 .
- the distance from the atomizer 62 and the fuel tube 64 to the OC 38 , the design of the tube, and the design location and number of mixers 50 may be varied based on the type of the engine 12 and the desired performance characteristics of the exhaust gas treatment system 10 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/680,826 filed Aug. 8, 2012 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to exhaust treatment systems for internal combustion engines and, more particularly, to exhaust treatment systems capable of fully mixing and vaporizing injected fluids into the exhaust gas flow for improved performance thereof.
- Manufacturers of internal combustion engines must satisfy customer demands while meeting various government regulations for reduced emissions and improved fuel economy. One example of a way to improve fuel economy is to operate an engine at an air/fuel ratio that is lean (an excess of oxygen) of stoichiometry. Examples of such lean-burn engines include compression ignition engines (diesel) and lean-burn spark-ignition engines. However, while lean burn engines may have improved fuel economy, the exhaust gas emitted from such an engine, particularly a diesel engine, may be a heterogeneous mixture that includes gaseous emissions such as carbon monoxide (“CO”), unburned hydrocarbons (“HC”) and oxides of nitrogen (“NOx”) as well as condensed phase materials (liquids and solids) that constitute particulate matter (“PM”). Catalyst compositions typically disposed on catalyst supports or substrates are provided in various exhaust system devices to convert certain, or all of these exhaust constituents into non-regulated exhaust gas components.
- An exhaust treatment technology in use for high levels of particulate matter reduction, particularly in diesel engines, is the Diesel Particulate Filter (“DPF”) device. There are several known filter structures used in DPF devices that have displayed effectiveness in removing the particulate matter from engine exhaust gas such as ceramic honeycomb wall flow filters, wound or packed fiber filters, open cell foam filters, sintered metal foams, etc. Ceramic wall flow filters have experienced significant acceptance in automotive applications.
- The filter is a structure for removing particulates from the exhaust gas and, as a result, the accumulation of filtered particulate matter will eventually have the effect of increasing the exhaust system backpressure experienced by the engine. Such increase in backpressure will eventually have a negative impact on engine performance and fuel economy. To address exhaust system backpressure increases caused by the accumulation of particulate matter, the DPF device is periodically cleaned, or regenerated. Regeneration of a DPF device in vehicular applications is typically automatic and is carried out by an engine or other controller based on signals received by engine and exhaust system sensors. The regeneration event typically involves raising the temperature of the DPF device to levels that are often above 600 C in order to burn the accumulated particulates thereby cleaning the DPF device.
- One method of generating the temperatures required in the exhaust system for regeneration of the DPF device is to deliver unburned HC, often in the form of raw fuel to an oxidation catalyst (“OC”) device that is disposed upstream of the DPF device. The OC device typically carries an oxidation catalyst compound which aides in oxidizing HC in an exothermic event which raises the temperature of the exhaust gas. The heated exhaust gas travels downstream to the DPF device where it burns the particulates trapped therein. Injection of the fuel into the exhaust treatment system is often carried out using injection devices similar to fuel injectors used in engines. A common challenge for exhaust system designers is to inject the HC upstream of the OC device in a manner that allows for the HC to fully disperse in order to utilize the entire OC for oxidation and to fully vaporize so as to completely combust as it passes through the OC device.
- Accordingly it is desirable to provide an HC delivery system that achieves substantially uniform mixing, distribution and vaporization of a fluid injected into the exhaust gas of an exhaust gas treatment system.
- In an exemplary embodiment, an exhaust treatment system for an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas conduit configured to receive an exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and to deliver the exhaust gas to an exhaust treatment device. A fluid delivery system is located upstream of the exhaust treatment device and is configured to deliver a fluid thereto. The fluid delivery system comprises a fluid injector, a fluid tube in fluid communication with the fluid injector and extending radially into the exhaust gas conduit for receipt of fluid from a spray tip of the fluid injector, a controller configured to energize the fluid injector to deliver fluid to the fluid tube, and an opening in the tube, disposed beyond the boundary layer of exhaust gas flow in the exhaust gas conduit, for release of the fluid into the exhaust gas flow.
- The above feature and advantages and other features and advantages of the invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an engine and exhaust treatment system embodying features of the invention; -
FIG. 2 , includingFIGS. 2A-2H , are an enlarged portion of the exhaust system ofFIG. 1 including examples of fluid tubes embodying features of the invention; -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating flow characteristics and other features of the invention; -
FIG. 4 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention; -
FIG. 5 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention; -
FIG. 6 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention; -
FIG. 7 is another example of a fluid tube embodying features of the invention; -
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating further flow characteristics and other features of the invention; and -
FIG. 9 is an illustration, partially in section, of an injector and fluid tube embodying features of the invention. - The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, its application or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , an exemplary embodiment of the invention is directed to an exhaustgas treatment system 10, for the reduction of regulated exhaust gas constituents emitted from an internal combustion engine, such asdiesel engine 12. It is appreciated that thediesel engine 12 is merely exemplary and that the invention described can be implemented in various engine systems requiring an exhaust gas particulate filter. For ease of description, the disclosure will be discussed in the context ofdiesel engine 12. - The exhaust
gas treatment system 10 includes anexhaust gas conduit 14, which may comprise several segments, that functions to transportexhaust gas 16 from thediesel engine 12 to the various exhaust gas treatment devices of the exhaust gas treatment system. In an exemplary embodiment, the exhaust treatment devices may include a first oxidation catalyst device (“OC1”) 18. TheOC1 18 may include a flow-through metal orceramic monolith substrate 20 that is wrapped in an intumescent mat (not shown) that expands when heated, securing and insulating thesubstrate 20. Thesubstrate 20 is packaged in a rigid shell or canister having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication withexhaust gas conduit 14. Thesubstrate 20 has an oxidation catalyst compound (not shown) disposed thereon. The oxidation catalyst compound may be applied as a washcoat and may contain platinum group metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) or other suitable oxidizing catalyst, or combination thereof. TheOC1 18 is useful in treating unburned gaseous and non-volatile HC and CO, which are oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water. - A selective catalytic reduction device (“SCR”) 22 may be disposed downstream of the
OC1 18. In a manner similar to the OC1, theSCR 22 may also include a flow-through ceramic ormetal monolith substrate 24 that is wrapped in an intumescent mat (not shown) that expands when heated, securing and insulating thesubstrate 24. Thesubstrate 24 is packaged in a rigid shell or canister having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication withexhaust gas conduit 14. Thesubstrate 24 has an SCR catalyst composition (not shown) applied thereto. The SCR catalyst composition preferably contains a zeolite and one or more base metal components such as iron (“Fe”), cobalt (“Co”), copper (“Cu”) or vanadium (“V”) which can operate efficiently to convert NOx constituents in theexhaust gas 16 in the presence of an injected exhaust fluid such as an ammonia (“NH3”) reductant 26. The NH3reductant 26, supplied fromreductant supply tank 28 throughconduit 30, may be injected into theexhaust gas conduit 14 at a location upstream of theSCR 22 using afluid delivery system 32 to be described below. The reductant may be in the form of a liquid or an aqueous urea solution when it is delivered to theexhaust gas 16 by thefluid delivery system 32. A mixer orturbulator 50 may also be disposed within theexhaust conduit 14 in close downstream proximity to the fluid delivery system to further assist in thorough mixing of thereductant 26 with theexhaust gas 16. - In one exemplary embodiment, an exhaust gas filter assembly, in this case a diesel particulate filter device (“DPF”) 34 is located within the exhaust
gas treatment system 10, downstream of theSCR 22 and operates to filter theexhaust gas 16 of carbon and other particulates. TheDPF 34 may be constructed using a ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 that is wrapped in an insulating mat that secures and insulates thefilter 36. Thefilter 36 may be packaged in a rigid shell or canister having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication withexhaust gas conduit 14.Exhaust gas 16 entering thefilter 36 is directed to migrate through adjacent longitudinally extending walls (not shown) and, it is through this wall-flow mechanism that theexhaust gas 16 is filtered of carbon and other particulates. The filtered particulates are deposited in thefilter 36 and, over time, will have the effect of increasing the exhaust gas backpressure experienced by thediesel engine 12. It is appreciated that a ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 is merely exemplary in nature and that theDPF 34 may include other filter devices such as wound or packed fiber filters, open cell foams, sintered metal fibers, etc. - In an exemplary embodiment, the increase in exhaust backpressure caused by the accumulation of particulate matter requires that the
DPF 34 be periodically cleaned, or regenerated. Regeneration involves the oxidation or burning of the accumulated carbon and other particulates in what is typically a high temperature (>600° C.) and excess oxygen environment. For regeneration purposes a second oxidation catalyst device (“OC2”) 38 may be located upstream of thefilter 36, proximate to its upstream end. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , theOC2 38 is a flow-through metal orceramic monolith substrate 40 that is wrapped in an intumescent mat (not shown) that expands when heated, securing and insulating thesubstrate 40. Thesubstrate 40 is packaged in the canister of theDPF 34. Thesubstrate 40 has an oxidation catalyst compound (not shown) disposed thereon. The oxidation catalyst compound may be applied as a wash coat and may contain platinum group metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) or other suitable oxidizing catalysts, or combination thereof. While the embodiment described includes theOC2 38 disposed in the canister of theDPF 34, it is contemplated that, depending on packaging and other system constraints, theOC2 38 may also be disposed within a separate canister (not shown) that is located upstream of theDPF 34. In an other embodiment, theOC2 38 and theDPF 36 may also be in a common or separate canisters(s) and be located in a close coupled position relative to the engine turbocharger orexhaust conduit 14, with theSCR catalyst 24 being located downstream of the OC2/DPF. - Disposed upstream of the
DPF 34, in fluid communication with theexhaust gas 16 in theexhaust gas conduit 14, is afluid delivery system 42 to be described below. Thefluid delivery system 42, in fluid communication withHC fluid 44 infuel supply tank 46 throughfuel conduit 48, is configured to introduce unburned HC fluid 44 (raw fuel) into the exhaust gas stream for delivery to theOC2 38 associated with theDPF 34. A mixer orturbulator 50 may also be disposed within theexhaust conduit 14, in close, downstream proximity to thefluid delivery system 42, to further assist in thorough mixing, breakup, vaporization and distribution of the HC with theexhaust gas 16. - A controller such as
vehicle controller 52, for example, is operably connected to, and monitors, the exhaustgas treatment system 10 through signal communication with a number of sensors. As used herein the term controller may include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated or group) and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable components that provide the described functionality. In an exemplary embodiment, abackpressure sensor 54, located upstream ofDPF 34 or betweenOC 38 andturbulator 50, generates a signal indicative of the carbon and particulate loading in the ceramic wallflow monolith filter 36. Thispressure sensor 54 may also be of a delta pressure type with the downstream part located after theDPF 36. Upon a determination that the particulate loading in the DPF (which may be determined by a signal that the backpressure has reached a predetermined level indicative of the need to regenerate the DPF 34), thecontroller 52 activates thefluid delivery system 42 to deliverHC fluid 44 into theexhaust gas conduit 14 for mixing with theexhaust gas 16. The fuel/exhaust gas mixture enters theOC2 38 inducing oxidation of theHC fluid 44 in theexhaust gas 16 and raising the exhaust gas temperature to a level (e.g. >600° C.) suitable for regeneration of the carbon and particulate matter in thefilter 36. Thecontroller 52 may monitor the temperature of the exothermic oxidation reaction in theOC2 38 and the ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36 throughtemperature sensor 56 and adjust the HC delivery rate offluid delivery system 42 to maintain a predetermined temperature depending on many factors such as temperature upstream of theOC 38, the exhaustmass flow rate 16, etc. - Referring now to
FIGS. 2 and 3 , with continuing reference toFIG. 1 , the fluid deliversystems fluid delivery system 42, however it should be understood the description applies equally to the delivery of NH3 reductant to the exhaustgas treatment system 10 byfluid delivery system 32. In an exemplary embodiment, an enlarged portion of theexhaust treatment system 10 illustratesexhaust gas conduit 14 adjacent to theinlet end 60 of theDPF device 34 which, in the exemplary embodiment described above houses theOC2 38 directly upstream of the ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36. In the embodiment shown, thefluid delivery system 42 comprises at least oneHC atomizer 62 that is mounted in an opening in theexhaust gas conduit 14. TheHC atomizer 62, which may be an injector, vaporizer, or pump, is in fluid communication with afluid tube 64, extending radially into theexhaust gas conduit 14, and receives atomized HC fluid 44 through thespray tip 66 of theHC atomizer 62. In exemplary embodiments, there may be more than 1 spray tip. When theHC atomizer 62 is energized by thecontroller 52 upon determination that the ceramic wallflow monolith filter 36 of theDPF device 34 requires regeneration.HC fluid 44 enters thefluid tube 64 and is heated due to the placement of the tube in the exhaust gas flow, which assists in the vaporization of theHC fluid 44. Additionally the fuel passes through the fluid tube and past the slower moving boundary layer ofexhaust gas 16 near theouter circumference 68 of theexhaust gas conduit 14 and is placed in a location ofexhaust gas 16 which is favorable for good mixing and a variety of exhaust flow conditions. In one embodiment, theHC fluid 44 enters theexhaust gas 16 from a position centrally located within theconduit 14. -
HC fluid openings fluid tube 64 at various locations along the length of thefluid tube 64. Theseopenings exhaust gas 16, downstream, away from the flow of the exhaust gas or they may be placed in a tangential orientation to the flow of the exhaust gas. The number and placement of theHC fluid openings particular engine 12 andexhaust treatment system 10 as well as the configuration (i.e. diameter, etc.) of theexhaust gas conduit 14 at the location at which thefluid tube 64 is placed. Upstream facingopenings 70A allow theexhaust gas 16 to enter thefluid tube 64 and entrain theHC fluid 44 for flow out of downstream facingopenings 70B for example FIGS. 2A,B,C,D,F,G,H. Downstream onlyopenings 70B,FIG. 2E , utilize a vacuum created by flow around thefluid tube 64 to pull or extract theHC fluid 44 vapor into theexhaust gas 16 flowing around thefluid tube 64 but theHC fluid 44 vapor is mainly motivated for flow into theexhaust conduit 14 by the fuel flow from the atomizer and temperature in the exhaust causing theHC fluid 44 to vaporize and greatly expand. As illustrated inFIGS. 2A , B, F, G, H, andFIG. 3 a series ofHC fluid openings fluid tube 64 will allowHC fluid 44 vapor to be substantially evenly distributed across the diameter of theexhaust gas conduit 14 and, thus theexhaust gas flow 16. In one embodiment,HC fluid 44 vapor is distributed across a central portion of theexhaust gas flow 16. It should be appreciated that,HC fluid openings exhaust gas conduit 14 will disperse theHC fluid 44 into the highest velocity portion of theexhaust gas flow 16. The determination of which design of tube to use may also be determined by the type, number and location of the mixer(s) 50 chosen for any particular application as well as the diameter (area) of gas conduit 14 (which may be variable along its length) and the distance of thefluid tube 64 from theOC 38. - Referring again to
FIG. 2 thefuel tube 64 may extend across the entire diameter of theexhaust gas conduit 14 or only partially there across. In such instances in which the tube extends across the entire diameter of the exhaust gas conduit, an option exists to add asecond HC atomizer 62 andspray tip 66,FIGS. 2A , B, C, D, E and F2 at the opposite or distal end from thefirst HC atomizer 62 andspray tip 66. In such instances, further fuel control or resolution is provided to thecontroller 52 during regeneration. However, there may be cost or design advantages to have thefuel tube 64 extend only partially across the diameter of the exhaust gas conduit as illustrated inFIGS. 2G and H. In such case oneHC atomizer 62 andspray tip 66 is utilized to deliver fuel to theexhaust gas stream 16 flow through theexhaust gas conduit 14. - Referring now to
FIGS. 4-7 , with continuing reference toFIG. 1 , another exemplary embodiment of thefluid delivery systems fluid delivery system 42, however it should be understood that the description applies equally to the delivery of NH3 reductant to the exhaustgas treatment system 10. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown inFIG. 2 , theexhaust gas conduit 14 may be adjacent to theinlet end 60 of theDPF device 34 which houses theOC2 38 directly upstream of the ceramic wall-flow monolith filter 36. In the embodiment shown, thefluid delivery system 42 comprises at least one HC injector 80 that is mounted in an opening in theexhaust gas conduit 14 in a known manner. The HC injector 80 is in fluid communication withfuel passages 86,FIGS. 4-7 , offluid tube 64. Thefuel passages 86 receive injectedHC fluid 44 when the injector is energized by thecontroller 52 upon determination that the ceramic wallflow monolith filter 36 of theDPF device 34 requires regeneration. Thefuel passages 86 may be drilled into asolid fluid tube 64 with intersecting outlet portions 87 also drilled at various locations along the length thereof. OnceHC fluid 44 enters thefuel passages 86 in thefluid tube 64 it is heated due to the placement of thefluid tube 64 in the exhaust gas flow, which assists in the vaporization of theHC fluid 44. Additionally the fuel passes through the fuel passages in thefluid tube 64 and past the slower moving boundary layer ofexhaust gas 16 near theouter circumference 68,FIG. 3 , of theexhaust gas conduit 14. In exemplary embodiments, having multiple passages 86 (FIGS. 5 , 6 and 7) provide advantages for better distribution theHC fluid 44 fromspray tip 66. -
Fuel passages 86 open at various locations along the length of thefluid tube 64,FIGS. 5-7 . Thefluid passages 86 may face upstream, into the oncoming flow of theexhaust gas 16, downstream, away from the flow of theexhaust gas 16 or they may be placed in a tangential orientation to the flow of the exhaust gas. The number and placement of thefluid passages 86 will be determined by the exhaust flow rate (i.e. velocity, flow volume) of theparticular engine 12 andexhaust treatment system 10 as well as the configuration (i.e. diameter, etc.) of theexhaust gas conduit 14 at the location at which thefluid tube 64 is placed. The determination of which design tube to use will also be matched to the type, number and location of the mixer(s) 50 chosen for any particular application as well as the diameter (area) of gas conduit 14 (which may be variable down the length) and the distance of thefluid tube 64 from theOC 38. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 5-7 , a series offluid passages 86 opening along the length of thefluid tube 64 will allowHC fluid 44 to be evenly distributed across the diameter of the exhaust gas conduit and, thus theexhaust gas flow 14. It should be appreciated that fuel openings that are more centrally concentrated near the centerline of theexhaust gas conduit 14 as inFIG. 4 will disperse theHC fluid 44 into the highest velocity portion of theexhaust gas flow 16. - Referring now to
FIG. 8 , the effect of thefluid tube 64 on the flow ofexhaust gas 16 can be seen. As the exhaust gas passes the fluid tube 64 a turbulent wake region 88 is created. In cases in which thefuel tube 64 includes HC fluid openings or fluid passages that face in the downstream or tangential direction, additional fuel mixing is encouraged in the wake region 88 due to added turbulence as well as residence time of that gas as it slows momentarily. It is contemplated as is illustrated inFIG. 8 , that different fluidtube cross sections 89A-89D may be used. The diameter of thetube 64 will be chosen to accentuate this effect in relation theexhaust conduit 14 area and the exhaust flow range for the application. - Referring now to
FIG. 9 , in an exemplary embodiment, anexhaust boss 90 is fixed externally to theexhaust conduit 14 and defines a through-hole 92 for fluid access to theexhaust gas flow 16. Thefluid tube 64 is inserted through theexhaust boss 90 throughhole 92 and is supported in the throughhole 92 by a flaredupper end 94. The flaredupper end 94 receives thespray tip 66 of theHC atomizer 62 or the injector tip 82 of the HC injector 80 and is subsequently locked in place by agland nut 96 which is threated into theexhaust boss 90. - In exemplary embodiments, the distance from the
atomizer 62 and thefuel tube 64 to theOC 38, the design of the tube, and the design location and number ofmixers 50 may be varied based on the type of theengine 12 and the desired performance characteristics of the exhaustgas treatment system 10. - While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the present application.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/959,042 US20140041370A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-05 | Exhaust Treatment System for Internal Combustion Engine |
CN201310381179.5A CN103573348A (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Exhaust treatment system for internal combustion engine |
DE201310215632 DE102013215632A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-08 | Exhaust gas treatment system for internal combustion engine, has exhaust pipe to receive exhaust gas from internal combustion engine and supply exhaust gas to exhaust gas treatment apparatus, and fluid delivery system to supply fluid |
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US201261680826P | 2012-08-08 | 2012-08-08 | |
US13/959,042 US20140041370A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-05 | Exhaust Treatment System for Internal Combustion Engine |
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US13/959,042 Abandoned US20140041370A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2013-08-05 | Exhaust Treatment System for Internal Combustion Engine |
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